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    B.Tech. Petrochemical VI Semester 2018-2019

    Uploaded by

    Hatif Alam
    amu question paper

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    (3715) 2018-19 B.TECH. (WINTER SEMESTER) EXAMINATION CHEMICAL/PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS CH 313/PK 313N Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Two Hours Answer all the questions. Start each question and its part thereof from fresh page. ‘Notations used have their usual meaning unless otherwise specified. Use of psychrometric chart and graph paper is allowed. 1(a) _ State the Fick’s first law of diffusion, Write its mathematical form for binary system [05] (A.B). 1(b) Ata particular section of an equipment for absorption of a solute A in a liquid, the [10] bulk gas phase contains 9.5 mol% A and the liquid contains 2 mol% of 4. The gas- film coefficient is k,=10 kmol/(h)(m?)(Ay) and 60% of the mass transfer resistance occurs in the liquid-film. The equilibrium is described by Henry's law, ‘y, =0.85x,. Calculate (a) the overall mass transfer coefficient, K,; (b) the molar flux of 4; and (c) the interfacial concentrations of the solute, x,, and y,,- OR 1"(a) What do you mean by gas phase controlling mass transfer operations? 05] 1'(b) Water (B) at 25 °C, in contact with pure CO2 (A) at 1 atm, flows as a film down a [10] vertical wall 1 m wide and 3 m high at Reynolds number of 25. Using the following properties, estimate the rate of absorption of CO2 into water in kmol/s. Dyy =1.96x10%m’/s; p=1000kg/m?; 4, = 0.89cP Solubility of CO2 in water at 1 atm and 25 °C =3.4%10"* kmol/m? 2 A relatively nonvolatile hydrocarbon oil contains 4.0 mol% propane and is being [15] stripped by direct superheated steam in a stripping tray tower to reduce propane content to 0.2 mol%. A total of 11.42 kmol of direct steam is used for 300 kmol of total entering liquid. Under the prevailing conditions in the tower, the vapor liquid equilibria is described as y = 25x. Determine the number of theoretical stages using Kremser’s equation, OR coe art y 3(a) 3(b) 4(a) 4(b) eos Ninety five percent of the acetone vapor in an 85 vol% air stream is to be absorbed by a countercurrent contact with pure water in a valve-tray column with an overall tray efficiency of 50%. The column will operate essentially at 20 °C and 101 kPa pressure. Equilibrium data for acetone-water at these conditions are: Mole percent acetone in water 3.30 7.20 11.70 17.10 Acetone partial pressure in air, mm Hg | 30.00 62.80 85.40 | 103.00 Calculate: ai (Minimum value of Ls/Gs (ii) The number of equilibrium stages required using a water flow rate 1.25 times the minimum ( Describe the various ways of water loss in a cooling tower. How the make-up rate i) The concentration of acetone in the exit water can be calculated incorporating these losses? Determine the following psychrometric properties of a moist air sample having a dry-bulb temperature 27°C and a humidity of 0.015 kg/(kg dry air) using psychrometric chart. (a) relative humidity (b) dew point (©) adiabatic saturation temperature @ humid volume (© enthalpy Define the following types of the moistures used in the drying operation and show them on an equilibrium diagram i (i) Equilibrium and free moisture i) Bound and unbound moisture A salt solution weighing 10000 kg with 30 wt% is cooled to 20 °C. the salt crystallizes as the dehydrate. If 3% of the total weight of the solution is lost by evaporation of water in cooling, Calculate the yield of NaxCOs.10H20 crystals. The solubility is 21 kg NaxCOs/100 kg of total water. 