INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS – I Vth SEM BBA®

UNIT 01
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION SYSTEM

System, Data, Information & Information systems:

What is a System?
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated entities that form a unified whole. A system, surrounded
and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and expressed in
its functioning.

What is Data?
Data is a collection of raw, unorganized facts and details like text, observations, figures, symbols and
description of things etc. In other words, data does not carry any specific purpose and has no significance
by itself. Moreover, data is measured in terms of bits and bytes – which are basic units of information in the
context of computer storage and processing.
What is Information?
Information is the processed, organized and structured data. It provides context for data and enables
decision making. For example, a single customer’s sale at a restaurant is data – this becomes information
when the business is able to identify the most popular or least popular dish.

INFORMATION SYSTEM:
• “Information systems (IS) is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software
that people andorganizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data.”

• “Information systems are combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that
people build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational settings.”

• “Information systems are interrelated components working together to collect, process, store, and
disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an
organization.”

The Components of Information Systems (Features):

Information systems are made up of different components that work together to provide value to an
organization.
The first way I describe information systems to students is to tell them that they are made up of five
components: hardware, software, data, people, and process.

The first three, fitting under the category technology, are generally what most students think of when asked
to define information systems. But the last two, people and process, are really what separate the idea of
information systems from more technical fields, such as computer science. In order to fully understand
information systems, students must understand how all of these components work together to bring value to
an organization.
1.Technology: Technology can be thought of as the application of scientific knowledge for practical

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purposes. From the invention of the wheel to the harnessing of electricity for artificial lighting, technology
is a part of our lives in so many ways that we tend to take it for granted. As discussed before, the first three
components of information systems – hardware, software, and data – all fall under the category of
technology. Each of these will get its own chapter and a much lengthier discussion, but we will take a
moment here to introduce them so we can get a full understanding of what an information system is.

2. Hardware: Information systems hardware is the part of an information system you can touch – the
physical components of the technology. Computers, keyboards, disk drives, iPads, and flash drives are all
examples of information systems hardware. We will spend some time going over these components.

3.Software: Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. Software is not tangible – it
cannot be touched. When programmers create software programs, what they are really doing is simply
typing out lists of instructions that tell the hardware what to do. There are several categories of software,
with the two main categories being operating-system software, which makes the hardware usable, and
application software, which does something useful.

4. Data :The third component is data. You can think of data as a collection of facts. For example, your
street address, the city you live in, and your phone number are all pieces of data. Like software, data is also
intangible. By themselves, pieces of data are not really very useful. But aggregated, indexed, and organized
together into a database, data can become a powerful tool for businesses.

5.People: When thinking about information systems, it is easy to get focused on the technology
components and forget that we must look beyond these tools to fully understand how they integrate into an
organization

6.Process :The last component of information systems is process. A process is a series of steps undertaken
to achieve a desired outcome or goal. Information systems are becoming more and more integrated with
organizational processes, bringing more productivity and better control to those processes.

Advantages:
 Communication – with help of information technologies the instant messaging, emails, voice and
video calls becomes quicker, cheaper and much efficient.
 Globalization and cultural gap – by implementing information systems we can bring down the
linguistic, geographical and some cultural boundaries. Sharing the information, knowledge,
communication and relationships between different countries, languages and cultures becomes much
easier.
 Availability – information systems has made it possible for businesses to be open 24×7 all over the
globe. This means that a business can be open anytime anywhere, making purchases from different
countries easier and more convenient. It also means that you can have your goods delivered right to
your doorstep with having to move a single muscle.
 Creation of new types of jobs – one of the best advantages of information systems is the creation
of new and interesting jobs. Computer programmers, Systems analyzers, Hardware and Software
developers and Web designers are just some of the many new employment opportunities created

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with the help of IT.

 Cost effectiveness and productivity – the IS application promotes more efficient operation of the
company and also improves the supply of information to decision-makers; applying such systems
can also play an important role in helping companies to put greater emphasis on information
technology in order to gain a competitive advantage. IS has a positive impact on productivity,
however there are some frustrations can be faced by systems users which are directly linked to lack
of training and poor systems performance because of system spread.

