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a+ reldas
eal te, Living World
y =e
y Aristotle —> 1St to classify organisms
é Tston 5
r |
vy Plant Animals .
r
» ee
c
rd | J
b Herb rub Tree
b= small I
3 a to i Medium to tal
fg. coriends = medium oF Woody
mint Eg. Tose, ching! Ose Eq. Mango,
,
¥ Atenas Bananan -
- V 3 pacicide J
Anaima —_Egdimag
* >-coloulless Fulid =} Redcolour Fluid ‘+b
RBC ‘='nt RBC «+> pt
“Aristotle = Founder of taxonomy.
= Father of it Sri udiiele
=> Father of Bid a
* Theophrastus + tather of Botany
> Tem lichens Were coined by him
OO = |
f I ve xonomy
* Greek wlord + Tem given by Taxis 6 nomuy
AP Decandole q las
Alvongement Study
(® scanned with OKEN Scanner: asi Taxonomy
STEPS
+> Chatacterisation
2) adentification .
or __DescripHon
3) Classification -
4) Nomendafure .
4 Carolus -Linneaus =
Father OF Taxonomy
= Tuo: Kingdom classifidarion »
Losin
“Taxonomy gucbematics
Greet. Ap De Layin, cordus
Candale \innequs
*characterSaHon Taxonomy
+ ftdentiticarion Srila
+ Classification +
+ Nomendarure
= Taxonomy
+ Phylogeny = Systemat
Cevolution
nistory)
peer
(® scanned with OKEN Scannerlogeny —> evolutionary hietory
—————— Oo
GRw___-O > _Diyopithiauls suggest telationshi
L eieaicta among osaanisiOs «
SR — Ramapithios = ;
U
“Ser = kenyapthicus)
__aetezt = qustalopith ics
Home —
ited
H iam=S 16
4 Habis Etedus Sapians
Catolus: Linnea?
-
Q Kingdom Binomial
Classification nomenclar ure
= __Two_word
plantde. AnimatigNishnu shasta
—_ 2 Wingdomn classitfoatones
Plantae.
RB (gam) “Animalia.
Response to external
Serr = SHS rie re ie
™. (ednohar
Quiotoph ——&_—_—s Mode ef slynition ——s Heterotroph
Leb G@obiya)
Sate Pane fener
Cc (tollage) 4a
Sei eee ee CO ee a
ieee ONC ONOCC nea iite 4
2 == Vole. 4
# Siromfal Nemenclafure, a
: qwo word. : :
1S Word 24 work. i
L A
Represent Represent
J y
Genus Name Specific epithet or species epithet.
\ v 2 é
\St_ jeer ai) leters are writen jn Smal)
Capital \eHers .
Eq Ponthera leo ion)
ei \ Hetts Crigit)
Capital Pardus (pada leoperrd )
ie
Gee (Specific epiiel
(® scanned with OKEN ScannerTS sales ——Cwtitteny printed) =
eh gl re Fepregentatin
SSS ee === SONG
Us universally. accepted
ass undewline” Seperatly (andor HEN)
DO _WhyscGt: Used latin’ language for biologica) son
Scientific name-
z
2)
Because satin iSudead language
©
Rules are Pixed and pot used fn
Common _ConverSakion)
UUUTE GEE EEEES SHE EEE
emangifela Indfca. ifera indica
Printed Hand written
ed 2 Books are eral
as 1 v
= Systemgq naturae species plantarum
= for Nomenclature of animals: For pigntS= \1s3
-y
L® / > Homo sapiens Usa uuHome Sapiens.
/ ci ‘
Gi Musca Gon esticg _museq domestica
1SF edition -1136
10 edition — |15@ C Most
accepted )
-~
(® scanned with OKEN Scanneras May 2023
Thursday
ines tus e
FistoH® Se
Sy SF scientific atremer te |
Classify organisms _
[> study anquage = greek
> Pionts 4 Animals | SPI
= Founder of taxonom
> study langues e - latin
S Father of taxonomy _
19
2 kingdom _¢ classiFicar
n-
antae & Animalya
* All the names of animals
“se or lo eqition of Syste
invalid .
Fe AN the Hames oF plants whido were
1153 were __ invalid -
4 Binomial Nomenclature.
Genus + Species + “Authdts Name
“ -
*qlways witen after Specific epithet.
« fh abbeviated Porm.
Linn.
