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D- 7. dAND f- BLOCK ELEMENTS

&
CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS

1. What are transitian elements. Give er

amples.
EA. The elements which contain incompletely filled
d-orbital either in their atomic or stable ionic
state is called transition elements.
Ex : Mn, Fe and Co
2. Write general electronic configuration of
transition elements?

A. General electronic configuration of transition

elements is (n-1) d-lOns
3. Write electronic configuration of chromium
and copper.
A. Cr -- [Ar]3d4S!
Cu ------[Ar]3d'°4S!
4. Write electronic configuration of Co²* and
Mn.
A. Co' --- ls2s°2p'3s`3p'3d'
Mn ---ls2s`2p*3s3p°3d'
Why Zn* is diamagnetic where as Mn
paramagnetic.
A. Due to absence of unpaired electrons Zn is
diamagneic.
Due to presenceofunpaired electrons \in is
paramagnetic.
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6. Calculate spin only magnetic moment of10. What is a ligand?
Fe ion. |A. An ion or molecule which can donate electron
14. [Cr(NH,)] 1s paramagnetic while

A. Fe - (Ar] 3d 4s pair to metal atom or ion and can form dative [Ni(CN), T is diamagnetic. Why?
bond is called ligand.
Spin only magnetic moment
(: n0.of unpaired Ex : F,OH, NH, etc |A. In [Cr(NH,),J
u=n(n+2) BM electrons n= 4 E11. What is chelate ligand? Give example? Cr-[Ar] 3d 4s' 4p

A. A bidentate or poly dentate ligand which can

-4(4+2)BM fom ring like structure with metal atom or ion is d'sp
=/24BM =4.9BM called chelating ligand. Cr contains three unpaired electrons. So, it is
7. Aqueous Cu² ions are blue in colour where paramagnetic.
Ex: en (ethylene diamine)
as aqueous Zn*² ions are colourless. Why?
A. Cu -[Ar] 3d 4s° 12. What is an ambidentate ligand? Give ex In
[N(CN),J
ample. Ni - [A] 3d' 48° 4p
It contains one unpaired d-electron. The elec
two or more
tron undergoes d-d transition. So, Cu² ions are A. A mono dentate ligand which has ion
blue in colour. donor atoms but can binds central metal dsp

Zu - [Ar] 3d1° 4s° through either one donor atom is called

Ni² has no unpaired electrons.
Due to absence of unpaired d-electron, "Ambidentate ligand". So, it is diamagnetic.
d-d transition is not possible. Hence aqueous Cyano(CN) & Iso cvano(NC-) |15. Give two examplesin which transition met
Zn² ions are colourless.. als or their compounds acts as catalysts?
Ex:
8. What is an alloy? Give example. M+" -CN M" NC"
A. A homogeneous mixture
metal is called alloy.
ofmetal with another
13. CuSO,5H,0 is blue in colour where as an
A. N, +3H,
Fes2NH,
Brass (Cu+Zn) 250, +0, - 0,2so,
Ex:
Bronze (Cu+Sn)
hydrous CuSO, is colourless. Why?
result 16. Why do transition elements exhibits char
9. What is misch metal? Give its composition A. In CuSO,SH,0 water acts as ligand as a acteristic properties ?
and uses. causes crystal filed spliting. Hence d-d transi
it
A. Misch metal is an alloy which
consists of a
tion is possible thus CuSO,5H,O coloured.
A. Transition elements exhibits characteristic prop
lanthanoid metal(95%), Iron(5%) and traces of erties due to the presence of partially filled
Due to absence of ligand anhydrous CuSO, is a d-orbitals.
S. C. Ca and Al. colourless.
lighter flint.
It is used to produce bullet shell and VSAQ 51 ScORER I.P.E STUDY MATERIAL
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7. d AND f -BLOCK ELEMENTS |2. Explain Werner's theory of co-ordination compounds with suitable
examples.
& CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS A. ’Every complex compound contains a central metal atom or ion
’The central metal shows two types of valencies.
1. What is lanthanoid contraction? What are the consequences of a) Primary valency :
Lanthanoid contraction?
’Itisnumerically equal to the oxidation nunber of central metal ion.
A. Lanthanoid contraction : ’It is satisfied by only -Ve ligands.
’It is ionisable valency.
The gradual decrease in atomic and ionic radii of lanthanoids ’It is non directional valency.
is called Lanthanoid contraction. ’It is represented bydotted line (---)
b) Secondary valency :
Reason : Poor shielding effect and peculiar shape of f-orbitals. ’Iis nuaerically equal to the co-ordination unber of central metal ion.
iS satisfiedby all types ofligands.
Consequences : tisnon ionisable valency.
i) Basic nature decreases from Ce(OH), to Lu(OH),. It is directional valency.
’Itrepresented by thick line (
ii) The atonmic radii of 4d and 5d series elements are very close Examples :
to each other.
CoCl,6NH, CoCISNH,
Ex : Zr & Hf having same atomic radii. NH, NH,
H,N, NH, C NH,
ii) The chemical properties of Lanthanoid elements are similar, Cl-- -....C1 .-.C1
hence their separation is extremely difficult. HN NH, H,N NH,
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NH, CI NH, CI

