UNIT 1

GREETINGS,
ASKING AND TELLING THE TIME
Objectives:
1. Students are able to introduce themselves and make conversations
2. Students are able to ask and telling the time

Basic Greetings when you know the person

Hello, Susan Good to see you again

Hi, Mark Nice to see you again

Good morning I’m glad to see you.

Good afternoon I’m happy to see you.
Good evening. I’m pleased to see you.

Greetings and answering them back!

How are you? Fine, thanks

and you?

How have
you been? Very well.
And you?

How are
things? Not too bad,
thanks.

Introducing yourself and others!

Greg, please meet Tom I’m...

Greg, have you met
Let me introduce Tom? My name is...
myself; I’m...
I'd like to introduce
myself; I’m...

Nice to meet you;

I’m...
Pleased to meet you;
I’m...

Good to see you

1
again!
 I'd like to introduce you to Mary. I'd like you to meet Rebecca.

Have we met before?

Yes, we have / No we Have you met…..?
haven’t met / I’m not sure.

Angela, this is Susan. Susan

this is Angela.

Simple formal greetings, introductions and goodbyes conversation

Greetings Introductions Good-byes

Sample sentence Sample response Sample sentence Sample response Sample Sample
sentence response
Hello, Mr. Smith Hello. It was nice It was nice
Hello, Ms. Jones Hello. Mr. Roberts, I’d It’s a pleasure to meeting you. meeting you
like to introduce meet you. / too.
Good morning. Good morning. you to my friend Pleased to meet It was nice to Same to you.
Good afternoon. Good afternoon. Paula you. see you.
Good evening. Good evening. Have a good Thank you.
day. You too.
How are you? Fine, thank you. Good night / Good night /
Goodbye. Goodbye.

Simple informal greetings, introductions and goodbyes conversation

Greetings Introductions Good-byes

Sample sentence Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample
response sentence response sentence response
Hey. Hi. Hey. Hi. Jane, this is Hi John. Nice Nice meeting
John. He’s in to meet you. you.
How are ya? I’m good. All my class. Take it easy. You too.
right.
How are things? Pretty good. Take care.
How’s it goin? OK. Not bad. I’m off. OK, bye.
How ya doin? I’m doin good. I gotta go.
What’s up? Hi. My I’m Jack. So long.
What’s new? name’s Jason. Nice to meet See ya.
Nothin much. you.
What’s Not a whole See ya later. See ya.
happenin? lot. Nothin. See ya later.
What are you up Nothin Bye.
to? special. Not Bye.
What’s goin on? much.

2
Asking Personal Information!

1. Betty : What's your surname 1. Betty : What's your address?

2. (family name)? 2. Fred : 34 White Street
3. Fred : Smith
1. Betty : What is your phone
1. Betty : What's your first name? number?
2. Fred : Fred 2. Fred : 308-6730

1. Betty : Where are you from? 1. Betty : How old are you?
2. Fred : Atlanta, Georgia (not in the first meeting)
2. Fred : 54
1. Betty : What's your job? / What
do you do? 1. Betty : Are you married?
2. Fred : I'm a teacher. (not in the first meeting)
2. Fred : Yes, I am.

Fred is talking to the new manager and his assistant. Notice how they introduce themselves:

Fred : Good morning! My name is Fred Grossman. You must be our new
manager.
William: Good morning! I'm William O'Brian. Nice to meet you, Mr. Fred
Grossman and this is my assistant Kenny.
Kenny : Nice to meet you Mr. Grossman. I’m Kenny Stuart.
Fred : How do you do? Mr. Stuart. Nice to meet you too.
Kenny : How do you do?

Things to remember:
• When introducing yourself or other people in a formal situation use full names. ("I'm
William O’Brien.")

• "How do you do?" isn't really a question, it just means "Hello"

To be more polite and nice, say "It's a pleasure to meet you." or "Pleased to meet you."
Leon : Jack, I'd like you to meet Debra.
Jack : It's a pleasure to meet you.
Jack : How do you do?
Debra : How do you do.
Debra : I am pleased to meet you Jack.
Leon : Debra has just started working for us

Sometimes people will just introduce themselves using names only.

Leon : Jack, this is Debra.
Jack : How do you do?
Debra : Pleased to meet you.
Leon : Debra has just started working for us

Some people like to shake hands when they meet someone or they are being introduced.
Hand shakes normally only takes place in more formal, business situations. Otherwise, people
will say "Hi." or "Hello.".

3
A conversation between two people
Receptionist : Can you tell me your full name please?
Guest : My full name is Rudolph Lancaster.
Receptionist : I'm sorry, what was your last name again?
Guest : My last name is Lancaster.
Receptionist : I am sorry; could you please repeat it more slowly for me?
Guest : Lancaster.
Receptionist : How do you write that? Could you spell it please?
Guest : L-a-n-c-a-s-t-e-r.
Receptionist : And could you tell me your first name please?
Guest : Rudolph.
Receptionist : Pardon?
Guest : Rudolph. R-u-d-o-l-p-h.
Receptionist : Can you tell me your telephone number please?
Guest : 8- 2-2-3-2-7-1-9.
Receptionist : Thank you Mr. Rudolph for your time.
Guest : You're welcome I hope to hear from you soon.

Remember these words

Thank you Please excuse me

The words in italic are considered to be polite, if these words were not included depending on
the tone of your voice you might come across as rude, it is best to be polite at all times.

Exercise 1 Complete this conversation.

name is Mary. What's (2) _______

Mary: Hello. My (1) _______ is your name?
Peter: Peter. How (3) _______ you?
Mary: I'm (4) _______,
fine and you?
Peter: OK. (5) _______ (6) _______ you from?
i`m from Ireland.
Mary: (7) _______

Questions
Where am I from? Where are we from?
you
they
Where is he from
she
it

Exercise 2 Fill in the gaps in the paragraph.

My name (1) _____ Mario and I (2) ________ a doctor.

My (3) _______ is 23 York Avenue, and my
(4) _______ _______is 555-555-8888. (5) _______ 45 years
(6) _______, and I'm married. My son, Peter, (7) _______ 10.
My wife, Giorgia, is American. She (8) _______ a lawyer.

4
Exercise 3 Put the conversation in order!

1. A: Well, it was nice talking to you. 7. A: Where do you want to go?

2. B: I think we should go out to eat. 8. B: Okay, I'll talk to you later then.
3. A: See you later. 9. A: That sounds good.
4. B: It was nice talking to you too. 10. B: Bye.
5. A: We should really hang out again. 11. A: I'll call you later.
6. B: All right, so I'll see you then. 12. B: That would be fun.

Asking the time

Excuse me, what time is it?
Sorry, what's the time, please?
could you tell me the time, please?
have you got the time?
do you have the time?

Telling the time

It’s eight forty-five. It’s fifteen minutes past seven.

(08:45 or 20.45) (07:15 or 19:15)
It’s twelve oh nine It’s 10 am or It’s 10 pm
(the zero in 12:09 is pronounced as “oh”.) It’s five o’clock.
It’s fifteen minutes to seven. (05:00 or 17:00)
(06:45 or 18:45) It's quarter past / to seven
It's half past six. (7:15/ 6:45)
(06:00 or 18:30) 2. Tepat waktu (untuk sesuatu):
tiba cukup awal (untuk sesuatu)
Vocabulary connected with time Contoh:
1. To be on time: to arrive at the correct time and not be late Saya tidak menggunakan jam
Examples: alarm tetapi saya selalu bangun
The trains here are never on time. They're always late. tepat waktu untuk berita jam 7 di
We're leaving at 10.00 sharp. So be sure you're on time. radio.
Maaf, saya tidak akan pulang
2. To be in time (for something): to arrive early enough (for something) saat makan malam; Saya harus
bekerja lembur di kantor.
Examples:
I don't use an alarm clock but I always wake up in time for the 7 o'clock news on the
radio.
Sorry, I won't be home in time for dinner; I have to work late at the office.

3. To kill time: to do something to make time appear to pass more quickly

Examples:
The film doesn't start for another 2 hours, so we'll have to kill time for a bit.
On my way back from Australia I had a lot of time to kill at Singapore Airport - the
shopping was great!

4. in (next to) no time : very soon, very quickly

Example:
It takes longer by car because of the traffic so I go to work by bicycle.
3. . Untuk membunuh waktu: melakukan sesuatu untuk membuat waktu tampak berlalu
lebih cepat 5
Contoh:
Film tidak akan dimulai selama 2 jam lagi, jadi kita harus menghabiskan waktu sebentar.
Dalam perjalanan kembali dari Australia, saya punya banyak waktu untuk membunuh di
Bandara Singapura - the
belanja sangat bagus!
Exercise 4 Choose the correct expression of time

1: I hate waiting for him. Why can’t he just __________.

a) kill time b) be in no time c) be on time
2: Excuse me, __________________
a) what the time is? b) please say the time mate. c) have you got the time, please?

3: I don’t mind waiting. I’m happy to __________ for an hour or two .

a) have time b) kill time c) do time
4: I had to call an ambulance the other day. It arrived in next to ____________
a) no time. b) on time. c) in time

======

6
 EXERCISE
UNIT 1

Exercise 1 Match the time and draw the time on the blank clock!
Example:
Excuse me, what’s the time?
It’s quarter to six. (17.45)

No
1 Ten to five • • 21:30
2 Half past nine • • 19:40
3 quarter past ten • • 20:20
4 Twenty past eight • • 04:50
5 Twenty to eight • • 05.00
6 five o’clock • • 10:15

Exercise 2 Answer the questions

Example:
What/film start/? 19.15
What time does the film start? It starts at quarter past seven.

1. When/train leave/? 15.10

__________________________________________________________________________
2. What/concert begin/? 20.30
__________________________________________________________________________
3. When/bus arrive/? 21.50
__________________________________________________________________________
4. What/lecture start/? 07.15
__________________________________________________________________________
5. When/plane depart/? 04.45
__________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3 Make the questions for the following answers!

1. ________________________________________________________________________
Brenda Williams
2. ________________________________________________________________________
London, England
3. ________________________________________________________________________
No, I’m not. I’m Australian
4. ________________________________________________________________________
I’m a nutritionist
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5.______________________________________________________________________
At Hopes Hospital
6. _____________________________________________________________________
I go to work at seven in the morning.
7. _____________________________________________________________________
I go home at six in the afternoon

Exercise 4 Put the conversation in correct order!

Introductions
1. Patrick : Hello. My name's Patrick. What's your name?
2. Jenny : I'm from Seattle. Where are you from?
3. Patrick : Yes I am.
4. Jenny : Jenny.
5. Patrick : Where are you from Jenny?
6. Jenny : No I’m not. I’m Mexican. Are you Spanish?
7. Patrick : I'm from Madrid. Are you American?

1 4 5 2 7 6 3

Exercise 5 Answer the questions!

Jim : Cedric Frances, let me introduce you to David Blake. David, this is Mr. Cedric
Frances of Telefon Movies in Argentina.
Cedric : Pleasure to meet you.
David : Good to meet you too.
Jim : David works for our New York Branch. He’s responsible for International accounts.

1. Where does Cedric work?

2. What is David’s responsibility?
3. Where does David work?
4. Does Jim know David and Cedric?

Exercise 6 Complete the small talks below!

1. A: Is it your first visit in Jakarta?

B: Yes - never – South East Asia.
_________________________________________________________________
A: Like - Jakarta?
_________________________________________________________________
B: People - friendly. Train - crowded. Historical square - beautiful.
_________________________________________________________________

2. C: Isn't it cold today?

D: No - used to cold weather.
_________________________________________________________________
C: Typical weather - your country?
_________________________________________________________________
D: Summer - rain. Winter - fog.
_________________________________________________________________

8
Exercise 7 Match the questions with the answers!

No Questions
1 How long will you be here?
2 Do you often travel abroad?
3 Where are you staying?
4 How long have you been with the
company?
5 How many people work there?
6 What do you do?
7 What do you do in your spare time?
8 When was the company founded?
9 Which department are you in?
10 Who do you work for?
No Answers
A About twice a month
B I do yoga
C I don’t know the exact date but I think
in 2005
D I work for ABC Company
E I’m a freelance accountant
F Two weeks
G In Paris? We’re 12 at the moment.
H I’ve been with the company for a year
and a half.
I With my friend from studies.
J Right now, I’m in sales.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Answers

Exercise 8 Make a dialogue with your partner based on the story and using the
expressions given!

Useful Phrase for conversation

Pleased to meet you, Mr/Mrs/Ms ... Did you have a good trip?
How do you do, MrMrs/Ms ... ? Let me introduce …
Do I have the pleasure of speaking to Mrs ...? Sorry to keep you waiting.
I'm afraid I didn't catch your name. Let's get down to business.
Would you like a cup of coffee? Shall we get started?

I am Eva Malá from Mobile Services in Italy, where I have been working since August 2011.
The company markets all facilities for mobile phones. I work as a secretary and I am
responsible for arranging sale meetings and appointments with customers.

My name is Jan Novák from ABC Company in Paris. We are an advertising company with a
long tradition. I work in accounting and I am responsible for all incoming and outgoing
invoices, which means that I check their correctness and keep the accounts of them. I joined the
company in September 2011.

