Yoga Ashram in Uttarakhand Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture In Architecture by Adyasha Priyadarshini (Roll Number: 116AR0015) under the supervision of Prof. Binit Kumar April 22, 2021 Department of Planning and Architecture National Institute of Technology, RourkelaF erste when Brat ezeret a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 8 " TSI, ROURKELA-769008, SHSM, ODISHA INFORMATION April 22, 2021 Certificate of Examination Roll Number: 176AR0015 Name: Adyasha Priyadarshini Title of Dissertation: Yoga Ashram in Uttarakhand We the below signed, after checking the dissertation mentioned above and the official record book (s) of the student, hereby state our approval of the dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Architecture at National Institute of Technology Rourkela. We are satisfied with the volume, quality, correctness, and originality of the work. Prof. Binit Kumar Supervisor External Examiner 1 External Examiner 2 External Examiner 3 thi Phone : (0661) 2476773, "saa Fax : (0661) 2462022, dawige Website : wwwanitrkl.ac.in a fa, ore, ana ser & sill ves asta areca a1 zeta An institute of national importance under ministry of HRD, Govt. of Indiaisda tien Pratt sizer e NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY B 10 TST, ROURKELA-769008, 3NRBM, ODISHA INFORMATION Prof. Binit Kumar ‘Supervisor April 20, 2021 Supervisors’ Certificate This is to certify that the work presented in the dissertation entitled Yoga Ashram in Uttarakhand submitted by Adyasha Priyadarshini, Roll Number 116AR0015, is a record of original research carried out by him under our supervision and guidance in partial futfillment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor in Architecture. Neither this dissertation nor any part of it has been submitted earlier for any degree or diploma to any institute or university in India or abroad. Prof. ‘Supervisor it Kumar ‘lel Phone : (0661) 2476773, ‘aa Fax : (0661) 2462022, dawrge Website : www.nitrkl.ac.in ALAA, saree, ana Ueere & siflrer Ven angler steed a1 zzena An institute of national importance under ministry of HRD, Govt. of IndiaDeclaration of Originality |, Adyasha Priyadarshini, Roll Number 116AR0015 hereby declare that this thesis entitled “Yoga Ashram in Uttarakhand” presents my original work carried out as a under graduate student of NIT Rourkela and, to the best of my knowledge, contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor any material presented by me for the award of any degree or diploma of NIT Rourkela or any other institution Any contribution made to this research by others, with whom | have worked at NIT Rourkela or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. Works of other authors cited in this thesis have been duly acknowledged under the section “References’. April, 2021 NIT Rourkela Adyasha PriyadarshiniAcknowledgment |'m highly indebted to the Director of our college Prof. Animesh Biswas who provided me the productive opportunity to work on this thesis. | would also like to highlight the efforts of Department of Planning and Architecture and every faculties, who supported me at every stage of the review. A special thanks to the Head of Department Dr. Nabanita Saha and thesis coordinator Professor Mohd. Nauman Nizamuddin whose help, suggestions and encouragement helped me to conclude the report successfully. Also, | would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to all those who gave me the opportunity to work on this report. | would like to express my special gratitude towards my parents for their kind cooperation to provide a workable condition and encouragement which helped in completion of this project. | am very grateful to my thesis guide Professor Binit Kumar, an inspiring and persuasive personnel, who guided me for the whole thesis and motivated me at every stage of my life. | feel very blessed at every moment of this journey and want to pay my deep sense of gratitude to him to encourage and motivate me to the highest peak and provide me valuable directions and suggestions. | would not have been accumulated the important assets and completed the report on time without his direction and backing. At last, but not the least, | would like to thank my friend Dipesh Bhatta, Anwesa Priyadarshini & juniors Ann Mathew, Debashish Das, Spandan Dash, Mrunalini Muduli, Ashirwad and fellow batchmates who helped me to great extent to work on this report and bring it to the desired outcome April, 2021 NIT Rourkela Thanking you, Adyasha Priyadarshini 116AR0015Abstract Title of the dissertation: Yoga Ashram in Uttarakhand The topic was chosen as the relevance of healing architecture to today's health tourism. People are getting stressed, getting anxious and experiencing different type of health problems due to the adaptations of unhealthy life style. So, this health tourism concept arises eventually. People need relaxation in their hectic schedule. Now-a-days many yoga ashrams, spas, meditation centers, are built taking in account to these issues. People are getting attracted to these places for the required relaxation. By following holistic living life style. People are getting healthier in all the aspects such as physically, mentally, and psychologically. So, in my research paper | have designed a yoga ashram based on the research articles and joumals that have been studied earlier for this project. The proposed design would be sustainable to the environment and climate responsive by using passive heating techniques and setting the orientation of the buildings in appropriate direction, this project intends to save maximum energy from heating. Different kinds of herbal plants, food plants, flowers which has medicinal properties have the potential to recover people much faster which can be seen throughout the site. Keywords: Yoga; Studios; Wellness; Accommodation viTable of Contents 1 Introduction to Yoga: 1.1 Background study: 1.1.1 Physical. 1.1.2 Psychological: 1.2 Aim of the project... 1.3. Objectives: 1.4 Scope: 1.4.1 Methodology: 2 Introduction to Uttarakhand: . 244 Climatic Condi 21.2 Soils: 2.1.3 Settlement Pattern... 2.2 Construction Typology in Uttarakhand: 224 — Foothill. 2.22 Low-Level Hilly Region: 223 Mountainous Region: 23 Building elements:.... 2.31 Foundation Type’ 2.3.2 — Earthquake resistant structure:... 2.3.3 Walling: 2.34 — Roofing: 2.3.5 Flooring: 2.3.6 Window design.. 2.4 Vemacular Architecture of Hilly Region: 9 2.4.1 Kumaon region: 2.4.2 — Garhwal Region 2.5 Summary of Secondary Sources: . 2.5.1 National Building Code 2016: Volume 1 -Chapter3. 13 2.5.2 Summary of Uttarakhand Bye-Laws: 2.53 Time Saver Standards- Building Types (2" Edition) ... 2.5.4 Yoga Teacher Training Program: 2.5.5 Meditation: eves 2.56 — Environmental Factors to be considered 257 Spaces 2.6 Secondary Case-Studies scm ae 2.61 The Artof Living Foundation, Bangalore: 24 vii3 2.6.6 __ Isha Foundation....... Shreyas Retreat Centre, Pune:.... Naman Retreat Pure Spa, Vietnam: Jetavan, Pune, Maharashtra: Complex Taj Rishikesh resort: 34 27 Area Programming: .. Site Selection and Analysis: . 3.1. Site Selection .. 3.1.1. Site Proximity... 3.412 Site Details: 3.2 Climatic Data... 3.3. Site and slope analysis: 45 4 Design Proposal. 41 Concept. 4.2. Design Components 43 Site Location and details: 49 44 Site Zoning: 45 Site Plan 4.6 _ Site Plan - Accommodation: 47 Site plan — Vehicular Movement 4.8 _ Site plan — Pedestrian Movement....... 49 Landscape Plan: 4.10 Proposed Design... 4.10.1 Administration block: 87 5 4.10.2 Wellness center: 4.103 Restaurant block’ 4.10.4 Single sharing villa: . 4.10.5 Twin sharing villa: 4.10.6 Single / twin sharing rooms: 4107 Dormitory: 4.10.8 Sensory garden: 4.10.9 Meditation and yoga OAT: 69 41 412 References: 3d Views: cose Area Statement of the Project: villList of figures: Figure 1 Holistic Living. Figure 2 Map of Uttarakhand... Figure 3 Land use map of Uttarakhand. Figure 4Settlement along the contours .. Figure 5Settlements in valley region. Figure 6 Stepped Foundation Figure 7 Fill and cut-fill Technique Figure 8 Pile Foundation........ Figure 9 Types of wall construction. Figure 10 Retaining walls classification Figure 11 Types of roofing style... Figure 12 Wooden flooring Figure 13Flooring made by mud and cow-dung Figure 14 Bay window Figure 15 Dormer window. Figure 16 Skylight Figure 17 Traditional houses of Uttarakhand ... Figure 18 Kumaon House. Figure 19 Garhwal House. Figure 20 Interior View of hous Figure 21 Kumaon House Exterior. Figure 22 Structural System of house Figure 23 Garhwal Houses... Figure 24 Kath-Kuni style Houses Figure 25 Location of Village .. Figure 26 Stone Construction of house... Figure 27Balcony space of house.. Figure 28 Vertical Section of house Figure 29 Rectangular floor-plan of house. Figure 30 Rishikesh Yoga Teacher Program .... Figure 31 Sound Meditation Techniques ........ Figure 32 Process of Sound Meditation Figure 33 Interior of a Yoga studio Figure 35 Exterior of Yoga center. Figure 34 Sacred geometry example Figure 36 Interior of yoga studio with measurements. Figure 37 Reception and Waiting lobby Figure 38 Locker room with washroom Figure 39 Interior of yoga studio Figure 40 Vishalaskshi Mantap. Figure 41 Interior of Mantap. Figure 42 Site plan of AOL ..... Figure 43 Site plan of AOL... Figure 44 Amphitheatre ....0.:.0n Figure 45Yangyanshala of AOL.... Figure 46Dormitories........ Figure 47 Basava Gardens..... Figure 48Meera VanamFigure 49 Panchakarma Spa Villa Figure 50Cottages........cse smn Figure 51 Entrance View....... Figure 52 Master plan and Concept Figure 53 Interior of massage room Figure 54Exterior of Spa room Figure 55 Development of yoga space Figure 56 Interior view of yoga studi Figure 57 Ground floor plan Figure 58 First floor plan Figure 59 Connections of spaces Figure 60 View of Waiting lobby... Figure 61View from front Figure 62 Lattice pattern with vertical gardening Figure 63 Water body with vegetation Figure 64 Ground floor plan.... Figure 65 Upper floor plan... Figure 66 Air flow inside the building .. Figure 67 View of Courtyard... Figure 68 Interior view of Massage room. Figure 69 View of Reception... Figure 70 Exterior of Jetavan.. Figure 71 Conceptual sketch of design... Figure 72 Site plan cum floor plan of Jetavan.... Figure 73 Section showing butterfly roof... Figure 74 Materials used for the project. Figure 75 Exterior of Taj Resort Figure 76 Courtyard of Taj Resort Figure 77 Site plan of Taj resort. Figure 78 Floor plan of Taj resort. Figure 79 Interior of resort Figure 80 Courtyard of Taj hotel Figure 81 Site view of the resort Figure 82 Interior of Dhyana Linga Figure 83 Site plan of Isha Foundation Figure 84 Floor plan of Dhyana Linga. Figure 85 Materials used for the resort..... Figure 86 Series of column for the entrance Figure 87 Aerial view of the meditation center Figure 88 Uttarakhand map..... Figure 89 Chamoli distrct.. Figure 90 Indian map... Figure 91 Facilities available near the location Figure 92 Proximity with respect to the site... Figure 93. Various location with respect to the location Figure 94 Google map image of the site. Figure 95 SWOT analysis...... Figure 96 Temperature information. Figure 97 Solar temperature information. Figure 98 wind directionFigure 99 Slop analysis of the site Figure 100 Wind flow analysis. Figure 101 Noise analysis ..... Figure 102 Solar radiation Figure 103 Elements to be considered for practicing public places more interactive Figure 104 Concept sheet: Flower Of lf ....-.snvnnnmesenenense Figure 105 Design components Figure 106 Site location and details Figure 107 Site zoning Figure 108 Site plan Figure 109 On site vehicular movement Figure 110 Site plan and accommodation Figure 111 On site pedestrian movement Figure 112 Landscape plan.... Figure 113 Flower garden... Figure 114 Therapy garden... Figure 115 Contemporary Zen garden... Figure 116 Outdoor gaming court. Figure 117 Admin block ground floor plan. Figure 118 Admin block upper floor plan . Figure 119 Admin block Section A-A’ Figure 120 Admin block Section B-B" Figure 121 Admin block elevation. Figure 122 Weliness center ground floor plan.. Figure 123 Wellness center floor plan level - Figure 124 Maintenance floor details . Figure 125 Hydrotherapy and westem therapy room details. Figure 126 Acutherapy and salon room detail... - Figure 127 Ayurvedic therapy & consultation room detail Figure 128 Wellness center Section A-A’ Figure 129 Wellness center north elevation Figure 130 Wellness center south elevation Figure 131 Dining hall floor plan Figure 132 Restaurant floor plan ... Figure 133 Recreational activities of floor plan Figure 134 Recreational activities block Section A-A’ Figure 135 Recreational activities block east elevation Figure 136 Villa floor plan Figure 137 Villa Section A-A Figure 138 Villa Front elevation Figure 139 Twin sharing villa floor plan... Figure 140 Twin sharing villa Section Av Figure 141 Twin sharing villa front elevation Figure 142 Single/twin sharing room ground floor plan Figure 143 Single/twin sharing room upper floor plan... Figure 144 Single/twin sharing room Section A-A Figure 145Single/twin sharing room front elevation ... Figure 146 Dormitory ground floor plan... Figure 147 Dormitory upper floor plan Figure 148 Dormitory Section A-A' xiFigure 149 Dormitory front elevation. Figure 150 Sensory garden details Figure 151 OAT floor plan level + 3600 . Figure 152 OAT floor plan level + 100 Figure 153 OAT Section A-A’ Figure 154 OAT North-east elevation Figure 155 OAT South-east elevation. Figure 156 Site view from OAT Figure 157 Single villa view Figure 158 Twin villa view. Figure 159 Wellnes centre view. Figure 160 Wellness centre view 2 Figure 161 Wellness centre view 3 Figure 162 Single villa view 2 Figure 163 Twin villa view 2.... Figure 164 Site view 2. Figure 165 View of OAT .....0:.0- Figure 166 Bird eye view of OAT... Figure 167 Dormitory view...... Figure 168 Bird eye view of Wellnesss centre Figure 169 Flower garden view. Figure 170 Single/Twin sharing view 1 .. Figure 171 Single/Twin sharing view 2 . Figure 172 Bird eye view of Site 2 Figure 173 Restaurant view 1 Figure 174 Restaurant view 2 Figure 175 View from view port 1 Figure 176 View from view port 2 .. Figure 177 Admin block view. Figure 178 Twin villa view 3. Figure 179 View of drop-off point Figure 180 Bird eye view of site 4 Figure 181 View from OAT Figure 182 View from OAT 2... Figure 183 View of central junction Figure 184 Front vie of admin block Figure 185 Restaurant view 1 Figure 186 Restaurant view 2 List of Tables Table 1 Regulation for Plotted Housing ... Table 2 Regulation for Guest House. Table 3 Regulation for Dharamshala Table 4 Regulation of Uttarakhand Bye-laws..... Table 5 Setback Guidelines for different Plot sizes Table 6 Admin block Table 7 Office Spaces cece Table 8 staff and accomodations Table 9 Recreational spaces .. Table 10 Area Statement xii1 Introduction to Yoga: 1.1 Background study: Holistic living may be well which keep us healthy and supportable of living a balanced diet. By leading this life one can be physically and mentally discriminant. By being healthy one can become good in society when it comes to a good person. These are mainly five pillars. 1 Individual nutrition- It means to make the diet healthy as well as nutritious in which all the nutrition requirements can be fulfilled. We people prefer medicines which are not herbal but instead of using that kind of medicines we should go for plant-based medicines. 3. Restful sleep- In our day-to- day life we people can't get sufficient amount of sleep needed for ourselves due to lots of tension. So, we should be calm and sleep for an adequate amount. 4.Joyful movement — We people are always engaged in different kind of works and job tension and we became more stressful. But we shouldn't be do so and be happy as much we can. 5. Social support — In order to be friendly and kind towards other we should be holistic in which we can interact with others. 4.4.4. Physical: + Relieves muscular tension + Relieves tight knots + Relieves muscular fatigue + Improves sleep pattern + Boosts power level Improves grant of oxygen and vitamins to the body Improve digestion 11.2 Psychological: + Alleviates intellectual fatigue + Increase intellectual clarity + Improves concentration + Increase emotions of well-being Figure 1 Holistic Living Flowchart Source: Holistic Life n A Nushel, Retrieved From: hokstkctub.com1.2 Aim of the project: To design a yoga center to facilitate people for practicing of yoga. 1.3 Objectives: * To incorporate natural features in designing the building and surrounding spaces. + To incorporate passive heating techniques inside the building. + To implement and promote the vernacular style of the region 1.4 Scope: * Yoga center Assemble hall * Meditation center © Open air theatre * Residences © Dining hall * Recreation spaces + Naturopathy center * Salon and spa + Gymnasium + Auditorium * Centre for yoga Certification 1.4.1 Methodology: ae ——l a = 21P2. Introduction to Uttarakhand: Uttarakhand is state in northem India. It’s known as “land of the gods”. The natural environment of Uttarakhand can be divided into 3 parts such as the Himalayans regions, the bhabar and the terrain regions. It's divided into two regions which are Garwal and Kumaon and it has a total of 13 districts. The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun. Uttarakhand has a total area of 53,483km? approximately. In which around 86% is. mountainous and 65% is covered by forest. The northem part of the state is completely covered by high Himalayan peak sand glaciers. Two important rivers Ganges and ‘Yamuna flow through this state so it has been considered as a holy place in India. This state has Jim Corbett national park the oldest national park and this has been recognized as an UNESCO world heritage site. The native people are called Uttarakhandi. People are called Garhwali or Kumauni depending upon the regions they are living. Such as people who are living in Garwal region called Garwali and people living in Kumaon region called Kumaoni respectively. Uttarakhand has a population of 10086292 as per 2011 census. Approximately 70% of the population lives in rural areas. Uttarakhand has different topography throughout the state such as hilly terrain, deep valleys, high peaks etc. We can observe frequent soul erosion and landslides. Figure 2 Map of Uttarakhand Figure 3 Land use map of Uttarakhand ‘Source: (Uttarakhand map, Maps of India) ‘Source: (Uttarakhand map, Maps of nia 2.4.1 Climatic Conditions: We can divide the state into two regions which are predominant hilly terrain and small plain regions. So, we can observe a seasonal variation in temperature. It's affected by tropical monsoons. The coldest month of the state is January and the hottest month is July. Floods and landslides are problems during the rainy season in the lower stretches of the valleys. During the winter time snowfall can happen up to 3-5m. So, we can observe that the main seasons are summers, winters and monsoons. Several factors can affect the snow-fall that is building upon a roof. They are including roof pitch, drifting, lean-tos or other roof decks which don’t shed snow as easily as metal roofs and roof valleys or other roof areas which collect a lot of snow. 31P2.1.2 Soils: Uttarakhand has various types of soils. These soils are susceptible to soil erosion. In the north regions the soil of full of gravel to stiff clay, debris comes from glacier sand brown forest soil-gravelly and organic. The bhabar area is characterized by soils that are coarse textured, sandy to gravelly, highly porous and largely infertile. The southern part is a plain land soil are rich, clayey loams and mixed to varying degrees with fine sand and humus, which is proper for cultivation. 2.41.3 Settlement Pattern: Traditional settlement pattern developed on relatively flatter area. The main settlement location is on the southern slopes of hills. Settlement also depends on the proximity of the surface water source. It became the integral part of the environment so that it would put minimal impact on the environment. The people construct their buildings along the contour to reduce site development. Vernacular buildings are constructed in a cluster pattern along the open spaces used as gathering spaces such as courtyard. Around these open space’s buildings are constructed. Buildings are oriented in such a way that these buildings would get maximum sun exposure and get affected by minimum wind exposure. Buildings should be grouped along the open spaces so that it would be good for social interactions between the residents. Figure 4Settiement along the contours Figure SSettiements in valley region Source: (Bek, setiement ofVtarakhand, 2017) ‘Source (bugyal valley, 2017) Settlements can be divided into three categories such as ridge, valley and midland. In the ridge region temples, shops, public buildings, post offices, schools, and other public buildings are constructed. In the valley area mostly public and community office builds are located. The residences are located on the upper regions. Mid land mainly public and private buildings are located. 