high degree of dependency of Waorani families on the oil company, their

high degree of market integration, and the diffi culties associated with
resource nationalism under the Correa administration.

Companies did before the task of sustain communities, but with Correa this passes to Ecuador EStrategico
project which has eliminated the more direct
negotiations between communities and companies, limiting access to oilrelated
resources and eliminating certain benefi ts. accompanied by diminished technological
and remediation standards, and a decrease in the local “benefi ts”
of oil.

Tiwino has been more successful in acquiring material benefi ts from both
private and public oil companies

//lo cual genera problemas con Gareno

TIWINO

The
cancha, health sub-center, doctors’ housing, and Tiwino’s school are paid
for by Ecuador Estratégico , as compensation for the activities of Petrobell

Tiwino was founded in the

late 1980s, by Babae Ima and his family, and is one of the Waorani communities
with the longest lived experience of petroleum extraction.

He was aware of
the establishment of the Via Auca, which would open up his family’s ancestral
territory to many outsiders.

// las personas en busca de beneficios y que buscan controlar territorios ancestrales utilizan una política de
reconocimiento que depende de su presencia como base de sus reclamos sobre los espacios afectados por
el petróleo y sobre los beneficios limitados que brinda la industria.

GARENO

Por ahí pasan los trabajadores de las petroleras , sus espacios han sido creados o fundados por las
petroleras, comunes.

No hay inversión local o desarrollo. Tods sus espacios comunes contienen el logo de Petroamazonas y
están pintados de sus coles. Falta de mantenimiento , Perenco [francesa]

La mayoría de las casas se encuentran deterioradas, con las planchas de zinc oxidadas.

//Relatives live in proximity to each other, and visits between households are common
//why the early Waorani residents, who previously inhabited ecologically intact forests,
voluntarily decided to relocate along an oil road. The reasons are
manifold, but fundamentally relate to the acquisition and defense of
Resources
ES INTERESANTE LA CONCECPCION DE QUE LOS INDIGENAS QUIERAN QUE LAS
EMPRESAS LES DEN COMIDA, TODO.
THE NEW MILLENNIUM
Nivel de infraestructura alcanzado
Nunca llego a gareno, solo iban a asegurar respaldo en las urnas

Community microeconomics
Las actividades dependen del petróleo, costo mínimo de vida, comidas procesadas. Petroamazonas y
ecuador estra. Trablajo variable y poco pago Trabajo en construcciones
[tiwino] Alto nivel de integración en el mercado. Petrobell Petroecuador, Repsol, trabajos mas duraderos,
y diversificados de carga e intensivos.
Quienes se beneficiaron realmente de estos proyectos no fueron los wao, sino gente externa.

Access to remunerations, bonuses, and salaries, from oil drilling, sale of

handicrafts, or tourism (and in years past, the sale of timber), has facilitated
fundamental changes to household economics, dietary intake, and
material possessions. Subsistence activities such as hunting, fi shing, and
gathering of wild forest plant resources are at risk of becoming socially
and pragmatically de-emphasized because of the declining quality and
abundance of natural resources in zones of extraction, not to mention the
opportunity costs of engaging in subsistence compared to commercial
activities

Consumo de procesados ocasiona enfermedades como la diabetes y obesidad

Ferias con precios elevados [PAPEL DE LAS EMPRESAS

Alcoholismo

Negociaciones personales

Los bienes que intercambian o brindan a las comunidades no son eficientes, juegan con ellos, con el
tiempo, son tacanios,

BUEN VECINO

Petrobell Tiwino soccer fi eld, gave

food provisions, has helped with education and housing, constructed
the health center, provided medical equipment, and contributed to the
general well-being of the community.

What we are doing is

demanding our rights. We want the state to pay attention to our plans and
to respect our way of life. This is not a gift of the president or the government.
It is a right that we have because for 40 years they have extracted oil
and have not given us anything

CENSURA DE LAS PROTESTAS

MILITARIZACION DE LA ZONA

PARO, LA CARRETERA COMO CONDUCTO, AMENAZA Y LUGAR DE CONTENCION

One of the ways that Waorani residents of Gareno can quickly get the
company’s attention and have their demands met is to stop basic oil operations
with a paro or roadblock.

Mayor INCLUSION A LAS MUJERES

POBREZA Y MUCHA: PERCEPCIONES WAORANI SOBRE

ESTÁNDARES DE VIDA

METODO Risk is defi ned

as “exposure to potentially unfavorable circumstances, or the possibility of
incurring nontrivial los

CONTAMINACION A LOS RIOS

ACCESO A AGUA DE CALIDAD/ Potablr

CONSUMO HUMANO Y BASURA no hay pozos sépticos

Salud, cuidado medico, maternal, ambulancias, importancia,

Alcoholismo

Educación

INFLUENCIA DE LA EXTACCION EN LAS MUJERES

Son abusadas, se parovecha de ellas, son exóticas, juegan. Sus trabajos giran en tornoo a la informalidad

conflicto social, prácticas inhibidas de reproducción cultural y riesgos persistentes asociados con los
cambios económicos relacionados con el petróleo, en términos generales.

Despite Correa administration proclamations to avoid “bad” oil

extraction, the fact remains that petroleum exploitation has a deleterious
impact on natural ecosystems and alters social and cultural
practices of once-forest-dependent populations. Equating