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

9
Exercise 9. Introduce yourself, make small talks and a conversation on negotiating

Good morning. My name’s Rolf Wehneir. I’m a product manager from Germany. I’m German
and I'm in marketing.

Good morning. I’m Amelia Rivalho. I’m a senior manager from Portugal. I’m Portuguese and
I’m in the Furniture Industry.

1. Negotiating

A: I'm sorry, but I can't go below 10,000.

B: 10,000 is a problem for us. My boss has set me a limit of 8,000. Can you explain why
10,000 is so important?
A: We have just spent a lot on a new building and we need to pay the bank which gave us a loan
for this.
B: Ah, that's interesting. Which bank are you using?
A: Rich Brothers.
B: Ah. Perhaps we can help by speaking to the bank ourselves. We are major customers.
A: That would be great.

Useful phrases:
We can offer discount on orders over 50,000.
This really is the best product you can buy at this
price.
I'm afraid we couldn't possibly accept that.
So which of those two would you prefer?
That would certainly be acceptable.
If you increase that to ... I think we'd have a deal.
We'll confirm the details in writing as soon as
possible.
Well, this isn’t really an attractive price for us
Budgets are tight.
That would be really tough for us
I believe we have an agreement.
Perhaps we could look at other suppliers?
This doesn't work for us.
I've got a problem with this.
Where can you help me cut this?
That really isn't what I expected.
I'm a bit disappointed in your offer.
You're too expensive.
I can't afford that.
I don’t think this is possible.
Let's make sure we agree on these figures (dates /
etc.)

10
Useful phrases on time:

Is half past five too OK, so I'll call at about Can we make it before I'll see you at three,
late? ten to four. half past? then.
How about twenty-five How about half past Noon would be fine. OK, so that's ten on the
past two? twelve? dot.
Let's make it quarter to Is Monday morning Are you free on I'm not available on
four. OK? Tuesday at four? Wednesday between ten
and twelve thirty.
I'm busy on Thursday in Friday afternoon is the
the morning. best time for the
meeting.

Company A (Rolf Wehneir):

Imagine you own a furniture shop. You need to buy at least 5 cupboards but not more than 10,
even number of kitchen chairs: min. 15, max. 30 and 3 or 4 tea tables. You would like to have
the delivery made within 30 days and the price should not be more than 45 000 but you want a
good quality of the furniture.

Company B: (Amelia Rivalho)

Imagine you sell furniture. Your pricelist looks like this:
Item Price Stock Item Price Stock
exclusive cupboard 5.000.000 8 Kitchen chair steel 500.000 25
ordinary cupboard 2.000.000 4 Tea tables glass 1.500.000 5
kitchen chair 3.000.000 10 Tea tables wood 850.000 4
leather
kitchen chair wood 1.000.000 20

You deliver within 45 days. You want to sell as much furniture as possible, but you know that
"A" company is your good costumer and you do not want to lose them.

====

11
 UNIT 2
ASKING INFORMATION, JOBS,
COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITY
Objectives:
Alphabet and numbers
Describing many kinds of jobs
Asking nationality and origin

A. Spelling.

Alphabet Pronunciation

A B C D E F G H I J
[eI] [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [ef] [dӡi:] [eItʃ] [aI] [dӡeI]

K L M N O P Q R S T
[keI] [el] [em] [en] [әυ] [pi:] [kju:] [a:] [es] [ti:]

U V W X Y Z
[ju:] [vi:] ['dɅbәlju:] [eks] [waI] [zed/zi:]

The expressions:
How do you spell it?
How do you spell....?
Excuse me; can you spell your name?
Excuse me, can you spell .... ?

B. Numbers
• Cardinal Numbers
The examples of cardinal numbers are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10...

Here are some other cardinal numbers you need to remember for counting:
0 1 10 100 1000 1.000.000 1.000.000.000
Zero One Ten One Hundred One Thousand One Million One Billion

12
 • Ordinal Numbers
The numbers you use to talk about the order of things are called "ordinal numbers", for
example:
I was the fifth person in line.
Here are the first ten ordinal numbers:
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth

Sometimes numbers aren't expressed in cardinal or ordinal numbers.

Here are a few examples:
Half (1/2) single (1) double (x2) triple (x3) quadruple (x4) a pair/couple (2) a few (2 or 3)
several (more than 3 but not many) a dozen (12) a half dozen (6)

Sample dialogue:

Daniel : Hello Good morning. What is your name?

Catharine : Hi...my name is Catharine.
Daniel : How do you spell your name?
Catharine : It’s C – A – T – H – A-R- I – N – E
Daniel : What is your phone number?
Catharine : It’s 08799786665.
Daniel : Can I get information about your address?
Catharine : Sure, I live in a Bogor Apartment. It is in Pajajaran Street.
Daniel : What floor is it?
Catharine : It is on the fifth floor. The room is number 56 A.
Daniel : Ok it’s clear enough. Thank you Cath.
Catharine : You’re welcome Dan.

Exercise 1 Arrange the steps of how to make a cake into a good orders!

How to make a cake

Ingredients:
• 12 eggs • 1/2 tbs of Ovalet
• 1/4 kg of butter • 3 1/2 ons of wheat flour
• 3/8 kg of sugar • 5 tbs of milk powder
• 2 sachets of vanilla • 1 package of chocolate powder.

13
Steps:
A. Put the yolk into the dough and blend
again at least 10 minutes.
B. Remove the egg yolk and albumen and
place them in different bowl.
C. Pour the wheat flour little by little into
the dough and stir well.
D. Pour the milk powder little by little
into the dough and stir well.
E. Lift the cake and put on the plate.
Spread some sugar on it. The bolu cake
is ready to serve.
F. Pour the chocolate powder little by
little into the dough and stir well.
G. Mix the butter, sugar, vanilla, and
ovalet for 10 minutes.
H. Blend the albumen around 5 minutes.
I. Pour the albumen into the dough.
Blend them around 10 minutes.
J. Prepare a baking pan lubricated with
butter. Pour the dough. Put into the
oven and bake around 40 minutes in
25o C.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

C. Job

Job What do they do? Where do they work?

Look after the finances in an
Accountant They work in an office.
organization.
Bakers Bake bread. They work in a bakery.
Chef Prepare and cook food. They work in a kitchen.
Dentist Look after people's teeth. They work in a dentist.
They work in a hospital or
Doctor Look after people's health.
surgery.
Judge Judge and sentence people. They work in a law court.
They work in a law court and
Lawyer Defend and prosecute people.
in a lawyer’s office.
Optician Look after people's eye sight. They work in an optician.
They work in a hotel or train
Porter Carry other people's bags and luggage.
station.
Receptionist Meet and greet visitors. They work in reception.
Sales Assistant Sell goods and look after customers. They work in a shop.
Arrange appointments, type letters and
Secretary They work in an office.
organize meetings.
Teacher Teach people. They work in a school.
Organize and repair technical
Technicians They work everywhere!
equipment.

When someone asks you “What do you do? “, they’re asking about your job. In English,
people don’t actually say “What is your job? “. Instead they say “What do you do? “and the
correct response is “I’m a/an + a job title”.
Some other expressions asking about job
• What do you do?
• What do you do for a living?
• What do you do exactly?
Responds:
• I’m a......
• I’m a dancer
• I’m an actress

14
D. Countries and Nationalities

Tiya: Where is this man from?

Sally: He is from China.
Tiya: What is his nationality?
Sally: He is Chinese.
Tiya: What language does he speak?
Sally: He speaks Chinese.
TO BE + FROM + CITY = I am from
Sydney
TO BE + FROM + COUNTRY = I am from
Australia
TO BE + NATIONALITY = I am Australian

Country Nationality Language Country Nationality Language

Argentina Argentine Spanish Malaysia Malaysian Malay / Malaysian
Argentinean
Australia Australian English Mexico Mexican Spanish
Belgium Belgian French / Morocco Moroccan Arabic / French
Flemish
Brazil Brazilian Portuguese Netherlands Dutch Dutch
Cambodia Cambodian Cambodian New Zealand New Zealander English / Maori
Canada Canadian English / Philippines Filipino Tagalog / Filipino
French
China Chinese Chinese Poland Polish Polish
Denmark Danish (Dane) Danish Portugal Portuguese Portuguese
Egypt Egyptian Arabic Russia Russian Russian
England English English Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabic
Finland Finnish Finnish Scotland Scottish English
France French French South Korea Korean Korean
Germany German German Spain Spanish Spanish
Greece Greek Greek Sweden Swedish Swedish
Guatemala Guatemalan Spanish Taiwan Taiwanese Chinese
Haiti Haitian French / Creole Thailand Thai Thai
Honduras Honduran Spanish Turkey Turkish Turkish
Indonesia Indonesian Indonesian (The) United British English
Kingdom
Ireland Irish Irish / English (The) United American ** English
States
Italy Italian Italian Uruguay Uruguayan Spanish
Japan Japanese Japanese Vietnam Vietnamese Vietnamese
Kenya Kenyan Swahili Wales Welsh Welsh / English
Laos Laotian Laotian

15
Exercise 2 Complete the following dialogue!

Brian : Where is Paula from?

Shane : (1) ____________ (Italy) .
Brian : (2) _____________________?
Shane : No, she is Turkish.
Brian : What does she do?
Shane : (3) ______________ .
Brian : How about Lin Dan? Where does he come from?
Shane : (4) ______________ (China) .
Brian : What does he do?
Shane : (5) _______________ .
Brian : Oh I see. What language does he speak?
Shane : (6) _______________ . By the way, I need Lin Dan’s phone number. Do you
have it?
Brian : Yes, I do. It’s 0788320445222
Shane : (7) _________________ .
Brian : You’re welcome.

=====

16
 UNIT 2
EXERCISES
Exercise 1 Which one is correct?

1. A. Necessary 2. A. Accommodation 3. A. Bussiness

B. Nesessary B. Accammadation B. Business
C. Necessary C. Acamadation C. Busenes
4. A. Finaly 5. A. Address 6. A. Stationeri
B. Finali B. Adres B. Stationary
C. Finally C. Adress C. Stationerry
7. A. Assistant 8. A. Argument 9. A. Reciv
B. Asistant B. Argumment B. Receive
C. Asistan C. Argumment C. Ricive
10. A. Beginning
B. Beggining
C. Beginning

Exercise 2 What is his/her job?

1. _____________ 2. ______________ 3. __________________

4. _____________ 5 _______________ 6. _________________

17
Exercise 3 Find numbers from these letters.

How many numbers can you find ?

...........................

C U G Q Z K Z E R O I Z Q X J
Y T R O F N E E T E N I N J Q
D N E V E L E E R H T Y G E G
Q E O B A N I N E L F I F T Y
M T V E V L E W T M I H X N C
J D N E E T N E V E S A I Y J
S E V E N T Y O T U V N S E E
U J E I G H T T W H E E M K I
N L L I P P H V H T G B J B G
E Y T X I S I Z Y I W I S W H
E E V I F W R W B E R E E T T
T F R S I X T E E N V T N M Y
F O U R T E E N H E Q S Y T U
I I C V W W E Z N O N E A N Y
F R U O F Z N J D E R D N U H

Exercise 4 Arrange the letters into the correct words.

1. E–g–n–h–s–i–l = ..........
2. D – i – c – r – e – s –e – b = ..........
3. S–y–t–e-l = ..........
4. C – u – m – i – m – t – a – o – n – o – c – n- i = ..........
5. B – u – f – e – a- t – i – u – l = ..........
6. A–t–c–y–v–i–t– i = ..........
7. C–r–a–m–a–e = ..........
8. P – e – r – e –n – s – t – r – e = ..........
9. A–c–n–n–o–r–e–u–n = ..........
10. C – i – n – o – f – d – t –n – e = ..........

Exercise 5 Work in pairs and exchange information to complete the table Use the
adjectives to help you!
hard-working independent creative sociable
well-organised good at languages fun ambitious
trustworthy energetic flexible artistic
good at teamwork good at time management imaginative
good with people competitive physically fit productive
good at money making good at following orders
smart and clean polite patient confident
clever good at giving orders
18
Example:
Student A: What does Maria do?
Student B: She is a nurse. She helps the doctor in a hospital.
Student A: What is she like?
Student B: She is patient and kind.
Student A: What is her nationality?
Student B: She is Italian.

Student A
No. Name Job Work Place Description Nationality
1. Maria Nurse Hospital Patient and kind, helps
Italian
doctor
2. Sandra
3. Harun Announcer Palestinian
4. Sania
5. Jean Actress French
6. Mark
7. Brian Fisherman English
8. Chen Lie
9. Shane Baker Australian
10. Hiroshi

Student B

No. Name Job Work Place Description Nationality

1. Maria Nurse Hospital Patient and kind, helps
Italian
doctors
2. Sandra Secretary Belgian
3. Harun
4. Sania Presenter Indonesian
5. Jean
6. Mark Actor Portuguese
7. Brian
8. Chen Lie Accountant Chinese
9. Shane
10. Hiroshi Barber Japanese

19
 Exercise 6 Write the name of the countries in the correct spaces on the map below.
Next, write the nationality of the people who live in those countries near their
flag. Discuss with friends what is unique about these countries.

Exercise 7 Which country do want to go to? Why? Write and explain your reason!