2.2 Construction Typology in Uttarakhand: There are 3 type of construction can be seen in Uttarakhand. Such as foothill, mountainous and low valley. 2.2.1 Foothill: There is an availability of good quality of top soil which is good for cultivation. The temperature over here is relatively warm and moderate level of precipitation. 4|PBecause of the good cultivated soil and good precipitation level this region is agricultural residue. Local building construction can be easily available like stone, wood, thatch etc. People produce their building construction material from agricultural waste. They use handmade sun-dried bricks for wall construction. The roof made of thatch or mud lying over timber deck supported by mud walls. Recently, use of kiln brunt laid in cement mortar, flat roofs of Gl sheets or RCC flat slab roofs in plain areas. 2.2.2 Low-Level Hilly Region: Building quality stone is easily available. But good quality top soil is limitedly available. The availability of timber and water varying from region to region. Moderate precipitation happens and no snowfall happens in winter. Walls are constructed by coursed random rubble masonry technique, it used for load bearing of the walls. The roof style used is flat roofs and it is mainly seen in plain regions. In recent times CGI sheets and steel are used for building construction. RCC roofs are pretty common in these areas nowadays. 2.2.3 Mountainous Region: Building quality stone is easily available. But good quality top soil is limitedly available. The availability of timber and water varying from region to region. Climate of this region is very cold and snowfall often happens. This region is very vulnerable to seismic activity. The walls are constructed by using coursed or uncoursed random rubble masonry with mud mortar. The walls are plastered with mud laying or cement. Depending upon the amount of snowfall happens in the region people adopt roofing style like two-way or four-way pitched roof made out of timber. People also use slate, tile or petal for covering the roof with the thickness of10-15mm. 2.3 Building elements: 2.3.1 Foundation Type: In hilly regions the structure's stability depends on the strength of foundation. So, we can see that people are using spread footing foundation, stepped foundation, fill and cut-fill, solid filling, pile foundation etc. Pile foundation now has been used in recent times for modern constructions. These types of foundations are very strong inside and give a better performance in earthquake than the other ones. In fill and cut-fll type people first cut the sloppy area make it plain by filling the lower portion and then start construction above it. It is a traditional way for people to make the foundation. And so is solid filling. People are also using spread footing foundation recently which is a good option for sloppy areas. 5|Prealy a BEER: iy a Figure 6 Stepped Foundation Figure 7 Fill and cut-fll Technique Figure 8 Pile Foundation ‘Source: (Sharma, building construction 21 Oct 2017) 2.3.2. Earthquake resistant structure: Buildings in hilly regions are the most vulnerable to seismic activity. It tremendously affects the stability and strength of the building. The severity of the local effects depends on the complex combination of the earthquake magnitude, the distance from the epicenter and the local geological and geo-morphological conditions. Vernacular practices with suitable modifications can be adopted for design and construction of earthquake resistant buildings in hill regions. 2.3.2.1 Planning and design considerations: * Symmetry + Regularity © Separation of blocks + Simplicity * Enclosed area + Less openings + Location of house 2.3.3. Walling: In this region people mainly use stone blocks, concrete blocks, burnt clay bricks or random rubble masonry for constructing a wall. For a greater stability they use English or rat- trap bond for walling purpose. This technique gives better performance in the time of earthquake time. Also used for thermal insulation. This walling system manages the water run- off. It helps to slow the flow of rainwater. The coming from the roof and walls gathers at the lawn and gardening area so that it can be used as watering them. For thermal insulation of the house people use clay mixed with dung on flooring or walls. In this way the rooms remain warm in winters and cool during summer. oleFigure 9 Types of wall construction ‘Source: (Ashwani Kumar, April 2014) Gravity wall Figure 10 Retaining walls classification Source: (waipecta, 2019) Retaining walls are used to protect the ground from land sliding. It provides the usable land. Due to the presence of retaining wall soil erosion is protected. Retaining walls creates terraces by making the land plain. Retaining walls are used to control downhill erosion. It helps to minimize the erosion by decreasing the angle of a slope and holding back soil. Soil around a downhill foundation is washing away, or erosion from a slope is compact an uphill foundation, a retaining wall can help 2.3.4 Roofing: Gable roof: a gable roof is generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof. Mansard roof: i's a kind of roof with the pitch divided into a shallow slope above, the steep slope may be curved. Hip roof: A hip roof is a type of roof where all sides slope downwards to the walls, usually with a fairy gentle slope. They keep their height of the upper floor low. The height of the first floor is kept about 1.8m to 2.1m 72approximately. Openings of these houses remain small to resist the movements during earthquakes. People apply thatch layer under the roof for resisting thermal radiation. Figure 11 Types of roofing style ‘Source: (khebara cheupal) Now a days in modern construction we can classified into 3 categories like precast brick panel and RC joist, precast RC planks and joists and CGI sheets. Precast brick panels are long- lasting, it's economical for flooring and roofing. RC joist are used when aren't available. CGI sheets are economical but climatically not accepted. In extreme conditions an insulating layer of thermo scope sheets or thatch panels under CGI sheets. CGI sheets can be used with some additional insulating materials for roofing. 2.3.5. Flooring: For ground floor flooring material people traditionally use mud and mixed with dung. Cow-dung is an insect repellent and a good thermal insulator. In the regions where plenty of woods are available their people can use wooden floorings. For the first floor, wooden planks are first laid then the mud mixed with dung paste is evenly applied over it. People mainly keep the height the upper floor low, so that the interior atmosphere would remain warm in winters. These types of traditional buildings were made until the last century. For thermal insulation of the house people use clay mixed with dung on flooring or walls. In this way the rooms remain warm in winters and cool during summer. Figure 12 Wooden flooring Figure 13Flooring made by mud and cow-dung ‘Source (guesthouse.2018) Source: (Rakesh, 2020) [Page2.3.6 Window design Dormer window: This type of window provides source of light and ventilation for top floors. It increases the amount of head room in the room. It allows utilizing more usable space. Skylight: It used for illuminating the whole room. It is out of reach so we can't handle it easily. Bay window: it is a multi-panel window it has at least three panels set at different angles to create a protrusion from the wall line. Oriel: a form of bay window most often seen in Tudor- style houses and monasteries. It projected from the wall and doesn't extend to the ground. Figure 14 Bay window Figure 15 Dormer window ‘Figure 16 Skylight 2.4 Vernacular Architecture of Hilly Region: In the traditional buildings of this hilly region, we can observe the adaptation of different type of construction techniques. The floor plans are rectangular shaped which has been proven to give better performance in the time of earthquake. This traditional building has a better climatic response. They kept their upper floor height low so that it would resist the cold from getting inside. The ceiling height is about 8f to Sft. They place their openings very symmetrically in the buildings and also small. This technique is used to withstand the movements occurs during the earthquake. Symmetry helps to make the building earthquake proof. Slates and tiles used as roofing material Ceiling height = 2.4m to 3.0m Figure 17 Traditional houses of Uttarakhand Source (Manda, 2017) The rooms inside these houses have a low illumination level because the openings are small. Most part of the population lives in rural settlement. Small linear village are settled along-side paths or roads. The rural houses have typically two stories. The ground floor or lower floor used for keeping animal or for storing the goods or grains. ‘The upper floors are typically used for living. The construction techniques mostly used locally available materials like local stone with mud used as mortar. Roofs made of slate tiles or corrugated iron sheets. The facades have similar elements and features to maintain the harmony everywhere. The traditional domestic architecture of Uttarakhand is relevant even today due to the following features: giPi. Mostly wood and stone were used for construction which was locally and easily available. ii, Cost-efficiency iii, Stability iv. These houses are earthquake proof due to the non-rigidity of joints. ‘These buildings can endure the adverse weather conditions. Figure 18 Kumaon House Figure 19 Garhwal House ‘Source: (Rohit KumarSingh Jordon, 2019) Source: (Acta, garhwal houses, 2011) 2.4.1 Kumaon region: Buildings are constructed along the contour side of the hill in stepped terraces. These houses