INTRODUCTION

Nigeria is a complex society with a rapid growing population of roughly 200 million people. The country has around
500 different languages and 250 distinct ethnic groups. Thus, uniting these complex groups into one unified
political entity since the amalgamation of the country in 1914 proved difficult. Comparatively, Nigeria is one of the
secured and peaceful nations in the West African sub-region; however, contemporarily, this endowed nation
suddenly plunged into waves of kidnapping and other heinous crimes such as armed robbery and banditry. The
phenomenon has escalated and led to numerous lives lost, which also crippled socio-economic activities.
Generally, as enshrined in chapter 2, section 14(2b) of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, the security of lives and
property is one of the primary responsibility of the state.

Globally, the criminal phenomenon and behavior such as kidnapping, is not new. It‟s a worldwide phenomenon
with criterial differences and scenarios. In the Nigerian context, prior to 1990s, the issue of abduction was rare,
and it has not been reported in the Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and Operation of Criminal
Justice System conducted in 2002 by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,(Obarisiagbon and Aderinto,
2018). The current wave of kidnapping in Nigeria started on 25th February 2006 by the abduction of expatriates
working for the oil companies in the Niger Delta area. Kidnapping displayed as an open message to the world for
many years of injustice, marginalization, alienated, and underdevelopment of the area (Akpan, 2010). Since then,
the menace becomes boldly commercialized in several parts of the country.

CAUSES OF KIDNAPPING IN NIGERIA

1. ABJECT POVERTY: The poverty situation in Nigerian is another reason that triggered people to partake in the
kidnapping. They view it as a means of exit from the track of poverty for riches. These is because when an
individual is kidnapped, a huge ransom is being demanded, and until that ransom is delivered to the kidnappers,
the kidnappee will never be released to his people. When the kidnappers secured the ransom, they suddenly turn
rich compared to their former miserable poverty state (Umez, 2000).

2. CORRUPTION AND FRAUD: Corruption and fraud are two associated factors that contribute enormously to
economically motivated kidnapping in contemporary Nigeria. The Nigerian leader's corrupt influences must have
ignited vices such as kidnapping in the country.

3. POLITICAL INFLUENCE: There is no gainsaying in the fact that lots of politicians in Nigerian are hungry for power
and are indeed resolute to kill in order to acquire power by all means. The incidence escalations of political
assassinations in the country is transparent that most politicians turn evil, by kidnapping fellow Nigerians for ritual
purposes and political assassinations to attain their goals.

4. JOBLESSNESS: As the wise-adage goes, “An idle mind is the devil's workshop.” In Nigeria, many unemployed
youths are poverty afflicted and usually find comfort in heinous crimes such as kidnapping because they are
unemployed and poor in the sense that school drop-out and graduates roam around the streets, both unemployed
for years. (Ugwuoke, 2011).

5. QUICK MONEY SYNDROME: According to Dodo (2010), “one of the causes of kidnapping in Nigeria is the rich-
quick syndrome,” Most Nigerians are not willing to strive. At the same time, survival of the fittest is the norm in
contemporary Nigeria. Thus, you cannot harvest what you did not plant. Most Nigerian youths are people with big
dreams; through richquick syndrome without working, they decide to achieve those dreams upon kidnapping for
ransom.
PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM OF KIDNAPPING IN NIGERIA

1. SIM CARD REGISTRATION: The service providers have to re-check their policy effectively to ensure every line is
registered before it started working, that will enable them to track in and out-going call by every customer in the
Network, as well as track their location using GPS network, in order to traced and intercede every call from the
kidnappers and track their location which is detectable by the network provider. After all, the perpetrators used
phone-based operation for negotiation of ransom.

2. QUITTING RANSOM PAYMENT: The kidnappee's family should refrain from paying ransom in desperation and
delays a little longer or quit the ransom payment to the kidnappers because it often serves as a motivational
element for the perpetrators to keep exploring in the vicious act.

3. PUBLIC AWARENESS AND EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMS: The three arms of government, particularly the federal
government, should embark on a public awareness campaign on the need to shun kidnapping. Less-privileged
inclusion in the Poverty alleviation programs, especially in the rural areas, will ease the economic hardship as well
as the Establishment of Micro-industries in the rural areas to empower the youths. This will re-locate the attention
of youths away from kidnapping.

4. JOB CREATION: The issue of the death penalty as a panacea to the menace of kidnapping by some affected
states in the country is not peculiarly enough and only solution, because some criminals are willing to change, such
as those that embark into the kidnapping act as the only means of survival. Therefore, the government and other
relevant agencies need to come up with a jobs creation scheme for idle minded graduates and provide a
productive business environment that will attract investors to invest in order to restructure and re-configure safety
for a better and productive society.

5. NEW POLICY ADOPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION: The Nigerian government should endorse a strict anti-
kidnapping law, where kidnapping should be indicted as a capital offense, though kidnappings are of different
types and levels. Therefore, punishment should be assigned accordingly.

REFERENCE

Umez, B. N. (2000). Nigeria: real problems, real solutions. Umez: Lagos.

Obarisiagbon, E. and Aderinto, A. (2018). Kidnapping and the challenges confronting the

administration of criminal justice in selected states of Nigeria. African Journal of

Criminology and Justice Studies, 11(1): 14–54

Dodo, W. A. (2010). The causes and remedies of kidnapping in Nigeria. The Nigerian Academic

Forum, 19(1): 1–4.

Akpan, N. S. (2010). Kidnapping in Nigeria‟s Niger delta: An exploratory study. Journal of Social

Sciences, 24(1): 33–42.