*e
written in Simple of Roman letters.
which were given peFo
ma Nakurae Were
given bepore
:
Or
Buthdt?s citation
© s
“+ Name of Althour Neither written in
Seperaty underlined .
itallics nor
e
Cs
a
re
rs
-
te
=
=
a
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. ] = :
Q= Becaise_ _persons nom @ not qlways belong
== TUES
id +o. Latin county “a
2 che “11, p *, y
v.. mango __ mang) few indica. tin Mangifssa indica Linn
» a — — = =
2 a
@ cn 8 tntemational. code fot Botanical Nomenclature
Ss 7
w TCLN: thternationdl code of] Zodoqical__ Nomenclature
i TCNB: International code for Nomendature of Bacerfa.
ne: Caeqories + 1 dbliqake Cafeqories = Ran.)
~ (hing) K_— Kingdom —
cpnilip ) Ps phylum (Animals) | oivision (plants)
& (come) C => GOSS i i
& Lover) 0 =* order
Cor) _ F => Family
iGo) cGee Gen aa sa
SO Gop) SS ~——_gpeces <
Be saxon : TR
= —__ Cup — category =
5 Gaon) =o 5 5
= see | ipa
= © FX
: + Taxon Can belongs +0 any category / Rank. .
(® scanned with OKEN ScannerTAXON, category
4
Deals with real objects | am
Real { Absttact
= center wih rank
“
£
£
Belongs 10 any tank sone palHuulcrr fank-
K\ = Highest Si
Ceo pe \ea ip Tia
Sree
ae
2 ih \ Lowest 3
ae) VS animal & plont -Cess_mnilaw Fes)
27 y 7 ‘ Cemiariies wil 4 )
Es 5
oy
Saas
\ =
L 3 er Core semmilaries) ~
# Taxon of ower categories have more similarities.
co
al
e
e
.
=
a
e
=
a
e
e
o
»
s
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C = related Spedes based on distinct momholog|coty.
i chamwackers
AK\ Y Animal le ned Fid
LP.
Ome oe
a
wy / Ph t i
= e =
a/ G \W
fs =byccat (mare specificity ) ia
AN
re
san iC Specifies: 4
g 0 &
SimilaniHes aw SimiBIhes
[ECE
eso
+ xt is easy to establish telation bel” taxon of lower
cafegories .
QO Species
Grup of organism with pubde mental Smilatites .
Gody fam, behavious ) .
+ Biological species concepts Ernst Mayinn. +
Le “Mast accepted
A_gfoup_of individual or potentially interbreeding population
Fhdt dre reproductively isolated ftom other such “group.
(® scanned with OKEN Scannerqeup PORE
Gro - | -*O.O50
ae See oe O202 0 "
CSeomG ODS
_ MembeTs of qroup' A’ can |
interbreed and produce
Members of group” B’ can
“interbreed and produces
fertile offepring
‘Fertile offspring
Horse x Donkey Tiger ee Lion
I
C =
Hinny . Mule 2g Tiqon Lige’
WS SOF
@ Genus =,
peat * Group of Closely rere epecies
2 Represent common _ancestory..
Lion Tiger Leo
(eo) Chigris ) 2 CRurdus
of)
Panthera (Gens)
Felis
Jungle cat Fishing cat qodent Cat
errennan eid Ae Nadal sbehpleine
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~~
© canis
4 L a ira me =
Ree sDoge wolf
» 2 7
e_
Solanuen, —
a ea a
Potato Brin{al Make}
Qe May 2023 Tect-05 —
Friday =
Felidae
Pantherd Fells
zt 4 ZA iN
Ey saan zi ) aN
us tigers leopard golden Fishing , jungle
cat Car cag
canidae
canis
N
( [ay
Dog , wolf, .jacka
Op aw eu |
@ Family pale idal
“+ Group of Closely Felaed Genus is Catledias Family
# Based on Vegetative and Teprmoduictive fearures |
> Sojahaceae Ss
D ee S
Ohadura Petunig solanum,
q
VV PWR WD sd ssisd dd ddd dddddaes
Potdld Brinjw Mako
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3
‘ Oia Ss iy 2 S
_ Ohahuta Peuniq > Solanun
zi 3 fn
z Potato Banja marol
Order
€ * Group of Csely related Pornily iS called 08
> oder: EMOT Siemens
_. Cypmivota : : ao
ees \ a =
Felidae canidae
Al
/ 5
Pantheta Felis canis
sy
lion Hager leopard cats Dog iFacka) wol F
Polymonial
on the basis
golanaceae OF Hosal chavade” canyolucediers | =
K
5) \ aN
0 PawiioSe es |
DatuYa petunia _solaram z Sea
ay Tea
Potato geinjal Miakoj Sweet potato
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) Class:
~~ Goup.of_desely_relared Orde ts coved as
[md Class.
