APPLIED PHYSICS FOR CSE STREAM

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
MODULE-3 AND MODULE-5

Dr. MAHESH LOHITH K S

Associate Professor and Head
Department of Physics
ATME College of Engineering
&
Dr. UMA M S
Professor and Head
Department of Physics
Jyothi Institute of Technology
2
Contents

1 Module-3:Quantum Computing 3
1.1 Linear Operators and Matix Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Quantum Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Module-5 : Applications of Physics in Computing 7

2.1 Physics of Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Statistical Physics for Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 Important Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1
APPLIED PPHYSICS CSE STREAM

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS 2 ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Chapter 1

Module-3:Quantum Computing

1.1 Linear Operators and Matix Operations

1. A Linar Operator ’𝑋’ operates such that 𝑋 |0⟩ = |1⟩ and 𝑋 |1⟩ = |0⟩. Find the matrix
representation of" ’𝑋’. # ! !
𝑥 11 𝑥12 1 0
Solution : 𝑋 = , |0⟩ = , |1⟩ =
𝑥 21 𝑥22 0 1
Given" 𝑋 |0⟩ = #|1⟩ ! !
𝑥 11 𝑥 12 1 0
𝑋= =
𝑥 21 𝑥 22 0 1
Multiplying the Matrices on LHS and equating with the Matrix on the RHS we get
𝑥 11 = 0 & 𝑥 21 = 1
Given" 𝑋 |1⟩ = #|0⟩ ! !
𝑥 11 𝑥 12 1 0
𝑋= =
𝑥 21 𝑥 22 0 1
Multiplying the Matrices on LHS and equating with the Matrix on the RHS we get
𝑥 12 = 1 & 𝑥 22 =" 0 #
0 1
Therefore 𝑋 =
1 0
" #
0 −𝑖
2. Given 𝐴 = , Prove that 𝐴† = 𝐴.
𝑖 0
" #
0 −𝑖
Soution : Given 𝐴 =
𝑖 0
We Know That 𝐴 = ( 𝐴∗ )𝑇
†
" #
0 𝑖
The Conjugate of Matrix A is Given by 𝐴∗ =
−𝑖 0
" #
0 −𝑖
Thus ( 𝐴∗ )𝑇 = =𝐴
𝑖 0

3
APPLIED PPHYSICS CSE STREAM

 √1 1 
 (2) √ (2) 
3. Show that the Matrix 𝑈 =  𝑖 −𝑖 
 is Unitary.
√
 (2) √
(2) 


Solution : A Matrix is Unitary if 𝑈 †𝑈 = 𝐼
 √1 √−𝑖 
 (2) (2) 
Therefore 𝑈 † =  1
 √ (2) √ (2) 
𝑖 
 
=⇒
 √1 √−𝑖   √1 √1 
" #
 (2) (2)   (2) (2)  1 0
𝑈 †𝑈 =  1 −𝑖 
= =𝐼
√
 (2) √ 𝑖   √𝑖 √ 0 1
(2)   (2) (2) 
  

Here I is identity Matrix.

4. Find the inner product of states |1⟩ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |0⟩ and draw conclusions on the result.
Solution : The inner product is given by ⟨𝜓|𝜙⟩ here ⟨𝜓| is conjugate-transpose of |𝜓⟩ .
We know! that !
1 0
|0⟩ = , |1⟩ =
0 1
 
⟨1| = 0 1
!
  1
Therefore ⟨1|0⟩ = 0 1 =0
0
Thus the states |1⟩ and |0⟩ are Orthogonal.
! !
𝛼1 𝛽1
5. Given |𝜓⟩ = and |𝜙⟩ = Prove that ⟨𝜓|𝜙⟩ = ⟨𝜙|𝜓⟩ ∗
𝛼2 𝛽2
!
  𝛼
1
Solution : ⟨𝜙|𝜓⟩ = 𝛽1∗ 𝛽2∗ = 𝛽1∗ 𝛼1 + 𝛽2∗ 𝛼2 ..........(1)
𝛼2
!
  𝛽
1
⟨𝜓|𝜙⟩ = 𝛼1∗ 𝛼2∗ = 𝛽1 𝛼1∗ + 𝛽2 𝛼2∗
𝛽2
⟨𝜓|𝜙⟩ ∗ = (𝛽1 𝛼1∗ + 𝛽2 𝛼2∗ ) ∗ = 𝛽1∗ 𝛼1 + 𝛽2∗ 𝛼2 ..........(2)
Thus from (1) and (2)
⟨𝜓|𝜙⟩ = ⟨𝜙|𝜓⟩ ∗

1.2 Quantum Gates

1. Using Matrix multiplication show that on applying Hadamard gate twice to a |0⟩ results in
its original state.
Solution : To show that 𝐻𝐻 |0⟩ = |0⟩
" # " # " #
1 1 1 1 2 0
𝐻𝐻 = √1 √1 = 1
2 2 2
1 −1 1 −1 0 2

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS 4 ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

APPLIED PPHYSICS CSE STREAM

" #
1 0
=⇒ =𝐼
0 1

Since 𝐼 |0⟩ = |0⟩

Thus applying two Hadamard gates result in the original state of |0⟩.

