Prepared by:

Marites M. Roh
 Is a literary device that
enhances the meaning of
What are figures of
speech? written and spoken
words.

https://literaryterms.net/figures-of-speech/
 is a word or phrase using
figurative language that
What are figures of
speech? has other meaning than
its normal definition.

https://literaryterms.net/figures-of-speech/
  is a word or phrase that is used
in a non-literal way to create an
effect. This effect may be
rhetorical as in the deliberate
What are figures of
arrangement of words to
speech? achieve something poetic, or
imagery as in the use of
language to suggest a visual
picture or make an idea more
vivid.
https://literarydevices.net/figure-of-speech/
https://www.google.com/search?q=figures+of+speech&hl=en&sxsrf=ALeKk02SRkvjgnbWp29lkDM-
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 Repetition of an initial
consonant sound.
is focused on the sound of a
1..Alliteration word and not the letters in the
word.
 Examples:
1. The ventriloquist varied his
voice very well.
2. Peter Piper picked a peck of
1..Alliteration pickled peppers.
3. David’s dog drunk dirty
water down by the dam
 is derived from the Latin
phrase assonare, meaning to
answer with the same sound.
2. Assonance is the repetition of the same
or similar vowel sounds
within words, phrases, or
sentences.
 Examples:
1. Even elephants enjoy eating eggs every
day.
2. All Adam ate in August was apples and
almonds.

2. Assonance 1. I wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o‘er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze…
-Wordsworth: Daffodils
 - is a repetition of both vowel and
consonant sounds.

Examples:
1. Evening light flickers and will fade over the
3. Rhyme holiday parade.
2. See you later, alligator.
3. In a while, crocodile.
4. And will you succeed? Yes you will indeed!
(98 and ¾ percent guaranteed).

http://www.literarydevices.com/rhyme/
Assonance or I find this grind of coffee in a
rhyme? line of fine brands on the shelf.
 refers to words whose
pronunciations imitate the
sounds they describe.
4. Onomatopoeia
 is used to increase the senses
or describe a situation without
the use of further words.
 Present in sounds animals make:
Dogs bark, ruff, woof, arf, and howl.
Cats meow, hiss, and purr.
Frogs croak, chirp, and ribbit.
4. Onomatopoeia
Cows go moo.
Horses neigh and whinny.
Lions roar.
The rooster goes cock-a-doodle-do!
 Present in sounds made by
water:
Rain pitter-patters, drip-drops, and rat-a-
tats on the tin roof.
4. Onomatopoeia Creeks babble and churn.
Lakes ripple.
Rivers rush.
Oceans crash, roar, and thunder against
the shore.
 Is a rhetorical device which
means repetition of the same
5. Anaphora word or phrase at the
beginning of successive
clauses or verses.
 From the Greek: ἀναφορά,
meaning"carrying back“.
5. Anaphora is a literary device that allows
writers to convey, emphasize,
and reinforce meaning.
 From the Greek: ἀναφορά,
meaning"carrying back“.
5. Anaphora is a literary device that allows
writers to convey, emphasize,
and reinforce meaning.
 1. "I needed a drink, I needed a lot of life
insurance, I needed a vacation, I needed a
home in the country. What I had was a coat,
a hat and a gun."
(Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely)

5. Anaphora 2. I wish I may; I wish I might.

3. Great haste makes great waste.
4. We came, we saw, we conquered.
(translated from Latin, attributed to Julius Caesar in letter to
Roman senate)
 comes from a Greek word
meaning “crossed,” and it
refers to a grammatical
6. Chiasmus structure that inverts a previous
[kee·az·muhs] phrase. That is, you say one
thing, and then you say
something very similar, but
flipped around.

https://literaryterms.net/chiasmus/
 - Is a verbal pattern in which the
second half of an expression is
6. Chiasmus balanced against the first but
[kee·az·muhs] with the parts reversed.
- often uses parallelism.
 is an ancient literary device, as
old as Hebrew scripture and
ancient Greek verse. Its use in
English literature is often a
6. Chiasmus callback to those ancient
[kee·az·muhs] origins, but just as often, it's
used as a simple way to add
emphasis to a particular pair of
phrases.
 1. "Your manuscript is both good and
original; but the part that is good
is not original, and the part that is
6. Chiasmus original is not good.“ (Samuel
[kee·az·muhs]
Johnson)
 2. "Nice to see you, to see you, nice!"
(British TV entertainer Bruce Forsyth)

3. 'Bad men live that they may eat and drink,

whereas good men eat and drink that
they may live.'
6. Chiasmus Socrates (fifth century B.C.)

[kee·az·muhs] 4. He knowingly led and we followed blindly.

5. She has all my love; my heart belongs to
her.
 6. Ask not what your country can
6. Chiasmus
[kee·az·muhs] do for you; ask what you can do
for your country. (John F. Kennedy, 1961)
 literally means “opposite” – it is
usually the opposite of a
statement, concept, or idea.
is a pair of statements or images
7. Antithesis in which the one reverses the
other (in literary analysis).
is written with similar
grammatical structures to show
more contrast.
 1. That’s one small step for a man –
one giant leap for mankind. (Neil
Armstrong, 1969)

2. To err is human; to forgive, divine.

7. Antithesis (Alexander Pope)

3. You are easy on the eyes

Hard on the heart. (Terri Clark)
 Antithesis Chiasmus

1. To err is human; to 1. One should live to eat,

forgive divine. not eat to live.
- Alexander Pope -Cicero

Are chiasmus and

antithesis same?
2. Folks who have no vices 2. Quitters never win and
have very few virtues. winners never quit.

-Abraham Lincoln
 A figure of speech in which
incongruous or contradictory
terms appear side by side.
8. Oxymoron
is a figure of speech that puts
together opposite elements.
 I s derived from the Greek
phrases oxus and mōros,
8. Oxymoron meaning a mix of “sharp and
keen” and “dull and dumb.”
 I s derived from the Greek
phrases oxus and mōros,
8. Oxymoron meaning a mix of “sharp and
keen” and “dull and dumb.”
 We use many oxymoronic
phrases in everyday speech,
Why use oftentimes to add some
Oxymoron? humor to an otherwise
ordinary sentence.
 Example 1:
For instance, imagine a
That’s my adult woman who has a thirty-five
child. Poor thing year old son who still lives in
still can’t get
himself into the her attic, playing video games
real adult world. and refusing to get a real job.
An oxymoronic name for him
could be used in this way:
 "act naturally," "original copy,"
"found missing," "alone
together," "peace force,"
Oxymoron "definite possibility," "terribly
pleased," "ill health," "turn up
missing," "jumbo shrimp,"
"alone together," “pretty ugly”
 -is a statement that contradicts
itself, or that must be both true
9. Paradox and untrue at the same time.
 "War is peace."
"Freedom is slavery."
9. Paradox "Ignorance is strength."
(George Orwell, 1984)
  The use of words to convey the
opposite of their literal
meaning.
10. Irony  A statement or situation where
the meaning is contradicted by
the appearance or presentation
of the idea.
 1. Water, water everywhere, nor
any a drop to drink.

10. Irony 2. A pilot has a fear of heights.

3. The police station gets
robbed
Now, compare
paradox,
oxymoron, and
irony.
THANK YOU!