CoCl,4NH, CoCI,3NH,
C
EH,
NH, HN NH,
---C1
H,N NH, C1
Cl NH,
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3. Using IUPACnames write the formulas for the following Write the formulas for the following c0-ordination compounds.
(i) Tetra amine aqua chloro cobalt (I) chloride
(i) Tetra hydroxo zincate (ID ion Potassium tetrahydroxo zincate (I)
(ii)
(ü) Hexa amine cobalt ( ) sulphate (ii) Potassium trioxalato aluminate (II)
(iü) Potassium tetra chloro palladate () (iv) Dichloro bis (ethanc-1,2-diaminc) cobalt (IID ion
(v) Tetra carbonyl nickel (o)
(iv) Potassium tri (oxalato) chromate ( )
|A. () [Co(NH,), (H0) ci]ca,
A. (i) [Zn(oH),J Gi) K[Za(OH).]
(ü) [Co(NH,),, (s0.), WSM(C,o),]
(iiüi) K,[PdCI]
D [Co(en), C, J
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6. Explain the terms ligand, coordination number, coordination

entity, central metal atom or ion?
4. Using IUPACnorms write the systematic names for the following A. Ligand : The neutral molecule or anion or cation which is directly
bounded to the central metal atom or ion in a complex is called
o [Co (NH,).JcI, P(NH,), CI(NH,CH, ) ]CI as ligand.
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directly bound to the central metal atom or ions by coordinate bound
Gm)[Ti (H,0),] (iv) [NiCI, j is known as the coordination number.

A. (i) Hexa amine cobalt (II) chloride Coordination entity or sphere : The central metal atom or ion and
the ligands that are directly attached to it are enclosed is square
(iü) Diamine chloro (methanamine) platinum(|1) chloride. bracket. This is called coordination sphere or entity.
Central metal atom or ion : The transition metal or ion which
(ii) Hexa aqua titanium (II) ion provides vacant orbitals to donate the electron pair by ligands is
(iv) Tetra chloro nickelato (I) ion. called as central metal atom or ion.
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7. Why do the reaction metal ions exhibit characteristic colour in9. Explain geometrical isomerism in coordination compunds giv
aqueous solutions explain giving example? ing suitable examples.
A. I. Most of the complexes of transition metals are coloured. This A. 1. This type of isomerismarises due to different possible geometric
because of the adsorption of radiation from visible region to pro arrangements of ligands. Complexes with coordination number4 hav
mote an electron from one of the d orbitals to anothe. ing tetrahedron geometry don't show geometrical isomerism.
2. Under the influence of ligands and H20, the d orbital splits up~ 2. Square planar complexes with Ma,b,,Ma,bc, Mabcd exhibits geo
metrical isomerism.
to two sets (t2g and eg) of orbitals having different energies.
This phenomenon is called crystal splitting. 3. Octahedron complexes like Ma,b,, Ma,b,, M(aa),b, exhibits geo
metrical isomerism.
3. Therefore the transitions can takes place from one set to another.
The energy required for these transitions is quite small and falls 4., K3imilar ligands are adjacent to each other, it is called as cis
in the visible region of radiation. The ions of transition metals R E isomer.
absorb the radiation of a particular wave length and the restas If similar ligands are opposite to each other, it is called as trans
reflected, imparting colour to the solution. isomer.
Ex : hydrated Cu ions absorb red radiation and emits ble Examples:

8. Write the characteristic properties of transition elements? CI NH, CI NH,

A. With partially filled d orbitals these elements exhibits certain char P CPt
acteristic properties such as H,N Ci C1 NH,
1. Exhibition of variableoxidation states
Trans - Pt (NH,), CI, Cis - Pt (NH,), CI,
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2. Formation ofaqueous coloured ions.
3. Ability toform complex compounds. Cl Ci
4. Exhibit catalytic property. HN |NH, HN
5. Different magnetic behaviour. Co Co

6. Formation ofinterstitial compounds. H,N NH, H,N NH,

CI NH,
7. Alloy formation. Trans - [Co(NH,),CI,] Cis - [Co(NH),C1J
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