Disadvantages:
 Unemployment and lack of job security – implementing the information systems can save
a great deal of time during the completion of tasks and some labor mechanic works. Most
paperwork’s can be processed immediately, financial transactions are automatically
calculated, etc. As technology improves, tasks that were formerly performed by human
employees are now carried out by computer systems.
 Dominant culture – while information technology may have made the world a global
village, it has also contributed to one culture dominating another weaker one. For example it
is now argued that US influences how most young teenagers all over the world now act,
dress and behave.
 Security issues – thieves and hackers get access to identities and corporate saboteurs target
sensitive company data. Such data can include vendor information, bank records, intellectual
property and personal data on company management. The hackers distribute the information
over the Internet, sell it to rival companies or use it to damage the company’s image.
 Implementation expenses – to integrate the information system it require pretty good
amount of cost in a case of software, hardware and people. Software, hardware and some
other services should be rented, bought and supported. Employees need to be trained with
unfamiliar information technology and software.
 Information systems contribute to the efficient running of organizations.
 Information systems are showing the exponential growth in each decades. Today’s
information technology has tremendously improved quality of life. Modern medicine has
benefited the most with better information system using the latest information technology.

1. Information System:
Information System, as name suggests, is study and use of system to process data from input to
generate information that is essential and useful for managing operations. It helps in analyzing
independent processes and enables organized work activities. It is considered key factor to provide
correct knowledge for decision-making within an organization.

2. Information Technology:
Information Technology, as name suggests, is basically study and use of system to establish faster
communication, maintain electronic storage and provide protection to business’s records or

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company records. It simply refers to anything related to computing technology like software,
hardware, networking, etc.

Difference between Information System and Information Technology:

Information System
It is a software used to organize and analyze data.
Its main purpose is to turn raw data into useful
information that in turn will provide useful information
for making decision within organization or business.
It mainly focuses on providing support to operations,
management, and decision-making.
It is generally composed of four components i.e., task,
people, structure, and technology.
It works as a bridge between technology and people.
It simply incorporates technology, people and processes
involved with information.
It includes how people and processes can support or
hinder performance of their organization, managing
computer networks and applications within modern
business environments.
It helps in storing operational data, communication
records, documents, and revision histories.
Information Technology
It is a sub system of Information system.
Its main purpose is to help people perform their
work properly and effectively and achieve their
objective within organization or business.
It mainly focuses on improving productivity and
efficiency using technology.
It is generally composed of three components i.e.,
hardware, software. Networks and data.
It helps people to utilize and make sense of that
system.
It designs, implement, maintain and support
information or data within information system.
It includes rolling out new software updates,
troubleshooting problems of user’s technology,
replacing outdated hardware, etc., to meet
operational demands.
It helps in implementing communication, build and
grow commerce and business sector, improve
reputation of business, etc.

Why Business need Information System?

Many businesses today do not make use of internet which is very important in this day. Upgrading the
computer information system is not an option in this technology-driven era, it is essential. The follow are
reasons why businesses need to use information systems.

 Operational Excellence: In order for a business to achieve high levels of profitability, they need to
improve the efficiency of their operations. Information systems is a tool that is used in order to achieve
high levels of efficiency and productivity in business operations.
 New Products, Services and Business Models: Information systems can be used to create new
products and services and also an entirely new business model. A business model describes how a
company produces, delivers and how they sell a product or service to create wealth.
 Customer/Supplier Intimacy: When a business provides a good product or service customers tend to
return and purchase more frequently which raises revenue and profits. The more a business engages
with its suppliers, the better the supplier can provide vital inputs which can lower costs.
 Improved Decision-Making: Many managers who operation in an information bank may never have
the right information at the right time to make an informed decision. This can raise costs and lose
customers. However, information systems allow the managers to use real-time data from the
marketplace when making decision.

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 Competitive Advantage: When a firm achieved one or more of these business objectives (operational
excellence, new products, services and business models, customer/supplier intimacy and improved
decision-making), they may have a competitive advantage. By performing better than competitors,
charging less for superior goods and responding to customers and suppliers, higher sales and profits can
be made.
 Day To Day Survival: Businesses must invest in information systems and technology as they are
essential to doing business. This necessity is caused by the industry level changes and firms need to use
information systems and technology in order to provide the capability to respond to these.
 Information systems enables companies to react, respond, cater, store, retrieve, disseminate and control
their new valuable asset that is information. In the future, a good information system in a business will
no longer be an option, it will become a compulsory in determining success.