~ >émammndliay =
~ [Saaz
~ carnivord pen
~~»
—@reldae 2 canidae eee
= AN i
= — J
=e _fanthesa Felis canis Homo
7 5 aN { a )
me Jim Hget eo cats oq, wolf Jackal Humans
-
GS animaia | Animalia Plantae —(|- Plantae
So/p— chotdora arthmpoda: ANgiOspesMm —_| Anglospewn
C=mammalid_ } tnsecta DCO manccok
@ o—psimata | viprewa —sepndlé™ poales
= F—Homonidae|Muscaidae Anacandiaceae Poaceae
=@ G—= Homo MuUSCO retire Tritiaun)
—@ s—yuman (USCA Domesical mangifera indica | Triticum cestivun
-@ Homo Sqpian| “HouseHy “manger wll Cou
a
‘= Jaxonomical aids.
re J
ip Study Of diwvesity Help
- ua
i» Need specimens / model
2 sient
2 Beal mode)
spedmeh. organism :
S
-
(® scanned with OKEN ScannerTH tequires extensive” Field work as well as Tabeatory
work. |
Taxonomical Aid
v
Sees
JOP ~
Cpe =
SS ove fonew protection of entire area
Habitalr
which have conditions
similar to narural = _
EX-sity > SSsf Cay
le cL aawaeanht
habitar
£ ane ‘Taxonomical Aid) vi
CON Servartan > Presetvation
Vv .
lIlving_ organtsm collection OP dead
i organism...
——— ee ——
y se | 2 \
plants Ex-situ Preservation
é (vead)
collect et"? indy
Ory fete me
=> press ‘Antfungle —covectors name s
=> pdson (HgCle) Haak oF coil” | 167
> Mount
=z Deposit p> Morphology.
=r DOT Spey Vv
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“S} _uick source _of reference -
> _ Repository sfor Furure- =
Ps tenia —————
Emip> Herbarium are associated with botanical garden.
W + sheets are deposlle according to universally “accepted
~ gysteMy qiven by _canthaks-G sjookea
we OF classification
Se 27 May D028 (ech-04,
pw Saturday ;
>
=
=~
® Caoranicel Garden
= : i
Ex-5ity conservation
Cliving plant Specimen)
Ny
Plants.
penal =
5) Purposes EdentFication
|
SEs fondly name
Se pGenus name :
“Time Alas SiN len aN at |
Examples ¢ fotanical Garden
Bhartiya
Loves = Liyod Botgnicad "GarelenyDareeling
N — National gotanicol , qgrden_, Lucknow .
R ~ Royal Botanical Garden Kew Enaland
xr - thdian botanical Garden , Howrah .
4
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Plants eer __ Preservation
EG (ead specimen)
animals SSS ig
at wer Preservation Dn) Preservarion -
Kingdom 1 Formalin is
BS
For Small F: __ Foo lage
_pyiPoses z ApiMas F ___ Animas
‘educational? oO —* collect > i aa -
ce 4 ___ stuffing
Hrs — 4
= = Eq : Insects.
@ (oologicad pats fzo5y
SL ;
ay i
Animals \ Ex-sittl conservation
~ _ (Living organism) @7
=> Protection of wfld animal ah
=> conditions similar fo Natulal habitat:
+ _ observe / undérstand food habits and
behaviour
= is
Plants sit Sn
Animals mast ‘préeervarion
Lk le lo de e494
(& Scanned with OKEN Scanner= tis lfst op charackersa Pot identification. :
Based of similares and dissimilarities
= They. are “generally, Occurs. 1p pair. coupler)
= Each Stament op Key iS called as Lead.
men Contrasting.
1S
> Analytical eel
i = By the help of Hey WE can select one organism
} dnd reject another i
> soprake jaconomio Hey iS tequired For geprase Faxonernic
i category -
5 Fraxonomical did \—- Books —
js a c ZL Vv
Flora Manual Mong yanh Catalogue
wy i at. i
Vrow chatader Many -characer™ TS = Sequential
a = study of Single arrangement of
Paapitat pistsbution= taxon or category names of all
> epeci€S inarea
» Che) Vv - an
complet€ ae eS Plants +
__aligpeci#s NaN Animas.
aiea.
(identification)
yrrrprer
(& Scanned with OKEN ScannerCharacrerS. OF Living
sbservable on - observable
@= Growth | But nodefining M1 = Metabolism
R—> Reproduction J recture of jiving R—> Replicakion
O-observable 0 = organisation
SS Sensitivity
(berining Feature \—=4
| :
feu J
=F @ nr SSeSeremns
v = v 2
oor living loo “Je NON fiving
4F Growth 4F =
> Enctease in number and body mass are Hwin characer OF ~~ y
Towth ? a4 =
Gio Se 3
— 42 =
Se eros © ee =
Sere 4 We, cmt
= All living organism can _gtow) - =
. =
Growth _
a]
=rnternal Growth External Growth s
or or |
THIN gC Growth BENG Growth
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Fo Living “organism Can qiow -
© @ Non -living organism Can also _qrow _
P & Living & Non-living organism both can _giow
.