715) U5] [05] [10] [07] [08] eee ee 3 716) 2018-19 B.TECH. (WINTER SEMESTER) EXAMINATION 7ETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING "TRANSPORT PHENOMENA (CH323/PK323 Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Two Hours ‘Answer all the questions. “Assume suitable data if missing. ‘Notations used have their usual meaning. Q.No. Question MM. (a) Identify the correct alternatives from the following and write them in the answer (05) book. co-1 (j) Critical thickness of insulation for 1. Sphere a) bk 1. Cylinder b) 2k/h c) W2k d) Wh (ii For a given ambient air temperature with increase in the thickness of insulation te of heat ofa hot cylindrical pipe, the rat Joss from the surface would b) increase a) decrease «) first deorease and then inerease 4) first increase and then decrease unsteady state system give rise to ») Algebraic Equation 4) Partial Differential Equation “macroscopic balances" for i) The a) Ordinary DE ©) Differential Algebraic Equation the fluid, it undergoes” b) extent of deformation (iv) When shear stress is applied to a) Rate of deformation ©) Strain 4d) none of these (v) In Hagen-Poiseuille flow through & cylindrical tube, the radial profile of shear stress is Odile 1(b) 1) 2a) 2(@’) -2- 67169) (@)constant —_(b) cubi (©) parabolic @) linear Distinguish between the operators 6/ Ot, d/dt , D/Dt and write their significance. [05] There are two parallel plates some distance apart. Between the plates, water is. CO-1 used at 24°C. The lower plate is pulled at a constant velocity, 0.4 m/s faster relative {to the top plate. How far apart should the two plates be placed so that the shear stress, + is 0.3 N/m?. Also calculate the shear rate. Given: Viscosity of water, = 0.9142 CP Glycerine at 26 °C is flowing through a horizontal tube 1ft long and with 0.1 inch [05] inside diameter. For a pressure drop of 2.76x 10° dyne/cm? ,the volumetric flow rate CO-1 Q, is 0.00398 ft/min .The density of Glycerine at 26 °C is 1.261 ¥/cm? From the flow data .find the viscosity of Glycerine in centipoise end PaS. Check whether the flow is laminar and also find the entrance length. Liquefied gases are sometimes stored in well insulated spherical containers vented to the atmosphere Develop an expression for the steady — state heat transfer rate through the walls of such a container, with the radii of the inner and outer walls being ‘ro! and *ri'resp. and the temperatures atthe inner and outer walls being Ts and T1 Assume that the thermal conductivity of the insulation varies linearly with temperature according to the relation : kak +(ky - kg) (EB eT OR A spherical vessel of radius Ri meters is insulated from outside such that the outside surface of the insulated vessel has the radius Ro .The temperature of the inside and Outside surface of the insulation are T; and To respectively. The ambient temperature is Ta, the convective heat transfer coefficient outside the insulation is he and the thermal conductivity of the insulating material is 'k’ .Determine the outer radius of the insulation for which the rate of heat transfer will be maximum. Derive the expression used and state the assumptions made. codes 1) co- (9) co- 285 2b) 2b) So A copper wire 1.0 mm in diameter, is insulated uniformly with plastic to an outer diameter of 3.0 mm and is exposed to surroundings at 38°C . The heat transfer coefficient from the outer surface of the plastic to surroundings is 8.500 W/mK . ‘What is the maximum steady current, in amperes, that this wire can carry without heating any part of the plastic above its operating limit of 93.°C ? The thermal and electrical conductivities may be assumed constant at values listed below : Kk (WimK) Ke(ohm™ m™ copper, 380 S.A x 107 plastic 0.350 0 OR An electric current of density I ampere is flowing through an electric wire of uniform cross-section with radius ‘R’ and electrical conductivity Ke ohm“tem’, due to electrical dissipation some electrical energy is converted into heat energy. The rate of heat energy production per unit volume is given by , Se = I’/Ke. At the wall To is unknown but the heat flux at the wall is given by Newton's Law of cooling, that is at r=R 5 qrleer= h(T — Tait) Where, Tair is the ambient temperature, which is known. Develop the temperature profile for the above system. Assume the heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivity both to be constant. ‘A