Lab Practice 2

PHP
Lab practice 1
Date: 03 April 2023
Titles of the Practice:
1. Case Sensitivity
Write a PHP code to show that these three lines are equivalent:
echo("hello, world");
ECHO("hello, world");
EcHo("hello, world");
On the other hand, variables, are case-sensitive
That is, $name, $NAME, and $NaME are three different variables
2. Statements and Semicolons
Find the error in the following PHP code
<?php
if ($a == $b) {
echo "Rhyme? And Reason?"
}
echo "Hello, world"
?>
3. Comments
4. If you run this piece of PHP code, what is the output?
4.1.<?php $d = 4; # Set $d to 4. ?> Then another <?php echo $d; ?>
4.2.<H1>Standard tag: <?php /*echo " standard tag"; */?>multi line c style
comment</H1>
4.3.
<?php
$l = 12;
$m = 13;
/* A comment begins here

?>
Some stuff you want to be HTML.
<?= $n = 14; ?>

*/
echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n");
?>Now this is regular HTML...
4.4.
• $i = 9;
• /*
1
• $j = 10; /* This is a comment */
• $k = 11;
• Here is some comment text.
• */
4.5.
<?php
/*
$f->setPattern('/^\d.*/');
*/
?>
4.6.what is the output?
$name = "Guido";
echo "Hi, $name ";
echo 'Hi, $name';
<?php
$name = "Paul"; // declaration and initialization
print( ‘Welcome to PHP, $name!’ );
?
$dosPath = 'C:\\WINDOWS\\SYSTEM';
$publisher = 'Tim O\'Reilly';
echo "$dosPath $publisher";
$person = array("Edison", "Wankel", "Crapper");
$creator = array('Light bulb' => "Edison",
'Rotary Engine' => "Wankel",

'Toilet' => "Crapper");
foreach ($person as $name) {
echo ‘Hello, {$name} ’;
}
foreach ($creator as $invention => $inventor) {
echo ‘{$inventor} invented the {$invention} ’;
}
With single quote and double quote

<!DOCTYPE html>



2
<html>
<?php
$person = array("Edison", "Wankel", "Crapper");
$creator = array('Light bulb' => "Edison",

// declaration and initialization
foreach ($person as $name) {

echo 'Hello, {$name} ';
}
foreach ($creator as $invention => $inventor) {
echo '{$inventor} invented the {$invention} ';
}
?>

<head>
<meta charset = "utf-8">
<title>Simple PHP document</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1></h1>
</body>
</html>
4.10. what is the output?
Note that originally, $person = array("Edison", "Wankel", "Crapper");
sort($person);
4.11. what is the output?
Note that originally, $creator = array('Light bulb' => "Edison",
asort($creator);
4.12. arsort($creator);
4.13. ksort ($creator);
5. Converting Between Data Types
3
Converting between different data types may be necessary when performing arithmetic operations
with variables.
Type conversions can be performed using function settype.
Figure 19.3 demonstrates type conversion of some types introduced in Fig. 19.2.
<!DOCTYPE html>


<html>
<head>
<meta charset = "utf-8">
<title>Data type conversion</title>
<style type = "text/css">
p { margin: 0; }
.head { margin-top: 10px; font-weight: bold; }
.space { margin-top: 10px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<?php
// declare a string, double and integer
$testString = "3.5 seconds";
$testDouble = 79.2;
$testInteger = 12;
?>

Original values:
<?php
4
print( "$testString is a(n) " . gettype( $testString )
. "" );
print( "$testDouble is a(n) " . gettype( $testDouble )
. "" );
print( "$testInteger is a(n) " . gettype( $testInteger )
. "" );
Converting to other data types:
<?php
// call function settype to convert variable
// testString to different data types
print( "$testString " );
settype( $testString, "double" );
print( " as a double is $testString" );
print( "$testString " );
settype( $testString, "integer" );
print( " as an integer is $testString" );
settype( $testString, "string" );
print( "Converting back to a string results in
$testString" );
// use type casting to cast variables to a different type
$data = "98.6 degrees";
print( "Before casting: $data is a " .
gettype( $data ) . "" );
print( "Using type casting instead:
as a double: " . (double) $data . "" .
"as an integer: " . (integer) $data . "" );
print( "After casting: $data is a " .
gettype( $data ) . "" );
5
</body>
</html>
1) Do Variables in PHP have types? If the answer is yes, how are variables are typed? Give ex-
ample.
2) Which lines print the value of each variable?
3) Which lines print the type of each variable?
4) How is the type of variable obtained?
5) Calling function settype can result in loss of data. Explain with example.
6) Unlike settype, casting does not change a variable’s content—it creates a temporary copy of
a variable’s value in memory. Casting is useful when a different type is required in a specific
operation but you would like to retain the variable’s original value and type. Write the lines
that show that the type and value of $data remain unchanged even after it has been cast.
6.

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PHP

Date: 03 April 2023

Titles of the Practice:

/* A comment begins here

<p>Some stuff you want to be HTML.</p>

<?= $n = 14; ?>

4.9.what is the output?

$person = array("Edison", "Wankel", "Crapper");

$creator = array('Light bulb' => "Edison",

'Rotary Engine' => "Wankel",

With single quote and double quote

$person = array("Edison", "Wankel", "Crapper");

$creator = array('Light bulb' => "Edison",

foreach ($person as $name) {

4.10. what is the output?

Note that originally, $person = array("Edison", "Wankel", "Crapper");

4.11. what is the output?

Note that originally, $creator = array('Light bulb' => "Edison",

'Rotary Engine' => "Wankel",

'Toilet' => "Crapper");

Type conversions can be performed using function settype.

<meta charset = "utf-8">

<title>Data type conversion</title>

<style type = "text/css">

.head { margin-top: 10px; font-weight: bold; }

.space { margin-top: 10px; }

// declare a string, double and integer

$testString = "3.5 seconds";

?>

<p class = "head">Original values:</p>

print( "<p>$testDouble is a(n) " . gettype( $testDouble )

print( "<p>$testInteger is a(n) " . gettype( $testInteger )

?>

<p class = "head">Converting to other data types:</p>

// call function settype to convert variable

// testString to different data types

print( "<p>$testString " );

settype( $testString, "double" );

print( " as a double is $testString</p>" );

print( "<p>$testString " );

settype( $testString, "integer" );

print( " as an integer is $testString</p>" );

settype( $testString, "string" );

print( "<p class = 'space'>Converting back to a string results in

// use type casting to cast variables to a different type

$data = "98.6 degrees";

print( "<p class = 'space'>Before casting: $data is a " .

gettype( $data ) . "</p>" );

print( "<p class = 'space'>Using type casting instead:</p>

<p>as a double: " . (double) $data . "</p>" .

"<p>as an integer: " . (integer) $data . "</p>" );

print( "<p class = 'space'>After casting: $data is a " .

gettype( $data ) . "</p>" );

?>

2) Which lines print the value of each variable?

3) Which lines print the type of each variable?

4) How is the type of variable obtained?

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