have large openings in the front so that the verandah space would get maximum day- light, which is feasible for all the main activity space. All the waste water drains are kept in the rear-part. Ground floor is dedicated to the sheltering the domestic animals so that the upper floors remain warm. All the openings are symmetrical and regular so it is visually harmonious with the surrounding. There is lack in the sense of exterior and interior spaces relationship. The openings of the buildings are kept short so that it would withstand the movements happen during the earthquake. But this causes the inadequate light and ventilation happen in the rooms. The main primary material available for construction is stone and timber. The walls are constructed by using random rubble masonry technique using stone. The main structural members are made of timber such as timber bands, timber column etc. the wooden planks are used for flooring purpose. For roofing they use slates or thatch which come from the agricultural waste. For insulation they use stone slabs and thatch underline the roof. The orientation of the buildings is towards east, south west so that these houses could get maximum sunlight during daytime. The interior spaces are living room, bed room and kitchen with an addition of storage space. The kholi separate the house in two divisions. The space in ground floor used as sheltering space for domestic animals such as Cattle or it could be used as storage area. The spaces of first floor are used for living, seating and other multi-purposes. The kitchen space remains in the upper floor. Average floor to floor height is very low like 1.6m to 2.0m. the storage spaces are under the stairs. The seismic responses of this kind of traditional buildings are good. lolFigure 20 Interior View of house Figure 21 Kumaon House Exterior Figure 22 Structural System of house ‘Source: (Singh, houses, 2011) Source: (Adiya, garhwal nouses, ‘Source: (Bhat. kimono houses, 2.4.2, Garhwal Region: Site selection usually enrooted to the pilgrim centers, near sources of water and areas which can protect from cold winds. But also, it built along the contours. Generally, the houses have two to three storey having rectangular floor plans. At some strategic location's buildings height can be reach up to seven to eight storey and these are made out of wooden. Timber frames are used called as “summer”. At some strategic location,7- 8 storied tall wooden structures made of timber frames called “Sumer’. It dominates the skylines. These buildings can be served as an emergency shelters or it can be used as watch tower. These buildings have modular forms. These houses are flexible enough to bear the tremors of an earthquake. Settlement and built-forms incorporate multi-utilzation of stepped slopes cut through the hills. The main primary material available for construction is stone and timber and agricultural waste. The walls are constructed by using random rubble masonry technique using stone. The main structural members are made of timber and stone such as timber bands and stone column etc. The wooden planks are used for flooring purpose. For roofing they use slates or thatch which come from the agricultural waste supported with wooden trusses. For insulation they use stone slabs and thatch underline the roof. The orientation of the buildings is towards east, south west so that these houses could get maximum sunlight during daytime. The interior spaces are living room, bed room, kitchen, storage space and with an addition of 0.75m wide balcony. The steps separate the house in two divisions. The space in ground floor used as sheltering space for domestic animals such as Cattle or it could be used as storage area. The spaces of first floor are used for living The kitchen space remains in the upper floor. uPAverage floor to floor height is very low like 1.5m to 1.8m. The storage spaces are near the house and 1.0m elevated. The seismic responses of this kind of traditional buildings are good. Figure 23 Garhwal Houses Figure 24 Kath-Kuni style Houses ‘Source (Omisha,2017) ‘Source: (Adarsh.2019) 2.4.2.1 Case -study: Architecture of Mukhba Village Mukhba village is situated on a high-altitude settlement in Uttkarshi district. The climate of this region is very cold and cloudy. Due to often snowfall, landside and hilly area the transportation facilities are very poor. The orientation of the settlement of houses is towards to southem slope for receiving maximum sun-light. So, the houses are built along the slope facing east and south-east direction. The east facing buildings is attributed to the direction of the main Gangotri temple, as the main occupation of the population is priest. The houses are designed in linear shape. It has typically two floors. Verandah is designed in the longer side. Bedroom, living rooms are opening to the verandah at the end of the verandah there are small rooms situated, those are used for temples, toilets or storage purpose. The ground floor or the lower floor is used as a shelter space for domestic animals. They projected the floor space on just above it so that it would be used as storing the goods and grains. They even store their grains in the open front yard. First floor has living rooms and is connected with verandah. Second floor's ceiling height is very low so villagers generally do secondary works over there like cooking. All these things are being constructed by using the primary building material which is stone and wood. Linear organization: people keep the long verandah towards the sunlight to ensure maximum heat gain during day-time. All the day-time activities happen in the verandah area. It's the shared space for the whole family. Generally, in house 2 to 3 family’s lives together, but they have different floors. They store their grains in verandah, open yard etc. ownership of a vertical slice of enclosed spaces to ensure equal climatic advantages to all the families. Grain storage spaces differ from family to family and so it demarcates 12|Pthe territory of the families. The open-yards is slightly raised, leveled and often paved with stone. he LAr Figur 25 Locaon of Vilage Fire 25 Sone Contacto of house Fg 27Balony space cf Nouse some Panvonsnenarzoig, Soave fntyah Stor" Seu: Paya tr 7) Figure 28 Vertical Section of house Figure 29 Rectangular floor-plan of house Source (PratyushShankar 2018) ‘Source: (PratyushShankar 2011) 2.4.2.2 inferences from the Hill Architecture of Uttarakhand: * Firstly, the geological concer namely the slope gradient is needed to be stabilized. * Secondly, the climatologically concerns namely rainfall and snowfall is needed to be optimized so that it causes the least possible harm to the building structure. «Thirdly, the natural hazard concerns namely landslide and earthquake could be dealt with by making some civil and architectural changes in the building. * Design the building with linear forms * Use of local materials * Orientations of buildings * Roofing style with insulation properties. 2.5 Summary of Secondary Sources: 2.6.1 National Building Code 2016: Volume 1 -Chapter3 Residential Premises — Plotted Housing: (Clause 9.6.2) BIP* minimum plot size should not be less than 30sq.mt. + plot size may vary depending upon the type of the housing + size of the plot depends on the number of dwelling units * Aplot should be built for two dwelling units on each plot. + on bigger size plots, more than one dwelling unit per plot can be built Sl.No Plot Area (sq.mt) Maximum FA Noot Ground ous. Coverage % R 1 30 75 1504 2 Above 30 up to 50 75 150 2 3 ‘Above 50 up to 100 65 180 3 4 Above 100 up to 250 65 180 3 5 Above 250 up to 500 55 165 6 6 Above 500 up to 1000 45 120 8 7 Above 1000 up to 1500 40 100 8 8 Above 1500 up to 2250 3343 10012 Table 1 Regulation or Poned Housing Guest House, Boarding House Minimum plot size 500 sq. m. Maximum ground coverage 33.33% Maximum floor area ratio 100 Maximum height 26 m Table 2 Regulation for Guest House Dharamshala Minimum plot size 800 sq. m. Maximum ground coverage 33.33% Maximum floor area ratio 75 Maximum height 15 m. Table 3 Regulation for Dharamshala Maximu m Height (mt.) 8 8 12 12 15 15 15 15 14|P2.5.2. Summary of Uttarakhand Bye-Laws: ‘Sources: Uttarakhand- Bye Laws -Volume 1 -Building Construction and Development Regulation Plain area Access road 12 Min. plot area 1000 Max. ground coverage 45% FAR 10 Parking Table 4 Regation of Utara By-laws ‘Setbacks Plot size FRONT BACK 1000 45 36 1001-3000 5.0 45 3001-8000 75 5.0 8001-15000 9.0 6.0 15001-35000 12.0 75 35001- above 15.0 9.0 Table 5 Setback Guidelines for different Plot sizes Hilly area 6 700 50% 18 1.50 ECS SIDE SIDE 36 36 45 36 45 45 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 75 75 2.8.3. Time Saver Standards- Building Types (2™Edition) 2.5.3.1 Hotel room layouts Figure 30 Room layout for Twin room Figure 31 Room layout for Canjoint Twin room ‘Source: Commercial Hotels, Pg.No. 867 ‘Source: Commercial Hotes, Pg. No.879 15|P2.5.3.2 Dining table layouts Figure 32 Different tables layouts Figure 33 Table layouts for Dining room ‘Source: Commercial Restaurant and Eating Places, Pg.No.739 ‘Source: Commercial Restaurant and Ealing Places, Po. No76t 2.6.3.3 Kitchen layout Figure 34 Flowchart of Restaurant Kitchen Figure 35 Restaurant kitchen layout Figure 36 Layout for Snack-Bar ‘Source: Commercial Restaurant and Eating Places, Pa. No. 758 2.5.3.4 Laundry room layout and locker room: Figure 37 Laundry Room layout for Hotels Figure 38 Laundry room for Residence Figure 39 Layout for Locker room ‘Source: Residential- Laundry Rooms, Pg 45 Source: Residential- Laundry Rooms, Fg.4 Source: Educetiona-Locker Rooms, Pg 225 l6|P2.5.4 Yoga Teacher Training Programs: There are various yoga ashrams which are giving courses for professional yoga teacher. There are some certificate programs which are recognized in every yoga ashram. This certificate is given by Ayush Ministry of Indian Government. Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY) is an autonomous organization registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 and fully funded by Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India. * Graduates of the course receive internationally-recognized certification * Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Dhanwantari Ashram Trust is a recognized member institute of Indian Yoga Association © Successful graduates of the Teachers’ Training Course are automatically recognized by the IYA as professional members * Certified by the worldwide Yoga Alliance (North America) for the 200 hours standard for Registered Yoga Schools (RYS) ‘These certificate programs are of different duration. A student can choose a program which is convenient for him/her. These are some durations of courses which is provided from the yoga center raining programs. * 200 Hrs. Yoga Teacher Training * 300 Hrs. Yoga Teacher Training * 500 Hrs. Yoga Teacher Training In curriculum part they give training about different postures of asana, training about meditation, diet requirements, hand postures and breathing techniques and much more. Curriculum: Asanas Pranayama Meditation Yoga Anatomy and Physiology Yoga Nutrition Kriyas Teaching Practice Karma and Reincamation Hatha Yoga weenaneune Figure 30 Rishikesh Yoga Teacher Program Source: Yoga Training School, Rishikesh I71P2.5.5 Meditation: Sound based vibration treatment is very much needed to the people who are suffering from arthritis, menstrual pain, postoperative pain, knee replacement pain. it makes the body relax when some is tired as well as going through a very harsh or stressful time. It has many uses as well as advantages. It helps to improve mobility, reduce muscle pain, increase blood circulation, etc. Sound is very much effective in spiritual manifestation. Human beings, animals, birds are very much utilized the sound to appreciation and speaking to one another. For many years, the sound has been very precisely used in religious places, for worship, for meditation and of course to reduce the pain of mental and physical health. Many people have studied to find the ways to alter the country's mind from war and other cruel actions to a very peaceful and non- violence country where all the country can stay patience and has on aim, i.e., to make earth a better living. Many ancient civilizations have explored and recorded each and every home in which science is slowly discovering and representing. When we come to meditation, it is known as one of the herbal countries of mind. When we hear the sound of the meditation, we used to be in a peace of mind alone. We used to dream at that time relaxing in such place where no one is disturbing and mainly the OM sound made our day. Hearing once it makes our mind calm. 2.5.5.1 The primary advantages of the sound meditation: + Quieting the mind + To empower effective cognitive change + Quitting anti-depressants and managing depression + Considerable elimination of nervousness and panic attacks + To get admission to and launch bad experiences + To convey the self into a country of internal peace and calmness + To set up a country of resonance and atonement with the self + Increasing concentration + Improving dynamics between couples Figure 31 Sound Meditation Techniques Figure 32 Process of Sound Meditation Source: Mother Neture Netiark, Retrieved rom: firabeerver.com 18 |?2.5.6 Environmental Factors to be considered: 2.5.6.1 Acoustics I's a belief that yoga and meditation should done in complete silence. However, this can be hampered by external noises. In many cases we can see that these yoga and meditation spaces are kept as far as possible from the noisy area. In closed rooms sounds and even smells can be fabricated by providing courtyard s or some open spaces with some natural features. Incorporating indoor courtyard which can have components like moving water or garden that invites birds can work the same. This practice requires complete silence so the areas should be completely isolated. 2.5.6.2 Ventilation For some yoga asana and meditation breathing is a vital part. So, we need to take special care of breathing enough oxygen throughout the session. Breathing is the grassroots thing for internal development. So, it's necessary to provide enough ventilation in studios. To accommodate that we need to provide enough openings or windows. We need to ensure the fact that enough air is passing with carrying maximum. oxygen. We should provide openings in the direction which carries maximum prevailing wind to ensure the maximum cross-ventilation. 2.5.6.3 Illumination In case of yoga and meditation the availability of sunlight in the room is very important. Sunlight is the prime aspect of exercise. Sunlight has so many natural abilities of healing such as preventing cold, providing vitamin D etc. sunlight is necessary to rid of darkness in the room as well as in the soul. To accommodate this, we can have openings and windows which provide direct sunlight into the room. Windows starting from the flooring level, transparent screens or some indoor courtyards can be fulfilling these requirements. This will not only permit ample amount of lighting which is necessary but also the heat which can be helpful for treatment of some certain diseases. 2.5.6.4 Aesthetics and Materials ‘The aesthetic of a building is totally depending upon the owners’ requirements. Nut we need to keep the thing in mind that some aesthetic components should be avoided if we are designing a yoga studio. Components such as distracting decorative elements. The yoga studio should have minimal decoration with a soothing environment. we can paint our walls with bright colors so that it would create a healing environment itself. It is justified to use components which can produce positive vibes in the environment without distracting a person's concentration. 2.5.6.5 Orientation and Geometry In ancient days, the geometry of the building play's important role. Its t only carries the aesthetic values but of course some scientific value related to it. Orientation and geometry of a building plays a vital role in practicing yoga in earlier times. For example, I9|Peast sunlight is necessary during yoga and orienting building towards the north because of the magnetic pole etc. most of the time architects designs their yoga studios or any religious building based on the sacred geometry. Figure 35 Extenor of Yoga center Source: Rethink the Future Figure $4 Sacred geomety example Source: Rethink the Future 20|Page2.8.7 Spaces Every exercise requires some spaces which involve some characteristic of the space. For this kind of practices, we need a huge open room with some additional rooms for help. 2.5.7.1 Main Room This is the central part of the house of constructing the place of human acquires for many important things. The space is completely used for so many basic as well as important things. The open designs tend to be more flexible than enclosed rooms, and can be much airier and have lighter. They create a feeling of space, which makes a studio more comfortable. There the studio makes the place for human acquire for practice and commonly is a free plan, bendy and adaptable for many exclusive uses. To measure the dimensions, we can prefer the measure of a yoga mat, which unfolds utterly stretched in a vicinity of about 1.70 x 0.6 meters. Itis cautioned to depart at least 50 cm between the mats, to enable the free motion customers in the course of exercises. Some studios need to reserve some space for the instructor too. Tat space can be kept in front with so distance or it can be raised a little bit so that every student can see properly. Main room can have a storage space. So that students can store their belongings for temporary time period. 2.5.7.2 Bathrooms / Dressing Rooms Ayoga studio needs to have bathrooms/changing rooms. It's a basic amenity that needs to be provided. If the bathrooms are clubbed with changing rooms, then it can be used for dual purposes. The bathrooms and toiletries should be placed at the same place so that a person would travel minimum distance. Not only theses basic facilities we can also add some lockers, benches or shelves so that people can store their belongings 2.8.7.3 Space per Student: We need to arrange our room in such a way that it would have enough space for each student. Each student needs approximately 2.7 sqm space for practicing. It provides 2.1m by 1.2m for each student for max comfort. People like to do yoga in spacious areas not in congested or crowded area. We need to keep some space for yoga instructor as well. This can be done either by keeping some space in front or by raising the level by a little bit. 2.5.7.4 Ceiling Height Ceiling height plays an important key in designing the studio interiors. A good ceiling height should be 2.4m, not less than that. It's so that a 64” person with hand stretched can easily do it. Although 2.4m ceiling height is minimum but it would make us feel congested so it's ideal to provide a ceiling height higher than the ideal height. 21/PSo maximum studios keep 3m as ceiling height. It would naturally create a healthy environment for yoga as well. 2.5.7.5 Plants and Small Trees Everyone loves to decorate their studios with some fragrance plants or small tress. If we like the vegetation, then we think up of the small trees and fragmented plants. So, we have to maintain it very properly as we are using things related to the nature. There is it increases more chances of getting rotten. Died vegetation doesn't seem inviting. The nature itself a great beauty. The sweet aroma of the plants can make the room more pleasant. They can costume up any diagrammatic theme and also signifies the great vegetation. 2.5.7.6 Privacy ‘Yoga studios need to be sound-proof in order to maintain keep out the external noise from getting in. so that it won't disturb the students. It necessary that enough light should get inside the studio so we need to provide large openings but this can hamper the privacy of interior. We can put translucent window coverings to avoid such scenario. This will help to guard the privacy of students. 