reaction is taking place at the catalytic surface as shown in figure below : 3A>B Peoalte ‘The reaction is not instantaneous at the catalytic surface, z= 6 . Assume that the rate at which ‘A’ disappears at the catalyst-coated surface is proportional to the concentration of ‘A’ in the fluid at the interface. That is, (3716) (06) co- 285 [06] co- 2&5 (15) CO-3 ele ei 6716) Naz=ki Ca Where, ki is the rate constant for the psuedo- first order surface reaction . (Obtain the concentration profile for component 'A’ in the above reaction. (ii) Determine the molar flux of ‘A’and write down the significance of the equation obtained. OR 3°(@) _ Identify the correct alternatives from the following and write them in the answer [06] book. co-3 (® Fick's first law of diffusion for the z-direction is @ Ja= Daw St © Ja= © In= Dp St © a= (ii) Component ‘A’ is diffusing in a medium ‘B’. The flux ‘Na’ relative to a stationary point is equal to the flux due to molecular diffusion if (a) mass transfer is accompanied by reaction (b) diffusion of ‘A’ is in stagnant medium ‘B’ (©) molecular mean free path is high @) there is equimolar counter ~diffusion The binary diffusivity in gases at atmospheric conditions is of the order of (a) 10" cm/sec (b) 10% cm/sec © 10em*/sec (@) 107 cm/sec (iv) The binary diffusivity in gases depends on (@) temperature (©) pressure (©) nature of components _(d) all of these (¥) For diffusion of component ‘A’ through a spherical stagnant gas film held at constant temperature and pressure, the governing differential equation for determining the concentration profile of component ‘A’ through the film is : a[r? ax Om ea ar lima ar! see? Ee aierseaey a as Ole el] =° © a [7CDan 4 3(b) Gas consisting of CH« (methane) and He (Helium) is contained in a tube at 4(@) 4b) 101.32 KPa pressure and 298K. At one point, the partial pressure of methane is 0.26 KPa. If the total Pressure is constant throughout the tube, calculate the flux of CHs (methane) at Pai ~60.79 KPa and at a point 0.02 m distance away, pa2 steady state for equimolar counter diffusion. Derive the expression used. Show that friction factor is the function of Reynold's Number. Derive the relation of friction factor and Reynold's Number for laminar flow in a tube. A cylindrical tank of inside diameter 4 m and with a water level of 2 m is to be emptied by draining though a exit hole of radius 3 em . How long will it take to Femove one-half of the contents? How long will it take to empty the tank? What is your conclusion? Derive the expression used. The flow velocity at the exit can be approximated by Torricelli’s law. G79) [09] co. 3&5 [06] cO-4 [09] co. 4&5 (Code 3614) 2018-19 B, TECH. (WINTER SEMESTER) EXAMINATION PETROLEUM STUDIES PETROLEUM REFINING PROC! PK311N Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Answer all questions. Assume suitable data if missing. Notations and symbols used have their usual meaning. QNo. Question co MM. 1(a) Explain in brief thermal conversion processes. Give the advantages of (CO1) [05] catalytic conversion processes over thermal conversion processes. 1(b) Discuss in detail the Visbreaking process for petroleum residues with (CO1) [10] special reference to process flowsheet and operating variables. Elaborate the role and significance of furnace and soaker drum in design, operation and economical aspects. oR 1(b) Describe with neat sketch Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation of Crude (CO1) [10] Oil with special reference to products, products boiling range and product utilization pattern. 