Republic of the Philippines

NORTHERN QUEZON COLLEGE, INC.

Brgy. Comon, Infanta, Quezon
GRADUATE SCHOOL

Research Proposal on

The Performance and Job Satisfaction of Teachers, and Learners’ Achivements in Some
Elementary Schools at Real District as a Result of the Leadership Style Used by the School
Head

Submitted by:

Marivic L. Calina

Cyrene Kaye A. Florentino

Mariz Villareal

Submitted to:

Dr. Herbert D. Perez

In Partial Fulfilment in Administration and Supervision of School

Master of Arts in Education Major in Educational Management

May 30, 2023

 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN QUEZON COLLEGE, INC.
Brgy. Comon, Infanta, Quezon
GRADUATE SCHOOL

Introduction

Effective leadership is required for the progress of both teachers and school
performance. There are many hurdles to compete in the technology growth of the twenty-first
century, including worldwide teacher networks, which necessitate a strong educational leader
for educational institutions. A principal's leadership in dealing with educational and cultural
changes consists of three major aspects: boosting engagement, conveying vision, and
generating change. Leaders in the educational industry are regarded for their abilities to
contribute to enhancing educational quality in an age of technological innovation. (Abbas et
al., 2020).

Human resources are an organization's most precious resource. Because, while

corporations have the power and opportunity to possess all other resources and purchase the
same resources, they do not have the same opportunity to have similar human resources.
Human resources have the capacity to market other resources as a high-value-added,
innovative, and qualified service or product at this stage. One of the industries that must keep
up with the information era is education, whose primary source is information. Given our
age's need for well-equipped and trained human resources, the relevance of institutions that
develop this human resource is being recognized once more. Schools only provide a portion
of the learning; numerous elements influence learning, and school structures vary. (Töre,
2019a) In other words, people are the most essential source of information, skills, and
competences for companies, and the competitiveness of organizations is dependent on
people. In this regard, school, as an organization, should value the key-factor for learners’
achievements and progress. Teachers, parents and other stakeholders should be valued
carefully through accurate and effective leadership. Organizations having a unique resource
will fail otherwise. Performance review is critical for organizations in this regard. Another
organization's success or failure is determined by the employee's performance. (Elnaga &
Imran, 2013).

To determine the degree of achievement of organizational goals and plan future

improvements, for example, monitor individual performance, identify strengths and
opportunities (Ahmed, Sultana, Paul, & Azeem, 2013), increase organizational
 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN QUEZON COLLEGE, INC.
Brgy. Comon, Infanta, Quezon
GRADUATE SCHOOL

accountability, make wage, progress, discipline, and education decisions, and provide
information to all stakeholders within and outside the organization (Ema, 2012; Güney, 2014;
Riccucci).

Background of the study

School administrators bear a great deal of responsibility for their institutions since
educational institutions are vital places where the next generation is educated. The issue of
preserving institutional goals is one that leaders in educational institutions, like leaders in
other organizations, inevitably face (Northouse, 2010). According to Hallinger and Heck
(1998), the key factor influencing school success is a school leader's leadership style, which
should be addressed. When leaders and followers interact, the leader is striving to encourage
the followers to cooperate toward a common goal. Along with a school leader's leadership
style, teacher job satisfaction is a significant factor impacting school success. According to
Northouse (2010), a teacher's job pleasure "may serve to influence their morale, motivation,
and general willingness to maximize."

Problem Statement
Teachers are less efficient and effective primarily due to their school head's low level
of enthusiasm and diligence in managing employees.

Research Question
In this research, he following questions need to be addressed:

1. What is the most common leadership style that influences elementary school teachers'
performance and high work satisfaction?
2. What type of leadership is most frequently used and how does that affect the high level of
job satisfaction among elementary school teachers?
3. What is the relationship between principal leadership styles to teachers’ performance and
job satisfaction in Real District primary schools?
 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN QUEZON COLLEGE, INC.
Brgy. Comon, Infanta, Quezon
GRADUATE SCHOOL

Objectives

This study has the following objectives:

1. To investigate the association between elementary administrators' leadership attributes

and teachers' performance and satisfaction with work.
2. To assess what type of leadership style influences most of elementary school teachers’
performance and high work satisfaction.
3. To determine the influence of the principal-teacher relationship on school achievement
in terms of student performance.
4. To formulate or redefine future goals so that teachers feel motivated to work to their full
capacity.
5. To determine whether or not job satisfaction and servant leadership were related among
elementary school teachers in Real District, Real, Quezon.

Conceptual Framework
The ideas of this research proposal can be clarified by considering the varied
influence of leadership style and the impact of motivation on teachers' job happiness and
performance, as indicated graphically below:

Leadership
Style used
by Principal
(X1)

Teachers’
Job Teachers’
Satisfaction Performance
(X3) (Y1)

Motivation
(X2)
 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN QUEZON COLLEGE, INC.
Brgy. Comon, Infanta, Quezon
GRADUATE SCHOOL

Brief Review of Related Literature

Leadership, suggested by Jaques, 2017, is the ability of an individual to persuade a

group of people in order to achieve a shared goal. The ability to allow, stimulate, and inspire
followers through the effective and efficient distribution of institutional resources to
implement strategies and achieve predetermined objectives is the concept of leadership. Thus,
effective school leadership is crucial to improving the country's failing schools. (Northouse,
2018)

The word principal's leadership style is derived from the principal and the leadership
style. According to Thoha (2010), a person's leadership style is the norm of behavior utilized
when that person affects others. Furthermore, Rivai (2014) defined leadership style as the
process of guiding and influencing group actions.