2.5.7.7 The Reception Area Many thinks it's not necessary to provide a reception area in yoga studio but this space can be utilized by many means. It could serve a space where people can wait or to greet students. If this space consists of some seating area, then it would be good. Height-3m Min, height=2.4m Figure 36 interior of yoga studio with measurements Source: (Pranamaya Yoga Studio, Thame) IPFigure 37 Reception and Walting lobby Figure 38 Locker room with washroom Source: Herskhazeen, The yoga center, Kuwat ‘Source: Hersthazeen, The yoga certer, Kuwait Figure 39 Interior of yoga studio ‘Source: 28 Inepinng ideas for yoge clase delgn, Retrieved trom: yogaberan.com2.6 Secondary Case-Studies 2.6.1 The Art of Living Foundation, Bangalore: Itis situated in Bangalore since 1989, it which is an educational and humanization organization in the U.S, since 1989. Art of Living Foundation has been an educational and humanitarian organization in the U.S. It is credited by the U.N NGO in 1996. It works as a consultant with UN's Economic and social Council. From many years it has participating in variety of committees and activities related to health, education, disaster relief, etc. There are some officers who are majority in number are mostly teachers, staff are volunteer. They have a partnership with International Association for Human Values. In any disastrous moment they work together bravely to face any such problem. It has many organizations and centers which are taken by many religious people. Figure 40 Vishalaskshi Mantap Figure 41 Interior of Mantap Figure 42 Site pian of AOL ‘Source: Srinfanibiande,2013 Retrieved from: enkdh.net The center is a focused attraction Vishalaskshi Mantap meditation hall, a 5 layered lotus shaped structure. This is the main assembly hall in the entire site and an iconic structure. This is designed by Sri Ravi Shankar. This huge structure is following the Vedic style of architecture. Followed by sacred geometry for better orientation of structure. This space is mostly used formed it and Satsang purpose. This huge structure can accommodate almost 8000 people at a time. This structure has very higher plinth level which suggest the superiority of this place. Figure 43 Site plan of AOL Figure 44 Amphitheatre Source: Sriishi Horde, 2013, Reteved fom: enzh net ‘The Amphitheatre is designed like the shape of Paduka-the shape of a foot. The concept design is based on the Vedic concepts of building gardens. Which is even a scared geometry transformed into an open activity area. This place is intended for wpmorning-yoga practices. This place is so huge that it can accommodate around 2,00,000 people. In evening time musical performances happens here. Yagyashala, is located in the downhill of the slope. This is made in theatre style which strength of 7000 people at a time. Navaratri Puja, Satsang and other puja events are conducted here. Figure 45Yangyanshala of AOL ‘Source: Srinighi Hande,2013, Reiroved from: eniah.net Different types of accommodations: Dormitories (Shared rooms): These are the most basic accommodation in AOL campus. In this dormitory 3 beds are accommodated in a single room. These rooms have common toiletries and other basic amenities as a common service. They are mostly involved in happiness program, advanced meditation program etc. Men and women used to live in separate rooms. In each room, there are 3 beds shared with others. The room has all the facilities to live adequately. The room is having all the facilities which is mandatory and they are towels, toilets and many other to be introduced by way of guests. These are many in number. Figure 46Dormitories Figure 47 Basava Gardens ‘Source: Srinishi Hande, 2012. Reteves trom: eniahi.net Source: Sindhi Hande,2013, Retrioved from: enidhinet Basava Gardens: Basava Gardens are favorable or beneficial homes with 2-3 bedrooms with all the basic necessities items which are needed to maintain the hygiene. Now-a-days AC is very much necessary in our daily life due to continuous increase in temperature. 25|PBasava gardens are two in number. If any family want to stay for a little longer period and are more in number then they can book the whole house. It is having a friendly environment which will make or mind peaceful and make us to stay for a longer period. Meera Vanam: Meera Vanam rooms made on the basis of Kerala architecture in which it is having spa. In case we have joint pain and are very much tired and want are laxation then we can prefer this rooms. Inside this there are 37 rooms which we can book if anybody want to stay. There are also individual rooms. Figure 48Meera Vanam Figure 49 Panchakarma Spa Vila Figure 60Cottages Panchakarma Spa Villa: Its main focus based on Ultra-modern and high-quality and luxurious spa. It's very expensive. Normal people can't afford it. People having more income can easily pay for this and can enjoy the facilities. Cottages near to Gurukul: ‘These can be affording by everyone. They are 3 in number. This is for the aged contributors of the family. The customers can see the lake and loads of birds from their balcony. It is positioned adjoining the Gurukul campus. ‘Sumeru Realty: This is a condominium which is adjacent to the main kitchen/dining hall. All the devotees who are willing to stay closure to the ashram can stay over there. 2.6.1.1 Inferences: * The use and practices of sacred geometry that influence the orientation and architecture of the structure. * Putting the main activity as the focus point. «Different types of Ayurveda treatments that are currently being in trending in India for medical welfare. * Depending upon the different needs of visitors providing them different variety of accommodation. 26|P2.6.2 Shreyas Retreat Centre, Pune: The main architectural vision of this type of design is to integrate the building with nature or the natural surrounding so fit. The main focus of this design is to create a sustainable building which can produce a strong relationship with the nature. The ground floor of the building is half submerged into the ground and became almost disappeared. Sunken court creates a division between the earth and the building, not only this but this sunken court also helps for air circulation. There also a water body inside the building itself. This water body is not only act like an aesthetical component but also control the humidity of interior. Waiting lobby has sunken court in the right part and waterbody in the left side which create a good and soothing view. Figure 51 Entrance View Figure 52 Master plan and Concept ‘Source: Shreyas Retreal The Pink Ink Studio Reieved From: archdaiy.com All the private spaces or quite places such as consulting room, spa rooms, yoga spaces all are kept behind the water body. The spas, massage rooms are semi- detached from the main building block. Each spa room is approximately 600sqft. Each of the spa room is dedicated to a different type of Ayurveda treatment type. So, a spa room include space for massage, a washing space and an inner courtyard. The exterior wall of the spa rooms is made of brick jallis with abstract the direct sunlight from getting inside and create a play of light and shadow inside the room. This whole thing creates a soothing environment itself for the patient itself with its natural component. This brick jallis are made of local brick which is completely exposed. All these porous structures made pleasant atmosphere. Figure &3 Interior of massage room Figure &4Exterior of Spa room ‘Source: Shreyas Retreal/ The Pink ink Studio Retrieved From: arch. com 27|Page‘The outer landscape of the building merges with the exterior surrounding paths to make space of the guest lounge. The buffer zone which is created makes a smooth transition from exterior world with the inside, with the semi- covered spaces and creates a light and shadow play. ‘Seon hs Gr can aa a UILT-FORM DEVELOPMENT : YOGA AREA Figure 55 Development of yoge space Figure 56 Interior view of yoga studio Source: Stveyes Rees” The Pink Ink Staci Retrieved From: areal com Blocks which are designed around the sunken court they mostly blending with the green spaces of the outside. This is an organic approach towards to design. The soothing feel continued in the upper floor, having 2000sqit space for yoga and meditation purpose. It has large openings and particular orientation so that this space can get east lights in the morning. This is necessary component for yoga and meditation use. The large pavilion is connected to a continues series of private semi covered yoga & meditation spaces. These spaces get lit with the help of brick jaalis. Figure 67 Ground floor pian Figure §8 First floor plan" Figure 69 Connections of spaces ‘Source: Shreyas Retreat’ The Pink ink Studio 2621 Inferences: ‘* Merging the building with the exterior surroundings. * Put lesser differences between the existence of the building and outside landscape. * We can manipulate the day lighting inside the building with the help of different types of components such as brick jaalis, sunken court etc. * We can keep yoga and meditation spaces less covered so that these spaces can get more natural light, proper ventilation etc. thus connected with nature. * We can plant herbal plants which is suited for different ayurvedic treatment. 28|P‘+ Orientation and geometry of the building designed to get day lighting from required direction. Figure 60 View of Waiting lobby Figure 61 View from front ‘Source: Shreyas Retreal The Pink Ink Studio Retrieved From: archdaly.com 2.6.3 Naman Retreat Pure Spa, Vietnam: Naman retreat pure spa is an additional facility which is linked with five-star Naman retreat, Danang. Rectangular planning has been taken out the noise factor into considerations. This spa is located on abuts road-side. So, architect has to design in such a way that a place which needs silence to function can work on side busy road side. It has 15 mind-blowing massage rooms also separate massage rooms for VIPs. ‘The massage rooms have open air gardens, bathtubs and bed to 2. Also, this spa includes facilities gym and yoga and meditation session rooms for ultimate healthy treatment. The ground floor can indoor courtyards with relaxing platforms surrounded by water bodies. The whole exterior and indoor courtyard are covered up by hanging gardens. This hanging garden not only looks good in aesthetics but also work as a wall This obstructs excess day lighting and noise from outside. Figure 62 Lattice pattem with vertical gardening Figure 63 Water body with vegetation Source: Naman Retreat Pure Spa/ MIA Design Studio Retrieved From archdaily com 29|PFigure 64 Ground floor plan Figure 65 Upper floor plan ‘Source: Naman Retreat Pure Spa/ MIA Design Retrieved From: archdily com The designing team used the natural cross-ventilation method to keep the interior of building cool and give refreshing experience. The indoor courtyard helps to channelize the air inside the building thus, keeping the building cool inside. They use local plants inside the building also including the luxurious aspects. It also gives concept of hanging and a well-maintained privacy to the visitors. Figure 66 Airflow inside the building ‘Source: Namen Retreat Pure Spa/ MIA Design Stido Retrieved From: archly.com The flow of different are as creates a smooth experience and the blending of the building with the surrounding landscape create an amazing journey. The facade is designed in lattice pattern with the hanging garden in alternate way. This vertical landscape filters the tropical sun rays into a soothing light & shadow play on a complete textured wall. These hanging garden itself act like a screen in architecture of the building. 