Information systems in the Enterprise:

Enterprise systems create a standard data structure and are invaluable in eliminating the problem of
information fragmentation caused by multiple information systems within an organization. An EIS
differentiates itself from legacy systems in that it is self-transactional, self-helping and adaptable to general
and specialist conditions. Unlike an enterprise information system, legacy systems are limited to
department-wide communications.
A typical enterprise information system would be housed in one or more data centers, would run enterprise
software, and could include applications that typically cross organizational borders such as content
management systems
An Enterprise Information System (EIS) is any kind of information system which improves the functions
of enterprise business processes by integration. This means typically offering high quality of service,
dealing with large volumes of data and capable of supporting some large and possibly
complex organization or enterprise. An EIS must be able to be used by all parts and all levels of an
enterprise.[1]
The word enterprise can have various connotations. Frequently the term is used only to refer to very large
organizations such as multi-national companies or public-sector organizations. However, the term may be
used to mean virtually anything, by virtue of it having become a corporate-speak buzzword.

Purpose:Enterprise information systems provide a technology platform that enables organizations to

integrate and coordinate their business processes on a robust foundation. An EIS is currently used in
conjunction with customer relationship management and supply chain management to automate business
processes. An enterprise information system provides a single system that is central to the organization
that ensures information can be shared across all functional levels and management hierarchies.

An EIS can be used to increase business productivity and reduce service cycles, product development
cycles and marketing life cycles. It may be used to amalgamate existing applications. Other outcomes
include higher operational efficiency and cost savings.
Financial value is not usually a direct outcome from the implementation of an enterprise information
system.

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Design Stage:At the design stage the main characteristic of EIS efficiency evaluation is the probability of
timely delivery of various messages such as command, service, etc.

Impact of Information Technology on Business:

1. Globalization:Information technology has enabled businesses to attain a greater reach. Now more
than ever, it’s easier for companies to do business across the world. Emails, text, instant messaging,
websites and applications have made global communication quicker and more effective than ever.
2. Collaboration and Access:Businesses have advanced internal communications quite a bit as well,
making it possible for employees at many companies to work from home throughout
the coronavirus pandemic. Communication networks enable managers to access and share data
within their department as well as throughout their organization. Businesses have relied on
advanced collaboration tools to complete work that usually only occurred in person.
3. Storage:The thought of organizing and storing paperwork makes most employees cringe.
Fortunately, much data is stored electronically now, making it easier for retrieval when the
information is needed.More organizations use cloud storage to supplement their facilities, which is
made possible by cloud storage. Users can remotely upload and view content, store and retrieve
data as needed. This is a much more convenient way for organizations to access information. Now
instead of purchasing internal servers, hard drives and thumb drives, you can access information
almost anywhere.
4. Cybersecurity:Every organization has information that they want to be protected from competitors,
hackers and others trying to damage the company, which is why cybersecurity is a major priority for
businesses.Virtual storage systems or cloud computing systems make information accessible for
all within an organization, and cybersecurity protects this information. Cybersecurity
professionals are continually working to update systems to keep the information safe from
unwanted intrusion.
5. Support:Technology makes it possible for businesses to support external customer service efforts
as well as help individuals within the organization. There are hundreds of platforms that streamline
the workflow but also facilitate the work process. Getting feedback is also easier since
communication is also more straightforward.

6. Mobile Technology:Thanks to mobile technology, it has truly become easier to take your work
anywhere. If you don’t have a laptop or pad at your disposal, it is now possible to use your phone
to complete your work. Mobile technology has picked up momentum owing to its convenience,
efficiency, and speed. You can have your work with you in your back pocket!

The trend of BYOD (Bring Your Device) is on the rise at many organizations, where employees can bring

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technology that they use at home. Some of the benefits include:

 Improvement in productivity
 Boost in employee satisfaction
 Lower enterprise costs
 A perk that could attract prospective employers

Technology has driven a lot of advanced processes in many businesses. As technology becomes even
more advanced, its role with businesses will continue to grow.

Business Data Processing:

Data Processing Definition:
A working definition of data processing usually includes all operations performed on data – disclosure,
management, use and collection of data are four examples of business data processing within a company.
The strategic goal of data processing is to convert raw data into meaningful information that improves a
current situation or resolves an existing problem. Data processing outputs often take various forms such as
reports, diagrams and graphics that make the data easier to understand and analyze.
In recent decades, organizations have increasingly relied on computer systems to help them
streamline business data processing operations – however, skilled human efforts are still a critical
component in maintaining accuracy and other quality components throughout the steps in business data
processing.

Types of Data Processing:

The three types of data processing – manual, mechanical and electronic – are summarized below.
 Manual Data Processing – This is the “old-fashioned” way of doing it before the invention of
calculators. When data processing is done manually (“by hand”), the process is slow and all
mistakes are due to “human error.”
 Mechanical Data Processing – Data processing results improved dramatically with the addition of
typewriters and calculators. However, speed and errors were still very much a function of “human
operators.”
 Electronic Data Processing – Modern data processing uses computers to facilitate processing
requirements. Based on data processing instructions provided by human users and programmers,
computers now handle an expanding part of the data processing operation. While processing data
electronically has become the accepted norm, the underlying technology continues to evolve. For
example, replacing “paper forms” is still a work-in-progress for many organizations.

Data Processing Cycle:

The data processing cycle is a sequential one that starts with inputs and often ends with interpretation of
results – however, many organizations add two stages for feedback and storage:
1. Input – The first part of the data processing cycle involves collecting data as well as entering
it and then preparing it for the next part of the cycle.
2. Processing – During the second part of the cycle, data is manipulated according to
instructions and parameters programmed into the processing application.

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3. Output – The form of outputs includes common variations such as results that are printed or
displayed on a computer monitor.
4. Interpretation – Assessing and analyzing results: What does the data mean?
5. Feedback – Comparing output with desired results: How can data be processed better?
6. Storage – Archiving the data (either physically or electronically) for future use.

Steps in Business Data Processing:

In a complete data processing operation, you should pay attention to what is happening in five distinct
business data processing steps:
 Editing – What data do you really need? Extracting and editing relevant data is the critical first step
on your way to useful results.
 Coding – This step is also known as bucketing or netting and aligns the data in a systematic
arrangement that can be understood by computer systems.
 Data Entry – Entering the data into software is a step that can be performed efficiently by data
entry professionals.
 Validation – After a “cleansing” phase, validating the data involves checking (and preferably
double-checking) for desired quality levels.
 Tabulation – Arranging data in a form that facilitates further use and analysis.

Making the Best Use of Employee Time and Skills:

In today’s challenging business environment, effective data processing plays an invaluable role for
companies looking for new ways to survive and thrive against multiple competitors. However, using your
skilled employees to perform the most monotonous aspects of business data processing is rarely a cost-
effective strategy.
What should you do instead? Many time-consuming data processing activities such as forms processing and
invoice scanning should be outsourced to specialists such as DataEntryOutsourced. When you do this, you
will make skilled employees available for more productive assignments – such as taking your company to a
higher level.
Please leave your comments about business data processing below and then pass along your thoughts by
using the social media buttons.

Inter-communication vs. Intra-communication:

Inter-communication takes place “outside” – in other words, it is in the open domain and may be
considered in the three ways below:
– Inter-personal communication involves the exchange of message/information/dataacross communication
channel from one person to another or one group to another.
– Inter-organizational communication describes communication between separate organizations – for
example, a negotiation for a long-term business agreement such as a supplier and development chain or
network.
– Internet communication uses a computer-based system that is open to the users – eg World-Wide-Web.
Individuals and companies are able to buy, sell, advertise, investigate – in fact, conduct all manner of
communication processes – in a way that might be person-to-person, person-to company, or company-to-
company.

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Intra-communication takes place “inside” the individual/body/group/network/organization and may be

considered in the three ways below:
– Intra-personal communication takes place “inside” the person; the process of intra-personal
communication involves the transmission of data/information/feelings between the various senses or
pathways.
– Intra-organizational communication classifies communication that is internal within the organization: it
describes the use of company magazines or newsletters which are used as the communication channel.
– Intranet communication is a form of communication channel using computer-based technology harnessed
by the organization to allow internal communication to take place – eg an internal email network.

What are the major information system activities?

The major activities of an information system are;
 Input of Data Resource. Data about business transactions and other events must be
captured and prepared for processing by the input activity.
 Processing of Data into Information.
 Output of Information Products.
 Storage of Data Resource.
 Control of System Performance.

1. Input of Data Resource: Data about business transactions and other events must be captured and
prepared for processing by the input activity. Input typically takes the form of data entry activities such as
recording and editing. End uses typically record data about transactions on some type of physical medium
such as paper form, or enter it directly into a computer system. This usually includes a variety of editing
activities to ensure that they have recorded data correctly. Once entered, data may be transferred onto a
machine-readable medium such as a magnetic disk until needed for processing.

2. Processing of Data into Information: Data is typically subjected to processing activities such as
calculating, comparing, sorting, classifying, and summarizing. These activities organize, analyze and
manipulate data, thus converting them into information for end users. The quality of any data stored in an
information system must also be maintained by a continual process of correcting and updating activities.

3. Output of Information Products: Information in various forms is transmitted to end-users and made
available to them in the output activity. The goal of information systems is the production of appropriate
information products for end users. Common information products messages, reports, forms, and graphic
images, which may be provided by video displays, audio responses, paper products, and multimedia. For
example, a sales manager may view a video display to check on the performance of a salesperson, accept a
computer-produced voice message by telephone, and receive a printout of monthly sales results

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4. Storage of Data Resource: Storage is a basic system component of information systems. Storage is the
information system activity in which data and information are retained in an organized manner for later use.
For example, just as written text material is organized into words, sentences, paragraphs, and documents,
stored data is commonly organized into fields, records, files, and database. This facilitates its later use in
processing or its retrieval as output when needed by users of a system.

5. Control of System Performance: An important information system activity is the control of its
performance. An information system should produce feedback about its input, processing, output, and the
system is meeting established performance standards. Then appropriate system activities must be adjusted
so that proper information products are produced for end users.

What are the duties of information systems manager?

However, typical tasks include:
 Managing a team of staff including programmers, analysts and support specialists.
 Evaluating the functionality of systems.
 Consulting computer users to ascertain needs and to ensure that facilities meet user or project
requirements.
 Selecting and purchasing appropriate hardware and software.

What is an information systems manager?

An information systems manager is an IT professional who oversees the IT department within an
organization. They work closely with their team to troubleshoot IT problems, administer computer system
updates as well as install hardware and software for different departments.

Every organization needs records of its activities, to find the cause of problems and proper solutions.
Information systems are useful for storing operational data, communication records, documents, and
revision histories.

Functions of information systems

There are various functions of information systems like the collection of input data, storage, processing, and
producing the output information. The functions also control the information flow as well as the feedback
loop. The systems can be also open and closed systems.

 Input
The input in an information system has two types:
 Output is created with detailed data which is stored and processed
 The specification of what type of analysis is done must be specified by the user

 Storage: The storage of Data should be done at the most detailed level possible. Regular backups
and various summaries should be completed to avoid losing any important data due to errors. The backups
should also be stored in a geographically different location to avoid any major disasters such as flooding or
fires etc.. Which could impact on both the original data storage and the backup data storage.

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 Processing: A process is a function which transforms data into information. A simple process
would be adding up a number of items that is sold by a business by a variable such as the location of a store
or the product or the time and date. More complex processes are the functions that perform calculations and
can make assumptions about missing data in order to create information from the data available.

 Feedback / control loops: A feedback / control loop is what happens to output when it is processed
and produced. The system continuously repeats the same processes depending on the output of the last loop
which can then impact on the input of the next data in to the loop. For example if a business might want to
buy stock from a supplier if the stock level reaches 10. The system might check stock levels every hour (in
a loop) and if the stock level is above 10, the loop continues without action until the point it hits 10 or under
at which stage the command gets executed and new stock is ordered.

 Output
There are two types of output in this context, graphical and textual:
 Graphical output is usually used to look at information on a larger scale which is then
presented as charts, graphs, diagrams and pictures.
 Textual output is information on a smaller scale which is presented as charters, text or
numbers.
Users of Information Systems:

1. Systems Analyst: The role of the systems analyst is to straddle the divide between identifying
business needs and imagining a new or redesigned computer-based system to fulfill those needs.
This individual will work with a person, team, or department with business requirements and
identify the specific details of a system that needs to be built.

2. Programmer: Programmers spend their time writing computer code in a programming

language. In the case of systems development, programmers generally attempt to fulfill the design
specifications given to them by a systems analyst.

