The Hashemite University

Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department
HVAC Project
Dr: Salem Nijmeh

 Khaled al ALyafawi 1935026

 Hesham Othman 1931681
 Osama alzyoud 1939293

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Introduction………………………………………3-4

Description………………………………
……………5

Design The system……………………………………………6-12

HAP Calculation ……………………………………………….13-18

Hand Calculation …………………………………………….18-22

Variable Refrigerant Volume system………………….23-33

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References………………………………………………………34
Introduction
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)
is an applied science and technology, which studies every aspect
about heating, ventilation and air cooling, trying to provide the best
human comfort, air quality and energy saving for many applications,
including residential buildings, industrial buildings, vehicles and a lot
more

HVAC supported the principles of physics, mechanics, and heat

transfer. It is being employed in many applications like homes,
hospitals, and industrial buildings.

The purpose of HVAC?

HVAC is providing and studying human comfort in buildings and
vehicles, and putting standards and codes to ensure it in design, and
not only human comfort is being studied, but also the best conditions
of different scenarios especially in industrial works.

Heating and cooling loads are affected by many factors like heat
transferred from outside to the space by walls, roofs, windows
or/and doors, from that aspect, wall construction components ate
important thing to consider during the calculation and the same for
roof in addition to think about type of system we will design to know
if we need suspended ceiling or not.

The activities within the room must also be considered such as

occupancy of the space and appliances, but we will consider these
things just in cooling load calculation as they are working on
increasing the temperature and humidity, these two parameters and
impeded by process of heating so we have no need to consider them
in our pre design calculation.

In our project we will design an HVAC system for apartment in

Amman, Jordan. So, we will pass through all design steps starting

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from calculation to selection of system and then selection of system’s
components till we reach final decision and then simulation on HAP
will be done
The ASHRAE comfort chart indicates the acceptable zones of
selecting the inside operative temperature and the inside relative
humidity for winter heating, summer cooling and year-round air
conditioning

Fig (1)

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Description

Fig (2)

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 Design The system
We will start to enter the data into the Carrier's Hourly Analysis
Program which is used to calculate the total heating and cooling
loads for each office and all of them. Then we will make a manual
sample of calculation to compare it with HAP results. After that we
will select all the components for the VRF system based on the
Jordanian market

1- Weather

Fig (3)

2-Walls

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 Fig (4)
3-Roof

Fig (5)

4-Windows

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Fig (6)

Fig (7)

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 Fig (8)
4-Door

Fig (9)

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5-Space properties for living room

Fig (10)

Fig (11)

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Fig (12)

Fig (13)

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6-Air system properties

Fig (14)

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NOW the calculation from HAP

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14
15
16
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 NOW Sample hand calculation

1)Cooling load

a. Glass window
A=1.2*1=1.2m2 single glass with aluminum frame
U=5.6 table 5-4

Qwin=A(SHG)*(SC)*(CLF) 9-5

SHG=117 (ang) (N) table 9-7

SC=1 table 9.8

Clf=0.76 table 9-10 mid solar time 15:00 N

Q=1.2*117*1*0.76=106.7w

Qcon=UA CLTDcorr 9-6

U=5.6 A=1.2

CLTD=8 table 9-12 15:00

LM=-1.1 Table 9-2

Ti=20 To,m=26.1 aug table A-7

F=1 k=1
CLTDcorr=(CLTD+LM) K+(25.5-Ti) +(To, m-29.4) f …. 9.3

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= 9.1=1* )26.1-29.4(+ )25.5-20(+1* )8-1.1(

Qcon=5.6*1.2*9.1=61.15w
Qtot=61.15+106.7=167.85

b.door

A=2.4m^2
U=2.4
Qdoor=0 ▲Tadj=0

c.Roof

Qroof=U*A*CLTDcorr 9-3
U=0.622
A3.3*3=9.9

CLTDcorr=(CLTD+LM) K+(25.5-Ti) +(To, m-29.4) f …. 9.3

CLTD=18 table 9-1 15:00

LM=-1.1 table 9.2 k=1 f=1

CLTDcorr=(18-1.1)+(25.5-20)+(26.1-29.4)=19.1

Qroof=0.715*9.9*19.1=135.8

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Qcc=n((Qsen*clf)+Qlat)

139.9w=)0.61+30*65(2=

Qsen,Qlat from table 4.2

Clf from table 4.3

d.External wall North

Qwall=U*A*CLTDcorr

CLTD=6
LM=-1.1
K=0.83 mid color walls
F=1
CLTDcorr=(6-1.1)*0.83+(25.5-20)+(26.1-29.4)=6.3

Qwall=0.64+8.7*6.3=35.1w

Qtot=35.1+139.9+135.2+167.83=478.05w

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 :Heating load )2

a. Infiltration

Vf=N*Vroom equ 6-5

Vroom=3*3*3.3
N=0.5 from table 6-1
=0.5*(3*3.3*3) =14.85

Month Jan Ti=20 To=2.4

Q= (1250/360)*14.85*(20-2.4)= 90.2W

b. Door

u=2.4 A=2

Qdoor=2.4*2*(20-2.4) =84.5w

c.window
u=5.6 A=1.2
Window=5.6*1.2*(20-2.4) =118.3w

d.Floor
u=0.15 A=3-3.3=9.9

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Qfloor=0.15*9.9*(20.2.4) =26.136w

e. Roof
u=0.622 A=9.9

Qroof=0.622*9.9*(20-2.4) =108.4w

f.External wall North

Q=0.64*(9.9-1.2)*(20-2.4)=98W

g.Internal wall
Q=0 because ▲Tadj=0

Qtotal=526.2w

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*Variable Refrigerant Flow system

Selection of HVAC system

.We chose to design Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) System

?What is VRF system

The term VRF “variable refrigerant flow” is an air conditioning system
that consists of one outdoor condensing unit and several indoor units.
These systems can control the refrigerant amount flowing to different
multiple evaporators. VRF systems work on several evaporators that are
of different capacities and configurations. Furthermore, they are attached
to a single condensing unit.