2.6.3.1 Inferences: ‘* Use of local environmental factors for designing the building. It could be the climate factor or the heritage factor etc. * Factors like acoustics, lighting, ventilation etc. are needed to be considered because yoga studios are the places which are affected by the see elements. + Hanging gardens can be act like a screen to obstruct harsh lighting, 30|Page‘+ Indoor courtyards for cross ventilation and channelizing the indoor air. Figure 67 View of Courtyard Source: Naman Retreat Pure Spa/ MIA Design Studio Retroved From: archdaly com Figure 68 Interior view of Massage room Figure 69 View of Reception Source: Naman Retreat Pure Spa/ MIA Design Studio Retrieved From: archdsily com 2.6.4 Jetavan, Pune, Maharashtra: This spiritual center for Buddhist devotees is located in Sakharwadi, Maharashtra This center is designed by Sameep Padora & Associates. The design is influenced by Buddhist cave architecture. The construction is completed by 2015. The site area for this, center is 1 acre and the built-up area is 8000 sqft. The access road is 6m wide. The center is located beside the sugar factory. With the close proximity of 2km there is a railway station so the transportation connectivity is feasible to this center. Figure 70 Exterior of Jetavan Figure 71 Conceptual sketch of design ‘Source; Jetavan/ Sameep Padora & Associations 31|The fundamental ideology of creating this center is to fill the gaps between the spiritual world and youth life. So, the motive is to introduce space for performing spiritual and social gatherings to eliminate that gap. That is why the designer provided larger space for prayer hall and workshop for other spaces. This creates for a religious community with poor economic resources. The repetition of wooden structures is the primary reference the stone ribbed interior of Buddhist cave architecture. The entire center is constructed with locally available material and recycled material or the bye product of factory wastes. Also, it's important to consider that not even a single tree has been cut down in the process of construction, which is the minimum intervention with the surrounding environment. Figure 72 Site plan cum floor plan of Jetavan Source; Jetavan’ Sameep Padora & Associations The architect divided the whole center with 3 zones that is public, semi-public and private respectively. In the public zone we have reception cum waiting lobby, a pantry, store room and common washrooms. Then we reach to a common courtyard which leads paths to both prayer halls and workshop with a courtyard used for social gatherings. The prayer hall, workshop and courtyard are come under semipublic zone. At the extreme corner we have 3 twin sharing guest rooms with attached toilet which comes under private zones. Figure 73 Section showing butterfly roof ‘Source; Jetavar/ Sameep Padora & Associations 32|PageThe designer introduced butterfly roofing system. It is vertically inverted which eliminate the visual barrier between the interior and exterior surrounding. It allows cross ventilation and natural light to come inside. It creates a visual connection to the outside forestation. The extended roof canopy provided shades for the exterior pathways. Mud Rolls (Clay roof tiles from local demolition sites) Salvaged wood of sea vessels from a ship-breaking yard Basalt stone dust and Fly ash brick walls Exposed brick Cement plastering Mud + Cow dung plastering Figure 74 Materials used for the project 2.6.4.1 Inferences * Use of Butterfly roofs for good cross ventilation and natural light Open air space for social gathering Roof insulation system through local material Use of local and recycled materials Creating visual barrier between public and private spaces Minimal intervention in the natural environment 33 [Page2.6.5 Complex Taj Rishikesh resort: This is a hill station resort located in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand. It falls under hotel or resort typology. It is designed by Edifice Consultants Pvt. Ltd. It's designed with reference to the vernacular architecture of the region which is Kath- Kuni style architecture. Its construction completed in the year 2020. The built-up area is 150000 sqft. Figure 75 Exterior of Taj Resort Figure 76 Courtyard of Taj Resort Source: Complex Taj Resort Rishikesh yh 2 Retrieved frome archaly com The resort is connected through a national highway. The access road is 6m wide. There is a single entrance to the complex. The access road led us to the administration block. Drop off point is located in front of admin block from where cars go the parking. Before coming to the admin block there is separate entry to the VIP suites. Vehicular movement stopped by the admin block and a 3m wide pedestrian path unites the entire property and leads us to every suite present in the complex. The path started from the administration block and ended at the swimming pool located at the very end point of the complex. VIP Suites Administration Block Deluxe suites Recreation Figure 77 Site plan of Taj resort Source: Complex Taj Resort Rishikesh /yh 2 Retrieved from: archdaily com 34The administration block has a central courtyard with the traditional image of Darbargadh. Close to the entrance point we have reception and waiting lobby with a separate room for business conference. Then we have the dining space which is divided into two separate category such as indoor dinging and terrace dining. Dining space is connected with the kitchen space. Banquet hall, pre function hall are connected with the kitchen through a service corridor. A fire staircase, fire shaft and service lift are present in the kitchen as it is the most heated area in the building. In the upper floor we have administration rooms and a few guest rooms for accommodating the guest who come for the function Kitchen Funetion Hall Dining Hall + Temace Dining Waiting Lobby Figure 78 Foor plan of Taj resort Source: Complex Taj Resort Rskesh yh 2 Retrieved from; archdailycom The materials that are used in the entire project are locally available. Materials like slate plates have been used for roofing and flooring purpose. Stone walls with wooden joinery used for heat trapping inside the building. Aluminium framed glass windows are to allow maximum visual connection between exterior view with the interior building Jn i cl! eet Figure 79 Interior of resort Figure 80 Courtyard of Taj hotel Source: Complex Taj Resort Rishikesh /yh 2 Retrieved from: archdaily com 35|PThis architecture evolved in response to the rugged mountain topography. The complex is located on a heavily contour site so we have a significant level difference in each floor. The designer designed the entire complex in such a way that every suite gets its private view of hill and river from its window. Figure 81 Site view of the resort Source: Complex Tay Resort Rishikesh /vh 2 Retrieved from: archdaily.com 2.6.5.1 Inferences + Separate entry for VIP suites * VIP suites far from standard suites. * Each and every suite get the views + Universally accessible * Use of locally available materials * Underground house-keeping service + Dual access of kitchen to restaurant and banquet © Different hierarchy of road width with type of roads + (NH=12m, access road=6m, pedestrian=3m, access to other spaces=1.5m) 2.6.6 Isha Foundation: Isha foundation is a spiritual center located at Velliangiri Foothills, Coimbatore. This huge complex is founded by Sadh guru. The design team includes Auroville Earth Institute (AVE!), Isha design team and Sadh guru. From the entire complex I've selected Dhyana Linga Meditation center for case study purpose. 361?Figure 82 Interior of Dhyana Linga Figure 83 Site plan of Isha Foundation ‘Source: Isha Fowxdauon/Sandhgure Dhyana Linga is a multi-religious meditation shrine created exclusively for the purpose of meditation. The dome of 22. 16m diameter and rise of 790m.lt’s a dome shaped structure with an accommodating capacity of 10,000 people at a time. It built up area is 82000 sq ft. This is constructed in 1999. Figure 84 Floor plan of Dhyana Linga Source: Isha FoundauowSandhgura The designer segregated the entire complex with 3 zones i.e., public, semi-public and private zones. Thorana act like a gateway or the entrance for the complex. Beside the Thorana it has steps for seating purpose. In order to enter into the complex, we have to go through 3 steps which indicates the 3 Guans of human body. After the steps we have to go through the series of pillars like corridor in order to enter Meditation hall. 37|PageFigure 85 Materials used for the resort Figure 86 Series of column for the entrance Source: Isha Foundation’ Sadh guru The meditation hall is a dome shaped structure without any pillars. It is constructed by sun dried bricks; the supporting structural elements are constructed with laterite stones and flooring is done by granite stone. Figure 87 Aerial view of the medtation center Source: Isha Foundation’Sandhgurn 2.7 Area Programming: Administration block: Spaces Users Time Sa Case St! Case St; Case St Case St: Own Asses Capacity Total Security Office 2 3 1 3 Help Desk 1 4 7 2 4 2 Parking 162 50810 Check Point 1 0 1 Drivers Lounge 5 20 1 100 Drop Out Point 1 Reception 2 "1 4 6 28 1 3 Entrance Lobby 10 4 4 30 38|PageWaiting Lobby Pantry Store ‘Shop Table 6 Adin Block ‘Administration User Lobby 5 Admin Room 5 Manager 3 Room Accountant = 3 Room Conference 10 Hall Pantry Certification Trainer Cabin 3 Practise Hall 30 Classroom 30 7 Office spaces ‘Space Staff Quarters Staff Restroom Pantry Changing Room Lockers Toilets ‘Accommodation Lobby HVAC Store Electrical Room Single Room Twin Room Dormitory Laundry Room Pump Room 20 12 Time Case | Case Saver Study Study 2 Study 3 22 78 06 28 User Standard 20 20 10 5 1 1 5 1 165 2 195 8 48 5 2 58 Case 75 73 5 4 2 2 4 4 Case Own 5 78 Study 4 Assessment Case St Case St Case St Case St Own 1 22 43 43 43 2 12 10 3 20 4 7 1 140 5 1 5 4 1 4 1 1 1 0 0 Capacity Total 7 1 78 2 6 1 3 1 24 1 5 30 90 1 135 1 5, 8 2 6 Capacity Total Assessment 20 1 200 2 1 2 5 1 5 43 3 43 43 20 43 43 2 10 1 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 16 70 1120 20 100 2000 6 30 1800 25 1 25 5 1 5 39|PaTable 8 staff andl accommodations Space User Dining Hall 100 Serving Area 10 Kitchen 15 Store ‘Common Toilet Washing Area ‘Youa Block Lobby 20 Yoga Space 500 Meditation Space 500 Naturopathy 2 Room Massage Room 2 ‘Sound Meditation 4 Prayer Hall 100 Library 30 Exhibition Room 30 Gymnasium 20 Salon 20 ‘Sauna 30 ‘Swimming Pool Restaurant 50 Table 9 Recreational spaces Time Saver 3 4 16 8 Case Case Case Case. Study 1 Study2 Study3 Study 4 5 3 5 4 43 43 2 5 43 6 3 3 8 30 3 25 9 25 9 10 10 " 38 38 55 8 4 35 5 25 * Total area = 2904.6sqm * Approximate area= 3000 sqm * 30% circulation space= 900sqm * Total carpet area= 3000+900=3900sqm * 50% ground coverage= 1950sqm * Landscaping area= 1950*2=3900sqm * Minimum site area approx.