2(a) Discuss the technological aspects of FCC with reference to the reactor (CO2) {10} design. OR Why Catalytic reforming processes are gaining importance? What are the main reactions that occurs during catalytic reforming processes? Explain in brief the significance of each reaction in reforming process with reference to process variables used in the proces: one 2(b) 3 4(a) 4(b) 4(b’) Epes What are the various applications of Hydrotreating Processes Explain in brief about any three of the following: (@ _ UOP Butamer Process with the help of neat sketch with reference to feedstock and catalyst. (ii) HF alkylation process with reference to process variables (iii) IFP Dimersol process with merits and demerits. (iv) Importance of Polymerization Processes in a Petroleum Refining Mention the various processing steps in the manufacture of Lube oil with their significance. Mention the main process steps involved in wax deoiling operation. Explain the finishing process for Wax with merits and demerits. OR Describe with the help of a suitable process flowsheet propane deasphalting process. Explain the effect of temperature and solvent to feed ratio on the yield and quality of deasphalted oil (3614) (C02) [05] (CO3) [5x3=15] (cO4) {05} (C04) (10) (C04) 2018-19 (WINTER TERM) 3611 B.TECH. (VI SEM.) END-SEMESTER EXAMINATION PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING NATURAL GAS PROCESSING PK-315N Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: 2 Hours Answer Attempt all the four questions. ‘Assume suitable data if missing. Use of calculator is allowed. Q.No. Question MM. 1(a) Answer any three of the following: (3x3) i. Which of the properties of Natural Gas we have studied so far would you use to compare and distinguish among wet natural gas, dry natural gas, and gas-condensate systems? Explain why. ii. Briefly discuss the activities involved in conventional natural gas exploration and production (activities: exploration; drilling; completion; and production) iii, Briefly compare various methods available to transport natural gas over long distances. iv. In raw gas transport, discuss one preventive technique each for gas-hydrate formation, corrosion, and wax deposition. 1(b) Draw a basic process flow diagram (PED) showing process units in a gas plant for NGL (61 production, and discuss the processing steps to produce sales gas, ethane, propane, butanes, condensate and sulphur. Which units are not present in a gas plant with hydrocarbon dewpointing only? 2(a) Answer the following: (345) i. Enlist the categories of Natural Gas sweetening processes. ii, With help of a typical flow diagram, discuss any amine treatment process for sour natural gas. Is the traditional amine treatment method adequate for treating natural gases with high COz content? (Give reasons.) 2(b) Answer any one of the following: fu} (@ Enlist the phase separation processes for bulk separation as well as fine separations. Discuss the Twister supersonic separator with help of proper diagram. (di) Condensate production involves three steps: water washing, condensate stabilization, and condensate treating, Discuss these steps and show any typical flow diagram for condensate stabil (ii With fetp of flow diagram, discuss any one physical solvent process for gas sweetening. zation. 3(a)__ Answer the followit i. Determine of equilibrium water vapour content in a sour natural gas mixture with 6% hydrocarbon gas (Sp. Gr. is 0.86), 6 mol% HS, and 17 mol% COz contacting with an aquifer that contains 3% of NaCl. The conditions are P = 2000 psi and T= 100 °F. Contd.--2- (s+3] aes 3611 ii, There are several technologies available for gas dehydration (like liquid desiccants, solid desiccants and molecular sieves). Discuss the selection considerations for these technologies. 3(b) Answer any one of the following: 7 (@_ Discuss the conventional TEG (Triethylene Glycol) dehydration process. Draw a typical flow diagram for the process. Mention the roles of inlet filter, absorber, regenerator, flash tank, carbon filter, and exhaust gas treatment, (ii) Answer the following: What is the difference between Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) and N. G. Condensates? Write the salient features of Y-grade NGL. Among the several NGL recovery processes like J-T units, propane refrigeration, lean oil absorption, cascade/mixed refrigeration, and turboexpander. Write some selection considerations for these processes. (iii) Write few sentences to describe any three sulphur recovery processes. Discuss any one of the processes in detail with help of flowsheet. In your discussion, include the reactions involved, their conversions, thermal and catalytic sections, waste and gas treatment (if any). 