3. Computer Engineer: Computer engineers design the computing devices that we use every day.
There are many types of computer engineers, who work on a variety of different types of devices
and systems. Some of the more prominent engineering jobs are as follows:
Hardware engineer. A hardware engineer designs hardware components, such as
microprocessors. Many times, a hardware engineer is at the cutting edge of computing technology,
creating something brand new. Other times, the hardware engineer’s job is to engineer an existing
component to work faster or use less power.
Software engineer. Software engineers do not actually design devices; instead, they create
new programming languages and operating systems, working at the lowest levels of the hardware
to develop new kinds of software to run on the hardware.
Systems engineer. A systems engineer takes the components designed by other engineers
and makes them all work together.
Network engineer. A network engineer’s job is to understand the networking requirements
of an organization and then design a communications system to meet those needs, using the
networking hardware and software available.

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4. Computer Operator:A computer operator is the person who keeps the large computers running.
This person’s job is to oversee the mainframe computers and data centers in organizations. Some of
their duties include keeping the operating systems up to date, ensuring available memory and disk
storage, and overseeing the physical environment of the computer.

5. Database Administrator:A database administrator (DBA) is the person who manages the
databases for an organization. This person creates and maintains databases that are used as part of
applications or the data warehouse. The DBA also consults with systems analysts and programmers
on projects that require access to or the creation of databases.

6. Help-Desk/Support Analyst:Most mid-size to large organizations have their own information-

technology help desk. The help desk is the first line of support for computer users in the company.
Computer users who are having problems or need information can contact the help desk for
assistance. A successful help-desk analyst should have good people and communications skills, as
well as at least junior-level IT skills.
7. Trainer:A computer trainer conducts classes to teach people specific computer skills. For
example, if a new ERP system is being installed in an organization, one part of the implementation
process is to teach all of the users how to use the new system.

How information system helps in decision making?

Management information system provides knowledge about the relative position of the
organization and basic forces at work. It provides the right information needed in decision making
process and help the organizations control, planning and operational functions to be carried out
effectively.

Management information systems can help you make valid decisions by providing accurate and
up-to-date information and performing analytic functions. You have to make sure the
management information system you choose can work with the information formats available in
your company and has the features you need.

1.Information from Company Operations: When you base your decisions on data available
from management information systems, they reflect information that comes from the operations
of your company. Management information systems take data generated by the working level and
organize it into useful formats. Management information systems typically contain sales figures,
expenses, investments and workforce data. If you need to know how much profit your company
has made each year for the past five years to make a decision, management information systems
can provide accurate reports giving you that information.
2.Capability to Run Scenarios: The capability to run scenarios is a key decision-making tool.
Some management information systems have this feature built in, while others can provide the

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information required for running scenarios on other applications, such as spreadsheets. Your
decision is influenced by what happens if you decide a certain way. What-if scenarios show you
how different variables change when you make a decision.
3.Projections to Assist in Decision Making: Any decisions you make result in changes in the
projected company results and may require modifications to your business strategy and overall
goals. Management information systems either have trend analysis built in or can provide
information that lets you carry out such an analysis. Typical business strategies include
projections for all fundamental operating results.
4.Implementation and Evaluation: While you make your decisions with specific goals in mind
and have the documentation from management information systems and trend analysis to support
your expectations, you have to track company results to make sure they develop as planned.
Management information systems give you the data you need to determine whether your
decisions have had the desired effect, or whether you have to take corrective action to reach your
goals. If specific results are not on track, you can use management information systems to
evaluate the situation and decide to take additional measures if necessary.
Information System Strategy is an essential feature in Corporate and Information Technology (IT)
world and provide them with better bargaining power. In a nutshell, it helps firms and companies to
allocate, store, process data, move the data and information they develop and receive.

Important Questions:
1. Differentiate between Information system and Information Technology?
2. Write an impact of IT in Business.
3. Explain Business Processing Cycle.
4. Write a short note on Managers and Activities in IS.
5. Write the importance of Is in decision making.
6. Why we need for information system.
7. Explain Components of Information Systems (Features).
8. Explain the functions of IS.
9. Explain the Users of IS.
10. Explain Intra and Inter organizational Communications using in Network
Technology.

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PROF. NAVEENKUMAR N AICAMS, YELAHANKA. BCU 13

BCU