A principal is a manager who has the most power in making choices on the
administration and implementation of education in the school he supervises. According to
Anwar and Amir (2013), principals as managers are responsible for developing personnel
performance, particularly teacher professional competence (Subagyo, 2013). A school
principal's leadership style must be able to move, guide, and direct the teacher in producing
positive performance and behavior, so that the teacher's responsibility in carrying out
teaching and learning activities will be carried out fully with sincerity and the creation of a
conducive situation, which is a prerequisite for the success of school goals. The right type of
principle leadership can inspire and motivate teachers to achieve certain goals, as well as
serve as a key to recognizing changes in school climate, specifically between the principal's
leadership spirit and the group. (Supriadi, 2016)

Leadership style and motivation in influencing subordinate conduct will produce an

atmosphere of productive performance, whether it leads to something positive or vice versa.
 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN QUEZON COLLEGE, INC.
Brgy. Comon, Infanta, Quezon
GRADUATE SCHOOL

School principals that lack power, are not forceful, and are apathetic to subordinates will
produce an uncomfortable educational environment, and the learning process will be
improvised. While the principal's authoritative, decisive, fair, and attentive approach toward
subordinates or teachers and pupils will generate a harmonious and comfortable educational
environment in learning, which will even result in educational achievement.

Handoko (2003) describes motivation as a state in a person that inspires individual

wishes to engage in specific actions in order to achieve goals. According to Luthans (2002),
motivation is the process that begins with a psychological lack or requires a drive that is
aimed at a goal or incentive. According to Sardiman (2011), motivation is a series of attempts
to create particular conditions so that someone wants to do something, and if he does not like
it, he will try to neutralize or avoid the sense of hate. We can conclude from these that
motivation is a set of attitudes and beliefs that motivate people to do specific actions in
accordance with their personal goals. That attitude and value is an invisible force that
motivates people to act in order to achieve their goals.

Work motivation is influenced by a variety of things. Work motivation is influenced

by two elements: internal factors and external factors. Attitude, intelligence, will, and ability
are examples of internal factors. Workplace climate, leadership style, and infrastructure are
examples of external variables. According to Danim (2004), various aspects influence
organizational members' job motivation, including 1) leadership style, 2) individual attitudes,
and 3) work settings.

Andang (2014) stated that the principal is the solitary leader in the school who has the
obligation and authority to govern, supervise, and organize school activities in order to
achieve the school's goals.

Based on some of the above definitions of the terms leadership style and school
principal, it is concluded that the principal's leadership style is the behavior and strategy of
the education leader in the process of directing and influencing activities, as well as being
responsible and having the authority to organize, manage, and organize activities in the
school, so that what is to be a school goal can be achieved. The leadership style of the
principal has an impact on teacher performance.
 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN QUEZON COLLEGE, INC.
Brgy. Comon, Infanta, Quezon
GRADUATE SCHOOL

All institutions, especially educational organizations, value their employees' effective

performance, work motivation, and degree of contentment (Ertas, 2015; Chen et al., 2017;
Demircioglu, 2021). Certain leadership techniques, including effective teacher
communication, strong principal-teacher relationships, and attention to teacher
professionalism, have scientifically demonstrated their value in boosting teacher morale and
performance. In addition, according to Northouse (2010), a teachers' job satisfaction may
have an impact on employees' morale, general willingness to maximize their motivation for
and teaching potential. Educators who are dissatisfied their work may lead to poor instruction
or learning processes, and consequently, school effectiveness will suffer.

Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the various implications of leadership style

aspects on teachers' employment attitudes, performance, and behavior to some of the
elementary school teachers at Real District, Real, Quezon.

Research Methodology
This research will be using path analysis method and cross-sectional survey with
qualitative research approaches because the design entails collecting data on more than one
case and at a single point in time, in order to collect a body of qualitative data, which will be
examined to detect patterns of associations (Bryman, 2001; Cohen and Morris). Analysis of
pathways known to the path analysis was first developed in the 1920s by a geneticist, Sewall
Wright (Joreskog and Sorbom, 1996; Johnson and Wichern, 1992). Path analysis technique is
actually a development of correlation separated into multiple consequences interpretations.
Furthermore, path analysis has proximity to the Leadership style (X1), Teacher performance
(Y1), Teachers’ Job Satisfaction (X3), Motivation (X2) regression. In other words, multiple-
regression is a special form of the path analysis. This technique is also known as a model of
causality (causing modeling). This planting is based on the premise that the path analysis
allows the user to test the theoretical propositions about causality without manipulating the
variables (Sarwono, 2007). In the data gathering method, questionnaires, documentary
reviews, and semi-structured interviews will be employed as research instruments. The study
concentrated on public primary schools (ten of the best and ten of the worst performers).
 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN QUEZON COLLEGE, INC.
Brgy. Comon, Infanta, Quezon
GRADUATE SCHOOL

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NORTHERN QUEZON COLLEGE, INC.
Brgy. Comon, Infanta, Quezon
GRADUATE SCHOOL

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