4 Answer any two of the following: [7%x2} @ ii) Gi) Why nitrogen rejection becomes important for certain Natural Gas? How much is the maximum N2 content specified for typical pipeline gas? With help of a flowsheet discuss the main process units involved in Nitrogen Rejection. Write any two uses of compressors in Natural Gas industry. What are the advantages of reciprocating and centrifugal compressors respectively? Briefly describe the design steps for compressors in terms of (1) determining number of stages and (2) compression power. Write any two benefits of LNG production? With help of a flow diagram, describe any LNG process. Contd « 3611 “60-40-20 0 20. 40 60 80 100120140 160180 200 240 280 80000 80000 60000 60000 40000 40000 20000 20000 10000 10000 8000 2000 4000 g = 2 @ 2000 2000 S £ 3 1000 1000 = ‘p00 200 3 ooo 600 2 400 je 400 2m ( = = Fy E 3 3 100 g 100 $80 2 80 4S 60 2 60 40 S 4 i 20 20 10 10 8 8 fe 6 4 ip 4 2 Wier contents of natural gasos win | 2 Corrections for salinity and relative density. ‘Aller McKelta and Wehe. Hydrocarbon ; processing, August, 1958 ‘ ~60 40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100120 140160180200 240 280 Temperature, “F Figure -1. McKetia and Wehe (1958) pressure-temperature correlation (GPSA, 1998) Cont: 3611 English units H,0 in sour gas * HO in sweet gas 3 3 € equi “ mole % HS + 0.7 x mole % CO, = 2 g 5 e 5 = Figure 2. Water content ratio chart (Wichert and Wichert, 2003). 2018-19 B. TECH. (WINTER SEMESTER) EXAMINATION PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING HETEROGENEOUS REACTION ENGINEERING PK -341A (3608) Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Two Hours Answer all questions. ‘Assume suitable data if missing. ‘Notations and symbols used have their usual meaning. Use of Graph paper and Calculator are allowed. QNo. 1@) 1(b) 1b") Question ‘Answer the following questions: (@) If catalyst is highly active then which form of the solid catalyst is suitable: Monolith catalyst or Porous catalyst? Justify your answer. or Low? Gi) Thermal conductivity of the solid catalyst should be Justify your answer. (iii) State the major steps involved in the selection of “Catalytic Agent’. Classify the different forms of solid catalysts based on the physical structure and suggest their applications with proper reasoning OR In the BET method, the equation (below) describes the relationship between No volume adsorbed at a given partial pressure and the volume adsorbed at monolayer coverage (Vm)- eee c Eke V(po-P) Hee Po [No used to determine the surface area of 1.0 g sample of silica gel ‘The sample was maintained at the normal boiling point of liquid Nz (77K). One molecule of Nz occupies 16.2 « 107° m* area of plane surface. Calculate the specific surface area of silica gel if the results from the BET plot obtained to be as contd co MM. (col) Bx2 = 06) (col) [05] (col) [05] 1 2a) 2b) NNN ET Ee aa 3608) slope = 137486 m® and intercept = 943.5 m®, The saturated vapor pressure po . of Noat 77 K is 101.3 kPa. Differentiate the ‘Adsorption method’ and ‘Ion-exchange method? used in (CO1) [04] the preparation of supported catalysts. Answer ANY TWO from 2(a) to 2(c) (i) The reaction mechanism for the reaction (using solid catalyst) (C02) [04) Ha + Toluene (T) > Benzene (B) + Methane (M) is as follows: T(g) +S -B- Tesi k H@+TS pio Bs+M@) BS --£4 Ba)+s = Assume the surface reaction step is the rate limiting step. The values of overall rate constant (k), adsorption constants Kr and Ky were 1.45 x 10% mol.