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    Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition characterized by high blood glucose, ketoacidosis, and ketonuria. It is most common in type 1 diabetes but can occur in type 2 diabetes, often as the initial presentation of type 1 diabetes or due to insulin non-adherence. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) most often affects those with type 2 diabetes and is caused by severe dehydration from illness and lack of fluid intake, leading to altered mental status, blood glucose over 600 mg/dL, and extreme dehydration. Both DKA and HHS are treated with aggressive fluid replacement followed by insulin to lower blood glucose.

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    HYPERGLYCEMIC-CRISES

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    Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition characterized by high blood glucose, ketoacidosis, and ketonuria. It is most common in type 1 diabetes but can occur in type 2 diabetes, often as the initial presentation of type 1 diabetes or due to insulin non-adherence. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) most often affects those with type 2 diabetes and is caused by severe dehydration from illness and lack of fluid intake, leading to altered mental status, blood glucose over 600 mg/dL, and extreme dehydration. Both DKA and HHS are treated with aggressive fluid replacement followed by insulin to lower blood glucose.

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    4 views1 page

    Hyperglycemic Crises

    Uploaded by

    0444Kiều Thu Huyền
    Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition characterized by high blood glucose, ketoacidosis, and ketonuria. It is most common in type 1 diabetes but can occur in type 2 diabetes, often as the initial presentation of type 1 diabetes or due to insulin non-adherence. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) most often affects those with type 2 diabetes and is caused by severe dehydration from illness and lack of fluid intake, leading to altered mental status, blood glucose over 600 mg/dL, and extreme dehydration. Both DKA and HHS are treated with aggressive fluid replacement followed by insulin to lower blood glucose.

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    HYPERGLYCEMIC CRISES

    Diabetic ketoacidosis
    Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threateing crisis with high BG,
    ketoacidosis and ketonuria. DKA is most common in T1D, but can occur in
    T2D. DKA is commonly the initial presentation in T1D, or caused by insulin
    non-adherence or subtherapeutic dosing.
    In DKA, ketones are present because triglycerides and amino acids are used for
    energy. Recognizing DKA:
    + BG > 250mg/ dL
    + Ketones (urine and serum, can be recognized as “ fruity” breath), nausea
    and vomiting
    + Anion gap acidosis (arteial Ph<7.35, anion gap >12 )
    Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
    Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHC) is most common in T2D. The
    primary cause is illness that leads to less fluid intake. This, along with fluid
    shifts and osmotic diuresis, leads to severe dehydration with altered
    consciousness. Recognizing HHS:
    + Confusion, delirinm
    + BG>600mg/ dL with high serum osmolality >320mOsm/L
    + Extreme dehydration
    + Ph> 7.3, bicarbonate> 15 mEq/L
    *DKA and HHS treatment: The primary treatment is aggressive fluids
    (first) and insulin to treat the hyperglycemia

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