Application of Definite Integral

Math 35
Engineering Calculus II

Prepared by:
Engr. Odette R. Alegato
 Introduction
Areas between two curves

There are two methods for finding the area bounded by curves in
rectangular coordinates. These are...

1. by using a horizontal element (called strip) of area, and

2. by using a vertical strip of area.

The strip is in the form of a rectangle with area equal to length × width,
with width equal to the differential element. To find the total area
enclosed by specified curves, it is necessary to sum up a series of
rectangles defined by the strip.

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 2

 Areas Between Two Curves
Using Horizontal Strip

From the figure, the area of the strip is 𝑥𝑑𝑦,

where 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝐿 . The total area can be
found by running this strip starting from 𝑦1
going to 𝑦2 .Our formula for integration is;

𝑦2 𝑦2
𝐴= 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝐿 )𝑑𝑦
𝑦1 𝑦1

Note that 𝑥𝑅 is the right end of the strip and is always on the curve 𝑓(𝑦) and 𝑥𝐿 is
the left end of the strip and is always on the curve 𝑔(𝑦). We therefore substitute
𝑥𝑅 = 𝑓(𝑦) and𝑥𝐿 = 𝑔(𝑦) prior to integration.

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 3

 Areas Between Two Curves
Using Vertical Strip

We apply the same principle of using horizontal strip to the vertical strip.
Consider the figure below.

The total area is;

𝑥1 𝑥1
𝐴= 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝑙 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥2

Where:
𝑦𝑢 = upper end of the strip = 𝒇(𝒙)
𝑦𝑙 = lower end of the strip = 𝒈(𝒙)

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 4

 Areas Between Two Curves

The steps in finding the area can be outlined as follows:

1. Sketch the curve

2. Decide what strip to use and define its limits

3. Apply the appropriate formula based on the strip then integrate.

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 5

 Sample Problems
Find the area bounded by the given curves.

1. 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦 , 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 4 = 0

Graph the given function to determine boundaries

The POI is;

𝑥2
3𝑥 − 4 +4+0
4

3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 4 = 0

𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 4 = 0

𝑥−4 𝑥+1 = 0

𝑥 = 4, −1

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 6

 Sample Problems
When 𝑥 = 4: By vertical strip:

4
42 = 4𝑦 𝐴= 𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿 𝑑𝑥
−1
𝑦=4
4 3𝑥+4 𝑥2
When 𝑥 = −1 = −1 4
− 4
𝑑𝑥

1 4
−1 2 = 4𝑦 =4 −1
3𝑥 + 4 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦=4
4
1 3𝑥 2 𝑥3
𝟏
= + 4𝑥 −
4 2 3 −1
So, POI is 𝟒, 𝟒 , −𝟏,
𝟒
1 3(4)2 43 3(−1)2 (−1)3
=4 +4 4 − − − 4 −1 − 3
2 3 2

125
𝐴= 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
24

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 7

 Sample Problems
Find the area bounded by the given curves.

2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑥 2

Graph the given function to determine boundaries

The POI is;

𝑥2 = 2 − 𝑥2

2𝑥 2 = 2

𝑥 = ±1

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 8

 Sample Problems
When 𝑥 = 1: By vertical strip:

1
𝑦=1 𝐴= 𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿 𝑑𝑥
−1

When 𝑥 = −1 1
= −1
2 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑦=1 1
= −1
2 − 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
So, POI is 𝟏, 𝟏 , −𝟏, 𝟏
1
2𝑥 3
= 2𝑥 − 3
−1

4 4
=3 + 3

8
𝐴 = 3 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 9

 Sample Problems
Find the area bounded by the given curves.

𝜋 𝜋
3. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥, 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 =
4 2
Graph the given function to determine boundaries
By vertical strip:
𝜋
2
𝐴= 𝜋 𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿 𝑑𝑥
4

𝜋
= 𝜋
2
sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4

𝜋
= − cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 𝜋
2
4

− 2 2
= − + 0−1
2 2

𝐴= 2 − 1 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 10

 Sample Problems
Find the area bounded by the given curves.

3. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1, ; 𝑦 = 7 − 𝑥; 𝑥 = 8

Graph the given function to determine boundaries

The POI is;

When 𝑥 = 8:

𝑦=2 8 +1

𝒚 = 𝟏𝟕

𝑦 = 7−8

𝒚 = −𝟏

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 11

 Sample Problems
Substitute 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑛 𝑦 = 7 − 𝑥 By vertical strip:

8
7 − 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 1 𝐴= 𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿 𝑑𝑥
2

6 = 3𝑥 8
= 2
2𝑥 + 1 − 7 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒙=𝟐 8
= 2
3𝑥 − 6 𝑑𝑥
When 𝑥 =2
8
3𝑥 2
= − 6𝑥
𝑦 = 7−2 2 2

𝑦=5 =48 − (−6)

So, POI is 𝟖, 𝟏𝟕 , 𝟖, −𝟏 , 𝟐, 𝟓 𝑨 = 𝟓𝟒 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 12

 Sample Problems
Find the area bounded by the given curves.

4. 𝑦 2 = 2𝑎𝑥 ; 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎2

Graph the given function to determine boundaries

The POI is;

2𝑎𝑥 = 4𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎2

𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑥 = 0

𝑎 𝑎 − 2𝑥 = 0
𝒂
𝒙=𝟐

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 13

 Sample Problems
When 𝑥 =
𝑎 By horizontal strip:
2
𝑎
𝐴= −𝑎
𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝐿 𝑑𝑦
𝑎
𝑦= 2𝑎 2
𝑎 𝑦 2 +𝑎2 𝑦2
= −𝑎
− 𝑑𝑦
4𝑎 2𝑎
𝒚 = ±𝒂
𝑎
1 𝑦3 1 1 𝑦3
𝒂 𝒂 = + 𝑎2 𝑦 −
So, POI is 𝟐
,𝒂 , 𝟐
, −𝒂 4𝑎 3 4𝑎 2𝑎 3 −𝑎

𝑎
𝑦3 𝑎𝑦 𝑦3
= + 4 −
12𝑎 6𝑎 −𝑎

𝑎3 𝑎2 𝑎2 −𝑎3 𝑎2 𝑎3
= 12𝑎
+ 4
− 6𝑎
− 12𝑎
− 4 + 6𝑎

𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎2
= + 4 − 6 + + − 6
12 12 4

𝒂𝟐
𝑨= 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝟑

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 14

 Sample Problems
Find the area bounded by the given curves.

5. 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 + 1; 𝑦 = 1 − 𝑥

Graph the given function to determine boundaries

The POI is;

1−𝑥 2 =𝑥+1

1 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 = 0

𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 0

𝑥 𝑥−3 =0

x= 𝟎, 𝟑

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 15

 Sample Problems
When 𝑥 = 0 By horizontal strip:

1
𝑦 = 1−0 𝐴= −2
𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝐿 𝑑𝑦

𝒚=𝟏 1
= −2
1 − 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 − 1 𝑑𝑦

When 𝑥 = 3 1
= −2
2 − 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 1−3
1
𝑦2 𝑦3
= 2𝑦 − 2 − 3 −2
𝑦 = −2
7 10
So, POI is 𝟎, 𝟏 , 𝟑, −𝟐 = +
6 3

𝟗
𝑨 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 16

 Assignment

Find the area bounded by the given curve

1. 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 − 1 ; 𝑥 = 𝑦 − 3

2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 ; 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3

3.𝑦 2 = 𝑥 + 4 ; 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0

4. x = 4𝑦 − 𝑦 2 ; 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4

5. 𝑦 2 = 3𝑥 ; 𝑦 2 = 4 − 𝑥

6. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥; 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4

Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 11