HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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 NUTRITION IN ANIMALS
Steps of nutrition

▪ Ingestion : Process of taking in food

▪ Digestion : Breakdown of complex substances into simple molecules (nutrients)

▪ Absorption : Absorption of simple molecules (nutrients) into blood

▪ Assimilation : Absorbed nutrients used for growth, repair and functioning of body

▪ Egestion :Undigested waste is removed

 DIGESTION
The food which we eat undergoes much processing before the nutrients
present in them are utilized to generate energy. This processing is known
as digestion.
HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Consists of :
• An alimentary canal (digestive tract), and
• Digestive glands
 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Mouth or Buccal cavity

• Teeth helps in breaking food particles into smaller pieces

• Salivary glands secret saliva to digest starch

• Tongue helps in mastication of chewed food

 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Mouth or Buccal cavity

Teeth

Tongue

Salivary glands
 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Types of teeth

Incisor

Canine

Pre-molar

Molar
 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Salivary glands

• Salivary glands secret saliva to digest starch

 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Tongue

• Tongue helps in mastication of chewed food

 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Tongue

Umami Sour Sweet Bitter Salty

Ask your doubts!
 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Oesophagus

• Pipe like structure to transfer food to the stomach

• Food is transferred by a series of wave-like

muscle contractions that moves food in the
digestive tract, known as ‘peristalsis’.
 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Stomach

• Secretes mucous, hydrochloric acid and digestive juices

• Mucous protects stomach from highly acidic HCl

• HCl helps digestive juices to break down proteins

 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Liver

• Largest gland of the body

• Secret bile juice and store in the gall bladder

• Bile juices helps in the digestion of fats

 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Gall Bladder

• Largest gland of the body

• Secret bile juice and store in the gall bladder

• Bile juices helps in the digestion of fats

 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Pancreas

• Located below stomach

• Acts on carbohydrates, fats and proteins

• Breaks the chemicals into simpler forms

 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Pancreatic Enzymes

Carbohydrate digestion

Starch Maltose

Protein digestion

Proteins Peptides

Fat digestion

Fats Fatty acid + Glycerol

 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Small Intestine

• Very long and thin tube

• Final digestion and absorption happens here

• Contains finger like projections : “villi”

• Increase the area for absorption of nutrients

 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Intestinal Enzymes

Carbohydrate digestion

Maltose Glucose

Protein digestion

Peptide Amino acid

Fat digestion

Fats Fatty acid + Glycerol

 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Villi

• Fingers like projections present in small intestine

• Increases surface area for absorption of digested nutrients
 HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Large Intestine

• Wider but shorter than small intestine

• Absorption of water and salts happens here

• Remaining digestive waste is rejected as

semi solid faeces
HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Buccal cavity

Oesophagus

Liver

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine
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