===

20
 UNIT 3
TELEPHONING

Objectives:
1. Students are aware of telephone etiquettes
2. Students are able to make and arrange appointments

A. TELEPHONE ETIQUETTE SKILLS

Whenever an employee answers a telephone, he or she represents the employer. To the person
on the other end of the line, each of us represents the company we work for.
1. Suggestions for Answering the Telephone
• Answer the phone promptly.
• Identify your department/division and then identify yourself;
e.g. “Chemistry Department; this is Margaret”
“Sales Department; Bob speaking”
• Speak with a smile in your voice. If you smile when speaking on the phone, your tone of
voice is more welcoming and friendly.
• Show interest in the caller and their problems.
• Be of service and offer assistance.
• Be informed about the company you represent, its services, and personnel. Have basic
materials and information readily available for reference. Become an informed person so
that you may be of help to others.
• Make referrals to other people and departments properly. Offer to transfer the call, making
sure to always give the number you are referring them to in case you get disconnected.
• If you must put a person on hold, ask permission first and only keep them on hold for about
45 seconds before checking back with them.
• If the person that was being called is not available, you can say,
e.g. "I’m sorry; Beth is not available right now. May I help you with something?"
• Take messages clearly and correctly. Telephone messages must be taken carefully and
delivered promptly. Taking a message requires:
(1) being polite and professional on the telephone
(2) recording all the facts correctly. Double check spelling and numbers with the caller.

B. MAKING PHONE CALLS

1. Suggestions for Making Telephone Calls
• Make sure you know where and whom you are calling. Have the correct number.
• Identify yourself; e.g. "Hello, my name is Liz Smith. I am the office assistant of the
Biology Department at BYU-Idaho."

21
 • Be prepared. If you have several items to discuss, make a list beforehand so you will not
forget anything important. Have any necessary information nearby, and get to the point of
your call.
• If the person you are calling sounds busy, ask if you may call back at a more convenient
time.
• Make use of available technology such as answering machines and voice mail if no one is
available to speak with.

2. Introducing you;
Good morning
afternoon
evening

This is Mike at Sony International.

Mike from Production Department.

I’m calling about the meeting this Friday.

because I’m going to be late for this meeting.

Could I speak to Mrs. Laura Wells?

3. Leaving a message (The person you want to speak to is unavailable)

Can I have a message for him/her?
Could you tell him/her that I called, please?
Could you ask him/her to call back, please?
Thank you, I’ll call back later.
4. Dealing with bad connections
I think we have a bad connection. Can I call you back?
I’m sorry, we have a bad connection.
I’m sorry; could you repeat that, please?
Could you speak a little louder, please?
5. Ending the call
Thank you very much. Have a good day.
Thanks for your help. Have a nice day.

Exercise 1 LOOK at the list of things that may be said to you when you make a business
telephone call. MATCH them with the list of reasons why they might be said to
you!

1. I’m a bit tied up at the moment. a. The other person would like you to wait.
2. Please bear with me for a b. The other person is agreeing to a possible
moment. agreement
3. I’ll get back to you soon. c. The person is in the middle of another call.
4. I’ve got someone on the other d. The person is too busy to speak to you.
line.
5. I’ll pencil that in e. The person is offering to phone you later.

22
C. RECEIVING PHONE CALLS
1. Answering the phone
Indofood Sukses Makmur, this is Amber. How may I help you?
Good morning
afternoon, Indofood Sukses Makmur. How may I help you?

Good morning, Purchasing Department, Frank speaking.

afternoon,

Note:
If we are taking an external call and talking to a customer,
“How may I help you”
If we are taking an internal call we usually say our name and department.
“Purchasing department, Frank speaking”

2. Asking for Identity of the caller

May I have your name, please?
Who am I speaking with?
May I ask who’s calling?
3. Responding to a caller’s request
Sure, let me check on that.
Let me see if she’s available.
Sure, one moment please.

4. Asking someone to wait on the line

Can I put you on hold for a minute?

Do you mind holding while I check on that?

handle that for you?
check to see if he’s available?

5. Putting someone through

I’ll put you through to...
I’ll connect you to....

6. Taking a message
He’s/she’s not available at the moment. Would you like to leave a message?
He’s/she’s out of the office right now. Can I take a message?
I’ll tell Mrs. White that you called.
I’ll make sure Mr. Andrew rings you as soon as possible.

7. Asking someone to call back

Can/could you call back later in the day?

23
 Thank you for waiting. I’m afraid Mr. Collins is not in at the moment.
I’m sorry in a meeting.
out at the moment.

8. Dealing with bad connections/wrong numbers

I’m sorry, we have a bad connection.
Could you give me your number and I’ll call you back?

I’m sorry, you have the wrong number.

9. Ending the call

Is there anything else I can help you with?

do for you?

Ok, thanks for calling. Have a great day.

good day.

Exercise 2 Rearrange the telephone conversation !

Sandra is telephoning a company to talk to Ruth. First she talks to the company’s receptionist,
then to Ruth’s assistant.

A. Sandra : No, it’s all right thanks. I’ll call her back later.
B. Receptionist : Good morning, Steele Associates. How may I help you?
C. Paula : OK, bye.
D. Sandra : My name is Sandra Tate.
E. Receptionist : I’ll try to connect you.
F. Sandra : Yes, OK. (pause)
G. Paula : The meeting should be over in about an hour. Would you like Ruth to phone
you then?
H. Sandra : Yes, please. (pause)
I. Paula : Paula here, Ruth’s assistant.
J. Sandra : Hello this Sandra Tate, I need to speak to Ruth, please.
K. Receptionist : Who’s calling, please?
L. Sandra : Oh dear, it’s rather urgent.
M. Paula : May I have your name again?
N. Sandra : Well, I’d like to discuss our contract.
O. Paula : Would you mind telling me what it’s about?
P. Sandra : Yes, it’s Sandra Tate.
Q. Receptionist : The line’s still busy. Would you like me to put you through her assistant?
R. Sandra : I’d like to speak to Ruth, please.
S. Paula : I’m afraid she’s in a meeting at the moment.
T. Sandra : Bye

24
D. ARRANGING A MEETING
Being able to arrange, change, postpone and cancel appointments is an important skill in
business English.

1. Asking for an appointment

Formal Situation • I would like to arrange an appointment to discuss.....

• Please would you request a suitable time and place to meet?
Neutral Situation • Would it be possible to meet on (date) at your/my/our offices to
discuss...?
Informal Situation • Can we meet up to talk about...?

2. Suggesting a time

Neutral Situation • Would Tuesday suit you?

• Would you be available on Tuesday?
Informal Situation • What about Monday?
• Let’s say Saturday

3. Agreeing to appointment

Formal Situation • Thank you for your call/email. I would be available to discuss... on
(date) at (time and place).
Neutral/Informal • Tuesday sounds fine. Shall we say around (time) at (place)?
Situation

4. Saying a time is not convenient

Formal Situation • Unfortunately, I will be away on business (say reason). However, if

you are available the following week, I would be glad to arrange a
meeting with you.
• I will be out of the office on Wednesday and Thursday, but I will be
available on Friday afternoon.

5. Cancelling an appointment

Formal Situation • Unfortunately, due to some unforeseen business, I will be unable to

keep our appointment for tomorrow afternoon.
• Would it be possible to arrange another time later this week?
Neutral Situation • I’m afraid that I have to cancel our meeting on Monday, as something
unexpected has come up.
• Would you be free to meet early next week?

6. Apologizing
Formal Situation • I apologize for any inconvenience.
Informal Situation • I’m sorry about cancelling.

25
7. Asking for confirmation

Neutral Situation • Please confirm if this date and time is suitable/convenient for you.
Informal Situation • Can you let me know if this OK for you?

Exercise 3 Complete the conversation gaps (1-10) by choosing the correct questions from
the list of questions (A-J)

Alex, who works for a bank in London, is telephoning Marcus, a colleague in another branch of
the bank, to arrange a meeting with him.

Alex : Hello Marcus, it’s Alex here.

Marcus : Oh, hi, Alex. (1) _____?
Alex : Fine, thanks. (2) _______?
Marcus : Not bad. (3) __________?
Alex : I’m calling to arrange a meeting to discuss that conference we’re both going next
month. (4) __________?
Marcus : Yes, of course. (5) __________?
Alex : Well, I know we’re both very busy, (6) __________?
Marcus : I’m afraid I’ve got another meeting that day. (7) _________?
Alex : Let me see...ah, yes, that looks OK. (8) __________?
Marcus : That’s a bit too early for me. (9) _________?
Alex : Yes, I think so. (10) _________?
Marcus : Yes, that’s fine with me.
Alex : OK, see you then, Bye.
Marcus : Bye.

A. Can you manage Thursday instead?

B. What can I do for you?
C. How are things?
D. Shall we say around 11?
E. How about Tuesday?
F. Could we fix a day and time to meet?
G. What about at 9.00 that morning?
H. And you?
I. When would suit you?
J. Are you free later on?

=====

26
 UNIT 3A
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

Objectives:
1. Students can describe things and places
2. Students are able to use patterns of comparison and contrast

A. Comparison and Contrast

Comparison Contrast
Definition A comparison shows how two a contrast shows how two subjects
subjects are similar are different
Signals Also Although
As But
As well as Differ
Both Even though
In the same way However
Like In contrast
Likewise Instead
Similar Nevertheless
Similarly On the contrary
The same as On the other hand
Too Unlike
While
Unless
Yet

Degree of Comparison
Definition :
Degree of comparison refers to adjectives being written in different forms to compare one, two
or more nouns which are words describing persons, places and things.
The three forms of comparison:
a. Positive Degree : It is the form of adjective that describes one noun
b. Comparative Degree : It is comparative form of the adjectives that compares two
nouns
c. Superlative Degree : It is superlative form of the adjective that compare more than
two nouns.
• The example of adjective with one syllable.

My bag is big. My bag is bigger than yours My bag is the biggest in this room

32
 Positive Degree Comparative Degree Superlative Degree
Young Younger The youngest
Long Longer The Longest
Hollow Hollower The Hollowest
Polite Politer The politest
Clever Cleverer The Cleverest
Tall Taller The tallest
Low Lower the lowest
Short Shorter The shortest
Soft Softer The softest
Cheap Cheaper The cheapest
Sweet Sweeter The sweetest
Thin Thinner Thinnest
Big Bigger Biggest

• The example of adjective with two syllable.

My books are heavy. My books are heavier than her books. My books are the heaviest of all

Positive Degree Comparative Degree Superlative Degree

Easy Easier The Easiest
Happy Happier The happiest
Heavy Heavier The heaviest
Lazy Lazier The laziest
Ugly Uglier The ugliest
Lucky Luckier The Luckiest
Pretty Prettier The prettiest
Tidy Tidier The tidiest

33
• The example of more than two syllables

He is a diligent student. Mark is more diligent than Brian.

Bob is the most diligent student in the classroom.

Positive Degree Comparative Degree Superlative Degree

Beautiful More Beautiful The most Beautiful
Important More important The most important
Difficult More difficult The most difficult
Diligent More diligent The most diligent
Worried More worried The most worried
Boring More boring The most boring
Careful More careful The most careful
Useless More useless The most useless

Positive Degree Comparative Degree Superlative Degree

Good/well Better The best
Bad/ ill Worse The worst
Much / many More The most
Little Less The least
Far Farther The farthest
Late Later The last

34
Exercises 1 Choose the best answer for the blank space.

1. Life in the desert is ........ than life in the mountains.

a. the dreariest b. drearier

2. Honey is ....... medicine.

a. better than b. the best

3. School days are ....... than college days.

a. more enjoyable b. the most enjoyable

4. Black is ...... color

a. more darker b. the darkest

5. This road is ..... one in town.

a. The longest b. more longer than

=====

35
 UNIT 3A
EXERCISE

Exercise 1 Complete each statement, using comparative or superlative form!

1. Sony AX705 is .... (new) .... of our MP3 players.

2. Digital camera is ...... (expensive) ..... than film camera.
3. We have 5 types of camera but the type of Panasonic is .... ( cheap) ... of all.
4. I suggest you to buy Vision 750 because it is .... (popular).... digital camera we sell.
5. Compare to our other camcoders, Diego 770 is ...( easy to use) ....
6. When you want to have a trip, I think Honsu X2 is easy to bring because it is the ...(
small) ... digital camera today.
7. When we compare to Honsu X2, Panasonic is .... ( good ) than Honsu X2.
8. It is ... ( comfortable ) to use Pusan MP3 Player than Power X because of its size.
9. I guess Pusan MP3 Player is not suitable because it is ....( heavy) ... than Prego 5.
10. I think it is ... ( interesting) ... to have Panasonic Y26 than Power X25 Music
players because its color.

Exercise 2 Complete the conversation using comparative of superlative form!

1. A : Do you want to take Power X56 Music player, Pusan MP3 or Honsu X4 ?
B : which is .... ( convenient) ... ?
2. A : All of the brands are interesting.
B : But I want the heavy one. Which brand makes ... (heavy) ....ones?
3. A : Can you help me to compare between film camera and digital camera?
B : Sure. In my opinion Digital camera is .... ( nice) to have.
4. A: The product of Honsu 567 is ... ( beautiful ) than Power H2 MP3.
B : Ok. I will take Honsu 567.
5. A : How much money do you have? I guess this type of MP3 Player is suitable for
you because it is .... ( cheap) ... one.
B : Sure, I take it. Thank you for your suggestion.

Exercise 3 Work in pairs and make ten sentences (compare or contrast) about these
pictures!

price, brand, type,

technology,
special features,
weight, shape

36
 Exercise 4. Work in pairs or in group of three, and discuss ( to compare or contrast)
these types of social media!

Exercise 5 Write a paragraph (to compare or to contrast) about these tourism places in
Indonesia. You can compare or contrast with beautiful places that you have visited.
Lastly, share it in front of the classroom.

Borobudur Temple Bromo mountain

Belitung Pindul Cave

=====

37
 UNIT 3B
EXPRESSING EMOTIONS AND LIKES-DISLIKES

Objectives:
1. Expressing anger or frustration, disappointments, condolences,
guilt, gratitude, excitement
2. Expressing Likes and Dislikes

1. Talking about emotions and feelings

It’s human nature to express and share how we are feeling.. One of the most common questions
in any language is ‘How are you?’ which we use because we want to tell people how we feel
and because we want to know how other people feel.

Sample question:
How are you feeling today?
I’m feeling happy.
What kind of happiness?
Um…very happy.
Why are you feeling very happy?
I’m feeling very happy because the sun is shining.

Expressing Feelings
Sometimes you will need to express an emotion such as joy or sorrow to the person you're
talking to.

Asking about Feelings

To ask about feelings you can use the following questions:
• How are you feeling today?
• You look sad / upset. Are you OK?
• You seem a little bit distracted. Are you alright?
• You seem kind of low today. What's wrong?
• You seem a little blue today. What's the matter?
• What's wrong?
• What's the matter?
• Are you OK / alright?
• Are you happy / angry...?
• Is everything OK / alright...?

Expressing Feelings
To respond to a question about feelings you can use the following expressions:
• I feel a little sad / happy / angry / ....
• I am a little sad / happy / angry / ....
• To be honest, I'm a little bit sad / happy / angry / ....
• It's been a difficult day.
• The thing is that, I am angry / sad / ...

Do you ever feel you should be using other words, apart from happy, sad etc?
38
To speak better English, and to expand your vocabulary about your emotions look at the chart
below:

You can see in the inner circle, there are 6 basic emotional states:
happiness / sad / disgust / anger / fear / surprise

The middle circle shows you different types of happiness, sadness, disgust, anger, fear and
surprise, ranging from mild emotions (not so strong) such as bored to intense emotions (much
stronger) such as despair.
The outer circle provides you with two synonyms (words with a similar but not exactly the same
meaning) for the emotional states in the middle circle.
Example:
Choose a basic emotion, such as happy.
Look at one of the words in the middle circle relating to a specific type of happiness and check
the meaning in your dictionary. Don’t forget to practice the pronunciation and check which
syllable is stressed.

Optimistic (adjective):
hoping or believing that good things will happen in the future:
She is optimistic about her chances of winning a gold medal.

Then, write your own example sentence using the new word. In order to make the example
sentence memorable, write a sentence about yourself or somebody you know personally.
“I was optimistic about my chances of passing the English speaking exam because I had studied
hard for it.”

Try to learn new vocabulary by repeating the meaning several times and use the words in
a memorable context.

39
So, next time somebody asks you how you are feeling, you can have this type of conversation:

How are you feeling today?

I’m feeling happy.
What kind of happy?
I’m feeling positive.
Why are you feeling positive?
I’m feeling positive because the sun is shining and I’m learning new words in English
every day.

Exercise 1 Choose the best expression!

1. This tower stands on solid rock. – ____I didn't know that. (Express surprise.)
a. How interesting! b. Oh really? c. So what? d. That's it!

2. They invited everyone except me. – ___ (Sympathize.)

a. Can I help you? b. I’m sorry to hear that. C. Oh, forget it! d. Who cares?

3. Mommy, I passed my math test! – That's ___ ! (Express approval.)

A. a good idea b. all right c. great d. life

4. it’s too difficult. I can't do it. – Yes, you can. ___ (Encourage.)
a. Don’t ask me why. b. Don't give up. Try again.
c. Stop bothering me. d. What’s the matter?

5. You are going to lose this opportunity. – ___ (Express indifference.)

a. I don't care. b. I don't know. c. I don't think so. d. I don't want to.

6. ___ play the music loudly. (Complain.)

a. If you wish, you can b. I wish you wouldn't c. Let's d. Please

7. I have made your favorite cherry pie for dessert. – ___ (Express joy.)
a. Amazing! b. Incredible! c. Unbelievable! d. Wonderful!

8. ___ Maybe she just missed her bus. I'm sure that she will be here soon. (Ask not to worry.)
a. Take care. b. Take it easy.
c. Take it or leave it. d. Take my word for it.

9. ___ I have burned my finger! (Express physical pain.)

a. Hush! b. Oops! c. Ouch! d. Wow!

10. ___ I'm going to be late again! (Express annoyance.)

a. Alas! b. Oh my, c. Oh well, d. Uh-huh!

One way of expressing feeling is expressing sympathy.

I'm sorry to hear about + Noun / Gerund

I'm sorry to hear about your difficulties with the boss. I know he can be really difficult at
times.
Ellen just told me the news. I'm sorry to hear about your not getting into Harvard!

40
• Please accept my condolence
The phrase that is used to express sympathy when someone has died:
Please accept my condolences. Your father was a great man.
I'm sorry to hear of your loss. Please accept my condolences.

• That's so sad.
That's so sad that you lost your job.
That's so sad that he doesn't love you anymore.

• I hope things get better soon.

This phrase is used when people have been having difficulty over a long period of time.
I know your life has been difficult lately. I hope things get better soon.
I can't believe how much bad luck you've had. I hope things get better soon.

Here are some example dialogues to help you learn when to express sympathy in English.
Example Dialogues
Person 1: I've been rather sick lately.
Person 2: I hope you feel better soon.
Person 1: Tim has been having a lot of troubles lately. I think he might be getting a divorce.
Person 2: I'm sorry to hear about Tim's problems. I hope things get better for him soon.

Exercise 2 Answer the question!

George : Why weren't you at school yesterday?

Bill : I wasn't really feeling well.
George : What was wrong with you?
Bill : My stomach was upset.
George : Do you feel better now?
Bill : I don't really feel too well yet.
George : Do you want anything to make you feel better?
Bill : No, thanks. I already took some medicine.
George : I hope you feel better.
Bill : Thank you.

1. What is the conversation about?

2. Who are the speakers?
3. What’s wrong with Bill?
4. How does George feel? And what does he say?
5. Do you think George is a good friend? Why?

Exercise 3 Choose the correct answer!

1. Laura has not seen her family for 5 years and so she feels very ___ at the moment
A. clumsy b. curious c. homesick

2. George is very ___. He is always breaking something.

a. clumsy b. jealous c. mean

3. We were all ___ when they announced that the President had died.
a. guilty b. shocked c. joyful

41
4. I was ___ that you didn’t come to my party last week.
a. eager b. restless c. disappointed
5. My parents were very ___ when I won an award at university.
a. proud b. angry c. sad

6. After driving for ten hours the bus driver was ___ and needed a good sleep.
a. happy b. exhausted c. confused

7. He bought his only child a pet dog to make him feel ___
a. anxious b. secure c. lonely

8. The children were very ___ so the teacher gave them a lot of homework.
a. mischievous b. shy c. happy

9. Despite all the interviews he could not obtain a job. He started to feel ___
a. grateful b. powerful c. rejected

10. Usually, my mother is very ___ when she meets new people.
a. rude b. hostile c. shy

2. Expressing likes and dislikes

To talk about your likes and dislikes, these expressions can be used:

Expressing likes:
• I like… • I’m mad about…
• I love... • I enjoy…
• I adore… • I’m keen on…
• I ‘m crazy about…

Expressing dislikes:
• I don’t like… • I abhor…
• I dislike... • I can’t bear...
• I hate… • I can’t stand…
Examples of likes and dislikes:

• I'm mad about basketball, but I can’t bear ice hockey.

• I adore reading poetry, but I loathe doing the housework.
• If you neither like nor dislike something:
• "I don't mind doing the housework."

Things to remember about likes and dislikes:

1. When these expressions are followed by a verb, the latter is put in the -ing form.
Examples:
"I like listening to music."
"I hate wearing sunglasses."

I like
I detest VERB+ING
I don't mind

42
 2. Note that" very much" & " a lot" always come after the things you like.
Examples:"I like basketball very much/a lot. NOT" I like very much/a lot basketball."

3. Be careful when you use "I don't mind..."

Examples: "Do you mind playing football?"
"No, I don't mind."(Although it's in a negative form, it means that it's ok for
me. I neither love it nor hate it.)

Exercise 4 Write sentences. ♥♥ = love; ♥ = like; X= don’t like; XX= hate !

1. Jenny / ♥♥ / skateboard = Jenny loves skateboarding.
2. Jenny / XX / shop =
______________________________________________________
3. Seb / ♥♥ / play football =
______________________________________________________
4. Seb and Jenny / ♥ / dance =
______________________________________________________
5. Luke / X / dance =
______________________________________________________
6. Luke / ♥ / watch cricket =
______________________________________________________
7. Emma and Jenny / X / get up early =
__________________________________________________
8. Emma / XX / swim =
______________________________________________________

Exercise 5 Write your own dialogue based on the sample dialogue below!
Daniele : Do you like playing football Stephen?
Stephen : Yes, I love it! What about you?
Daniele : Well, I don’t like playing football but I love watching it on TV.
Stephen : That’s interesting. So, besides that what do you like doing in your free time?
Daniele : Well, I’m fond of swimming and sewing, I also enjoy gardening and cooking.
Stephen: Sewing? Can you make your own clothes?
Daniele : Just learning, what do you think of this skirt? This is my first master piece. Hahaa...
Stephen : Not bad for a beginner. Hahaa.. but for cooking is not for me, I hate cooking.
Daniele : No problem, one day I can make your favorite dish.

=====

43
 UNIT 3B
EXERCISE

1. Expressing emotions
Exercise 1 Answer the questions!

Amanda: Why didn't you go to school yesterday?

Brandon: I stayed home because I wasn't feeling well.
Amanda: What was your problem?
Brandon: My stomach was bothering me.
Amanda: Are you feeling any better?
Brandon: I'm still feeling a little sick.
Amanda: I'm going to the store, would you like me to buy some medicine?
Brandon: That's okay.
Amanda: I hope you feel better.
Brandon: I'd appreciate that.

1. What is the conversation about?

2. How does Amanda feel? What does she say?
3. Who is going to buy the medicine?
4. Do you think Amanda is a nice friend?

Exercise 2 Put the sentences in the correct column of expression !

I heard what happened. My deepest sympathy, (John).

I know how it feels.
I’m extremely sorry to hear about it.
It’s quite unfortunate.
I heard about your tragic loss. I’m extremely sorry.
It’s a pity you couldn’t come.
I feel I shouldn’t have been so rude to the students. I’m so sorry if I’ve hurt you.
That’s terrible.
If only I hadn’t failed the test!
Please accept my condolences.
Really, we should have invited them
I’m very sorry to hear about your father. He was such a good man.
Oh, that’s unfortunate! I’m sorry.
I’m sorry to hear that.
(Mary), my deepest sympathy on your sad loss.

Expressing Regret Expressing Sympathy Expressing condolences

44
Exercise 3 Use the situation and expression in exercise 2 to make a conversation with your
friends!

a. Your friend’s mother/father is very sick.

b. Your brother/sister did not pass his/her driving test.
c. Your best friend had a bad mark in English.
d. Your father got a promotion.
e. Your cousin is healthy coming out of the hospital.
f. Your aunt has delivered her first child.

2. Expressing Likes and Dislike

Exercise 4 Complete the dialogues with what or where !

1. A: What does Luke want to do?

B: He wants to play tennis.
2. A: _____ does your best friend come from?
B: She comes from Italy.
3. A: _____ do you go to school?
B: I go to school in Brighton.
4. A: _____ kind of music do your parents like?
B: They like rock music.
5. A: _____does Seb want to be?
B: He wants to be a professional footballer.

Exercise 5 Complete the dialogue!

Check out this photo I’m really into music Luckily,

What are you up to? Never mind.

Nick : Hi, Ella. 1. _______?

Ella : Hi, Nick. I’m going to music practice. 2. _____
Nick : Do you want to come to the skate park with me after music practice?
Ella : But I can’t skateboard.
Nick : 3. _____ . You can learn. 4. _____ I’m a great teacher and the skate park is great, too.
5. ____of me skateboarding.
Ella : Thanks, Nick. See you there!

Exercise 6 Match the sentence halves!

1. Are you OK a. him.

2. Do you want to hang b. so
3. He’s c. out at my place?
4. I can’t d. amazing!
5. I don’t mind e. stand him
6. I suppose f. with that?

45
Exercise 7 Look at the picture and fill the blanks!

Sarah
Sarah loves playing the trumpet. She likes listening to jazz. She doesn’t like listening to pop
music and she hates playing sports.

Jack
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Martha
_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Lance
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

You
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 8 Write questions about the people from Exercise 7 then answer the questions!

1. A: Does Lance like skateboarding?

B: Yes, he does. He goes to the skate park every afternoon. (go / skate park / every afternoon)
2. A: ________________________________________________________________________
B: No, she doesn’t. (never / listen / pop music)
3. A: ________________________________________________________________________
B: Yes, he does. (play / cricket / Sundays)
4. A: ________________________________________________________________________
B: No, she doesn’t. But (do / homework / every weekday / after school)

46
Exercise 9 Complete the dialogue with the sentences in Exercise 6!

Carmen : Oh, hi Diana! Hi, Mary! What are you doing?

Diana : We’re playing computer games. We went to play tennis but it’s raining.
Carmen: Never mind. (1) __________________ ? We can make some popcorn and watch a
DVD.
Diana : Great I love popcorn. Mary (2)_______________________?
Mary : Yes, (3) ___________________________________________ .
Diana : What kind of DVD id it?
Carmen : It’s a film with Jim Carrey. What do you think? Do you like him?
Maria : Oh no! (4) _____________________________ I don’t think he’s funny.
Carmen: Well, we can watch an old black and white film with Charlie Chaplin.
Diana : Oh cool! I love Chaplin (5) __________________________________
Maria : He’s OK. (6)________________________________________________

Exercise 10 Choose the correct answers to complete the email!

From : robcoolman@freak.com
To : hardrockguy@123email.com
Subject : News from Greenland

Hi Harold,

Thanks for your email. Do I (1) ___ living in Australia? Yes, I love it here. Check (2) ___ the
photo of Sydney Harbour!
My new school is cool and I hang (3) ___ with three friends, Rosa is Brazilian and she (4) ___
from Rio. Eric and Janice (5) ___ Irish. They come from Dublin. Eric’s father and Janice’s
mother are brother and sister.
The weather in Sydney is amazing! It’s sunny and hot, and I (6) ___ at home a lot. (7) ___
Monday afternoons I play football, and on Wednesdays Eric and I play cricket. We love it but
the girls (8) ___ like sports. Rosa’s (9) ___ dancing and she wants me to do dancing classes
with her! Janice loves swimming. I like it too but Eric can’t swim !!!
What (10) ___ at weekends? Well, I sometimes go skateboarding. There’s a great skate park
near my house. What are you up (11) ___? Say hi from me to my old friends in England!

Robby

1. a. like b. likes c. liking

2. a. up b. in c. out
3. a. up b. in c. out
4. a. come b. comes c. is coming
5. a. am b. is c. are
6. a. don’t stay b. not staying c. do stay
7. a. Every b. At c. On
8. a. isn’t b. don’t c. not
9. a. into b. on c. in
10. a. am I doing b. do I c. do I do
11. a. on b. to c. for

47
Exercise 11 Answer True (T), False (F) or Not mentioned (NM) based on the email above!

1. Robby likes living in Australia 6. Eric likes swimming

2. His new house is big 7. The weather in Sydney is not good
3. Eric and Janice are cousins 8. The girls love sports a lot
4. Robby plays cricket on Mondays 9. Rosa is fond of dancing
5. Robby likes dancing 10.Both of the boys can swim very well

Exercise 12 Make your own email letter to your friend tell him/her about your new place
by using the words given

sometimes love hate like always play study

I hope things get better I feel happy It has been a difficult day

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

===

48
 EXERCISE
UNIT 3

1. NUMBERS

Exercise 1
Label the pictures with the
following vocabulary:

half, sale, fraction, sign,

calendar, grapefruit, whole,
date, scoreboard, number,
display, calculator, printing,
accounting, algebra, plus,
equals, times

Exercise 2 Read the numbers in the pictures above, ask your friend the questions below
and choose the correct pictures!

No Questions Answers
1 What time/it/?
2 When/your birthday/?
3 What/you use calculator for/?
4 How many points/ the home team winning by/?
5 What/the exchange rate between your currency and the US
dollar?
6 How many floors/there in your office (school, home)?
7 What/9 divided by 3/?
8 What/you like to buy at half- price sales

27
Exercise 3 Choose and fill the missing words!

call back – dialed – directory - got through – help - hold on – message – mine - phone number –
reach – speaking - wrong number

Yesterday, I wanted to call my friend Jane but I couldn’t remember her (1) ___, however I knew
it began with 586792, so I (2) ___ what I thought could be the right number. Someone
answered and said “Hello, James Brown (3) ___. Can I (4) ___?”
Oh I said, “Could I speak to Jane, please? She is a friend of (5) ___ . Well James Brown said,
“Can you (6) ___ please, I’ll go and tell her someone is asking for her. He came back 5 minutes
later and said I’d better (7) ___ in half an hour. I did so and (8) ___ to James Brown’s office
again. “Hello”, he said, “but there’s no Jane here, you must have dialed a (9) ___ . “What a
shame!” I said; “I wanted to go out with her tonight but I don’t know how to (10) ___ her now!”
“If you give me some information about her I’ll try to check in the (11) ___, James Brown said.
He left me a (12) ___ two hours later and that was the reason now he is my husband.

There are one or two points to consider when you are listening to a telephone number in
English.
• O is pronounced “oh” and you are most unlikely to hear “zero
• If there is a double number, we say “double 7”
• We don’t say the numbers one by one; rather we read them in groups of 2 or 3.
Example:
13554684616 = 13-double 5- 468-46-16

Exercise 4. Match the Questions with the Answers!

Questions
1 I'm sorry, I didn't catch your name.
Could you spell it, please?
2 Is that with a D at the end, D for
David?
3 Did you say your number is 624 426?
4 Is that with B for Bravo or V for
Victor?
5 Where did you say you're calling
from?
6 Is that with one M in the middle or
two?
7 The code for Sweden is 49, right?
8 Is that Ginola like the football player?
Answers
A No, actually it's 46.
B It's Valladolid with a V at the
beginning, V for Victor.
C No, it's Schmidt with a T at the end, T
for Tommy.
D Two. T-I-double-M-E-R-M-A-N.
E No, 642 246.
F Springer Verlag in Hamburg.
G Krieslovski. K-R-I-E-S-L-O-V-S-K-I.
H No, it's with two Ns in the middle.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Answers

28
Exercise 5 Match the phrase with their meaning and then translate them! Use the phrases
to fill the gaps in the dialogue below!

Phone English Meaning Translation

1. Available ___ a. I want to speak about
2. Call back b. Don’t hang up
3. I’m calling ___ c. phone again
4. Leave a message d. reachable, ready
5. Please hold the line ___ e. connect me with
6. Put me through to f. leave a note
7. Suit ___ g. be convenient for

Receptionist : Douglass Marine Engineering. How can I help you?

Marie Clark : Hello. Could you (1) ___ Mr. Douglass, please.
Receptionist : Yes. Could you tell me who’s calling, please?
Marie Clark : Yes, my name’s Marie Clark. (2) ___ repairs to my submarine.
Receptionist : Could you hold the line please, Ms. Clark?
(waiting)
Receptionist : Hello, I’m afraid Mr. Douglass is in a meeting right now. Would you like to
(3)___?
Marie Clark : No, it’s OK. Can you tell me the best time to (4) ___?
Receptionist : After lunch, at 4:30.
Marie Clark : Thank you and goodbye.
(at 4:30)
Marie Clark : Hello this Marie Clark again. Is Mr. Douglass (5) ___ now?
Receptionist : Yes, he is. Just a moment (6) ___ .
Mr. Douglass : Ah, Ms. Clark. How can I help you?
Marie Clark : Hello Mr. Douglass. I’d like to arrange a meeting to talk about my submarine.
Mr. Douglass : Of course. Would Monday morning (7)___ you?
Marie Clark : I’m afraid not. How about Tuesday?
Mr. Douglass : That would be fine. Let me see. Would 10 o’clock be convenient for you?
Marie Clark : Perfect. I look forward to our meeting.
Mr. Douglass : Me, too. Goodbye.
Marie Clark : Goodbye.

Exercise 6 Rearrange the sentences to make a suitable conversation!

Scene: Pam and Bob work in different departments of ABC incorporated. Bob is calling Pam.

A. Pam : Hello Bob. How can I help you?

B. Bob : Yes - I'm meeting a customer in the morning, but the afternoon is fine
C. Pam : Good. So, I’ll see you on Wednesday, then. Good bye.
D. Bob : Good bye.
E. Pam : Hello. Pam Robertson, speaking.
F. Bob : I’m calling about the new advertising budget meeting. Are you free on Tuesday
afternoon?
G. Pam : Let me see. Sorry I'm visiting the new factory all day on Tuesday. How about
Wednesday at two p.m.?
H. Bob : Oh hello Pam, it’s Bob here.

29
Exercise 7 Exchange information with your partner and fill the appointment schedule!

STUDENT A

4 Mon 8 Fri
11 am _______________ (1) _______ (4) Meeting at Berlin Office
3 pm Call Julian 5 pm ___________________(5)

5 Tue 9 Sat
12:30 pm Lunch with _____ (2) 11:30 am Golf with Tom and Harry
1 pm Tour new plant

6 Wed
10 am _______________(3)
7 pm Tennis with Linda
7 Thu
9 am Fly to Berlin
10 Sun
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Your partner has the missing information.

• Use the Present Continuous to ask questions. Fill in the blanks.
Question: (1) __________________________________________________________
(2) __________________________________________________________
(3) __________________________________________________________

• Your partner will also ask questions. Answer them using the Present Continuous.
• Arrange a meeting with your partner about recruiting new employee. (Day and Date)
• Report to class.
STUDENT B

4 Mon 8 Fri
11 am Sales Meeting 9:30 am Meeting at Berlin Office
3 pm Call ___________(1) 5 pm Catch evening flight

5 Tue 9 Sat
12:30 pm Lunch with Tom 11:30 am Golf with
_______(2) Tour new plant _____________(5)

6 Wed 10 Sun
10 am Visit Head Office
7 pm ______________(3)
1 2 3
7 Thu 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
_______(4) Fly to Berlin
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Your partner has the missing information.

• Use the Present Continuous to ask questions. Fill in the blanks.
Question: (1) __________________________________________________________
(2) __________________________________________________________
(3) __________________________________________________________
(4) __________________________________________________________
(5) __________________________________________________________
30
• Your partner will also ask questions. Answer them using the Present Continuous.
• Arrange a meeting with your partner about recruiting new employee. (Day and Date)
• Report to the class.

Exercise 8 WORK with your partner!

Your partner wants to arrange a meeting next week. However, you're very busy!
Think of three reasons why you are busy.
1. ___________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________

Make a telephone conversation with your partner:

• Your partner will suggest a time. Say you are busy, and use one of the above reasons.
• Your partner will then suggest a different time. Accept the second time.

Exercise 9 CHOOSE 3 (three) numbers and MAKE each conversation with your partner!
(Change your partner)

No. Student 1 Student 2

1. You are calling your friend Bob. His No one at your home is named Bob.
number Your number is 555-4881.
is 555-4481.
2. You are calling your friend Mary to invite You are Mary, student 1 friend.
her family to have dinner together with
your family.
3. You are calling your supervisor Joshua You are the receptionist at the company
Smith to tell him that you will be 2 hours where student 1 works
late for work today. Your mother is sick
and you must take her to the hospital.
4. You are Laura and you work with student You are calling your friend and co worker
2. Laura because your car is at the mechanic.
You need a ride to work.
5. You are student 2 client. You are calling your client to change time
and place of tomorrow’s meeting.
6. You are Robert and gives specific You are calling your friend Robert, asking
description about each material. him about some materials for Monday’s
project.

====

31
 UNIT 4
DESCRIBING PAST ACTIVITIES AND
EXPERIENCE

Objectives:
1. Students are able to use and differ the function
of Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense

The Form
Simple Past Present Perfect Simple
irregular verbs: irregular verbs:
see 2nd column of irregular verbs form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbs
Example: Example:
I spoke I / you / we / they have spoken
he / she / it has spoken
regular verbs: regular verbs:
infinitive + ed form of 'have' + infinitive + ed
Example: Example:
I worked I / you / we / they have worked
he / she / it has worked
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ed':
▪ when the final letter is e, only add d
Example:
love - loved
▪ after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled
Example:
admit - admitted
▪ final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English)
Example:
travel - travelled
▪ after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel)
Example:
worry - worried
but: play – played

SIGNAL WORDS:

Simple Past Present Perfect Simple

▪ yesterday ▪ just
▪ ... ago ▪ already
▪ in 1990 ▪ up to now
▪ the other day ▪ until now / till now
▪ last ... ▪ ever
▪ (not) yet
▪ so far
▪ lately / recently

49
Exercise 1A Match the tense uses and clue words with the past simple and present perfect!

USES Clue Words

A. a finished action in the past ago yesterday
B. an unspecific time in the past since ever
when yet
C. an action that began in the past and continues
D. a specific time in the past

USES
Past Tense Present Perfect Tense
(1) (3)
(2) (4)

Clue Words
Past Tense Present Perfect Tense
(1) (3)
(2) (4)

Exercise 1B Number the uses and Fill the gaps in the brackets using either Present
Perfect or Past Simple Uses!

1. ( ) Tom : I _____ Anna for a long time. (to see, negative)

2. ( ) Sue : Really? I _____ her yesterday. (to see)
3. ( ) They _____ to France two years ago. (to go)
4. ( ) Frank lost his wallet on Sunday but he _____ it in his drawer. (to find)
5. ( ) _____you _____been to Belitong Island? (to be)
6. ( ) We _____ in this house for 20 years and we’re very happy here. (to live)
7. ( ) I know Palembang quite well. I _____ there for five years when I was in Elementary
School. (to live)
8. ( ) She feels great. She _____ five kilos since the end of the year. (to lose)
9. ( ) It’s cold in here because someone _____ the window. (to open)
10.( ) Before they bought the car, they _____ about it very carefully. (to think)

If you want to express that an action happened at a certain time in the past (even if it was just a
few seconds ago) or that an action has just / already / not yet happened look at the example
below :

Simple Past Present Perfect Simple

certain time in the past
Example:
I phoned Mary 2 minutes ago.
She went to Bandung yesterday.
My sister called me last week.
They studied English every day last
week.
just / already / not yet
Example:
I have just phoned Mary.
(I phoned a few minutes ago)
My mother has already washed up.
(It is done but we don’t know when)
Santi and Brenda still haven’t finished
their homework.
(the homework is still unfinished)
They haven’t arrived yet.
(They are still on their way to the place)

50
Exercise 2 Fill the gaps with already, yet, just and still !
1. Aunt Laura sends her love. I’ve ______ seen her in the high street.
2. We better not eat noodles again. We’ve _____had them four times this week.
3. Ralph: I can I go online now. I need to check my email.
Sue : Sorry. I _____haven’t finished using the computer.
4. Have you seen the movie “Rogue One-A Star Wars Story” _____ .
5. I _____ haven’t booked my ticket. I must book it today.
6. Angela : Have you cleaned the room ____?
Susan : I have _____ done it. I did it half an hour ago.
7. The government _____hasn’t said anything about the oil slick.
8. George : Do you know anything about Mr. Sanders?
Betty : Oh he’s fine, he has got a sore throat. I have ____ spoken to him on the phone.
9. My friend hasn’t submitted her proposal _____. She said she will do it when she gets back
from Bali.
10.Uncle Harry _____ hasn’t bought the gift. I hope he will do it soon.

Certain event in the past or how often so far?

If you want to express when a certain action took place or whether / how often an action has
happened till now look at the example.

Simple Past Present Perfect Simple

certain event in the past whether / how often till now
Example: Example:
He went to Canada last summer. Have you ever been to Canada? / I
have been to Canada twice

Using BEEN and GONE in Present Perfect

The Director has been to France. (The director is back here now)
The Director has gone to France. (The director is in France now)

Exercise 3 Fill the gaps with either been or gone !

1. Have you ____ to the post office yet?
2. My friend is so upset. Her cat’s ____missing.
3. Kitty! There you are. Where have you ____?
4. When Randall woke up, he was surprised, his money and mobile phone were ____ .
5. Greg : Hello, is Monica there?
Mary : No, she isn’t. She’s ____ out.

If you just want to express what happened in the past or to emphasize the result (a past action's
consequence in the present) find the examples below.

Simple Past Present Perfect Simple

Emphasis on action Emphasis on result
Example: Example:
I bought a new bike. I have bought a new bike.
(just telling what I did in the past.) (With this sentence I actually want to
express that I have a new bike now.)
Using Ever and Never in Present Perfect

I have never touched a snake = I haven’t ever touched a snake

51
Exercise 4 Fill the gaps with ever and never!

1. I have _____ been to the United States.

2. She has hated strawberry ice cream ____ since she was a little girl.
3. Have you _____ been to Bunaken?
4. I saw a film last night and I have ____ felt so sad in my life
5. Dan has seen the doctor because he has been feeling more frustrated than _____ .

Using For and Since in Present Perfect Tense

A long time Last autumn

Eight o’clock Nine weeks
Five minutes December

Exercise 5A. Write the time expression into the correct column !

For – periods of time Since – points in time

Exercise 5B. Fill the gaps with ‘for or since’ !

1. I’ve lived in Jakarta ____ 15 years now.

2. Frank has had internet at home ____ October last year.
3. Our boss hasn’t come to the office ____ three days now.
4. Have you been married ____ a long time?
5. Fred hasn’t seen Betty ____ his school years.

Exercise 6 Match the job interview questions (1-5) with their answers (a-e) !

____ 1. How many jobs have you had since leaving university?
____ 2. Why have you changed jobs so often?
____ 3. What have you done that shows leadership?
____ 4. In what ways have your job changed since you joined the company?
____ 5. Have you ever worked with a difficult person?

a. I now have more responsibility and work longer hours.

b. Well I lead the sales team. I’m also chairperson of a local business association.
c. I wanted to earn more money.
d. Well the boss in my last company wasn’t easy to work with.
e. I’ve worked for six companies.

Exercise 7 Complete these interview questions using the present perfect or past tense
forms of the verbs in the bracket !

1. How _____ you _____ (to change) over the last five years?
2. How long ____ you _____ (to work) there?
3. What other jobs _____ you _____ (to apply) recently?
4. What kind of people _____ you _____ (to work) with?
5. Why _____ you _____ (to resign)?
52
6. What sort of bosses _____ you _____ (to have)?
7. What sort of problems _____ you _____ (to deal) with?
8. _____ you like _____ (to work) in your previous company?

Exercise 8 Answer the questions in exercise 7 !

1. ___________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________________________________________
8. ___________________________________________________________________________

PAST TENSE for JOB INTERVIEW

❖Responsibilities
A : So, what exactly did you do in the company?
B : I was responsible for new product development. I reported directly to the CEO.
A : What did that involve?
B : I supervised a team of designers. We all had to think of ideas, tested them and developed
the ones that we think will succeed.
A : It sounds challenging.
B : It is and I really enjoy it.

❖ Qualifications for the job

A : I hear you studied in Finland.
B : That’s right. I did a degree in Engineering at Tampere Technical University and then I
worked in a small software company in Helsinki.
A : Why did you decide to stay in Finland?
B : I was very interested in the job. I wanted to put my training into practice. The experience
was very good and certainly helped me to get this job.

Writing a CV

Maria Jones
Digital Marketing Specialist
Profile
I have five years' experience in various digital marketing roles. I have a proven ability to create
successful marketing campaigns in line with brand identity and values. I am a strong
collaborator with outstanding communication skills, and have comprehensive experience of
using my specialist knowledge and expertise in analytics for a wide variety of marketing
initiatives.

53
Employment History
June 2017 – present
Digital Marketing Specialist for Zinco, a global insurance start-up
• My role involves working to tight deadlines to design, create and launch marketing
campaigns via social media.
• I have developed advanced knowledge of a range of social media platforms and digital
marketing tools.
• I specialise in driving successful campaigns and excel in analysing their impact.
• I have experience launching digital billboards in places such as train stations and
shopping centres.
Sept 2016 – June 2017
Creative break from employment to travel and blog
• I travelled through 12 countries, met several professional bloggers and started my own
travel blog.
• I built up a community of followers and started to monetise my blog through sponsored
posts.
May 2014 – Aug 2016
Digital Marketing Assistant, Krunch Ltd
• Responsibility for overall social media strategy and regular posting on key channels.
• I played a key role in numerous campaigns to boost engagement with our brand.
• I also supported three product launches.
Education
2014 Diploma in Digital Marketing, Leeds Beckett University, UK
2012 A-levels (Psychology, English, Art & Design), Leeds City College, UK
Skills and Interests
Competent WordPress developer
Skilled in Adobe InDesign and Adobe Illustrator
Advanced Spanish (C1)
Intermediate German (B1)
Photography
Travel
References
Available on request

54
TIPS

1. Start with a short profile to show who you are and what you offer.
2. List your employment history, starting with the present.
3. Explain any gaps, for example time spent travelling or having children.
4. Use bullet points for your main responsibilities and experience in each role. Choose the
aspects of your previous jobs that are most relevant to the new job you are applying for.
5. Then give your educational background. List the relevant qualifications that you have,
starting with the most recent. Include the title of your qualification, where you studied
and the date you successfully completed it.
6. Consider putting Education above Employment if you don't have a lot of work
experience yet.
7. List other experience or interests you may have if they are relevant to the job.
8. If you have someone who could support your application, add their contact details or
say References available on request at the end.

Exercise 9. Decide if the statement is true or false

1. It is a good idea to start with a short summary about you.

2. You should write your work history in order, with your most recent job at the end.
3. You should list all your responsibilities in detail.
4. You should give the full title of your qualifications, with the date you passed each one and
the organisations that awarded them to you.
5. It is a good idea to include hobbies if they are relevant to the job.
6. Include references to support your application if you can.

Exercise 10. Put the words in order

1. roles/I have/experience/five years’/in/various
2. my/involves working/to/role/tight/deadlines.
3. I/digital/in/specialize/marketing.
4. analysis/excel/in/I/impact
5. statistics/have/knowledge/advanced/of/I
6. proven/a/successful campaigns/create/I have/ability to

====

55
 UNIT 4
EXERCISE

Exercise 1 Fill the crossword!

YESTERDAY I .......

ACROSS
1. ___ my lunch to work.
4. ___ to do my homework.
6. ___ the answer to a question.
9. ___ an e-mail to my friend.
11. ___ at a bus stop for 10 minutes.
12. ___ my favorite magazine.
15. ___ a mistake on a test.
17. ___ a picture of a tree.
19. ___ the pen. I still have it.
23. ___ ten dollars at a store.
24. ___ a ball at the park.
26. ___ in an airplane.
28. was late, but they ___ on
time.
29. ___ my car to a park.

DOWN
1. ___ an egg on the floor.
2. ___ about a difficult problem.
3. ___ to the library to read a
book.
5. ___ my little brother to a
cinema.
7. ___ the blue pen, not the red
one.
8. ___ a baby in my arms.
10. ___ a sock under my bed.
11. ___ in a swimming pool.
12. ___ my bicycle to school.
13. ___ a glass of orange juice.
14. ___ my homework.
16. didn’t ___ breakfast.
18. ___ a story about a princess.
20. ___ my key. I couldn’t find it.
21. ___ my brother’s cookie.
22. ___ to class late.
25. ___ a strange sound at midnight.
27. ___ very happy.

56
Exercise 2 Put the past tenses of verbs into the spaces provided based on the short stories!

1. Three year old Maria Andrew from Semarang _____ sixty feet from the bridge to the sea
blow her. The sea carried her towards open waters and the waves ____ her back and forth.
Fortunately, some fishermen _____ her and quickly pulled her out and _____ the police.

fall ring see throw

2. A French jet pilot _____ from Dijon Air base, but the jet’s engines _____ wrong, The pilot
ejected, but the plane didn’t crash. The engines _____ working again. The jet _____ for
more than one hour over three countries. Finally it crashed near Madrid, Spain. It _____
some trees in a field. Fortunately no one was hurt.
begin take off fly hit go

3. Twelve year old Thomas Gregory who was from London, is the youngest person to swim the
English Channel. He _____ the thirty-one mile in just 11 hours and 55 minutes. He ___ hot
tomato soup because he ___ so cold in the water. Often he __ not see anything and that was
the worst thing. He was very pleased when he finally arrived on the beach in France.

can drink feel swim

The past tense is used to write down short stories and become news. Try writing your own short
story and make your own news and present it in front of the class.

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3 Look at the pictures, fill in the missing words and be a good detective!
(There are some verbs at the bottom to help you)!

The police believe that this man took part in a robbery in London last weekend. He tells them
that he was not in London at the weekend. His alibi is that he was in Scotland.

57
On Friday, I traveled by underground to
Heathrow Airport. I _____ some _____ at
the airport. Then I _____ to _____ on a British Airways flight. I _____ dinner at the _____
restaurant in Edinburgh, after dinner I _____ a film at Odeon Cinema. My ticket _____ ₤ ___ I
____ at the Cumberland Hotel in Room ___ . On Saturday morning I _____ a car and _____ to
St. Andrews, I _____ a deposit of ₤ ___ . In the afternoon I _____ fishing and in the evening I
_____ to Edinburgh. On Sunday morning I _____ the 10.55 _____ to London. I _____ back in
London at 17.05.

travel see hire return cost buy fly

arrive pay drive go have stay catch

Give your reason :

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

58
Exercise 5 Fill the blanks with the words in the brackets!

The vacancy being discussed is that of "Assistant Manager" in a clothing shop.

1. Arrival and first chat

Interviewer : Hello, are you Ben Grey?

You : Yes, hello.
Interviewer : I’m Isabelle Hall. I'm the general manager here. How do you do?
You : (1) _______________ (to do)
Interviewer : Did you find us OK?
You : Yes, all fine. I (2) __________ (to take) the train and (3) ________(to walk)
from the station.
Interviewer : Fine. I understand you've come in to discuss our vacancy for assistant
manager?
You : Yes, that's right.
Interviewer : Great. Why don't you come through and we can have a proper chat.
You : Sure, thank you.

2. Questions about your current job

Interviewer : I (4) _______ (to have) a chance to look at your CV yet. (5) _______ (to
bring) a copy with you?
You : Yes, here you are.
Interviewer : Thank you. I see that currently you (6) _______ (to work) at ABC company
as a senior sales assistant. What responsibilities (7) _______ (to have) there?
You : Well, on a day to day basis I (8) ______ (to deal) with customers in the shop
area and I handle cash and card transactions. However in the last six months I
(9) ____ (to be given) other responsibilities, like taking customer complaints
and supervising stock levels.
Interviewer : I see. Have you had any experience with purchasing stock as well?
You : Yes, I (10) _______ (to be asked) to collect input from other sales assistants
when the store manager selects new clothing ranges. I (11) _______ (to visit)
3 of our suppliers with him recently and I often speak to them by phone.
Interviewer : Great. What (12) ________ (to discuss) with them?
You : Usually it's queries about delivery and availability of certain items. But I also
often negotiate returns of items that are unsatisfactory or damaged.

Exercise 6 For part 3 and 4 fill in the gaps with one of the following : ‘A’, ‘An’, ‘The’, or
‘zero article’ (Ø) !

3. Asking about experience

Interviewer : And what would you say is (1) __ most challenging part of managing (2) __
team?
You : Basically, I think it's important to ensure everyone is working to (3) ____
target. For example, I discuss (4) ____ sales goals with each sales assistant
and check their progress throughout the day.
Interviewer : What if there is (5) ____ emergency?

You : Well, I think a team needs to be flexible. I see it as my job to anticipate (6) __
problems and delegate (7) ____ responsibility if necessary

59
4. Closing questions

Interviewer : Great. Before we finish I'd like to ask you (8) ____ couple of general
questions.
First of all, what would you say are your strengths as a manager?
You : I would say I have two main strengths.(9)__first is that I'm good with (10) __
people -I enjoy motivating a team and identifying skills. Secondly,I'm (11) __
very target-driven person, which means I can organize people better.
Interviewer : And your weaknesses?
You : Well, I have very high expectations from myself and others, and (10) ___
people sometimes say I am (12) ___ perfectionist.
Interviewer : Well I'm very impressed. Do you have any questions you'd like to ask?
You : Thank you, no I don’t.
Interviewer : Thank you for coming. I'll be in touch in (13) ____few days.
You : I'll look forward to it. It's been (14) ____ pleasure meeting you.

Exercise 7 Choose a topic and discuss with your friend and make a good interview
dialogue !

Each student chooses the role and decides whether they want to be the interviewer or the
interviewee. Make a dialogue about interviewing job.

You want a job as a nurse but you haven’t treated any patients yet. Don’t tell your partner
what your problem is until they ask the right question. For the answers to other questions, use
your imagination.
You want a job as an estate agent but you have only been working as an estate agent for
one week. Don’t tell your partner what your problem is until they ask the right question. For
the answers to other questions, use your imagination.
You want a job as a car salesman but you’ve only sold one car in two years. Don’t tell
your partner what your problem is until they ask the right question. For the answers to other
questions, use your imagination.
You want a job as a doctor but you have accidently lost two patients. Don’t tell your
partner what your problem is until they ask the right question. For the answers to other
questions, use your imagination.
You want a job as a heart surgeon but you’ve been working as a plastic surgeon, not a
heart surgeon. Don’t tell your partner what your problem is until they ask the right question.
For the answers to other questions, use your imagination.
You want to be an office worker but you haven’t used a computer before. Don’t tell your
partner what your problem is until they ask the right question. For the answers to other
questions, use your imagination.
You want to be a policeman but you’ve been in prison. Don’t tell your partner what your
problem is until they ask the right question. For the answers to other questions, use your
imagination.

60
Exercise 8.

Make your own CV

=====

61
 UNIT 5
JOB INTERVIEW, CURRICULUM VITAE AND APLICATION LETTER

A. JOB INTERVIEW

The best way to get ready for an interview is to take the time to review the most
common interview questions you will most likely be asked. You don't need to memorize
an answer, but do take the time to consider how you'll respond. The more you prepare, the
more confident you'll feel during a job interview.
There are some questions that usually asked by interviewer:
a. Question about you.
• Tell me about yourself.
• What is your greatest strength?
• What is your greatest weakness?
• What makes you unique?
• How will your greatest strength help you perform?
• How do you handle failure?
• How do you handle success?
• How do you handle stress and pressure?
• How would you describe yourself?
• Are you nice?
• Describe your work style.
• Do you work well with other people?
• How many hours a week do you normally work?
• What motivates you?
• What do you find are the most difficult decisions to make?
• What are your hobbies?
• What is your dream job?

b. Question about Leaving your job.

• Why are you leaving your job?

• Why do you want to change jobs?
• Why were you fired?
• Why were you laid-off?
• Why did you quit your job?
• Why did you resign?
• What have you been doing since your last job?
• Why have you been unemployed?
c. Question about salary.

• What were your starting and final levels of compensation?

• What are your salary expectations?
• What are your salary requirements?
• Why would you take a job for less money?

d. Qualification questions.

• What applicable experience do you have?

• Are you overqualified for this job?
• How did you impact the bottom line?
• Interview questions about your abilities.
• Sell me this pen.
• Tell me about your educational background.
• What can you do better for us than the other candidates for the job?
• What part of the job will be the least challenging for you?
• Which parts of this job are the most challenging for you?

e. Management and team work.

• Who was your best boss and who was the worst?
• Describe your ideal boss.
• If you know your boss is 100% wrong about something, how would you handle it?
• What do you expect from a supervisor?
• Have you ever had difficulty working with a manager?
• Describe how you managed a problem employee.
• Give some examples of teamwork.

f. The new job and company.

• What interests you about this job?

• What do you know about this company?
• Why do you want this job?
• Why do you want to work here?
• What do you see yourself doing within the first 30 days on the job?
• What can we expect from you in the first 60 days on the job?
 g. Question about future.

• Tell me about the trends in your profession and industry.

• What are you looking for in your next job? What is important to you?
• What is your professional development plan?
• Where do you see yourself five years from now?
• How do you plan to achieve your goals?
• What will you do if you don't get this position?

B. Curriculum Vitae and Application letter

a. An application letter is a document that you submit to a potential employer to express your
interest in an open position. The job application letter explains who you are as a
professional and an individual. The letter should highlight your achievements and skills,
helping to get the attention of the hiring manager or recruiter responsible for reviewing
applications.

Here is the example of an application letter.

Source : https://www.thebalancecareers.com/job-application-letter-sample-2062548
b. Curriculum Vitae ( CV)

A curriculum vitae (CV) provides a summary of your experience, academic background

including teaching experience, degrees, research, awards, publications, presentations, and
other achievements, skills and credentials.

Here is an example of a CV :

Source: https://zety.com/blog/production-assistant-resume-example
 EXERCISES
UNIT 5
JOB INTERVIEW, CURRICULUM VITAE AND APLICATION LETTER

Work in pairs and practice to answer these questions :

a. Question about you.
1. Tell me about yourself.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. What is your greatest strength?
……………………………………………………………………………………..
3. What is your greatest weakness?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. What makes you unique?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
5. How will your greatest strength help you perform?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
6. How do you handle failure?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
7. How do you handle success?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
8. How do you handle stress and pressure?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
9. How would you describe yourself?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
10. Are you nice?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
11. Describe your work style.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
12. Do you work well with other people?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
13. How many hours a week do you normally work?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
14. What motivates you?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
15. What do you find are the most difficult decisions to make?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
16. What are your hobbies?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
17. What is your dream job?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
 b. Question about Leaving your job.

18. Why are you leaving your job?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
19. Why do you want to change jobs?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
20. Why were you fired?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
21. Why did you quit your job?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
22. Why did you resign?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
23. What have you been doing since your last job?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
24. Why have you been unemployed?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
c. Question about salary.

25. What were your starting and final levels of compensation?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
26. What are your salary expectations?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
27. What are your salary requirements?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
28. Why would you take a job for less money?
…………………………………………………………………………………….

c. Qualification questions.

29. What applicable experience do you have?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
30. Are you overqualified for this job?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
31. How did you impact the bottom line?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
32. Tell me about your educational background.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
33. What can you do better for us than the other candidates for the job?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
34. What part of the job will be the least challenging for you?
 …………………………………………………………………………………….
35. Which parts of this job are the most challenging for you?
…………………………………………………………………………………….

d. Management and Team work.

36. Who was your best boss and who was the worst?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
37. Describe your ideal boss.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
38. If you know your boss is 100% wrong about something, how would you handle it?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
39. What do you expect from a supervisor?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
40. Have you ever had difficulty working with a manager?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
41. Describe how you managed a problem employee.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
42. Give some examples of teamwork.
…………………………………………………………………………………….

e. The new job and company.

43. What interests you about this job?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
44. What do you know about this company?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
45. Why do you want this job?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
46. Why do you want to work here?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
47. What do you see yourself doing within the first 30 days on the job?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
48. What can we expect from you in the first 60 days on the job?

f. Question about future.

49. Tell me about the trends in your profession and industry.

…………………………………………………………………………………….
50. What are you looking for in your next job? What is important to you?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
51. What is your professional development plan?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
 52. Where do you see yourself five years from now?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
53. How do you plan to achieve your goals?
…………………………………………………………………………………….
54. What will you do if you don't get this position?
…………………………………………………………………………………….

g. Curriculum Vitae and Application letter

Write a CV and Application letter based on this job vacancy.

Job Descriptions

kumparan is hiring Reporter to join our Editorial Team under the

supervision of the editor, reporter will receive training and
experience of the editorial process. Familiarize yourself with our
style of writing and article format.

• Write a report on the results of the reportage offline

and online (webinars/IG live/talk shows/press
conferences and other virtual events as assigned by
the editor)
• Propose an issue
• Penetrating sources and maintaining the network
• Rephrasing the existing news

Job Requirements

• Currently in bachelor study or just graduated

• Have enthusiasm and expertise in journalism
• Update with all issues
• Good time management skills and the ability to
balance multiple deadlines
• Excellent writing skills, as well as the ability to
communicate and collaborate effectively.

Send your CV and application letter before March 28th 2022, at

kumparan@gmail.com
 UNIT 6

ABSTRACT

A. Definition
An abstract is a short summary of your completed research. An abstract is usually
around 150–300 words, but there’s often a strict word limit, so make sure to check the
requirements of the university or journal.

B. What to include in an abstract?

All abstracts generally cover the following five sections:
1. Background
This section should be the shortest part of the abstract and should very briefly outline
the following information: What is already known about the subject, related to the
paper in question.
2. Purpose
What is the importance of the research? Why would a reader be interested in the
larger work?
3. Problem
What problem does this work attempt to solve? What is the scope of the project?
What is the main argument, thesis or claim?
4. Methodology
An abstract of a scientific work may include specific models or approaches used in
the larger study. Other abstracts may describe the types of evidence used in the
research.
5. Results
An abstract of a scientific work may include specific data that indicates the results of
the project. Other abstracts may discuss the findings in a more general way.
6. Implications
 How does this work add to the body of knowledge on the topic? Are there any
practical or theoretical applications from your findings or implications for future
research?

C. The example of an abstract

The effect of online learning on communication between instructors and students

during Covid-19 pandemic
Mohammad Alawamleh, Lana Mohannad Al-Twait and Gharam Raafat Al-Saht
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business and Finance, American
University of Madaba, Amman, Jordan

This study aims to explore whether online learning has an effect on communication
between instructors and students in a negative way, whether online learning affects
students’ productivity levels and to evaluate and suggest ways of improving effective
online communication between instructors and students. This study used is a quantitative
research study which was conducted through a semi-structured online survey through a
random sample technique. Results revealed that the vast majority agree with the
questions of the study. Students still prefer classroom classes over online classes due to
many problems they face when taking online classes, such as lack of motivation,
understanding of the material, and decrease in communication levels between the
students and their instructors and their feeling of isolation caused by online classes. This
research studied the impact from students’ perspective only as the sample was selected
only from students. This research reached the students’ point of view in a broader way
which will help understanding the issues and provide effective solutions. This research
suggested that instructors must communicate with their students and vice versa in more
informal channels (instant messages online chat groups, audio calls, private video calls
...) in parallel with the formal channels (online platforms, email ...). Finally, instructors
should encourage students to participate and study more by providing different kind of
incentives.
 Keywords Communication, Effective communication, Online learning, Productivity,
Face-to-face learning, Instructors

Source : https://www.uwinnipeg.ca/remote-hub/docs/effect-online-learning-on-
communication-instructor-student.pdf

Analyzing an abstract:

Purpose This study aims to explore whether online learning has an effect
on communication between instructors and students in a negative
way, whether online learning affects students’ productivity levels
and to evaluate and suggest ways of improving effective online
communication between instructors and students.
methodology This study used is a quantitative research study which was
conducted through a semi-structured online survey through a
random sample technique.
Findings Results revealed that the vast majority agree with the questions
of the study. Students still prefer classroom classes over online
classes due to many problems they face when taking online
classes, such as lack of motivation, understanding of the
material, decrease in communication levels between the students
and their instructors and their feeling of isolation caused by
online classes. This research studied the impact from students’
perspective only as the sample was selected only from students.
Implications This research reached the students’ point of view in a broader
way which will help understanding the issues and provide
effective solutions. This research suggested that instructors must
communicate with their students and vice versa in more informal
channels (instant messages online chat groups, audio calls,
private video calls ...) in parallel with the formal channels (online
platforms, email ...). Finally, instructors should encourage
students to participate and study more by providing different
kind of incentives.
 EXERCISE UNIT 6

Analyzing the abstract below based on the characteristic of an abstract (background,

purpose, problem, methodology, result, implication).

1. Exercise 1

Genetic Mechanisms and Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance

Abstract

The spread of antibiotic resistance is aided by mobile elements such as transposons and
conjugative plasmids. Recently, integrons have been recognised as genetic elements that have the
capacity to contribute to the spread of resistance. Integrons constitute an efficient means of
capturing gene cassettes and allow expression of encoded resistance. The aims of this study were
to screen clinical isolates for integrons, characterise gene cassettes and extended spectrum b-
lactamase (ESBL) genes. Subsequent to this, genetic linkage between ESBL genes and
gentamicin resistance was investigated. In this study, 41 % of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria
and 79 % of extended-spectrum b-lactamase producing organisms were found to carry either one
or two integrons, as detected by PCR. A novel gene cassette contained within an integron was
identified from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, encoding a protein that belongs to the small
multidrug resistance (SMR) family of transporters. pLJ1, a transferable plasmid that was present
in 86 % of the extended-spectrum b-lactamase producing collection, was found to harbour an
integron carrying aadB, a gene cassette for gentamicin, kanamycin and tobramycin resistance and
a blaSHV-12 gene for third generation cephalosporin resistance. The presence of this plasmid
accounts for the gentamicin resistance phenotype that is often associated with organisms
displaying an extended-spectrum b-lactamase phenotype.

(Jones 2004, p.9)

Answer :
Background

Purpose

Result
2. Exercise 2

Permeable Treatment Walls

Abstract

A review of groundwater remediation in use today shows that new techniques are required that
solve the problems of pump and treat, containment and in-situ treatment. One such technique is
the method that involves the use of permeable treatment walls. These methods use a reactive
medium such as iron to remediate contaminated groundwater. Several methods of implementing
this remediation strategy have been described. These methods include injection and trenching. The
use of a funnel and gate system via a trench has been examined in detail using a groundwater
modelling option of the FLAC program. The modelling involved an analysis of the effect of
changing the lengths of the walls and gate, varying the permeability, and varying the number of
gates. The results showed that increasing the wall length, gate length and permeability increases
the size of the plume captured. An important factor in designing the walls is the residence time of
the water in the gate or the contact time of the contaminant with the reactive media. A sensitivity
analysis has been conducted that shows that increasing the size of the capture zone decreases the
residence time which will limit the design. The results of the modelling and sensitivity analysis
are presented such that they can be used as an aid to the design of permeable treatment walls.

(Dasey G. 1996 p.i)

Answer :
Background

Purpose

Result

Limitation
Exercise 3.

The Prevalence of Theoretical Behavior Change Components in the Top Breast Cancer
Websites to Encourage Detection or Prevention Behaviors and to Solicit Donations
Carolyn LaPlante Samantha Munday
Under the direction of Dr. Sandi Smith, Communication; Dr. Pamela Whitten,
Telecommunication, Information Studies, and Media
The Internet has become a primary resource for the general public who seek health information
about a variety of topics, including breast cancer. This particular research is part of a larger study
which evaluated the use of basic design tenets and theoretical behavioral change components in
the top 157 breast cancer websites. Fourteen components were taken from three behavioral change
theories. The focus of this particular project was to assess the use of these 14 theoretical
components on breast cancer websites as they persuade users towards prevention or detection
behaviors. It will also discuss how some of these components were additionally used to persuade
users to contribute money to the organizations that sponsor the websites. It should first be noted
that overall, theoretical components were absent from the websites in general. Nine out of the 14
components were found to be used primarily for detection, as opposed to prevention. This is an
important finding because it is just as valuable, if not more so, for a person to prevent a disease as
it is to detect it early. Four of the 14 were considered when assessing persuasion in terms of
fundraising. Of these four that were assessed, three were used more than 50% of the time when
soliciting money. These results lend ideas for future research on such topics as well as ideas to
better the current state of the top breast cancer websites.

Answer :
Background

Purpose

Result
 Exercise 4

Patrick Brown (Robert Carr), 2004

The Effects of Instant Messaging on Young People

The purpose of this research was to examine the effect that computer instant messaging has on
young people, specifically those aged 12- 21. The rapid ascension of instant messaging in the
world of telecommunications and its growing importance to the world in the 21st century makes
it a serious topic for concern, one that’s effects are far-reaching. This rise is particularly prevalent
among young people. Adolescents these days are discovering instant messaging as early as
elementary school, yet this discovery’s merits are still unclear. Through use of focus groups and
interviews of young people aged 12-21 as well as non-experimental research consisting of journal
and newspaper articles, this research will show the impact of instant messaging and its returns on
the younger generation. This generation has grown up with instant messaging and become
accustomed to a world in which people across the planet can communicate with one another with
the click of a mouse. Furthermore, this research will explore the impact of instant messaging in
schools and the workplace and determine if it is a valuable research tool or merely another
distraction for procrastinators looking to pass the time. By answering these questions this research
will greatly enhance our understanding of how people communicate via instant messaging and also
show the many benefits and drawbacks to this relatively new communication tool.

Answer :

Background

Purpose

Result

Conclusion
 UNIT 7
COMMUNICATION ABSTRACT

A. What to include in an abstract?

All abstracts generally cover the following sections:
1. Background
This section should be the shortest part of the abstract and should very briefly outline
the following information: What is already known about the subject, related to the
paper in question.
2. Purpose
What is the importance of the research? Why would a reader be interested in the larger
work?
3. Problem
What problem does this work attempt to solve? What is the scope of the project? What
is the main argument, thesis or claim?
4. Methodology
An abstract of a scientific work may include specific models or approaches used in the
larger study. Other abstracts may describe the types of evidence used in the research.
5. Results
An abstract of a scientific work may include specific data that indicates the results of
the project. Other abstracts may discuss the findings in a more general way.
6. Implications
How does this work add to the body of knowledge on the topic? Are there any practical
or theoretical applications from your findings or implications for future research?
B. Study these following abstract of communication, then analyzing using composition of
abstract

Adam Howe (Rob Carr), 2004

Connection Between Music and Mindset

This research prospectus will examine the connection between the musical genre coined ‘emo’ and
those people who listen to it. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not this type of
music influences its listeners to think in a similar manner. The snowball method will be used to
collect data from individuals between the ages of 15 and 25 years. Using a series of surveys,
interviews and questionnaires, the values and ethics of listeners and non-listeners of emo will be
assessed and compared. This study will focus on the emo and punk cliques while skimming the
surfaces of other styles of music as well. This study will attempt to determine if (1) the music one
listens to relates to certain ethics and values adopted by the listener; (2) those values which the
listener possesses are generally the same as other listeners of similar music; and (3) the values
which these listeners have are drastically different from those of listeners of different styles of
music.

Background : This research prospectus will examine the connection between the musical genre
coined ‘emo’ and those people who listen to it.

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not this type of music
influences its listeners to think in a similar manner.

Method : The snowball method will be used to collect data from individuals between the
ages of 15 and 25 years. Using a series of surveys, interviews and questionnaires, the values and
ethics of listeners and non-listeners of emo will be assessed and compared. This study will focus
on the emo and punk cliques while skimming the surfaces of other styles of music as well.
Ashley Mederios (John Chetro-Szivos), 2005

Fraternity Media Follows Close Trends Creating a Perceived Reality for the Viewer
The popular media portrays fraternities in a negative light. This has been the case for decades. This
study was conducted to begin to look at a mirroring effect. Are the movies and reality shows
accurately portraying fraternity chaos? Or are fraternities running wild because they've "learned"
how a fraternity is expected to act? These questions are what sparked my interest on the topic. I
began to fear that the second assumption was the more correct one. This study analyzes the media
content and its impact on impressions of real-life fraternities. Using Hall's Cultivation and
McComb's Agenda Setting Theories, this thesis is an analysis of major popular fraternity movies
from each of the past three decades. Common themes, conflict resolution, and endings were all
factors in the content analysis. It is important to recognize how the media affects our sense of
reality and our acceptance or rejection of certain groups or behaviors. A reality on the topic of
fraternities is assumed by the viewer because similar situations and themes are presented in each
of the movies over decades, and they are handled in a similar fashion. What one generation was
led to believe, so is the next, including those individuals rushing fraternities.

Background : The popular media portrays fraternities in a negative light. This has been the case
for decades. This study was conducted to begin to look at a mirroring effect.

Problem : Are the movies and reality shows accurately portraying fraternity chaos? Or are
fraternities running wild because they've "learned" how a fraternity is expected to act? These
questions are what sparked my interest on the topic

Method : This study analyzes the media content and its impact on impressions of real-life
fraternities. Using Hall's Cultivation and McComb's Agenda Setting Theories, this thesis is an
analysis of major popular fraternity movies from each of the past three decades.

Result : Common themes, conflict resolution, and endings were all factors in the content
analysis. It is important to recognize how the media affects our sense of reality and our acceptance
or rejection of certain groups or behaviors. A reality on the topic of fraternities is assumed by the
viewer because similar situations and themes are presented in each of the movies over decades,
and they are handled in a similar fashion. What one generation was led to believe, so is the next,
including those individuals’ rushing fraternities.

Jane Peters (Mary Baker), 2014

Changing Online and At-Home TV Viewership
This thesis focuses on the changing patterns of at-home viewership of television due in major part
to online streaming. This paper identifies four major trends that have developed within the past
decade and how they have influenced the television industry and its audience: time shifting, binge
watching, multi-platform and social television, and cord cutting. Using mainly industry news
sources to provide background and evidence on these trends, this paper will discuss how audiences
are changing and the new demand for readily available content. The second portion delves into the
workings of Netflix as a company and participant in the progression of online streaming. It explains
how the company has found success by utilizing current trends and takes advantage of pre-existing
material to operate a successful company and creator of original online content. The last part of
this thesis explains the effects of both Netflix and television viewing trends and how they have
impacted both the industry and individuals alike. From the changes to storytelling to a revised
rating system for television programming, beyond understanding that these trends exist, cable
execs, advertisers, and audience members need to understand why they are important, and that
they are here to stay.

Background : This thesis focuses on the changing patterns of at-home viewership of television
due in major part to online streaming. This paper identifies four major trends that have developed
within the past decade and how they have influenced the television industry and its audience: time
shifting, binge watching, multi-platform and social television, and cord cutting.

Purpose & Method : Using mainly industry news sources to provide background and evidence
on these trends, this paper will discuss how audiences are changing and the new demand for readily
available content.

Result : It explains how the company has found success by utilizing current trends
and takes advantage of pre-existing material to operate a successful company and creator of
original online content. The last part of this thesis explains the effects of both Netflix and television
viewing trends and how they have impacted both the industry and individuals alike. From the
changes to storytelling to a revised rating system for television programming, beyond
understanding that these trends exist, cable execs, advertisers, and audience members need to
understand why they are important, and that they are here to stay.

Colby Peterson (Jeffrey Warmouth), 2005

24-Hour Cable News: Information or Entertainment?
Twenty-four hour cable news is a modern phenomenon, fit for the age of information and on-
demand knowledge, often having a following of rabid devotees and spawning perennial audiences
in times of disaster, intrigue, or imagination. Cable news gained new heights after September 11th
with the "news binge", a contemporary term defined as a period where a person plans their schedule
around watching news continuously, hoping to learn the newest developments as they unfold. My
study has worked to scrutinize the three dominant cable news networks, CNN, MSNBC, and Fox
News Channel to ascertain whether or not their intention is to inform or entertain. Since all three
are primarily advertising-supported and run on cable as opposed to broadcast, they do not fall
under any governmental or regulatory jurisdiction, making them virtually unaccountable. In an
attempt to look past personal and reputational bias, the three networks were recorded
simultaneously midday at a relatively benign news period post election period to see where
priorities lie. Topical analysis of the one-hour broadcasts has shown some overlap, but
considerable differences ranging from news ticker contents to anchor and correspondent delivery
style. The expression and conclusions of these differences has moved into an abstract and artistic
work of video art, "reconsuming" and subsequently regurgitating the broadcasts into a single piece.
The piece speaks lets the networks speak for themselves by emphasizing the subtle and overt
techniques the networks use, and their true biases are exposed.

Background : Twenty-four hour cable news is a modern phenomenon, fit for the age of
information and on-demand knowledge, often having a following of rabid devotees and spawning
perennial audiences in times of disaster, intrigue, or imagination. Cable news gained new heights
after September 11th with the "news binge", a contemporary term defined as a period where a
person plans their schedule around watching news continuously, hoping to learn the newest
developments as they unfold.

Method : . My study has worked to scrutinize the three dominant cable news networks,
CNN, MSNBC, and Fox News Channel to ascertain whether or not their intention is to inform or
entertain.

Result : Since all three are primarily advertising-supported and run on cable as opposed to
broadcast, they do not fall under any governmental or regulatory jurisdiction, making them
virtually unaccountable. In an attempt to look past personal and reputational bias, the three
networks were recorded simultaneously midday at a relatively benign news period post election
period to see where priorities lie.

Conclusion : The expression and conclusions of these differences has moved into an abstract
and artistic work of video art, "reconsuming" and subsequently regurgitating the broadcasts into a
single piece. The piece speaks lets the networks speak for themselves by emphasizing the subtle
and overt techniques the networks use, and their true biases are exposed.