Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Reading Comprehension
2. Cloze Test
3. Sentence Improvement
4. Spotting the errors
5. Sentence Rearrangement
6. Synonyms and Antonyms
NOUN (Brief introduction of the topic)
“ NOUN ” in a Simple
language means :
The name of any Person , Place
, Thing , Emotions , Feelings
etc.
NOUN ( Old Concept )
Hackneyed
Banal / Trite which means
“Common or Ordinary”
NOUN ( New Concept )
Anger Noun
Angry Adjective
How to differentiate between a
Noun and an Adjective
Noun ( NEW CONCEPT )
3) Situation / Condition
Excitement उत्साह की स्थिस्ि
Confusion दुस्िधा की स्थिस्ि
Dilemma दुस्िधा की स्थिस्ि
NOUN ( 8 types )
4) Quantity
metre, litre, inches, hectares,
centimetres, tonnes etc.
NOUN ( 8 types )
5) Action
Generally when we talk about
ACTION
The only thing which comes in our
mind is VERB
Because ,
Verb = Action words or Doing
words
NOUN ( 8 types )
But here a very important
concept arises :
Let us take some examples of
Action Words :
Reading
Writing
Walking
NOUN ( 8 types )
Singing
Listening
Talking { V1+ing }
Playing etc.
NOUN ( 8 types )
Verb Noun
{ Just after Helping
Verb if V1+ing is
given it is considered
as Verb }
Gerund
For Example :
{ Gerund Form Verb }
1) He is reading a book .
2) He is playing chess .
Gerund
Verb Noun
{ If without helping
Verb , V1 + ing is
given it is considered
as Noun }
{ Gerund form Noun if we
speak in hindi , ends with "ना"
Gerund
{ Gerund form Noun }
1) Reading is a good habit .
2) She likes playing chess .
VERY IMPORTANT RULE
based on this :
ERROR :
1) He did not approve of
his son raising stupid
questions and thereby
disturbing the family
members .
VERY IMPORTANT RULE
based on this
ERROR :
2) I postponed him going to
Delhi this evening as I
wanted him to deal with one
of the major problems of the
Company .
RULE
Noun/ Pronoun + Gerund Form Noun
(Possessive case)
TYPES OF NOUN : 8 types
Habit
Infinitive Form Noun
COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
1) Countable Noun :
Start √
Finish ×
For example : Stars ,
Population
COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
2) Uncountable Noun :
Start ×
Finish ×
Exception related to this concept
Uncountable Noun
When work is used in general sense
which means _______ . It does not have
Plural and is considered as Uncountable Noun
Some Nouns are both Countable and Uncountable
Countable Noun when word means “ Words (___)
it is considered as Countable Noun
Word
1) One should have (1)/their teeth checked (2)/every six months . (3)/No Error (4) [SSC (CHSL)
2015]
2) I knew the town hall (1)/so I was able (2)/to advice him where to go. (3)/ No error (4)
[SSC(Stenographer)2015]
3) He acted not (1)/as per my advice (2)/but somebody else.(3)/No Error (4) [SSC
(Stenographer) 2016 ]
4) To the whale, its (1)/tail is the sole (2)/mean of propulsion.(3)/No Error (4) [SSC(LDC)2017]
5) All the girls students (1)/are advised to (2)/attend the meeting positively.(3)/No error(4)
[SSC(MTS)2017]
Important Noun based Errors
(B)
Gandhi's' के बदले 'Gandhi' का प्रयोग होगा,
क्योंस्कThis/That/These/Those/The + Noun + of + Noun में of के
बाद िाले Noun के साि [Apostrophe s या Apostrophe] का प्रयोग
नहीं स्कया जािा है; जैसे
(i)This house of Ram[not Ram's]
(ii) This hostel of Patna College [not College's]
Important Noun based Errors
(D)
‘summer's flowers' के बदले 'summer flowers' का प्रयोग होगा
क्योंस्क season के नाम [जैसे summer, autumn, winter, spring
आस्द] के साि 's [Apostrophe s] का प्रयोग नहीं स्कया जािा है। ध्यान
रखें स्क summer, autumn आस्द Nouns के रूप में प्रयुक्त होिे हैं और
Adjectives के रूप में भी। देखें
(i) Spring is the king of all seasons.
(ii) There are a number of spring flowers in his garden.
Important Noun based Errors
स्कन्िु,
(i) summer, spring, autumn, winter को यस्द personified स्कया
जाए िो इनके साि 's का प्रयोग स्कया जािा है। जैसे—Spring's
arrival, Winter's departure.
(ii) A summer's day या A summer day, A winter's day या A
winter day का भी प्रयोग होिा है।
Important Noun based Errors
(E)
िाक्य शुद्ध है। ध्यान रखें स्क 'society' के साि भी 's [Apostrophe 's]
का प्रयोग स्कया जा सकिा है; जैसे
(i) The society's demands or The demands of the society.
(ii) China's population or The population of China.
(C)
'public's opinion' at 'public opinion' प्रयोग होगा क्योंस्क
public/hostel/city/village / आस्द Noun के रूप में भी काम करिे हैं ििा
Adjective के रूप में भी। अिः, इनके साि 's का प्रयोग करना गलि है।देखें
(i) The public cconsists of you and me.
(ii) The public opinion/demands/life/carrier.
(iii) This school has a beautiful hostel.
(iv) He remembers his hostle life.
Important Noun based Errors
(A)
'brethren' (स्जसका अिा है 'बंधु-बांधि') अपने-आप में Plural है। अिः
इसके साि s लगाकर इसका Plural Formation नहीं स्कया जािा है।
Words Indicating Personality Traits
➢ Altruist
➢ Ascetic
➢ Convivialist
➢ Extrovert
➢ Introvert
➢ Ambivert
NOUN ( Old concept )
Hackneyed
Banal / Trite which means
“Common or Ordinary”
Topics to be covered in Today’s class
➢ Questions Based on
Most important
concepts of Noun
Rule 1
1) I gave (1) / her three and (2) / a half
apples. (3)/ No error (4)
2) The meeting(1)/was held for
three(2)/ and a quarter hours. (3)/No
error (4)
3) I have (1) /two and a half (2)/
rupees only.(3)/No error (4)
Rule 1
If in a sentence after Numeral Adjective, a half / a quarter etc.
is used .
In this case Noun is written after the Numeral Adjective and
after that a half / a quarter is written.
For Example :
1) He gave me one and a half rupees .(×)
Numeral Adj. + Noun + and + Fraction
2) He gave me one rupee and a half .(√)
2) man तथा woman से बने Compound Nouns के िोोोनों Parts में Plural
Formation होता है
Example :
Singular Plural
man servant men servants
man teacher men teachers
woman doctor women doctors
woman advocate women advocates
Golden Rule 5 : Compound Nouns
Singular Plural
man hater man haters
man lover man lovers
woman hater woman haters
woman lover woman lovers
Questions based on the above concept :
1) All the girls students (A)/ of the college are advised (B)/ to sit in the (C)/ Girls’
Common Room. (D)/ No Error (E)
A. (A)
B. (B)
C. (C)
D. (D)
E. (E)
Questions based on the above concept :
2) The majority of the woman (A)/ teachers are persuading (B)/ the Principal to
consider (C)/ their demands. (D)/ No Error (E)
A. (A)
B. (B)
C. (C)
D. (D)
E. (E)
Questions based on the above concept :
3) All the Chiefs Ministers (A)/ are responsible for the (B)/ pitiable condition of
their (C)/ states. (D)/ No Error (E)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Questions based on the above concept :
5) Hundreds of (1)/ passer-bys (2)/ stopped at (3)/ the place of accident. (4)/ No
Error (5)
(A) (1)
(B) (2)
(C) (3)
(D) (4)
(E) (5)
Questions based on the above concept :
1) “Language consists of several stratums”, (A)/ said a linguist (B)/ in his lecture on
Language (C)/ and Linguists. (D)/ No Error (E)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Questions based on the above concept :
2) Two summons (A)/ have been issued by the court (B)/ but you have not (C)/
turned up yet. (D)/ No Error (E)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Questions based on the above concept :
Therefore,
Summons Summonses
Questions based on the above concept :
3) He has bought (A)/ a dozen of copies (B)/ of British English Grammar, (C)/ which
is very popular book among the students. (D)/ No Error (E)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Questions based on the above concept :
4) The brethrens (A)/ of this locality are always (B)/ at daggers-drawn without any
(C)/ apparent reason. (D)/ No Error (E)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Questions based on the above concept :
5) Many of the MPs absented (A)/ themselves from (B)/ Parliament when some
issues of the highest national importance (C)/ were to be discussed. (D)/ No Error
(E)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Questions based on the above concept :
6) “I know nothing (A)/ about his whereabout. (B)/ Do you?” (C)/ he said to me.
(D)/ No Error (E)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Questions based on the above concept :
7) Now I have come (A)/ to know why he always (B)/ remains at loggers-head with
his (C)/ neighbours. (D)/ No Error (E)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Questions based on the above concept :
8) The sheafs (A)/ of the wheat-plants were too heavy (B)/ for the farmer (C)/ to
carry. (D)/ No Error (E)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Questions based on the above concept :
9) Soni together with her parents (1)/ went to the market (2)/ and brought (3)/ a
lot of hankerchieves. (4)/ No Error (5)
(A) (1)
(B) (2)
(C) (3)
(D) (4)
(E) (5)
Questions based on the above concept :
10) A few (1)/ dwarves are (2)/ working in (3)/ this circus. (4)/ No Error (5)
(A) (1)
(B) (2)
(C) (3)
(D) (4)
(E) (5)
Questions based on the above concept :
Material Nouns, Countable नही ं होते हैं अथायत इनिी कगनती नही ं िी जा
सिती है । इन्हें मापा र्ा तौला जा सिता है । इनिे साथ सामान्यत Singular
verb िा प्रर्ोग किर्ा जाता है एवं इनिे पहले Article िा प्रर्ोग नही ं किर्ा
जाता है ।
(5) ABSTRACT NOUN Abstract Noun, ऐसे गुण, भाव, किर्ा एवं
अवस्था िो व्यि िरता है कजन्हें छु आ नही ं जा सिता है , दे खा नही ं जा सिता
है , बक्ति िेवल महसूस किर्ा जा िसता है ।
नोट: 'Wages' िा प्रर्ोग singular एवं plural दोनो forms में किर्ा जा सिता
है । कनम्नकलक्तखत वाक्ों िो दे खें
मजदू री Plural Wages are paid in cash.
Wages पररणाम Singular Wages of hard work is
sweet.
RULE 2
िुछ Nouns कदखने में Plural लगते हैं लेकिन अथय में Singular होते है । इनिा
प्रर्ोग हमेर्ा Singular में ही होता है । जैसे :
इनिे साथ िभी भी 's' नही ं लगार्ा जाता, जैसे: cattles, childrens कलखना
गलत है ।
(a) Cattle are grazing in the field.
(b) Our infantry have marched forward.
(c) Police have arrested the thieves.
नोट: 'People' िा अथय है 'लोग'। 'Peoples' िा अथय है 'कवकभन्न मूलवंर्
(different races) िे लोग।
RULE 4
िुछ Nouns िा प्रर्ोग िेवल Singular form में ही किर्ा जाता है । र्े
Uncountable Nouns हैं । इनिे साथ Article A / An िा प्रर्ोग भी नही ं किर्ा
जाता है । जैसे:
Floor Ground
िर्य जमीन
Skill Talent
सीख िर प्राप्त िरते है Inborn ( जन्म से होता है )
Envy Jealously
ईष्या जो अपनी चीजो िे खोने िे ईष्या जो दू सरो िे चीजों िा दे ख िर हो
डर से हो
RULE 8
िुछ Nouns जो अथय में तो Plural होते हैं लेकिन र्कद इनिे पूवय किसी कनकित
संख्यात्मि कवर्ेषण (Definite numeral adjective) िा प्रर्ोग किर्ा जाता है
तो इन Noun िो Pluralise नही ं किर्ा जाता है । जैसे:
इस तरह िे वाक्ों में Towns after towns, Rows upon rows, doors to
doors र्ा ships after ships कलखना गलत है ।
RULE 10
Common Gender Nouns : Teacher, student, child, clerk, advocate,
worker, writer, leader, musician etc. ऐसे nouns हैं कजनिा प्रर्ोग male एवं
female दोनों िे कलए किर्ा जाता है । इन्हें Dual Gender भी िहा जाता है । जब
इस तरह िे Noun िा प्रर्ोग Singular में किर्ा जाता है तो सामान्यत he /
his/him िा प्रर्ोग किर्ा जाता है । जैसे:
(a) Every leader should perform his duty.
(b) A teacher should perform his duty sincerely.
(B) र्कद Plural र्ब्द िा अक्तन्तम अक्षर 's' है तो apostrophe िा प्रर्ोग िरते
समर् 's' नही ं लगाते हैं , िेवल apostrophe (') िा ही प्रर्ोग िरते हैं । जैसे:
(a) Boys' college
(b) Girls' school
(c) Working women's hostel
(C) जब Noun कसस्कार ध्वकन ( hissing sound) से खत्म हो में भी 's' नही ं
लगता है ।
(a) for peace' sake
(b) for conscience' sake
(c) for goodness' sake
(d) for Jesus' sake
(e) Ganesh'book.
नोट: God's sake:
(F) कनजीव वस्तु िे साथ 's िा प्रर्ोग नही ं िरते है OF िा प्रर्ोग िरते है । जैसे:
(a) Table's leg िे स्थान पर Leg of table िा प्रर्ोग िरें ।
अपवाद:
(a) जब किसी कनकजयव िा मानवीर्िरण (Personification) किना जाए।
(a) Sun's fury(b) Nature's love
(b) Mrs. Sharma the society's chairman's proposal was rejected by the
members of the society. (×)
The proposal of Mrs. Sharma, the chairperson of society, was rejected
by the members of the society. (✔)
(H) anybody/ Nobody/ Everybody/ Somebody/ Anyone/Someone/No
one/Everyone िे साथ 's िा प्रर्ोग किर्ा जा सिता है ।
(a) Everyone's concern is no one's concern.
(b) Everybody's business is nobody's business.
र्कद इनिे बाद else िा प्रर्ोग हो तो apostrophe िो else िे साथ लगाते हैं
(a) I can rely on your words, not somebody else's.
(b) I obey your orders and nobody else's.
(र्हााँ Somebody's else र्ा Nobody's else कलखना गलत होगा।)