2. Using two X-gates in series show that two not gates in serries are equivalent to a quantum
wire.
Solution : To show that 𝑋 𝑋 |0⟩ = |0⟩
" #" # " #
0 1 0 1 1 0
= =𝐼
1 0 1 0 0 1

Since 𝐼 |0⟩ = |0⟩

Hence two Not gates in series result in Quantum Wire.

3. Show the Hadamard Gate is Unitary.

Solution : To Show that 𝐻 † 𝐻 = 𝐼

" #
1 1
We Know That 𝐻 = √1
2 1 −1
" #
1 1
𝐻 † = (𝐻 ∗ )𝑇 = √1 =𝐻
2
1 −1
Thus using the solution in problem number 1
𝐻 † 𝐻 = 𝐻𝐻 = 𝐼
Thus the Hadamard Gate is Unitary.

4. Two Qbits are passed through CNOT gate.If the first qubit is the control qubit then what is
the output for the following initial states 1. |00⟩, 2. |01⟩, and 3.|11⟩.
Solution : The Operation of the CNOT gate could be represented as
|𝑥, 𝑦⟩ → |𝑥, 𝑥 ⊕ 𝑦⟩
⊕ is analogous to Classical XOR gate. XOR gate out put is high when both the inputs are
dissimilar.
|00⟩ → |0, 0 ⊕ 0⟩ = |00⟩
|01⟩ → |0, 0 ⊕ 1⟩ = |01⟩
|11⟩ → |1, 1 ⊕ 1⟩ = |10⟩

5. Show that S gate can be formed by connecting two T gates in Series.

𝜋
Solution : The T gate is is also called 8 gate and is given by

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS 5 ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

APPLIED PPHYSICS CSE STREAM

" # 
1 0 

1 0
𝑇= =  √(1+𝑖) 
0
𝑖𝜋
0 𝑒4 (2) 
 
To Prove that 𝑇 2 = 𝑆

 " #
1 0  1 0 
 
 1 0
𝑇 2 = 𝑇𝑇 =  √ (1+𝑖)   (1+𝑖)  = =𝑆
0 0 √ 0 𝑖
(2)   (2) 
      2 
1+𝑖 1+𝑖 (1+𝑖)
∵ √ √ = 2 =𝑖
2 2

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS 6 ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Chapter 2

Module-5 : Applications of Physics in

Computing

2.1 Physics of Animation

1. Given the base distance 0.5 cm for the slow out Calculate the distance between the frames

(a) #4 and #5
(b) #1 and #7

using odd rule multipliers.

2. Given the base distace 1 m for the slow in Calculate the distance between the frames.

(a) #2 and #3
(b) #1 and #4

using odd rule multipliers.

3. While animating a Speeding up car the total distance travelled over 6 frames is 25m. Cal-
culate the base distance.

4. A slowing-in object in an animation has a first frame distance 0.5m and the first slow in
frame 0.35m. Calculate the base distance and the number of frames in sequence.

5. In a case of animating a jump the Push Height is 0.5m and the JM is 5. Calulculate the
Jump Height and Push Acceleration. Given Gravitational Acceleration 10𝑚𝑠−2

6. The jump animation is associated with a Push Time of 5 frames, Push Height 0.4m and
Stop Height 0.5m. Calculate the Stop time. Express the push time and stop time in second
if the animation is played at 30fps.

7
APPLIED PPHYSICS CSE STREAM

2.2 Statistical Physics for Computing

1. The number of particles emitted per second by a random radioactive source has a poisson
distribution with 𝜆 = 4. Calcualte the probabily of 𝑃(𝑋 = 0), 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) and 𝑃(𝑋 = 2).

2. On a particular place, volcanic erruption occurs once every 100 years on average. Calcu-
late the probability of k = 0, 1, and 2 volcanic erruption in a 100 year interval, assuming
the Poisson model is appropriate.

2.3 Important Note

The Numerical Problems on Module 3, Quntum Computing and Module 5, Applictions of

Physiics in Computing in Applied Physics for CSE Stream curriculum must be restricted
to only the above solved standard forms.

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS 8 ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING