[P1.

001]
MOF-derived carbons with Cu2O: An efficient adsorbent for the removal of nitrogen-
containing compounds from liquid fuel
N. Khan*, M. Sarker, S. Jhung
Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea

Nitrogen-containing compounds (NCCs), such as quinoline (QUI) and indole (IND) and their
derivatives, are generally present in crude fuel at considerable levels. There is a significant
necessity to reduce the content of the NCCs in marketable fuel (up to very low levels). In this
study, Cu2O-supported porous carbons were applied for the adsorptive removal of NCCs from
liquid model fuel. The porous carbons were obtained from the pyrolysis of metal azolate
o
framework-6 (MAF-6, a subclass of metal-organic frameworks) at 1000 C, especially in the
presence of a KOH activator. The KOH activation under inert condition resulted in the increase
of the surface area and pore volume of the MOF-derived carbons (MDCs) in high degree
because of the conversion of small pores into bigger ones. In addition, Cu2O nanoparticles
were incorporated within the porous surface of the MDCs via a low temperature hydrothermal
2
synthesis procedure. The Cu2O-supported carbons with very high surface area (~ 3000 m /g)
showed remarkable adsorption capacities for QUI and IND, especially compared with
conventional adsorbent activated carbon (as shown in the Fig. 1). As observed, the KOH-
+
activated adsorbents, with Cu sites (within the porous surface), resulted in the 2.9 and 2.8
times adsorptions of QUI and IND, respectively; compared to the usual MDCs (obtained at
same pyrolysis temperature). The significant uptake of the NCCs with the KOH activated
Cu2O/MDC could be explained by (i) the high surface area/pore volumes of the adsorbents; and
+
(ii) the efficient π-complex formation between Cu species of the adsorbents and the NCCs.
Moreover, the adsorbents could be re-generated in a facile manner to re-use up to several
cycles efficiently.

350

300

250 QUI
IND
200
q12h, mg/g

150

100

50

0
Activated carbon MDC MDC-KOH Cu2O/MDC-KOH

Fig. 1. Adsorption of QUI and IND after 12 h of adsorption with the activated carbon and MDCs.
The initial concentrations of the NCCs were 1000 ppm.

Keywords: MOF-derived carbon, Cu2O, Denitrogenation, Adsorption

 [P1.002]
Catalytic oxidation of dichloromethane over Pt/TiO2-ZrO2 catalysts
1 2 1 2
L. Matejova , S. Pitkäaho , E. Kinnertova* , R.L. Keiski
1 2
VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic, University of Oulu, Finland

Introduction: Dichloromethane belongs among three most used chlorinated solvents in Europe.
It is emitted into air mainly as a part of emissions from industrial processes (from pharmaceutics
production). Since 2017 dichloromethane was shifted from 2B group (possible carcinogens to
humans) into 2A group (probable carcinogens to humans) in the classification of the
International Agency for Research on Cancer. Catalytic oxidation represents the cost-efficient
and environmentally acceptable way to reduce dichloromethane emissions. The development of
effective catalysts for total dichloromethane oxidation is still under keen research interest.

Methods: TiO2-ZrO2 supports with various Ti:Zr molar loadings were prepared using a unique
sol-gel method and impregnated with ~1 wt.% of Pt. Pristine Pt/TiO2 and Pt/ZrO2 catalysts were
prepared for comparison. Catalysts were characterized by ICP, N2 physisorption, XRD, H2-TPR
and NH3-TPD and tested in total dichloromethane oxidation with the aid of light-off tests to study
the influence of support composition on the activity and selectivity of Pt catalysts.

Results: It was revealed that all Pt/TiO2-ZrO2 catalysts are comparably active, but markedly
more active than pristine Pt/TiO2 and Pt/ZrO2. Pt/TiO2-ZrO2 catalysts show good HCl selectivity,
ranging from 79 to 91%. Concerning the selectivity to desired CO2, Pt/Ti0.3Zr0.7On and
Pt/Ti0.9Zr0.1On catalysts are the most selective since only traces of CH2O (1 ppm) and CO
(2 ppm) were detected. Pt/ZrO2 shows excellent CO2 selectivity, complete dichloromethane
oxidation was observed.

Discussion: In contrast to γ-Al2O3-based catalysts, TiO2-ZrO2-based catalysts have been less

examined in dichloromethane oxidation although TiO2-ZrO2 support shows good preconditions
to be promising support. ZrO2 increases significantly the surface acidity and affects crystallinity
of TiO2-based support, thus, crucially influences the CO2 selectivity (namely disproportionation
of dichloromethane on the support) and stability of Pt catalysts.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported from ERDF "Institute of Environmental

Technology – Excellent Research" (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_019/0000853).

Keywords: catalytic oxidation, dichloromethane, platinum, titania-zirconia

 [P1.003]
Investigating the optimum plasma surface modification on polystyrene for cardiac tissue
engineering
1,3 2 3 4 1,3 1,3
M. Kitsara* , D. Kontziampasis , V. Humblot , E. Bolomiti , A. Simon , Y. Hovhannisyan , P.
4 1,3
Dimitrakis , O. Agbulut
1 2 3
Institut Biologie Paris Seine, France, University of Leeds, UK, Sorbonne Université, France,
4
NCSR Demokritos, Greece

Plasma has been established as a tool for the surface modification of polymers in tissue
engineering. Polystyrene (PS) is the most widespread material for cell culture. Although there
are studies trying to demystify the plasma treatment effect on PS surfaces, they either focus
strongly on the materials or the biological side. This study tries to put some light on the question
of which of the two most popular plasma treatments, oxygen and nitrogen, favours normal
cardiac cell behaviour.

PS slides were plasma treated using O2, N2, O2+N2 and N2+Ar gas mixtures in a reactive ion
etcher. SEM was used to study the topography, while X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
was employed to decode the chemical changes induced by plasma. The wettability was
assessed by contact angle (CA) measurements. H9c2 cells, derived from embryonic rat heart,
were cultured on the different surfaces.

SEM images show that O2 and O2+N2 plasma induced a dual scale topography with “islands”
and nanomounts, while N2 plasma led to a uniform nanomount structure (fig.1), and N2+Ar led
to minor changes. Upon O2 plasma treatment, the atomic percentage of oxygen increases from
18% to 42%. When PS is treated with N2 plasma, nitrogen is now detectable (14%) together
with an oxygen increase (45%). CA measurements validate that both O2 and N2 plasma
treatments lead to superhydrophilicity. H9c2 culture shows higher viability on the N2-treated
samples.

These findings could be an indication that oxygen species, although favourable towards surface
hydrophilisation, may not provide the appropriate environment for cells. Contrarily, nitrogen
plasma allows cardiac cells to perform their normal functions, leading to the conclusion that it
produces a friendlier cellular environment. Therefore, this study provides important data for
understanding the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species on cardiac cells, which can lead
to the control of numerous cellular mechanisms.

Keywords: surface modification, plasma treatment, polystyrene, cardiac tissue engineering

 [P1.004]
Development of a new superhydrophobic coating for automotive and railway applications
2 2 2 1 1 1
D. Portet , V. Delhorbe , O. Favrat , C. Delaite , S. Bistac* , G. Garreffa
1 2
UHA, France, Surfactis, France

The objective of this work is to obtain a superhydrophobic coating for automotive and/or railway
applications. This coating should be able to improve self-cleaning, anti-icing and anti-fouling
properties. The strategy is to develop an optimal formulation, allowing, after spraying on the
surface, to obtain superhydrophobic properties, but also mechanical resistance and
transparency. For that, new hydropobic polymers were developed, also able to be chemically
grafted both to the paint layer surface (usually polyurethane based) and to the silica particles
(added to increase the coating roughness and consequently the hydrophobic properties).The
synthesis of copolymers containing hydrophobic monomers has allowed us to obtain a good
level of hydrophobicity, with a conversion rate> 99%.

The addition of silica nanoparticles in the formulation did not make it possible to obtain
superhydrophobicity because the roughness caused by their nanometric size was masked by
the thickness of the polymer layer. These results have led us to use particles of micrometric
diameter to be able to combine them with the polymer in sufficient quantity to ensure the
resistance of the coating while retaining a sufficient roughness. The resulting coating
properties were evaluated through wettability and mechanical tests. Water contact angles> 150
° were obtained. The new coatings exhibit also a good mechanical resistance to scratch and to
a water jet under high pressure. Further works are in progress to improve the aesthetic
appearance of the coating.

Keywords: Coating, Hydrophobic, Polymer

 [P1.005]
Characteristics of functional coating according to annealing treatment times and
thickness synthesized on cover glass of photovoltaic module
C.Y. Lee, S.C. Yoo, S.H. Kwon*, W.S. Choi
Hanbat National University, Republic of Korea

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the functional coating film according to the
number of coatings and heat treatments to improve the anti-pollution properties and efficiency
of PV(Photovoltaic) module. The functional coating film was performed on a glass substrate
such as a cover glass for PV module. Brush coating method was used for the coating process
and hot air fan equipment was used for the heat treatment process so that it can be easily
applied to the existing PV module. The coating process was carried out using the brush coating
at intervals of 10 minutes from 1 to 3 times, respectively, and the heat treatment process was
carried out using the hot air fan equipment for 2 minutes after the coating process. After the
coating and heat treatment, glass substrates were analyzed for the anti-pollution properties,
contact angle, and optical properties The anti-pollution properties was identified through self-
cleaning. The contact angle of the functional coating film was measured by a contact angle
analyzer (Phoenix 300 Auto, S.E.O.), and the optical properties were measured via UV-visible
spectroscopy (Mega-700, Scinco), which can be used as an integrating sphere.

Keywords: Anti-pollution, Functional coating, Annealing treatment times, Thickness

 [P1.006]
Growth of carbon nanowall on the interlayer coated substrate
H.J. Choi, S.H. Kwon*, H.I. Kang, J.H. Kim, W.S. Choi
Hanbat National University, Republic of Korea

Carbon nanowall (CNW) has the widest reaction surface area among the carbon-based
nanomaterials, however its application is rare due to the low adhesion with substrates. TiN
(Titanium Nitride) is a well-used material as an interlayer to improve the adhesion between two
materials. ITO (Indium tin oxide), a representative TCO (Transparent Conducting Oxide)
material, is widely used as the electrode for displays, solar cells, and etc. In this study, TiN or
ITO thin films were used as an interlayer to improve the adhesion between CNW and substrate.
The interlayer was deposited on the substrate using an RF magnetron sputtering system with a
4-inch TiN or ITO target. CNWs were grown on the interlayer coated substrate using a
microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) system with a mixture of
methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) gases. The adhesion of CNW/interlayer/substrate structure
was measured by an ultrasonic cleaner. Afterward, the electrical changes by ultrasonic cleaning
were confirmed using a Hall measurement, and then the changes of surface properties
according to the adhesion layer were analyzed by a FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron
Microscope), AFM (Atomic Force Microscope), and contact angle measurement.

Keywords: Carbon based nano-materials, Carbon nanowall, Adhesion, Interlayer

 [P1.007]
Study of functional group on modified-CNW materials according to organic compounds
based surface treatment
S.H. Kwon*, H.J. Choi, V.H. Tran, W.S. Choi, H.I. Kang
Hanbat National University, Republic of Korea

A carbon nanowall(CNW) is utilized as 2-dimension carbon nano materials in electrochemistry

due to having wide surface. A functional group for chemical reaction is non-exist on surface of
normal CNW, so formation of functional group according to surface treatment (ST) is needed. In
this research, we investigated functional group-based change of CNW surface through ST. A
CNW synthesized by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) was modified to
oxided and redoxed-CNW through primary ST, and those were modified by organic compound
based secondary ST. Results of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and Raman spectrum
showed surface and phases of modified-CNW. Component and binding energy of formed
functional group (epoxy, hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl) were checked by XPS (X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy) and FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared). We found that formation
and adjustment of functional group were identified on modified-CNW and there were difference
according to oxidation and redox treatment. As shown this research, change of CNW surface
by various ST was clear, and a lot of functional group activation was confirmed by CNW
advantage.

Keywords: CNW, functional group, surface treatment

 [P1.008]
Enhanced osseointegration of Ti6Al4V ELI screws built-up by electron beam additive
manufacturing: An experimental study in rabbits
1 1 2 1 1 1
B.S. Lee* , H.J. Lee , K.S. Lee , H.G. Kim , G.H. Kim , C.W. Lee
1 2
Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Republic of Korea, University of Ulsan College of
Medicine, Republic of Korea

Ti6Al4V ELI has been used in biomedical devices because of its excellent biocompatibility and
good specific strength. The additive manufacturing provides a favorable surface structures
including morphologies, shapes and irregularities, which can play a crucial role in bone tissue
integration. In the present study, the osseointegration of the additively manufactured screws
and machined Ti6Al4V ELI screws for smooth surfaces was compared. Two screws with
different surface structures, micro-rough and smooth, were implanted in rabbit femurs for two
weeks. The additively manufactured screws exhibited a micro-rough surface with attached semi
melted powders with size of 50 ‒ 100 µm and blunt threads, whereas the machined screws
showed a smooth surface and sharp threads. The bonding strength of the additively
manufactured screws was nine times that of the machined screws. The additively manufactured
screws (35.9±10.2%) showed higher bone-to-implant contact than the machined screws
(5.9±3.8%). The considerable bone tissues on the surface of the additively manufactured
screws remained after the push-out tests, and the rabbit tibiae with the additively manufactured
screws were significantly damaged. Active osteogenesis was observed around the semi melted
powders of the additively manufactured screw implants, and new bone was well developed
along the surface of screw implants. Overall, this study shows that the micro-rough surface
improved the osseointegration of Ti6Al4V ELI screws and may be an alternative to conventional
machined screws with a smooth surface.

Keywords: Additive manufacturing, Osseointegration, Bone-to-implant contact, Biointerfaces

 [P1.009]
Thermal stability and electrochemical corrosion of Au/Pd/Ni(P)/Cu and Au/Pd(P)/Ni(P)/Cu
multilayers
1 1,2 1 1,3 1 1,4 1
C.Y. Lee* , W.Z. Hsieh , C.H. Yang , P.T. Lee , Y.S. Wu , T.T. Kuo , C.E. Ho
1 2
Yuan Ze University, Taiwan, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan,
3 4
National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Taiwan Uyemura Limited Company, Taiwan

Autocatalytic (electroless) plating deposition of a submicron palladium (Pd or Pd-P) film

between Au and Ni(P) films, i.e., Au/Pd/Ni(P) or Au/Pd(P)/Ni(P) (ENEPIG), becomes an
important surface finish over the Cu metallization pads in recent years. The Pd film deposited
via a formic-acid-type solution is highly pure with a polycrystalline structure, and that deposited
via an alkaline hypophosphite-type solution possesses an amorphous structure dissolved with a
specific amount of phosphorus (P) (2−5 wt.%). The P constituent of the Pd(P) film had been
recognized as an important factor of the solderability since it might nucleate with Ni and Sn into
Ni2SnP intermetallic compound during soldering reaction, affecting the mechanical reliability of
the joint interface. In packaging applications, the Au/Pd/Ni(P) and Au/Pd(P)/Ni(P) surface
finishes might be stored at an elevated temperature, e.g., 180 °C. Consequently, there is also
an urgent need to initiate a study of the thermal reliability and oxidation/corrosion resistance of
the two surface finishes. In the electrochemical corrosion test, potentiodynamic polarization
analysis was performed in a sulfuric acid solution through a standard three-electrode cell using
a VersaSTAT 4 potentiostat (Princeton Applied Research) at room temperature (25 °C). The
isothermal annealing test of Au/Pd/Ni(P) and Au/Pd(P)/Ni(P) was carried out at 180 °C and
atmospheric pressure (1 atm) for 0–100 h. We investigated the elemental distribution and
microstructure evolution of the two multilayers after the electrochemical corrosion and
isothermal annealing tests via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), time
of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(XPS). These evaluations will provide valuable information about the role of P in the thermal
reliability and corrosion characteristics of the ENEPIG surface finishes.

Keywords: P effect, Au/Pd(P)/Ni(P), thermal reliability, corrosion resistance

 [P1.010]
Investigation on the high-temperature oxidation behaviour for short-term reaction of
AlCrN coating on WC substrate using FIB, XPS, and GI-XRD techniques
S.H. Lee*, I.H. Ko, S.Y. Ha, J.S. Ryu
Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Republic of Korea

A surface analysis was performed on an aluminum chromium nitride (AlCrN) coating formed on
a tungsten carbide (WC) substrate subjected to oxidation at elevated temperatures using focus
ion beam (FIB), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD). In
the previous studies, surface for the AlCrN coating changes over a long-term reaction (more
than 3 hours) were reported, but this study observed surface and interface reactions that
appeared for a short-term (in minutes) in the high-temperature (900 °C). To separately analyze
a coating with a thickness of several micrometers, the GI-XRD method was used. For cross-
sectional imaging, the samples were milled using an FIB system, and chemical bonding states
and concentration of each element at the surface were analyzed by XPS. Within just few
seconds, the color of the AlCrN coating surface changed irregularly and, after 10 minutes, the
entire coating layer surface changed. The entire coating surface oxidized as discoloration
progressed in partial areas after 30 minutes. Based on the results of the GI-XRD and XPS, after
10 minutes, it observed that alumina and chromium oxides are formed on the outermost
surface, and after 10 minutes, Cr-W and Co-W oxides phase appears result from a reaction
with WC near the interface. The atomic concentration of nitrogen in AlCrN coatings decreases
after few seconds on the outermost surface and is almost eliminated after 10 minutes (oxygen
tends to be the opposite). Finally, the FIB results showed that voids and Cr-rich oxides were
formed within the coating layer at the beginning of the high-temperature, and diffusion of
nitrogen and oxygen in subsequent reactions was identified. This study produced interesting
results from various analyses that differed from the previously reported AlCrN-coated oxidation
behavior.

Keywords: aluminum chromium nitride, high-temperature oxidation, short-time reaction,

tungsten carbide
 [P1.011]
Interfacial fracture investigation of patterned active matrix OLED driven by amorphous-Si
TFts under film-type packaging technology
1 1 2
C.C. Lee* , P.C. Huang , C.P. Hsieh
1 2
National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, National Taiwan University, Taiwan

Film-type packaging technology, including the multi-layer gas/vaporous barriers, pressure

sensitive adhesive (PSA), and cover plate, play the important role to maintain the long-term
operated performance of flexible active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) driven by
amorphous-Si TFTs. However, the layout pattern of AMOLD and related material
characteristics are found to be the key with regard to the appearances of critical failure mode,
such as the interfacial fracture of PSA/barrier layers composed of several pairs of SiNx/SiOx
thin stacked films as well as the PSA/protected coating above the region of OLED devices. Also,
the geometrical factors, including the thickness and fillet of SiNx-based passivation used to
define the illuminated area of AMOLED, are regarded to be the significant factors to influence
the illumination efficiency from the experimental findings of SEM images. For these reasons, a
robust simulated methodology combined with the utilization of the fracture stress based failure
criterion is proposed in this research. Under the examinations of applying several bending radii,
the simulated results indicate that the occurrence of interfacial delamination between the
interface of PSA/barriers is earlier than PSA/protected layer. The above-mentioned matter can
be attributed to that the location of former interface estimated from neutral axis is farther than
the latter. Moreover, because of the layout pattern effect of AMOLED, the delaminated areas of
concerned interfaces are first to occur on the regions where the peeling and shearing stresses
exceed the corresponding critical magnitudes, not originally began at the location of considering
the maximum peeling stress only. On the other hand, the simulated results also point out that
either a higher thickness or a larger oblique angle of SiNx passivation would like to have a
significant raise in stresses that has a highly possibility to induce crack-failures.

Keywords: Interfacial adhesion, gas/vaporous barriers, Flexible display, Patterned layout

 [P1.012]
Substrate pre-heating effect on the residual stress evaluation of WC-based high entropy
superalloy during SLM additive manufacturing process
C.C. Lee*, P.C. Huang, Y.H. Chang
National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging fabrication technique to achieve the high

quality, high machining accuracy of products with complex geometries. Among all AM
technologies, selective laser melting (SLM) is regarded as an effective solution to form the
metal with superior mechanical properties. However, the reliability of SLM part is highly
depended on the laser parameters, scan strategy, and the microstructure after SLM process.
The serious temperature gradient during SLM introduced the significant residual stress and
leading to the crack formation. Accordingly, the management of residual stress of SLM part
become a major issue for the improvement of reliability. For those reasons, this study mainly
focused on the substrate preheating effect on the reduction of SLM-induced residual stress.
Process-oriented thermal-mechanical finite element simulation is performed to explore the
mechanical responses of Tungsten Carbide (WC) based high-entropy super alloy under various
substrate preheating temperature. The presented results revealed that the residual stress
during SLM is significantly reduced when a substrate preheating temperature of 200°C is
introduced. Thereupon the substrate preheating is beneficial to prevent the crack formation and
failure occurrence of SLM part. Moreover, the gradient mechanical behaviour of presented
super alloy is examined by the nanoindentation mapping approach. The measured modulus of
top portion is obviously lower than the middle and bottom portion of SLM sample. This
phenomenon could be attributed to the middle and bottom portion is re-melted by the
subsequent scanning layer during SLM process, precipitating more WC phase to strengthen the
overall stiffness of concerned superalloy. Consequently, the influence of substrate preheating
on the residual stress evaluation of WC-based super alloy with gradient mechanical behaviour
is investigated.

Keywords: Additive manufacturing, Residual stress, Gradient mechanical behaviour,

Layered of WC superalloy
 [P1.013]
Nano controlled dual release of bone morphogenic protein-2 and insulin-like growth
factor-1 and titanium surface microgrooves enhance osteoblastic differentiation of
human mesenchymal stem cells
S.W. Lee*, K.M. Park
Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea

Introduction: We aimed to demonstrate that nano controlled dual release of bone morphogenic
protein-2 (BMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) by catechol-functionalized adhesive
polymer nanoparticles on microgrooved titanium (Ti) surface enhances in vitro osteoblastic
differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Methods: Photolithography was used to fabricate the microgrooved Ti, and catechol-
functionalized adhesive nanoparticles were immobilized onto Ti surfaces for controlled dual
release of BMP-2 and IGF-1. After characterizing the release profiles of BMP-2 and IGF-1 from
the nanoparticle-immobilized Ti substrata, we assessed the alkaline phoshpatase activity and
osteoblastic differentiation and confirmed the result by determining the expression of major
osteoblast marker genes and proteins.

Results: We demonstrate that surface microgrooves and dual growth factor releasing system
synergistically promote the osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. Also, combined microgrooves
and controlled release of BMP-2 and/or IGF-1 significantly promote the relative expression of
major osteoblast marker genes and proteins. The overall significant correlations between the
experimental results determined by the Pearson’s correlation analysis verify the validity of our
study.

Discussion: The proposed combined surface of microgrooves and growth factor release system
can be used as a strong osteogenic promoter on biomaterial surfaces. This research was
supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health
Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of
Korea (grant number : HI16C1838).

Keywords: titanium, microgroove, nanoparticle, osteoblastic differenctiation

 [P1.014]
Simulated and experimental demonstrations of interfacial adhesive strength for de-
bonded layer applied on flexible electronics
1 2 1 2 3 3
C.C. Lee* , Y.F. Lin , Y.Y. Liou , C.C. Liang , S.T. Yeh , H.Y. Chen
1 2 3
National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan, Industrial
Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Taiwan

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) flexible/rollable displays has become one of the
mainstreams for next-generation soft electronics because it has several excellent
characteristics such as thinner stacking thickness, wide viewing angles, and portability.
However, the foregoing display module during fabrication processes usually needs to mount on
a glass substrate through the adoption of de-bonded layer (DBL) for the advantage of being
carrier support and restraining the appearance of serious warpage induced by residual stress of
coatings. It is found that the intrinsic adhesion of DBL during the procedures of film depositions,
patterns, and so on, is quite sensitive to the temperature cycling effect. Consequently, the
foregoing adhesion changes randomly to damage display module when it would like to separate
with glass carrier. Therefore, how to manipulate and select the proper adhesive strength of DBL
is the key issue to improve the mechanical reliability of display modules. To resolve this
concerned and urgent problem, this research proposes a reliable simulation methodology
based on finite element method and experimental measurements to find the root cause of
affecting DBL adhesion. Through the XPS assistance, several temperature conditions, including
o o o
300 C, 420 C, 450 C with/without the use of surface treatment are considered their influences
on DBL adhesion. Via the inspection along depth direction from the PI/DBL interface to the
inside of DBL, it is concluded that a significant raise in the adhesive strength is found when the
nitrogen composition of DBL close to the bonded interface increases after surface treatment
process. The above-mentioned phenomenon is also validated by the adhesion measurements
of four-point bending tests (4PBT) and presented fracture mechanics based simulation.
Moreover, the effects of phase angle and the components of de-bonded forces for 4PBT and
actual equipment are also explored to be the managed guideline for the adhesion optimization
of DBL.

Keywords: Organic light-emitting diode, De-bonded layer, Adhesion, Four-point bending

tests
 [P1.015]
Interstitial diffusion study of silver into magnesium oxide in multilayer structure with XPS
technique
Z.R. Lee*, M. Warren, B. Hendricks, J. Terry
Illinois Institute of Technologyte, USA

A multilayered structure of magnesium oxide and silver has been show both experimentally and
theoretically with Density Functional Theory calculations to show a decrease in work function as
the thickness of the flanking magnesium oxide layers increases. Unfortunately, experimental
studies have shown a linearly decreasing work function with increasing magnesium oxide layer
thickness[1] while theory predicts an exponential decrease[2]. Electron microscopy of these
multilayers shows that there are imperfections during growth of the ultra thin film, specifically at
the interfaces. One such imperfection is the intermixing of silver and magnesium oxide at the
interface, which could certainly lead to changes in the chemistry, band structure, and energy
levels. We studied the multilayer interfaces with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine
changes in interface structure as function of silver film thickness, substrate temperature, and
type of substrate.

References

[1] Daniel Velazquez, Rachel Seibert, Hasitha Ganegoda, Daniel Olive, Amy Rice, Kevin
Logan, Zikri Yusof, Jeff Terry and Linda Spentzouris. "Tailoring the emissive properties of
photocathodes through materials engineering: ultra-thin multilayers," Applied Surface
Science, v.360, 2016, p. p. 762-76. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.11.064

[2] Károly Németh, Katherine C. Harkay, Michel van Veenendaal, Linda Spentzouris, Marion
White, Klaus Attenkofer, and George Srajer Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 046801 – Published 26
January 2010

Keywords: Photocathode, Surface Modification, Multilayer

 [P1.016]
Synthesis and characterization of V2O5-TiO2 films for catalytic application prepared by
plasma electrolytic oxidation
J.H. Lee*, K.H. Jung, S.K. Kim
Mokpo Maritime University, Republic of Korea

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a surface modification technique to produce ceramic

oxide layer on the surface of valve metals such as Al, Mg and Ti. It is similar to a conventional
anodizing process but utilizes much higher voltages to produce thick and dense ceramic coating
layer. The process is performed in dilute alkaline solution which is environment-friendly
compared to other surface treatment techniques. In this study, we used PEO technique as a
method for preparation of V2O5-TiO2 film on Ti alloy. The V2O5-TiO2 catalyst are conventionally
formed via impregnation of dissolved V2O5 onto TiO2 support. In PEO process, particles in
suspension can be incorporated into the ceramic oxide layer due to cataphoretic effect. Various
catalytic components having sizes ranging from nanoscale to microscale can be embedded into
the ceramic oxide layer to produce a catalytic system. The surface morphology and elemental
composition of the resulting ceramic oxide layer was characterized using scanning electron
microscopy(SEM), X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). Moreover,
possible incorporation mechanism was also discussed. We fabricated TiO2 support on Ti alloy
substrate and incorporated catalytic components into the ceramic oxide using with a single step
PEO technique and characterized the effects of process parameters on microstructure of the
coating layer. The result of this study provides evidence that different combination of process
parameters would produce different microstructural and catalytic characteristics of the coating
layer.

Acknowledgement

This research was a part of the project titled 'Construction of eco-friendly Al ship with painting,
and maintenance /repairment free', funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea.

Keywords: V2O5-TiO2, catalyst, plasma electrolytic oxidation

 [P1.017]
Citrus sinensis peel extract mediated green synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles
1 1 1 2 3
E. Leo-Alcantar* , O. Nava , C.A. Soto-Robles , A. Castro-Beltran , A.R. Vilchis-Nestor , A.
4 1
Olivas-Sarabia , P.A. Luque
1 2
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexico, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mexico,
3 4
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
México, Mexico

This work is a study on the effects of different amounts of Citrus sinensis peel extract used in a
low cost, non-toxic, green synthesis of tin dioxide nanoparticles. Different concentrations of
dried Citrus sinensis peel extracts were used; obtained with 1 %, 2 % and 4 % (weight-volume)
of the peels in a hot water bath. For the SnO2 nanoparticle synthesis process, 2 g of tin chloride
are added as a tin precursor in 42 ml of the different extracts and left to stir until completely
dissolved. The generated nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques. Fourier-
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), presenting the Sn-O-Sn bond. X-Ray Diffraction
(XRD), where crystalline growth in a purely tetragonal crystal structure was observed. High-
Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), where each sample presented its own
size and shape homogeneity, depending on the extract used. Lastly, Ultra Violet-to-Visible
Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), where a band gap of around 3.3 eV was observed. Of the generated
nanoparticles, the sample with 4 % peel extract presented a UV-light photocatalytic degradation
rate of methylene blue of around 95.5 % at 120 minutes. The obtained results are better than
commercially bought bulk SnO2 nanoparticles. This is a simple, non-toxic polycrystalline SnO2
nanoparticle synthesis method.

Keywords: Citrus sinensis, green synthesis, tin oxide, methylene blue

 [P1.018]
Effect of Cr ion implantation on surface morphology, lattice deformation, nano-
mechanical and fatigue behavior of TC18 titanium alloy
D.B. Wei, F.K. Li*, P.Z. Zhang, S.Q. Li, F. Ding, H.X. Liang, S.Y. Wang, Z.J. Yao
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China

TC18 alloy is increasingly applied to manufacture aircraft undercarriage due to its excellent
comprehensive performance. The surface state of TC18 alloy is an important factor affecting its
anti-fatigue property, which is critical to aircraft undercarriage.
16 2
In this paper, the effect of 1.2~9.5×10 ions/cm doses chromium implantation on the surface
morphology, lattice deformation, residual stress, and nano-mechanical behavior was studied by
SEM, AFM, XRD and nanoindentor. In addition, a fatigue test was prepared to assess the
fatigue behavior of TC18 alloy after chromium implantation under cyclic stress of 500–600 MPa,
R of 0.1, and 20 Hz.

Results show that chromium implantation decreased TC18 alloy’s surface roughness. The
substrate’s surface roughness was 114.61 nm. It was reduced to minimum 36.74 nm with
16 2
5.5×10 ions/cm dose implantation. However, with increasing of dose, surface roughness rose
16 2
gradually. When dose increased to 9.5×10 ions/cm , surface roughness resumed to 105.11
nm. Surface morphology analysis indicated ion bombardment intensity was the main factor
affecting surface roughness.

Cr implantation caused obvious lattice deformation of TC18 alloy. Lattice parameters of TC18
alloy increased with increasing of ion implantation dose, which led to the increase of residual
compressive stress. However, the dislocation density gradually decreased in the process.

The nanoindentation load-displacement curve of TC18 alloy under 5 mN, 10 mN, and 15 mN
loads indicated its surface plastic deformation resistance was significantly improved after Cr
implantation. And its nano-hardness and elastic modulus also showed a significant rise under
all test conditions. The S-N curve showed that fatigue life of TC18 alloy was improved after
16 2
3.6×10 ions/cm Cr ion implantation. The calculating fatigue strength increased from 407MPa
to 413MPa. It indicated Cr ion implantation was beneficial to improve the anti-fatigue property of
TC18 titanium alloy.

Keywords: Surface strengthening, Ion implantation, Nanoindentation behavior, Anti-fatigue

surface treatment
 [P1.019]
Constructing self-supplying Al2O3-Y2O3/Al-Y coating for γ-TiAl alloy with enhanced
oxidation protective ability
H. Lin*, W.P. Liang, Q. Miao, Z. Ding, J.W. Yi, Y. Qi
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China

It is generally accepted that the coating is failed due to the appearance of the cracks which
are caused by the accumulation of thermal stress, through which oxygen will severely destroy
the substrate at high temperature environments. Therefore, the coating materials with self-
supplying ability should greatly improve their service stability. Here Al2O3-Y2O3/Al-Y coating was
designed and prepared by magnetron sputtering on γ-TiAl alloy. Results show that the coating
is compact and crack-free, and has a good adhesion with substrate. Moreover, it efficiently
protects γ-TiAl alloy from oxidation for 100 h with a mass gain of 0.34% compared to uncoated
sample with a mass loss of 1.51% for 60 h at 950 °C. The improvement of oxidation protective
performance primarily owes to three reasons: 1) the element of Y mainly existed in the form of
Y2O3, which preferentially oxidizes Al to form α-Al2O3. 2) Al-Y layer, as the intermediate layer,
can supply the element consumption of the ceramic layer caused by oxidation. 3) As an active
intermetallic element with Ti, Al suppressed the outward of Ti effectively due to the formation of
Ti–Al intermetallics.

Keywords: self-supplying, Al2O3-Y2O3/Al-Y coating, oxidation, γ-TiAl alloy

 [P1.020]
The fabrication and characterization of Ag/Fe nano-dot arrays
1 2 3 4 4 2 1
D. Marko , W.C. Chuang , J.C. Wu , B. Alkadour , J. van Lierop , K.W. Lin* , D. Schmool
1 2 3
University of Versailles, France, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, National
4
Chunghua University of Education, Taiwan, University of Manitoba, Canada

Nano-structured metal-magnet composite materials have been widely studied in order to

enhance magneto-optical effects, a research activity known as magneto-plasmonics [1]. In this
study, the influence of optical excitations on the ferromagnetic resonance and the converse
effect of magnetic excitations on the plasmonic resonance were investigated. Bilayer Ag(30
nm)/Fe(50 nm) thin films were prepared on amorphous SiO2 substrates by using a dual ion-
beam sputtering deposition technique [2]. Ag/Fe nano-dot arrays (diameter = 180 nm, center-to-
center distance = 400 nm) were fabricated by using electron beam lithography and followed by
Ar-ion etching techniques [3]. Continuous Ag/Fe thin films exhibit smooth surfaces with an
average roughness of Ra = 0.9 nm, as measured by AFM and consist of polycrystalline f.c.c.
Ag and b.c.c. Fe (grain sizes ranged from 10 to 15 nm), as characterized by TEM. This
reference Ag/Fe thin film exhibits soft magnetic properties with a coercivity of Hc = 20 Oe, as
measured by VSM. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) [4] data of the reference Ag/Fe thin film
shows the typical symmetric behavior for a magnetic thin film. However, the FMR spectra
obtained from nano-dot arrays of Ag/Fe show significant modification with respect to those of
the reference continuous bilayer. Whereas the high frequency mode appears to be similar to
that of the continuous film, indicating the resonance mode to be an interface mode, there are at
least two additional low frequency resonances imply the presence of dot array modes.

Research was supported by MOST of Taiwan, NSERC of Canada, and ANR of France.

[1] R. Sachan et al., Nanotechnology 23, 275604 (2012).

[2] R. D. Desautels et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 172410 (2016).

[3] N. Ou et al., IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 4027 (2009).

[4] F. J. T Goncalves et al., AIP Advances 5, 067101 (2015).

Keywords: magnetic nano-dot arrays, thin films

 [P1.021]
In-situ photo-induced change of the amorphous thin chalcogenide films structure
studied by EXAFS method
1 1 1 2 2 1
B. Miljevic , D.D. Štrbac , K. Cajko , J. Göttlicher , T. Baumbach , D.M. Petrovic , S.R. Lukic-
1
Petrovic*
1 2
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Serbia, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,
Germany

The chalcogenide thin film systems, especially those containing Ag and Cu, exhibit photo-
induced structural changes. In the most of chalcogenide systems with copper, these changes
visually emerge as photo-darkening effect. In many cases these structural changes can be
erased by annealing. After the annealing, films are usually formed by new structural units
(compared to those of the as-deposited films) .The thermal treatment of thin films is usually
used to study the reversibility of photo-induced structural changes. The aim of this study was to
investigate how the structure, and thus the properties, of amorphous thin metal-chalcogenide
films changes by photo-darkening and by annealing process.

A series of amorphous thin Cu-As-Se-I films were measured by the extended X-ray absorption
fine structure (EXAFS) method, using a synchrotron radiation (ANKA Synchrotron Light Source,
KIT, Germany) at the energies of Cu K-edge, As K-edge and Se K-edge. In-situ light induced
structural changes were made using the laser (635nm, 5mW). The annealing treatment was
done after the illumination.

The main peak in the EXAFS results of the bond length measured on both As K and Se K
absorption edge has the position between 2.072Å and 2.118Å and it could be a bond distance
between As-Se atoms. Another characteristic peaks which occur unchanged in position but with
different intensity depending on the sample state (as deposited, laser treated, annealed) are at
1.15Å and 1.54Å. This could be seen at the figure which shows an example result. The intensity
of these peaks decreases by laser illumination and recovers after the annealing process. This
indicates the reversibility of the local structure formation in consequent photo-darkening and
annealing, so-called “erasing”, treatment.

The authors would like to acknowledge the beam-time at the ANKA Synchrotron Light Source
and to thank Dr. Ralph Steininger for assistance in using SUL-X beamline.

Keywords: chalcogenides, thin films, photo-darkening, EXAFS

 [P1.022]
Determination atomic percentage of metal in chalcogenide Ag-As2Ch3 thin layers by
rutherford backscattering spectrometry and energy dispersive spectroscopy
1 1 1 2 2
K. Cajko , S.R. Lukic-Petrovic* , N. Celic , P. Noga , D. Vana
1 2
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Serbia, Slovak University of Technology in
Bratislava, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovakia

Silver content in the thin layers from the chalcogenide Ag–As2Ch3 system has been
investigated using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and Energy Dispersive
Spectroscopy (EDS). RBS is an useful and precise quantitative technique for elemental surface
analysis and concentration depth profiling of thin layers, as gives information on content, depth
and thickness of layers and absolute concentration of elements in the film without the need for
standards. RBS analysis was performed on Agx(As40S30Se30)100-x thin films with the
concentrations x<5 at.% Ag. EDS measurements obtained by processing the recorded SEM
images enabled performance of quantitative analysis of the samples. Amorphous films were
prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique from previously synthesized bulk samples.
RBS and SEM were done using a 6 MV Tandetron accelerator system supplied by High Voltage
Engineering Europa at the ATRI MTF STU ion beam laboratory and JEOL JSM-6460 LV
microscope with appropriate attachment for EDS analysis, respectively.

The thickness was evaluated using SIMNRA software [1]. It was found that layer
thicknesses vary from sample to sample being in the range 2.2–4.2µm. Results showed that in
all layers the constituent elements are distributed homogeneously. Measured concentrations of
Ag atoms are found to be higher than the expected. However the difference in concentrations
between the bulk target and thin films is not unusual in complex chalcogenide systems prepared
by PLD technique. In the literature it was shown that this difference goes up to several at%,
probably as a consequence of splashing effect [2]. Both RBS and EDS analyses confirmed the
concentration ratios of As:S:Se to be 40:30:30 without significant deviations.

[1] M. Mayer, SIMNRA User's Guide, Report IPP 9/113, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik,
Garching, Germany, 1997.

[2] I.P. Studenyak, M.M. Kutsyk, M.Yu. Buchuk, Y.Y. Rati, Yu.Yu. Neimet, V.Yu. Izai, S.
Kökényesi, P. Nemec, Opt.Mater. 52(2016)224–229.

Keywords: chalcogenides, thin films, RBS, EDS

 [P1.023]
Characterisation of plasma spray parameters to optimise the properties of abrasion
coating used in axial flow compressors of aero-engines to maintain blade tip clearance
1 2 2
P. Mallick* , B. Swain , A. Behera
1
1Thermal Spray Division, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Koraput- 763002, India,
2
2Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela-769008, India

The abrasion behaviour of plasma coated powder on Titanium base consisting of

Aluminium 80% and hexagonal boron nitride 20% is studied for it’s application at high
temperature (500°C-800°C) to maintain blade tip clearance in aero-engine compressor casing.
Abradable coatings reduce blade tip clearance in an axial flow compressor (used in all aero
engines) and thereby increase operating efficiency. Macro-hardness of coating along with
adhesive strength, porosity, surface roughness, fracture toughness, corrosion and oxidation
resistance properties is taken as the criteria for for measuring the abrasion behaviour of the
coating by atmospheric plasma coating process. Also splat development and it’s effect on these
criterias has been studied. Variation in coating properties are studied by varying the primary
plasma forming gas (Ar2 from 10-40 NLPM (normal litre per minute)), secondary plasma
forming gas (H2 from 4-12 NLPM), electrical power (from 38-50 Kilowatt) and plasma spray
distance (from 100 mm to 140mm). Also we have varied the cooling effectiveness by varying
the cooling air pressure from 2 kg per square centimetre to 6 kg per square centimetre. Surface
and interface morphology study has been carried out using SEM and EDS. It is found that with
increasing power level and secondary gas level, the hardness increases with decrease in
abradability. The Porosity has been measured with the variation of hardness and spray
distance. Corrosion and oxidation resistance also increases with Hardness. It is found that for
Aero-engine blade tip clearance porosity in the range of 10-15% and Hardness of 1.75-2.0mm
impression dia is optimum. Statistical tools like Design of experiment and Regression is used to
come to these conclusions which are validated by experiment. This investigation is a novel
direction towards the thermal Barrier coating and dimension restoration coating used in
advanced materials.

Keywords: Blade tip clearance, Abradable coating, coating hardness & spray distance,
Adhesive strength & porosity
 [P1.024]
The effect of RbF post-deposition treatment on the surface of Cu(In,Ga)Se2
N. Maticiuc*, T. Kodalle, T. Bertram, J. Lauche, R. Wenisch, C.A. Kaufmann, I. Lauermann, R.
Schlatmann
Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Germany

Thin film solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorber play an important role in the field
of thin film photovoltaics reaching lately a record conversion efficiency of 22.9%. The latest
improvements in the performance of these devices were achieved by means of post-deposition
treatments (PDT) with alkali metal compounds, one of which is the rubidium fluoride (RbF). To
understand the nature of the improved performance of the CIGSe solar cells we investigate the
impact of RbF on the properties of absorber’s surface by means of X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy. Both the 2 µm thick CIGSe and the 10 nm thick RbF films were fabricated by
physical vapour deposition (PVD). Alternatively, other CIGSe layers with the same composition
were covered ex-situ with a similarly thin RbF thin film by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The
main findings of our spectroscopic analysis are related to the emergence of RbInSe2 and GaF3
secondary phases on the CIGSe surface. The formation of RbInSe2 phase is suggested by the
additional contributions in both Rb 3d and Se 3d core level spectra that correspond to the same
emissions from the surface of a RbInSe2 reference. Interestingly, the RbInSe2 secondary phase
seems to form only during the PVD RbF-PDT whereas the GaF3 phase is observed after both
PVD and MBE processes. The absence of RbInSe2 after MBE might be connected to the
differences in the deposition temperature and/or the presence of a selenium atmosphere in the
PVD system. The secondary phase of GaF3 is completely removed by the ammonia wash from
the CIGSe surface and has no impact on the CIGSe/CdS interface. On the other hand, RbInSe2
is stable to the etching and most likely influences the device performance. Finally the
connection between the formation of RbInSe2 and the composition of CIGSe absorber is
analysed.

Keywords: Cu(In,Ga)Se2, Alkali treatment, Rubidium fluoride, XPS

 [P1.025]
Electrochemical performance of supercapacitor based on LiAl-LDH-CNT electrode
T. Maturos Daniels*, A. Wisitsoraat, P. Opaprakasit, P. Sreearunothai
1 2
Thammasat University, Thailand, National Electronics and Computer technology Center,
Thailand

In this work, lithium aluminium layered double hydroxide (LiAl-LDH) has been synthesized
and characterized for its potential use as electrodes in energy storage applications. The
electrode was prepared by mixing a hydrothermally synthesized LiAl-LDH with carbon
nanotubes (CNTs), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent,
and casting onto a nickel foam substrate. The effects of the aqueous electrolyte consisting of
LiOH, KOH, NaOH on electrochemical energy storage performances was also studied in a
three-electrode electrochemical system. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) results showed that the
electrode with KOH electrolyte yielded the highest specific capacitance, followed by LiOH and
NaOH, in agreement with their solvated cation sizes in an aqueous electrolyte. Electrochemical
impedance spectroscopic (EIS) measurement showed that electrode with the KOH electrolyte
also possessed the lowest charge transfer resistance followed by that of LiOH and NaOH.
Galvanostatic charge-discharge study of these electrodes conducted at a current density of 0.3
A/g revealed the specific capacitance of the electrode in KOH, NaOH and LiOH to be 952, 625,
-1
and 400 Fg , respectively. The shape as well as the redox peaks observed in the CV
measurements suggest that the high charge storage mechanism in these LiAl-LDH-CNT
composite electrode to be based on faradaic reactions as well as the electrochemical double
layer capacitance. The results indicate that the LiAl-LDH-CNT composite electrode with KOH
electrolyte provides high electrochemical energy storage performances compared with other
alkaline hydroxides.

Keywords: Layered double hydroxide, Electrochemical energy storage

 [P1.026]
Optical and electrical properties of PAN/PANI electrospun composite nanofibers
W. Matysiak*, P. Jarka, T. Tański
Silesian University of Technology, Poland

The aim of the research was to create thin, nanofibrous composite mats with a poliacrylonitryle
(PAN) matrix, with the reinforcing phase in the form of three type of polyaniline (PANI)
nanoparticles. The PANI nanoparticles were produced using author's method whitch showed in
the manuscript. The morphology and structure of the manufactured polyaniline nanoparticles
was tested using scaninng electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier-transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR). Then, with the electrospinning method with 10% (weight) solution of PAN
in ethanol and 10% solution of PAN/EtOH containing produced nanoparticles equivalent to 1
and 3% of the mass concentration relative to the polymer matrix, polymer PAN nanofibres and
PAN/PANI composite nanofibres were produced. The morphology and chemical composition of
the produced polymer and composite nanofibres were tested using a scanning electron
microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The analysis of the impact of
the reinforcing phase on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation was based on UV-Vis
spectra, based on which the rated values of band gaps of the produced thin fibrous mats were
assessed. The analysis of optical and electrical properties of obtained thin fibrous mats were
carried out using the modified Swanepoel method and the recorded absorbance spectra
allowed to determine the banded refractive index n, real n′ and imaginary k part of the refractive
index as a function of the wavelength, complex dielectric permeability ε, and real and imaginary
part εr and εi of the dielectric permeability as a function of the radiation energy of the produced
nanofibers.

Keywords: Nanofibers, PAN/PANI composites, Electrospinning, Optical properties

 [P1.027]
Synthesis of novel type hybrid SnO2/Bi2O3 1D nanostructures - investigation of
morphology, structures, optical and electrical properties
W. Matysiak*, T. Tański, W. Smok
Silesian University of Technology, Poland

The aim of the study was to prepare composite SnO2/Bi2O3 nanowires via the
electrospinning and calcination processes from a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/dimetylformamide
(DMF)/tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate (SnCl4·5H2O)/bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate
(Bi(NO3)3·5H2O) solution. The obtained in electrospinning method composite PAN/SnO2/Bi2O3
nanofibers were calcined in air in order to remove polymer matrix at temperatures ranging from
600 to 900 °C for 5 h.

The morphology, structure and chemical composition of as obtained PAN/SnO2/Bi2O3

nanofibers and SnO2/Bi2O3 nanowires were examined using the transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDX). To
determine the effect of calcination of PAN/SnO2/Bi2O3 nanofibers on topography and roughness
of SnO2/Bi2O3 nanowires atomic force microscope (AFM) was used. To show a polymer matrix
mass loss in a function of temperature in order to obtain pure SnO2/Bi2O3 nanowires, a
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out. The optical property analysis was performed
on the basis of UV–Vis spectra of absorbance as a function of the wavelength, based on which
the rated values of band gaps of the fabricated 1D nanostructures. In addition, the recorded
absorbance spectra allowed to determine the banded refractive index n, real n′ and imaginary k
part of the refractive index as a function of the wavelength, complex dielectric permeability ε,
and real and imaginary part εr and εi of the dielectric permeability as a function of the radiation
energy of the obtained one-dimensional nanostructures.

Keywords: Electrospinning, Bismuth oxide, Tin oxide, Nanostructure

 [P1.028]
Atomistic simulation of pico- nanosecond laser ablation of Al target in a vacuum
1,2 1,2 1,2 1 1,2
V.I. Mazhukin* , A.V. Mazhukin , A.V. Shapranov , M.M. Demin , O.N. Koroleva
1 2
Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of RAS, Russia, National Research Nuclear
University MEPhI, Russia

Investigation of the basic mechanisms and their role in the removal of the irradiated material
was based on a hybrid continuum - atomistic model including kinetics of both heterogeneous
and homogeneous phase transformations in metal (Al) film under unsteady pico - nanosecond
laser irradiation. The temporary shape of the laser pulse was set as a Gaussian curve. The
results of molecular dynamics simulations have shown that the mechanisms of material removal
by ps- pulse and ns- differ qualitatively. In the ps range main mechanism is a mechanical
spalling in the unloading wave, while in the ns - are the main explosive boiling and spinodal
decomposition. At high intensity values in both exposure modes is implemented mechanism of
supercritical expansion. Was find out strong relationship between heterogeneous and
homogenous phase transitions. Accounting for the effects of nonstationarity of laser exposure
showed the presence of several ablation mechanisms pass into each other during a single
pulse.

Keywords: laser ablation, mathematical modeling, phase transformations, mass removal

 [P1.029]
Degradation of toxic chemicals by the reactive membrane filter
S.Y. Moon*
Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Republic of Korea

A Mixed-Matrix-Film Reactor (MMFR) is fabricated by phase inversion of a polysulfone mixture

solution containing zirconium based MOFs (Zr-MOFs) as an active catalyst for detoxification of
toxic chemicals. Zr-MOFs particles are well dispersed in an asymmetric polymer matrix and Zr-
MOFs incorporated MMFR can catalytically detoxify a nerve agent simulant under continuous
flow.

Keywords: hydrolysis, membrane reactor, toxic chemicals, detoxification

 [P1.030]
Surface plasma treatment of composite TiO2/PVP fibers in different atmospheres
1 1 2 2 3 1 1
E. Mudra* , I. Shepa , D. Pavlinak , M. Stupavska , V. Antal , M. Vojtko , J. Dusza
1 2
Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Slovakia, Masaryk University, Czech Republic,
3
Institute of Experimental Physics of SAS, Slovakia

In this paper, the needle-less electrospinning technology was used for preparation of polymer
TiO2/PVP microfiber mats. The electrospun fibers were subsequently treated by low-
temperature plasma induced surface sintering process by a special dielectric barrier discharge
so called, Diffuse Coplanar Surface Barrier Discharge (DCSBD). Plasma treatment of the
prepared samples was realized in three different by nature atmospheres: oxidative – air,
reductive – H2 and inert – N2 atmosphere. The distance between samples and the surface of the
ceramic electrode plate was 0.3 mm, exposure times were 10, 30 and 60 min at the input power
of 400 W. Impact of the plasma treatment in different atmospheres on the morphology and
chemical composition of the TiO2/PVP microfiber mats were studied. This type of treatment led
to the formation of flexible composite TiO2/PVP core/shell fibers. For evaluation of polymer
decomposition process and ceramics formation – DSC/TG, Raman spectroscopy and FTIR
analysis were used. For the characterisation of the morphology and chemical composition of the
fiber surfaces XPS and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM/FIB ZEISS AURIGA Compact)
coupled with EDX analysis were applied. It was found that thin ceramic layer was formed on the
surface of the fibers, thickness of which depends directly on the exposure time. The main aim of
this work is to compare the impact of plasma treatment in the atmosphere with different
chemical nature on the same composite system.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This work was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science,
Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences, project
VEGA 2/0099/18, Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV-15-
0469 and the project LO1411 (NPU I) funded by Ministry of Education Youth and Sports of
Czech Republic.

Keywords: Fibers, plasma DCSBD treatment, electrospinning, core/shell structure

 [P1.031]
Platinum free counter-electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells made of food-waste derived
carbon on cobalt sulfide
B. Baptayev, D. Mustazheb*, D. Kalpakov, M. Balanay
Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan
The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are relatively new and very promising type of solar cells.
Platinum based catalysts are widely used as the standard counter electrode (CE) for DSSCs.
However, the high cost of platinum sets limitations on the possibility of large-scale commercial
production of DSSCs. In this study, novel Pt-free material for CE is presented. Carrot-derived
carbon embedded cobalt sulfide nanoflakes were synthesized by solvothermal method. CEs
were prepared from this material by doctor blading technique. The DSSCs assembled from new
CEs showed power conversion efficiencies comparable to Pt-based reference cells. The results
show good photovoltaic performance of presented material, which could decrease the overall
cost of DSSC fabrication without hurting the efficiency, thereby decreasing the cost/efficiency
ratio and energy payback time of DSSC and making it more suitable for commercial use.
 [P1.032]
Work function and electronic structure measurements on nitrogen-doped lanthanum
hexaboride (LaB6) thin film by STM
K. Nagaoka*, S. Ohmi
1 2
National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

[Introduction]

Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) is one of the most widely used low work function materials.
However, for realizing the lowest work function of 2.3 eV, the single crystalline bulk material
had been persuaded to be absolutely necessary for preventing surface degradation by
oxidation. But, recently, a LaB6 thin film exhibiting the low work function has been developed
with radio frequency (RF) sputtering deposition using a nitrogen-doped (N-doped) LaB6 target.
However, fundamental properties of the film, such as crystallinity, local electronic structures and
chemical stability, are still unknown.

[Methods]

We have performed the work function and electronic structure measurements on the N-doped
LaB6 thin film formed on SiO2 by STM. All the measurements were performed at 77 K after
annealing at 500 ℃ under UHV conditions.

[Results]

The surface roughness was estimated to be ~ 0.5 nm over whole area, and the average grain
size was approximately 3 nm. The work function and electronic structure on the N-doped LaB6
thin film have been derived through I-z and dI/dV characteristics, respectively. We found that,
even after air exposure, the work function of 2.35 eV was revived in most areas by annealing at
500℃ under UHV conditions. Furthermore, the characteristic features obtained in the dI/dV
spectrum are consistent with the previous photoemission data and the theoretical calculation
conducted on the clean pristine LaB6.

[Discussion]

Our results demonstrate that the film revives low work function condition with relatively low-
temperature annealing even after air exposure. We anticipate that this film has a potential to
realize various high performance electron devices exhibiting high efficiency electron emissions.
Also, it can improve the injection efficiency of electron-injection layer used for various organic
devices, and reduce contact resistance of source/drain contact in organic FETs.

Keywords: low work function, RF sputtering deposition, LaB6, STM

 [P1.033]
Green synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticle using natural peel extract
1 1 1 2 2 3 1
O. Nava* , C.A. Soto , E. Leon , H.E. Garrafa , A. Castro , A.R. Vilchis , P.A. Luque
1 2
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexico, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mexico,
3
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico

In this work, different amounts of Lycopersicon esculentum peel extract were used in the low
cost, non-toxic green synthesis of tin dioxide nanoparticles. Different concentrations of
Lycopersicon esculentum peel extracts were used; obtained with 1 %, 2 % and 4 % (weight-
volume) of the dried peels in an aqueous medium. For the synthesis process of SnO2
nanoparticles, 2 g of tin chloride (SnCl2 • 2H2O) are added as a tin precursor in 42 ml of the
different Lycopersicon esculentum extracts and left to stir until completely dissolved. The
morphological study of the samples showed that for all the materials a predominantly spherical
morphology was obtained, with some agglomerates. The interplanar distance was also
obtained, which was of 0.18 nm that corresponds to the (211) plane of the SnO2 rutile phase.
The main effect observed was the decrease in the size of the NPs as the percentage of extract
was increased in the biosynthesis of the SnO2 nanoparticles. The variation of the band gap
values (3.1-3.35 eV) is directly associated with the decrease in the size of the nanoparticles due
to the effect of quantum confinement. It can also be attributed to the presence of the extract in
the samples, which affects the interactions of the electrons between the valence and the
conduction bands. The sample with the highest photocatalytic performance is the sample with
4% extract, due to the large amount of methylene blue molecules absorbed, and also because it
has the smallest average size.

Keywords: Green synthesis, Lycopersicon esculentum, tin oxide, methylene blue

 [P1.034]
Band-gap modulation of 2D semiconductors for photoelectrochemical biosensing
E. Nguyen*, S. Cinti, A. Merkoçi
ICN2, Spain

Given the ever-growing demand for new and advanced techniques in biosensing and
bioanalytics, the incorporation of photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology for such analysis has
risen in popularity and is becoming a rapidly developing field. Several advantages of PEC
biosensing platforms include simple operation, cost effective instrumentation requirements,
wide calibration ranges, and the potential for miniaturisation and, due to the separation and
different energy forms employed, have shown to possess impressive sensitivities with reduced
background signals over conventional electrochemical methods. One of the most crucial
elements of any PEC platform is the selection of the photoactive material and its photoelectric
transformation efficiency. In recent years, semiconducting nanomaterials have become one of
the most widely used photoactive materials in PEC platforms as the states of the valence and
conduction bands, and subsequently the band gap, can be easily modulated and tailored for
specific applications. In this work, by coupling a graphene analogue with a transitional metal
dichalcogenide, we examine the effects of functionalisation to the electronic structure and also
highlight the importance of band-gap modulation for PEC biosensing.

Keywords: biosensing and bioanalysis, 2D semiconductors, photoelectrochemical

 [P1.035]
Quantum oscillations in topological insulator Bi0.83Sb0.17 nanowires
1 1 2 3
L. Konopko , A. Nikolaeva* , T. Huber , K. Rogacki
1 2
Ghitu Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies, Republic of Moldova, Howard
3
University, USA, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Poland

We report the observation of quantum oscillations of magnetoresistance arising from the

surface states in topological insulator Bi0.83Sb0.17 nanowires. Single-crystal nanowire samples
with diameters ranging from 75 nm to 1.1 µm are prepared by high-frequency liquid phase
casting in a glass capillary. Bi0.83Sb0.17 is a narrow-gap semiconductor with an energy gap at the
L point of the Brillouin zone, ∆E = 21 meV.

We study the magnetoresistance (MR) of Bi0.83Sb0.17 nanowires at various magnetic field

orientations. Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH ) oscillations are observed in nanowires with diameter d
= 200 nm at T = 1.5 K and 3 K; this fact indicates the existence of high-mobility (µS ≈ 30000
2 −1 −1
cm V s ) two-dimensional (2D) carriers in the surface areas of the nanowires, which are
nearly perpendicular to the C3 axis. In thin nanowires (d ≤ 100 nm) at low temperatures (1.5 K ≤
T < 5 K), we discovered the Aharonov–Bohm (AB) oscillations of longitudinal MR with two
periods, namely one flux quantum, Φ0 and half of flux quantum, Φ0/2, (∆B1 =Φ0/S, ∆B2 =Φ0/2S,
where S is the cross-sectional area of the nanowire).

The periods ∆B of AB oscillations depend on slope α of the magnetic field direction according to
o
the law ∆B=∆Bparallel/cosα. This law is preserved up to angles of about 60 . The nonmonotonic
changes of magnetoresistance, which are equidistant in a direct magnetic field, were observed
in transverse magnetic fields under conditions where the magnetic flux through the cylinder Φ =
0. Possible causes of this behaviour by analogy with thin bismuth nanowires are discussed.

This work was supported by the IIEN 15.817.02.09A, the NSF through STC CIQM 1231319, the
Boeing Company and the Keck Foundation.

Keywords: Surface states, Topological insulator, Aharonov–Bohm oscillations, Bi-Sb

 [P1.036]
The effect of interaction of ZnO-SnO2 nanoparticles with glass surface on their structure,
orientation, and properties
N. Nikonorov*, S. Evstropiev, K. Oreshkina, L. Lesnykh et al
ITMO University, Russia

The aim of this work is a study of the influence of the interaction of ZnO-SnO2 nanoparticles
with the glass surface on their crystal structure and optical properties.

Methods.

The ZnO-SnO2 materials were prepared by a polymer-salt method providing the close contact
of the coatings precursors with a glass surface during the nucleation and initial stages of the
growth of forming oxide crystals. The solutions containing Zn(NO3)2, SnCl2 and
polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as the precursors. After drying, the samples were calcined at
o
550 C. Prepared coatings have the high transparency in visible spectral range, are uniform and
consist of small closely packed nanoparticles fully covering the glass surface. The comparative
study of the crystal structure of thin ZnO-SnO2 films and powders having similar chemical
compositions and obtained at the same technological conditions were performed using SEM,
XRD analysis, optical and luminescent spectroscopy.

Results.

All XRD patterns of single- and multi-layers ZnO and ZnO-SnO2 coatings contained only three
peaks corresponding to ZnO crystals having hexagonal wurtzite structure. The relative
intensities of these peaks change with the amounts of deposited layers and with the chemical
composition of prepared films. The strong orientation of ZnO nanocrystals along (002) plane
was observed in single-layer coatings. The structure and optical properties of the powders and
multi-layers coatings significantly differ from single-layer coatings.

Conclusions

The interaction of ZnO-SnO2 nanoparticles with glass surface plays the important role during
the formation of crystal structure of ZnO-SnO2 coatings. The close contact of coating precursors
with the substrate leads to the bonding of the forming nanocrystals with the substrate surface
and their spatial orientation and namely this close contact is responsible for the texture of
obtained oxide films. The presence of substrate surface determines the formation of highly
oriented oxide crystals.

Keywords: ZnO-SnO2 nanoparticles, crystal orientation, polymer-salt method, surface bonding

 [P1.037]
Investigation of vapor cryodeposited glasses and glass transition of tetrachloromethane
films
1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2
A. Nurmukan* , A. Aldiyarov , A. Drobyshev , D. Sokolov
1 2
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Institute of experimental and theoretical
Physics, Kazakhstan

IR spectrometric studies of the processes of cryoprecipitation and the properties of thin films of
cryovacuum condensates of tetrachloromethane obtained by the method of physical
cryovacuum deposition were carried out. Measurements were carried out in the temperature
–8 –3
range of 16 K - 140 K and gas phase pressures of 10 Torr – 10 Torr. The film thickness was
d = 2.5 µm. The vibrational spectra of CCl4 in the gas phase and in the condensed state were
measured. For tetrachloromethane cryocondensates, it was shown that an increase in the
temperature of the sample condensed at T = 16 K leads to a multidirectional shift of the
absorption band to the "red" or "blue" region of the spectrum. Based on the obtained
dependence of the position of the absorption band on the temperature of the substrate during its
heating, it is assumed that in the temperature range T = 16K - 35K, the amorphous film of the
cryocondensate is in a state of amorphous high density. Using a laser interferometer, the
process of film sublimation was analyzed at a temperature above the sublimation temperature T
= 138 K. The results obtained suggest that the evaporation of the film is accompanied by the
processes of sublimation-recondensation, which, in fact, manifests itself in the interference
nature of the heating curves.

assel.nurmukan@gmail.com

Keywords: tetrachloromethane, cryovacuum condensates, glass transition, thin films

 [P1.038]
Study of polimeric household waste to determine the temperature regimes of cryogenic
processing
D. Sokolov, A. Aldiyarov, A. Nurmukan*, A. Drobyshev
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan

Utilization of human-made wastes is an important problem and finding an efficient range of

solutions with respect to a variety of waste products may have a significant impact on the quality
of life of societies and individuals.

The purpose of this work is elucidation of optimal regimes of cryogenic processing of used
automobile tires and plastic containers from various commercial drinks in the process of their
low-temperature utilization.

This work presents results of the studies of thermophysical properties of these materials. The
experimental samples were obtained from various parts of the tires and constituted of 1) rubber
with a capron cord, 2) rubber with a metallic cord, 3) rubber. The samples from plastic
containers were obtained via oxygen-free melting in a muffle furnace.

The measurements were performed in the temperature range from 95 K up to the room
temperature. The heat conductance measurements were conducted in a setup described in
detail elsewhere [1].

It is well-known that polymeric and rubber materials undergo structural transformations upon
cooling which affects their thermophysical properties [2]. As a result, determination of optimal
cryogenic processing regimes can not be easily predicted based on simple theoretical
calculations.

References

[1] A. Shinbayeva, I. Arkharov, A. Aldiyarov, A. Drobyshev, M. Zhubaniyazova, V. Kurnosov.

Experimental Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of Meat During Freezing. Journal of Low
Temperature Physics. Vol. 187, pp. 172-181, (2017).

[2] O. Sandberg and G. Bäckström, Thermal properties of natural rubber versus temperature
and pressure Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 50, p. 4720, (1979)

Keywords: polimeric, rubber, plastic, cryogenic processing

 [P1.039]
Investigation of vapor cryodeposited glasses and glass transition of tetrachloromethane
films
1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2
A. Nurmukan* , A. Aldiyarov , A. Drobyshev , D. Sokolov
1 2
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Institute of Experimental and Theoretical
Physics, Kazakhstan

IR spectrometric studies of the processes of cryoprecipitation and the properties of thin films of
cryovacuum condensates of tetrachloromethane obtained by the method of physical
cryovacuum deposition were carried out. Measurements were carried out in the temperature
–8 –3
range of 16 K - 140 K and gas phase pressures of 10 Torr – 10 Torr. The film thickness was
d = 2.5 µm. The vibrational spectra of CCl4 in the gas phase and in the condensed state were
measured. For tetrachloromethane cryocondensates, it was shown that an increase in the
temperature of the sample condensed at T = 16 K leads to a multidirectional shift of the
absorption band to the "red" or "blue" region of the spectrum. Based on the obtained
dependence of the position of the absorption band on the temperature of the substrate during its
heating, it is assumed that in the temperature range T = 16K - 35K, the amorphous film of the
cryocondensate is in a state of amorphous high density. Using a laser interferometer, the
process of film sublimation was analyzed at a temperature above the sublimation temperature T
= 138 K. The results obtained suggest that the evaporation of the film is accompanied by the
processes of sublimation-recondensation, which, in fact, manifests itself in the interference
nature of the heating curves.

assel.nurmukan@gmail.com

Keywords: tetrachloromethane, cryovacuum condensates, glass transition, thin films

 [P1.040]
Surface characteristics, Ni ion release, and antibacterial efficacy of anodized NiTi alloy
using HNO3 electrolyte of various concentrations
N. Ohtsu*, Y. Hirano, K. Yamaguchi, K. Yamasaki
Kitami Institute of Technology, Japan

Since Ni is a known non-valve metal, growth of an oxide layer on a NiTi alloy does not
proceed as well as it does in the case of pure Ti. Whereas, our group found that a titanium
oxide layer containing a small amount of Ni can be formed on a NiTi surface through
anodization when using HNO3 as an electrolyte because the anodic oxidation of Ti and release
of Ni occur simultaneously. To develop the application of this interesting treatment, in this study,
surface characteristics of the anodized alloy using HNO3 with different concentrations, including
hydrophilicity, Ni-ion release, and antibacterial efficacy, were investigated.

The NiTi alloy was anodized in HNO3 solution with the concentration ranging from 1 to 1000
mM. Here, a galvanostatic direct current was applied for 60 min at a constant value of 50
-2
mA·cm .

Anodization in HNO3 resulted in the formation of a TiO2 layer with pores. The layer thickness
and pore sizes varied with the concentration of HNO3 (Fig. 1). The TiO2 layer served as a 16
(a)
16
(b)

corrosion protection barrier; however, simultaneous pore generation promoted the release of Ni

Number of S.aureus after incubated for 4 h

14 14

Number of E.Coli after incubated for 4 h

12 12
from the surface of the alloy. The NiTi surface anodized with 100 mM showed the highest

(× 105 CFU/ mL)

(× 105 CFU/ mL)

10 10

thickness as well as the lowest release rate; however, the rate was twice that of an untreated 8 8

surface. The hydrophilicity of the NiTi surface was dramatically enhanced through anodization 6 6

due to the formation of a TiO2 laye. Ni ion release is not beneficial in terms of the associated 4 4

2 2
allergenic reaction and cytotoxicity, but is advantageous for preventing infectious diseases 0
below 0.004
0
below 0.004

s s a t M M M s s a t M M M
owing to the antibacterial efficacies of Ni. Actually, the antibacterial efficacies of NiTi alloy G la U n t r e 1 0 m 1 0 0 m 0 0 0 m
Spcimens
1
G la U n t r e 1 0 m 1 0 0 m 0 0 0 m
Specimens
1

against E. coli and S. aureus were enhanced by anodization in HNO3, owing to the enhanced Ni
ionFig.
release (Fig.
1 SEM 2). of the NiTi surfaces
images
Fig. 2 Antibacterial efficacy of anodized NiTi surfaces,
an untreated NiTi surface, and a glass plate as a
anodized in HNO3 electrolyte: (a) 10 mM, (b)
Keywords: control. Here, E. effect
coli and S. aureus were used as
100 mM, (c) NiTi alloy,
300 mM, andAnodization,
(d) 1000 mM. Hydrophilicity,gram-negative
Antibacterial
and gram-positive model organisms,
 [P1.041]
Development of TiOx-based thin films for glucose detection
J. Olarte Villamizar*, M. Zapata Torres
Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicadas y Tecnología Avanzada (CICATA)-Instituto
Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico

In the present work a composite material based on TiO2 was developed to obtain a biosensor of
non-enzymatic type for the detection of glucose, it was manufactured with a TiOx thin film, which
was synthesized by the RF reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The morphology of the
electrode was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the thickness of the TiOx thin
film was 691.6 nm. The UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy was employed to determine the band
gap energy. The electrochemical properties of the electrode prepared to oxidize glucose were
investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CVs) and chronoamperometry. By the technique of cyclic
voltammetry (CVs) the voltage of -0.54V was obtained and with chronoamperometry the
-2 -1
sensitivity of the composite material was 1.7454 µA * cm * mM , with a range linear from 20-
250 mg / dL and a detection limit of 1.1 mM. Moreover the Ti/TiOx electrode exhibits excellent
selectivity from interferering species such as Hysteine (His), cysteine (Cys), uric acid (UA),
acetaminophen (AC) and sucrose.

1. Introduction

TiOx, is a semiconductor that is obtained from the recombination of three materials such as
TiO2, Ti2O3 and TiO, exhibits excellent integral properties, which include a high refractive index,
high permittivity, good biocompatibility, low resistivity and long-term stability against the photo
corrosion and chemical corrosion. In this work, thin films were made from the Ti targets to
obtain the TiOx, grown by the RF-Sputtering technique, where the great capacity of TiO2 was
used to interact with the analyte in the oxide-reduction process and thus obtain TiO2 composite
materials that serve in the development of non-enzymatic third-generation biosensors.

2. Methods

2.1 Substrate materials: The substrate material used for the present work were titanium and
2
glass. The size of the coated specimens was 2x2 cm .

2.2 Synthesis of TiOx of coating: The TiOx coatings were deposited through RF sputtering
technique using a target of Ti.

2.3 Optical measurements: This measurements of specular reflectance and transmittance

were carried out to investigate the UV absorption characteristics of the TiOx coating, which was
used to determine the band gad of the semiconductor.

2.4 Electrochemical testing: Electrochemical measurements were used to explore the

photocatalytic behavior of TiOx surface and without UV exposure. A standard three electrodes
flat electrochemical cell set up was used for the measurement: the reference electrode used
was silver-silver chloride (Ag-AgCl), the counter electrode was platinum, the working electrode
was the coatings of TiOx and the electrolyte used was a pH 7 phosphate solution (PBS) with
different concentrations of glucose (20-250mg / dL).

3. Analysis and results

From the electrochemical characterization of the TiOx film, it presents a response for each
glucose concentration (20-250 mg / dL), as shown in Figure 1 (a), where it is observed, that
there are variations in the current levels for the thin film of TiOx, this is due to the oxidation
process generated by the interaction between analyte with and TiOx sample. In order to obtain
the linearity of the TiOx sample, it was necessary to adjust the correct potential where the
glucose oxidation process occurs and where its maximum intensity is shown with response to
each of the different concentrations of glucose that were used. Figure 1 (b), shows an
approximation of Figure 1 (a) obtained, to more accurately observe the oxidation potential of
glucose for the TiOx sample and the growth pattern is illustrated in more detail for the levels of
current as for the different concentrations of glucose, this makes them related in a linear way.
Figure 1 (b), it is observed that the potential is in the -0.54 V zone.

(a) (b)

Figure 1. Cyclic voltammetry measurements, (a) Response of the TiOx film with respect to the
different concentrations of glucose. (b) Oxidation potential of glucose in the TiOx sample.

3.1 Chronoamperometry: To obtain the ranges in which the composite material is linear, it was
necessary to work with the potential found in Figure 1 (b). Figure 2 (a), the calibration curve for
the amperometric response is shown, which presents a relationship between the current and
the variations in glucose concentration. To represent each point in the different graphs it was
necessary to perform 4 measurements per glucose concentration, in order to verify the validity
of the data in the sample, it was also necessary to make a delta between the current variation
the end point and an initial point, this was done with the objective of eliminate the faradic or
parasitic currents presented in each measurement.

3.1.1 Sensitivity: Figure 2 (a), exhibits a linearity range for glucose detection of 20-250 mg /
-2 -1
dL, the sensitivity of the TiOx electrode was 1.7454 µA * cm * mM , it was calculated through
the slope of the calibration curve, taking as reference the area of the electrode with a value of
2
0.196 cm , this electrode has a limit of detection of 1.1mM.
(a) (b)

Figure 2. Chronoamperometry, (a) Calibration curve for the amperiometric response of the TiOx
thin film. (b) Current-time curve of TiOx/Ti with successive additions of 1 mM glucose, 5 mM, 0.1
mM His, 0.1 mM Cys, 0.1 mM UA , 0.1 mM AC, 0.1 mM sucrose and 10 mM glucose in 15 ml
PBS solution at an applied potential of -0.54 V.

3.1.2 Selectivity: Hysteine (His), cysteine (Cys), uric acid (UA), acetaminophen (AC), ascorbic
acid (AA), dopamine, ethanol, fructose and sucrose were the commonly interfering
biomolecules which coexist with glucose in the human blood. To evaluate the selectivity of the
TiOx/Ti electrode, the current responses to His, Cys, UA, AC and sucrose were examined. As
shown in Figure 2 (b), demonstrates the current response of glucose (1 mM), glucose (5 mM) in
the presence of His (0.1 mM), Cys (0.1 mM), UA (0.1 mM), AC (0.1 mM),sucrose (0.1 mM), and
glucose (10 mM) in 15 ml PBS solution at an applied potential of -0.54 V. The response current
increased after addition of glucose and no changed after the addition of His, Cys and UA
respectively, while the current increased by the addition of AC and sucrose shows a slight
response, it was too small and could be neglected compared with the glucose response, which
indicated that the TiOx/Ti non-enzymatic biosensor has a good selectivity and can be used for
the detection of glucose without any effect caused by possible interferents.

Keywords: Biosensor, Non-enzymatic, RF-Sputtering, Electrochemical

 [P1.042]
Influence of albumin interaction on corrosion resistance of open cell iron foams with
polyethylene Imine coating
1 1 1 2 2
A. Orinak* , R. Orinakova , R. Gorejova , M. Kupkova , M. Hrubovcakova
1 2
P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia

Degradable metallic materials provide high advancements in regenerative medicine as

compared to permanent materials. Biodegradable orthopaedic implants must possess adequate
mechanical strength to support the bone during the healing process, but the elasticity modulus
should be close to that of the bone to avoid stress shielding. Network-like metal foams including
open-cell iron foams have been identified as the best candidates for degradable orthopaedic
implants due to their strength and good mechanical properties that can be tuned in different
ways. However, the main drawback of iron biomaterials is the rather low degradation rate. The
application of biodegradable polymer coatings on iron foams such as polyethylene glycol (PEG)
and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) represents a new concept to increase the degradation
rate. The behaviour of these materials in the body fluid environment is affected by the
mechanism of their degradation, which depends on several parameters. Adsorption of proteins
on the metal surface and its subsequent detachment can affect these mechanisms and induce
health complications.

The objective of this work is to study the effect of the albumin interaction on corrosion
resistance of open cell iron foams with polyethylene imine (PEI) coating. More pronounced
changes in open-circuit potential (Fig. 1) and linear polarization resistance in the presence of
albumin were registered for uncoated iron material as compared to coated samples.

Fig. 1. OCP vs time curves of iron-based open cell foams exposed to Hank´s solution without
and with bovine serum albumin (BSA).

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (project APVV-16-
0029) and Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of
the Slovak Republic (project VEGA 1/0074/17).

Keywords: Degradable biomaterials, open cell foams, iron, albumin

 [P1.043]
Mechanical properties of open cell iron foams with polyethylene glycol coating
1 1 1 2 2 2
R. Orinakova* , R. Gorejova , L. Haverova , M. Kupkova , M. Dzupon , M. Hrubovcakova , A.
1
Orinak
1 2
P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia

Metallic biomaterials are widely used in current medical practice to replace or repair failing
tissue. The presence of a permanent device may cause severe negative effects and require re-
intervention in the long-term. Biodegradable materials represent new generation of bioactive
materials which dissolve as new tissue is formed and allow the gradual load transmission to the
bone. Iron and iron-based alloys have exhibited several characteristics that make them suitable
for orthopaedic applications, especially for the applications where strong mechanical support
during the bone healing process is needed. Open cell foams, made on a base of reticulated
polyurethane foam, possess a suitable structure to enable bone cells and blood vessels to be
incorporated, overcome the stiffness mismatch between the bone and the implant material and
demonstrate controlled degradation after implantation.

In this work iron open cell foams (Fig. 1) were prepared by means of powder metallurgy
processes. The mechanical properties of the porous iron materials with polyethylene glycol
(PEG) coating (Fig. 1b) were evaluated depending on the time of immersion in simulated body
fluid. It has been found, that PEG layer has increased the density and strength of iron foams.
Coating of iron foams with PEG could be an effective approach to developing iron-based
biodegradable bone implants with improved biomedical performance.

a) b)

Fig. 1. SEM image of iron-based open cell foams: Fe (a), Fe+PEG (b).