= 1950+3900=5850sqm * So, after calculation the minimum site area that would be required is approximately 6000sq.m Own Assessment 43 03 10 08 56 25 Capacity Total 430 750 43 43 20 2300 ‘4000 270 270 200 400 114 114 110 80 400 560 125 40|P3 SITE SELECTION AND ANALYSIS: 3.1 SITE SELECTION The site is located in Uttarakhand, known for center of health tourism. Uttarakhand state has been divided by its landscape i.e., plane and contour. My site is particularly located in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand and it falls in between the route to Karnprayag from Rudrprayag. The site is heavily contoured and connected by national highway. The national highway is 12m wide and connects Rudraprayag to Karnprayag. The site is ‘surrounded by hills side by and Alaknada river. In the close proximity of 6km radius this site has a small-scale school, an emergency hospital, a domestic airport and market complex. Before the site selection there were a few residential blocks were present on the site so | have relocated them to the westem side of the site. Figure 91 Faciluies available near the location Figure 89 Chamolt district 41|Page3.1.1 SITE PROXIMITY Figure 92 Proximity with respect to the site Figure 93. Various location with respect to the location @ 42|Page3.1.2. SITE DEATILS: + Site Area: 43230 sq. m (10.68 Acre) + Max. Ground coverage: 40% (16892 Sq. m) + FSELS + Max. Built-up Area: 64846.5 Sq.m_ Front Set back: 12m + Setback other sides: 5m + Max. Height Allowed 15 m Figure 94 Google map image of the siteSTRENGTH RTO eto) OPPORTUNITY UE SeW i) + Location + Some areaare + Generationof ++ Earthquake zone Wanmeeaay heavy contoured revenue for Vv + Exterior Views — locality + Flooding Zone a construction + Employment for wo | Reker local people + Nearby Market errpvemert + Absence OF fernme Similar Project an Figure 95 SWOT analysis 3.2 CLIMATIC DATA Figure 96 Temperature information Figure 97 Solar temperature information Figure 98 wind direction3.3 SITE AND SLOPE ANALYSIS: 45|PageSEMI NOISE ZONE , SILENCE ZONE | Y NOISE ZONE I LESS VENTILATED ZONE Figure 100 Wind flow analysis Figure 101 Noise analysis WELL-LIGHTED ZONE { LESS LIGHTED ZONE Figure 102 Solar radiarion 46 |4 DESIGN PROPOSAL 4.4 CONCEPT: My project is inspired by the circle of life. It wll be a space that inspire users to grow and be born again through the harmonization of mind, body and spirit. The first thing that come to my mind, when | think about life circle is Flower of Life. My target groups is mostly elderly citizen, so through this project | want to provide them some refreshment in life. ‘The flower of Life symbolises the life circle and also considered in sacred geometry. From there it proceed to the overlapping circles and connect between the sides. From there | come to an end at a triangle shape which will reflect in my meditation and yoga space. Elements considered for public space to be effectives and interactive * un Ee ae RELATION WITH CONTEXT ACCESS FOR EVERYONE PEOP! Space should compliment the context eign should not distinguish between people CENTRAL NUCLEUS SAFETY / : ‘TRIANGULATION ‘Space must have a centre of interest ‘Space should compliment the context External tule romping strangers to interact, Figure 103 Elements to be considered for practicing public places more interactive3 g & 5 zZ . ze Ee : ge za | 6 se f z FE t 2 go é G8 : ‘| i § s pli : § oe 2 Bgis s A u : Ae es i ey «bbe E l. ig a ge = x z 3 I Way il 2 i ANNAN a if : 3 j4.3 SITE LOCATION AND DETAILS: 2 193022 sqaa Max. ground 50% 26 covernge FAR 18 03 Paiking —«LSOECS 24 Ground 96511 13226 sqm Covernge Bilt up ara 30240 Figure 107 Site location and details The site is located in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand which falls in between Rudraprayag and Kamaprayag. With the proximity of 6 km it has residential pockets, a school, a hospital and a domestic airport. This shows the views of 3 slides of the site. The site area is 47 areas. It is accessible by NH road which is 12 m wide and a minor road of 3m wide goes till the end of the site. Figure 108 Site Section 49\4.4 SITE ZONING: Figure 109 Sue zoning In this site zoning, it is taken various zones into considerations like public, private, buffer and silence zones. In public zones, outsiders are allowed to use the facilities that are being provided like spa, restaurant and exhibition. In private zones, the visitors who come to stay in the center which completely covers the accomodate sheet. Then comes the buffer zone where a therapy garden and water body is provided to create a travel distance of 150-200 to reach the OAT where the main activities like meditation and yoga will ake place. The OAT is located in the silence zone. When we do meditation the surroundings needs to be calm so that we could focus easily. 50|Page4.5 SITE PLAN © YOGA+ Figure 110 Site plan The site plan starts from the drop-off point connects the wellness centre and restaurants. The restaurants can be access from the exit road which is also the service road. For outsiders the service road acts as the access road to restaurant block. The service road performs the services like loading, unloading and collecting wastes for the restaurants. From the entrance, outsiders can access wellness centres which further leads to the parking spaces. This is a same situation for both wellness centres and restaurant block. From drop-off poin, we are entering to admin block which is divided into 2 separate activities. From there the pedestrian path started and the vehicular movement. stopped. By crossing the admin block we come to central junction. From that particular point, inmates can access to different accomodation blocks, wellness center and dining halls. 51[Page4.6 SITE PLAN - Accommodation: Figare 111 On ite vehicular movement Coming to the accommodation zone where it is divided into 3 zones based on their locations and amenities provided. In the first zone, it has single cottages and twin villas in the very last side of the site. The villas are getting the more privacy from any of them, the travel distance to dining hall and OAT is less. Second zone consist of single/twin sharing accomodation more like hotels. There are in the middle of the site. The privacy is less than the cottages,and the travel distance also increased simultaneously. Third zone have dormitories. These building have very less privacy and located far from dining and OAT. The orientation of the villas are such that the bedroom and living room space get the solar radiation without any interuption which is S-W to S-E. The hotels and dormitory blocks orientation are placed true to south and these are divided from solar radiation analysis from the site 52|Page4.7 SITE PLAN - Vehicular Movement PARKING SECONDARY EXIT DROP-OFF POINT #22 2IDE oncom ‘MAIN ENRANCE «- am WDE snes DROP OFF POINT nWIDE, LOADING! [UNLOADING ne EN NATIONAL HIGHWAY __. MAIN EXIT-+ SERVICE ENTRY Figure 112 Site plan and accommodation The main highway which connects the site that is 12m wide. This the main access Toad to the site and the main entrance point. From that point the main vehicular movement starts which is nearly about 9m wide connects the different building blocks where outsiders are allowed. The inmate needs to come to the centred junction to access the different accomodation block which road width is 5 m. From the secondary road, there comes a tertiary road of 3m wide which connects the different blocks of accomodation. In the garden area, a pedestrian path of 2m wide is provided. From there a 6 m wide connects the OAT. 53|P4.8 SITE PLAN — Pedestrian Movement Pees af: PATHWAYS i> ~ —A8m 28 WOODEN BRIDGE e SECONADRY .i22.NIDE RoaD 2285 [PEDSTRIAN PRIMARYROAD) {22.8 Pe PRIMARY ROAD Hema: PRIMARY ROAD RAL) vom me Coma logue Dariways 285 | seconnaRy roa bn 20% peDSTIAN On site pedestrian movement This central pathway leads us to a therapy garden which acts like a buffer zone for inmate to give a smooth transition between accomodation and yoga centers. It has been planned to collect the surface run-off water to be collected in a water body. This water can be used in various activities throughout the site. Also it will act as a landscape element. After crossing the garden we are reached at OAT where main activities of this project, yoga and meditation will be performed. The orientation of the OAT is towards N- E side which is generally considered as the God's place in Vastra-Sastra. This is located completely silence zone with water flowing in Background and back drop view of hills. All of these will help in meditation. At the very end of the site some temples are provided for spiritual practice. The temple can be seen from both inmates and outsiders that are people seating in the OAT and the yoga trainer. The orientation of the temple is tumed east direction which is also done considering the Vastushatra. 54|P