® c— All I _None
es é
Peg Se C00) ae
pe? < v
mw miensic Growth Exensic
=. Grow +)
' =
& =I Saal Sad 2
~ CAL
we_deposition on infernal _pepasian on external
Surface . Surface . =
>
E © Growth is detining Feature of living. F
> @2Grwthis character of living
s é Enirensic growin & defining feature of mane T
= ® ocead organism cant grow. 7 .
= = 4
2 ORD AT Se PTT OQ Fat? unr
=
= Growth
=> — Bas SI E
= 2a pas a Animals
S unlimited limited
growth resided fo (upto certain age)
> oe : ne
> SpedPic legion Cmerisiematic
requ)
I
(® scanned with OKEN Scanner= Generally one parent S Genealy jwo parents
SGometogenesis @ ot © S gametogenesis © nt
= TE nr
a ae
=e_clones ae VaTiOFion = Pal
a eE
GametoqenestS «
y €
Formatim of —————— ©
zr Asexual 5 EH sexu bd
TeproducHayy reproduction ©
6
En case of honeybee m we CX «
(as\__[ae\ ‘
ons 32 n=lé Say \ 4
Female male J ] ‘
SS oe —_ Speimatogenesis Cogenesis 4
Melo = t y ,
nzle Neleul nee Nate Sperm ovum :
Se -
direct
male Female ae
(& Scanned with OKEN ScannerRepioduchion
\ J bEO
©
ane 4 go. UCL 7
———
> sinngmy Fragmentation _Regeneratim _—_— Budding
2» Asim ee
2 \i eq. Yeast Bi hydra
i BGs — 2.
» S eS A
: eae
' all
5 oa nape :
S part = Replace lost part
2 és
z at a
2 genes aiealaill
» aw Ge a eee
e
}
«present in higher” organism
@ — Fungi eilamentous aie -
Algae 1Profonema of mosses
= __ 00 +e Regenetation. ts present In planaria .
- aaa 1 S|
Platyhélm inthes, plage TiKe
(Alar worm)
VOW wwe wee
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|
=
Cc
As. 4 por Mulcelinare
For_unicel war = organisms C
organisms sy Co
(ee i are mutually, e
Qie mulualy [inclusive } = (@xcWsive). | oe
—— —— es
® Because unitellwat argansm —rahher x mone ©
qmwWs due to reproduc, So €
= —— #§ © as ©
Co eee =
SEO a
@® @ Reproduction is not defining Feature. :
® © geese in some living organism teproducian is §
apsent: ety — 4
Eq. Mule ,Ainny, Worker Heneytiee , Pneshi@ couples :
SiSenanviny fowamess | tbnadoulsness—af— (
1 —T ;
=> Response fo external stimulus
=> Most technically complicated Feature .
> xt {6 defining feature of [living —> Every living
organism respond to external envitonment:
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L
Baden Plants) 5s Animals
yy J =
Respond _ to Respond to Respond +o Seassns.
AntbioHc photoperiod
Eq. Seasond) breeder,
OBO Eq. UDP ope .ONP
Se
+ Seasonal Breeders
ee Qa
e > oer ining Feature of Living.
I
I
t
‘
i
+ :
p= Animals teproduce _in particular geason..
i tf “SelP Gonselousness ci
+
; AwOINeSS Towards Self
be Only present jn humans so jt is defining oa oF
FB Wumans:
,
B+ Metabolism
‘ Sum total of al) reactions in our Fea
E pe tiie
b ~ SN
B Andbolfsm “ Catabolism,
-
&
&
poser living doesnt have metabolism.
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Envil ao i eo
at = 4 ui
1 inside the body
outside the body = aa
# ANY metabolic rex" oubside |
_the body is Considered as
living rex” BUF not living |
thing- i
neither
‘Any Metabolic tex" outside the body is ~ living:
thing not non living but surely it iS living yeaction
oF Replication - ID
Replication iS also
defining Feature of
VIG i
Q
Es a
CellWar organisation
OPA Sood
Cae al sOrganisation_ 1s
Sea ales a aso PetrUre of liMing:
ever eeet
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comma
v
living
E® some sensitivity
is @ nt.
id bh bb ta fa ath shih ad ee
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