VRF Systems are equipped with some latest attributes such as variable
speed compressors, inverter-driven fans, and last but not least
simultaneous heating and cooling through their indoor units. The primary
type of VRF System use an outside condenser unit. It is used for
providing both heating or cooling. Furthermore, VRF Systems consists of
two refrigerant lines, one of them is for supplying, and the other one is for
return. Besides, this refrigerant is meant to go through various indoor fan-
coils.

Generally, VRF Systems are known for their energy efficiency and a
great return on your investments. One can think of VRF systems as a
large-scale ductless HVAC system that comes with the capability to work
at higher ranges. The design of these systems is also based on their
application. Opting for VRF Systems will provide you with state-of-the-
art HVAC solution for yourself

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?How Does a VRF System Work
VRF systems use heat pumps or heat recovery systems to provide
powerful heating and cooling for all indoor and outdoor units without
.the use of air ducts

With a VRF system, your building will have multiple indoor units utilized
by a single outdoor condensing unit, either with a heat pump or heat
recovery system. The main difference between the two is that the latter
can provide simultaneous heating and cooling. The outdoor unit has
compressors with inverter-driven fans, which means their speed varies
by adjusting the frequency of the power supply. The amount of
refrigerant delivered by the compressor is dependent on the rate. When
the indoor unit sends a demand to the outdoor unit, the outdoor unit
delivers the specific amount of refrigerant to the individual indoor units.
VRF technology can perform at a high capacity without the use of ducts,
.which is one of its many advantages

Types Of VRF Systems

1- Heat Pump Systems (2-pipe System)

VRF heat pump systems are also known as 2 pipe VRF system. These
systems provide heating and cooling to all the indoor units through
the refrigerant pipes, but are insufficient to provide simultaneous
heating and cooling function. Here, the indoor units function as
evaporators when operating in cooling mode. Vice-versa, the indoor
units function as condensers when operating in heating mode.

2 pipe VRF system can provide simultaneous heating and cooling,

only when there is a branch controller. This branch controller is
placed between the condenser and copper branch piping network
that works on delivering the refrigerant to the indoor fan-coil units.
One should only opt for a branch controller when there is a
possibility of expansion in the coming future.

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 2 pipe VRF system provides cooling to the areas that need it by
supplying the refrigerant through refrigerant pipes in a liquid form.
In contrast, the areas that require heating are provided with the
refrigerant through refrigerant pipes in a gaseous form.

Furthermore, the extracted heat from cooled areas is then diverted

through refnet joints towards heated areas. Here, the condenser work
towards providing output difference, which is utterly essential for
maintaining the balance of heating and cooling.

Heat Recovery Systems (3 pipe System)2-

VRF heat recovery systems have the function of providing simultaneous -
heating and cooling function. The excess heat that could be wasted in
traditional heat pump systems is utilized in these systems. The 3 pipe
.VRF system work on three lines that are attached to the condenser unit

These three lines consist of: one is for cooling purpose, one for heating
purpose, and the last one is a return line. Here, each of the indoor units
is diverged using 3 pipes with the use of a solenoid box that is enriched
.with a set of valves

:The 3 pipe VRF system works on the principles as follows

VRF heat recovery systems ditch the branch controllers for delivering
liquid or gaseous refrigerant through VRF refrigerant piping as this
.function is already present in the outdoor condenser unit

Here, the three lines are attached to each indoor fan-coils, and
furthermore, each of the units has a branch selector that works on
diverting the supply based on the specific operating modes – either
.heating or cooling

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No matter what is the operating mode, the return is the same for each
.fan coil

Figure (15) Three-pipe VRF system – simplified circuit diagram

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 .Figure (16). Branching controller function for three-pipe VRF system

Water-cooling system3-
One of the most commonly used VRF systems are air-cooled systems.
These systems make use of the packaged outdoor condensing units
through copper branch piping, which is connected to several indoor
.units
Water-cooling systems work as an air-cooled unit. These systems use and
plate the heat exchanger that, in result, transfers the energy into the water
.loop instead of opting for a built-in air-cooled heat exchanger
These systems are attached to a cooling tower or a dry cooler that
transfers the heat or energy into the atmosphere. Because of such
operation, the water-cooling systems can be deployed internally in
smaller areas without any stress regarding the vertical risers. They are
.also ideal according to the environmental needs

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 Fig(17)

Major Components of a VRF System

VRF systems include two major components, a compressor with outdoor

coil and multiple indoor fan coil units. The outdoor unit houses the
compressor which acts as a pump pushing refrigerant through piping to
the indoor coils and back.

A third component is the VRF Branch Selector Box which is the

traffic cop of the refrigerant, based on the demand of the system. See our
article on VRF Single Port versus Multiport Branch Selector Boxes.

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Fig(18)

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All INFORMAYION BELOW FROM Carrier Xpower
VRF System brochre

Outdoor units

Fig19

Indoor units

fig20

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Controler

fig21

Compressor

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Fig22

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33
 :References

Heating and air conditioning for -1

residential buildings, SIXTH
.EDITION
ASHRAE Code -2

227enterprise.com -3

sciencedirect.com -4
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Carrier Xpower VRF system -5
.BORCHUR

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