(g caty's"'atm?, 1.39, and 1.038, respectively. Calculate the ratio of sites occupied by toluene to the sites occupied by benzene at 40% conversion of toluene. (Cor B53} (ii) Deactivation of the catalyst due to the coke formation is expressed as ‘%Coke (Ce) = 0.5 (time)S & Decay rate (rg) = 15aC. Calculate the value of activity, a(t), after 10 minutes of reaction. Jn the case of isomerization of n-pentene to i-pentene over alumina (ie, N (CO2) [7.5] 3% 1), the following rate law was found to be correct: K(Py = 2) oh = CE KyPa + KP where Ky=keke; Ks=kyks; Kp =ke/k; Ki= Ko. These two plausible mechanisms are proposed for this reaction: Mechanism-I Mechanism-II ha ke Nes cB ws Nts oB4 ns contd 20) 3fa) 3a’) 3(b) N.s+5 oH> 1S 1s ota 145 = is ) Which mechanism do you think{corec and why? Proof sh aim. What is “catalyst deactivation by poisoning”? Temperature-time trajectories method (Slow decay): Derive the relation for temperature rise with time to hold a reaction rate at a constant speed. In the case of mass-transfer limitation (due to external diffusion), if a first- order reaction (A > B) is carried out in a packed bed reactor then prove that the expression for the conversion of A would be in( a )= Kee | Lek, U where, ke= mass transfer coefficient; ac= external surface area of catalyst per volume of catalytic bed; L = length of catalytic bed; U = superficial molar average velocity. oR Use the expression given in 3(a) to calculate the conversion of reactant A for the 1* order reaction carried out in a packed bed of cylindrical pallets 0.25 em diameter and 0.5 cm in length when gas-phase velocity of reactant is 15 m/s and temperature is 750 K. {Given: Modified Sherwood number (Sh’) = 1,0(Re’)!(Sc)!4 = Sh.@ / [(1-)Y] where Se = Schmidt number & Y = Shape factor; Modified Reynold number (Re’) = Re / [(1-)Y]; bed porosity (®) = 30%; Das (at 298 K) = 0.69 x 10% m’%s; packed bed length = 0.05 m; kinematic viscosity = 4.5 x 104 m’/s} ‘A first-order reaction was carried out over two different-sized pellets such that external mass transfer resistance was negligible. The results of two experiments (under identical conditions) are given in Table below. Estimate (i Thiele modulus () and internal effectiveness factor (n) for each pellet and (ji) what should be the pellet size to eliminate internal diffusion resistance? 3608) (co2) [7.5] (CO3) [08] (C03) [08] (co3) [07] pe iees he [Given for 1" order reaction: n @1? = 3(:Coth 1 ~ 1] ———— Measured Rate (obs) Pellet Radius (mol/g cat +s) x 10 (m) ——— Run! 30 0.01 Run 2 15.0 0.001 4(a) Answer the following: @) If FQ) = 1-740’) then derive E(t). (ii) Statement “RTD is unique for a particular reactor system but reactor system is not unique for a particular RTD” is True or False? Justify your answer. (iii) For a pulse test, plot E-curve and F-curve for the case shown below for ideal PFR. = 4(b) The data shown in the table below for a liquid phase irreversible second-order reaction (-ra = kC,?) carried out in a real continuous flow reactor at constant temperature. If feed is pure Cao = 8 mol/dm? and k = 0.01 dm*/mol.min then calculate the mean conversion using ‘maximum mixedness model” tiny [0 [0 [30] 50 [ 70 | Wo [ 150 [200 Gi ia | 22 | 456] 263 | 157 | 767 [255 [090 (og/dm’) a EQ) 10.028 | 0.206 | 0.114 | 0.00658 | 0.00393 | 0.00192 | 0.000638 | 0.000225 (min) TO | 1 | 076 [oara| 0278 | 0.74 | 0.087 | 0.024 | 0.003 oR 4(b?) Answer the following: (i) Derive E(t), F(0), and to for a pulse-input (tracer) in the ideal CSTR. (ii) Derive the E(t) function for the ‘Tank-in-Series model (T-I-S model)’ and discuss the importance of T-1-S model. (3608) (CO4) [3x2 = 06] (Co4) (09) (Cos) 2x 45= 09) (3610) 2018-19 B.TECH. (WINTER SEMESTER) EXAMINATION PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING PETROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY - I PK 342 Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Two Hours Answer all the questions. “Assume suitable data if missing. ‘All questions, and parts thereof, be started on a fresh page of the answer book(s). QNo. Question co 1.(a) Describe, in detail, the significance and uses of petrochemicals in our daily

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