Cairo Governorate ‫محافظة القاهرة‬

Nasr City Ed. Directorate ‫إدارة شرق مدينة نصر التعليمية‬

Member of the ASP Net ‫عضو شبكة مدارس اليونسكو‬
AL OLA Modern school ) ‫عربي‬-‫مدرسة العال الحديثة ( لغات‬
AL OLA Language School ‫مدرسة العال للغات‬

2 prep – science ‫الثاني االعدادى‬: ‫الصف‬

‫مراجعه العملي‬
‫ علوم‬: ‫المادة‬

Water has neutral effect on litmus paper (red and blue )

Tools :
1-baker contains pure water
2-litmus paper has (red and blue )
Steps :-
Pure water doesn’t effect on litmus paper red and blue
Conclusion :
Water has neutral effect on litmus paper
because number of positive hydrogen = number of negative hydroxide ions

Reaction of non -metals with dilute acids:

Tools:
Test tube. Piece of coal (Carbon) Dilute hydrochloric acid
Steps:
1- Put a piece of coal in a test tube.
2- Add some dilute HCl to it
Observation: No reaction takes place
Conclusion: Nonmetals don’t react dilute acids
 Reaction of metals with dilute acids.

Tools: a test tube – a magnesium – dilute hydrochloric acid – a jar filled with
oxygen – water – violet litmus solution.
Step:
 Put a piece of magnesium strip in a test tube and add some dilute
hydrochloric acid (HCl).
 Ignite one end of a magnesium strip until it burns then put it inside a jar
filled with oxygen gas.
 Add same water to the produced substance (magnesium oxide) with
shaking, then add drops of violet litmus solution.
Observations:
 Evolving of gas bubbles.
 Magnesium strip burns with a bright light and change into a power
(magnesium oxide).
 Magnesium oxide dissolves in water.
 The solution turns into blue.
Conclusions:
 Metals such as magnesium (Mg) react with oxygen forming metal oxides,
ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡
which are known as “ basic oxides” Metal + Oxygen → Basic oxide
∆
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
 Some basic oxides (such as magnesium oxide) dissolve in water forming
alkaline solutions which turn violet litmus solution into blue.
Basic oxide + Water  Alkali
MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2
 To Prove that water is a good polar solvent:
Tools: Three beakers . Table sugar .Stirring spoon Table salt Water Food oil
Steps:
1- Fill the three beakers with an equal amounts of water
2- Put a spoon of table sugar in the first beaker a spoon of table
Salt in the second and a spoon of food oil in the third with stirring
Observation:
Both sugar and table salt dissolve in water while oil doesn’t dissolve.
Conclusion:
Water is good polar solvent for :
1- Most ionic compounds (such as sodium chloride] table salt [.
2- Some covalent compounds (such as sugar) , which can from hydrogen bonds
with water .
Most covalent compounds as oil cannot dissolve in water, as it cannot form
hydrogen bonds with water.
==========================================================
The activity explains that the oxides of some metals are basic oxides
tools:- Magnesium bar Tube test litmus solution Water
Steps:-
1- ignite part of the magnesium strip until it glows. Then put it in tube
2- Add an amount of water to the produced substance
3- Add some drops of litmus solution
observation magnesium oxide dissolves in water
The color of litmus turns from violet to blue
conclusion
- Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides known as basic oxides
-some basic oxides dissolve in water forming alkaline solution