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (project APVV-16-
0029) and Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of
the Slovak Republic (project VEGA 1/0074/17).

Keywords: Degradable biomaterials, open cell foams, iron, mechanical properties

 [P1.044]
Growth and characterization of iron doped WO3 film for gas sensing
M. Osiac*, N. Cioatera, M. Jigau
University of Craiova, Romania

In this paper we report the iron doped-tungsten oxide (Fe and WO3) thin film as an attractive
candidate for the gas sensing detection. The thin film based on WO3 with Fe as a dopant is
deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. A tungsten oxide and Fe targets were
irradiated by a pulsed laser with 213nm wavelength. The deposition was carried out in oxygen
o
atmosphere and the temperature of the Silicon substrate was 600 C. The oxygen pressure was
kept constant at 0.05mbar. The influence of the substrate temperature, gas pressure, amount of
Fe on properties of the obtained Iron doped WO3 was investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy,
Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy
and X-ray diffraction.

Keywords: pulsed laser deposition, tungsten oxide, iron dopant

 [P1.045]
Surface Properties of new and in Vivo exposed SMA NiTi Archwires
1 2 3 4 5 2 2 5
M. Jenko , M. Ovsenik* , J. Kovac , T. Kosec , D. Dolinar , R. Ovsenik , C. Oblak , K. Avsec
1 2 3
Institute of Metals and Technology, Slovenia, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Jozef Stefan
4
Institute,, Slovenia, Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Slovenia,
5
Orthopedic Clinic of University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia

Introduction: The most commonly used orthodontic wires are NiTi alloys, because of their
excellent elasticity and shape memory capacity, which allow these materials to return to their
original configuration after being submitted to a low-force stress and minimal patient discomfort.

The aim of this study was to analyse the surface properties of new NiTi archwires and
compare them to NiTi archwires which were in vivo-exposed to the conditions in patients’
mouths for two months.

Methods: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) together with energy dispersive X-ray
spectrometry (EDS) and focused ion beam (FIB) was used to analyze the morphology and the
chemical composition of new and in vivo exposed NiTi archwires. The surface chemical
analysis of the passive film on the NiTi archwires was performed by Auger Electron
Spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Results: The estimated thickness of the TiO2 passive film on new NiTi archwire is estimated
to 4 nm, on in-vivo exposed NiTi archwire a 60-80 nm thick organic film/dental plaque was
observed. AES and XPS results, of new and in-vivo exposed NiTi archwires showed that the
thin oxide films on new NiTi are mainly TiO2, of thickness 4-8 nm. For in-vivo exposed NiTi
archwire, an 80 nm thick organic film is formed containing O, Ca, P and Cl besides C, with Ni
and Ti increasing beneath the C-layer. This layer growth during in-vivo exposure is of organic
origin, and is dental plaque. FTIR results confirm the presence of the minerals apatite
Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH), calcite (CaCO3), halite (NaCl) and sylvite (KCl)

Conclusion The most important findings of this study is the estimated thickness (80 nm) of
organic deposits on the surface of in vivo-exposed NiTi archwires. It is obvious that we need
to prevent the formation and growth of dental plaque–organic layer on the surface of NiTi
archwires.

Keywords: orthodontic archwires, NiTi alloy, SEM, EDS, AES, XPS

 [P1.046]
Novel hydrogels based on functionalized graphene oxide and polypropylene
fumarate
1 1 2
A.M. Pandele* , M. Raicopol , C. Andronescu
1 2
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania, University Duisburg Essen, Germany

The recent advances in nanotechnology and polymer chemistry have led to the
development of many novel and ingenious smart materials which are being tested as injectable
hydrogels. Injectable hydrogels have been proven to be one of the most promising artificial
extracellular matrices (ECM) for in vitro and in vivo tissue engineering (1, 2). The main
drawback of current injectable hydrogels is that the hydrogels are mechanically too weak for
load bearing bone application despite their similarity with ECM components or properties (1, 2).
The aim of study is to develop innovative injectable biomaterials able to act as a suitable
template for tissue regeneration which can further lead to an improvement of the health and the
quality of life for a large number of people around the world. For that, our study proposed to
develop an efficient strategy for the chemical modification and dispersion of graphene oxide
(GO) into the polymer matrix by grafting a polymer chains (like polypropylene fumarate (PPF))
on the graphene oxide surface which will act afterward as compatibilizer between graphene
oxide and the polymer matrices (PPF). The GO modification is meant as ‘’two way traffic”: the
polymer chains attached on the surface of graphene oxide improve the interfacial interactions
between the GO sheets and the polymer matrix and maximize the dispersion of the filler within a
polymer having a similar structure. Moreover, the use of functionalized GO-based materials, will
undoubtedly lead to an improvement of mechanical properties, cell’s adhesion and controllable
degradation rate.

Reference:

1. J. Radhakrishnan, U. M. Krishnan, S. Sethuraman, 2014, Biotechnology Advances, 32, 449–

461.
2. J. D. Kretlow, L. Klouda, A. G. Mikos, 2007, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 59, 263–273.
3. L. Carson, C. Kelly-Brown, M. Stewart, A. Oki, G. Regisford, Z. Luo, V.I. Bakhmutov, 2009,
Materials Letters, 63, 617-620.

4. M. Ionita, H. Iovu, 2012, Composite Part B: Engineering, 43, 2464-2470.

Keywords: functionalization, graphene oxide, hydrogels, polypropylene fumarate

 [P1.047]
Ordered adsorption and demetallation of zinc-phthalocyanine on aluminum
G. Di Filippo, D. Paoloni*, A. Ruocco
Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Italy

In recent years, thin films of organic molecules have attracted increasing interest in many
technological applications. Among them, thin films of metal-phthalocyanines (MPcs) deposited
on solid state substrates are of great importance because MPcs can absorb light in the visible
range and this makes MPc heterostructures particularly useful for optoelectronic applications,
like solar energy conversion or organic-light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) production.

In all areas of utilization, the electronic and structural properties of those complex structures
play a crucial role. They depend, not only on the intrinsic properties of the constituents, but also
on the molecule-molecule and molecule-solid interaction.

In this work zinc-phtalocyanine (ZnPc) molecules were thermally deposited on Al(100) surface.
The chemical and electronic properties and the ordering of the molecular films were
investigated by combining photoemission spectroscopy (PS) and low energy electron diffraction
(LEED).

As for CuPc/Al(100) [1], a sizable charge transfer from the substrate to the molecule is
observed, this indicating a strong interaction at the organic-inorganic interface. However, this
interaction does not prevent diffusion of the molecules and ordering on the substrate. LEED
patterns clearly show a (5x5) reconstruction for ZnPc coverage below 1 ML, characteristic of
flat-lying molecules forming a long-range-ordered structure with square unit cell. The degree of
ordering is improved if the substrate is held above 100 °C during the deposition. As
consequence of the thermal treatment the zinc atom (held in the ZnPc central cavity) is
removed leading to the demetallation of the entire phthalocyanine films. This chemical
modification does not affect π-conjugation leaving the molecule macrocycle intact.

[1] A. Ruocco et al. J.Phys. Chem. C 112, 2016 (2008)

Keywords: phthalocyanine, demetallation, LEED, Photoemission

 [P1.048]
Degradation of gallium arsenide based solar cells exposed to gamma radiation
N. Papež*, A. Gajdoš, R. Dallaev, D. Sobola, P. Sedlák, R. Motúz, L. Grmela
Brno University Of Technology, Czech Republic

The influence of gamma irradiation on gallium arsenide based photovoltaic cells was
investigated. This type of solar cell is used for advanced space application where, in particular
60
radiation degradation occurs. A synthetic radioactive isotope of cobalt Co was used with
applied dose of up to 500 kGy. These irradiative particles cause damage and degradation of
the solar cell. A wide range of comparative characterization methods were performed before
and after irradiation. The effect of radiation on material morphology was described using
electron and atomic force microscopy. Structural changes were investigated by X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analysis. Also, the changes in noise
fluctuations and current-voltage characteristics of the cell in the dark and under illumination
were measured. Based on experimental measurements the degradation was observed in the
structural and material cell properties as well as in electrical parameters.

Keywords: degradation, gallium arsenide, radiation, solar cells

 [P1.049]
Dual enzyme sensitive nanoparticle for T1/T2 MRI imaging and chemo-gene therapy in
drug resistant cells
I.K. Park*, S.K. Rajendrakumar
Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea

Drug and gene delivery systems based on nanoparticles have been widely studied for cancer
treatment in the past decade. To achieve an synergistic effect and safe delivery, multi-cargo
carrier nanoparticles are critical. Biodegradable nanoparticles are considerably promising
nanotransporters in delivery of drugs and genes because of their unique chemical and physical
properties. However, delivery of a drug or gene sometimes cannot achieve a satisfactory
treatment effect. Therefore, co-delivery of dual drugs or co-delivery of a drug and a gene in a
polymeric nanoparticle has attracted attention. Such co-delivery systems can overcome multi-
drug resistance (MDR) of chemical drugs and achieve a synergistic therapeutic effect. Here we
developed a multicargo delivery system, where the nanoparticle consists of drug, gene and MRI
contrast agent (HART nanoassembly).

Nanoparticle was synthesized and characterized for size, surface charge, loading efficiency,
stability and theranostic ability. MTS assay was performed to analyze the viability of drug
resistant breast cancer cell lines. Luciferase gene reporter assay was performed for
transfection efficiency of HART nanoassembly. MRI contrast was analyzed using 1.5-T MRI
scanner using a knee coil.

In this study, we developed a clinically significant nanoparticle delivering multicomponents

i.e. drug, gene and MRI contrast agent. Apart from being non-toxic, it is responsive to cancer
intracellular environment i.e. sensitive to redox and hyaluronidase enzyme. The HART
nanoassembly enhanced CD44 mediated intracellular uptake in MDR breast cancer cells. The
synergistic cytotoxic effect of drug and gene was achieved only in the presence of GSH. HART
nanoassembly shows the linearity in the T1 and T2 relaxivity in concentration dependent
manner.

This work discussed the development and application of a redox responsive polymeric
theranostic nanoparticle-based platform that encompasses both imaging and therapeutic
agents in drug resistant breast cancer.

Keywords: multi-drug resistance, Chemo-gene therapy, T1/T2 dual MR imaging

 [P1.050]
Effect of electrical stimulation on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell bone
differentiation in ITO glass electrode
H.K. Park*, S.H. Baek, H.K. Park, A. Abdullah, D.H. Lee
Chung-Ang university, Republic of Korea

Several studies have been conducted to treat bone tissue damage and bone related disease
using tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Electrical stimulation is known to promote
bone differentiation in cells. In this study, we have experimented to induce bone differentiation
in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through electrical stimulation on an indium tin oxide
electrode (ITO). The effect of electrical stimulation on osteogenic differentiation at the cellular
level was investigated. In order to confirm the effects of electrical stimulation, osteogenic
differentiation and the level of expression of various signal related genes were compared. The
effects of electrical stimulation on the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were evaluated
by the status of proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and gene expression on the 3rd,
7th,14th and 21th days of culture. Cell proliferation was examined using MTT cell proliferation
assay and mineralization was analysed by alizarin red staining assay. Our results have shown
that bone differentiation is facilitated by a variety of signal transduction and constant electrical
stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells containing intracellular calcium ions.

Keywords: electrical stimulation, calcium signaling, ITO glass, bone differentiation

 [P1.051]
Dual monitoring of cracking and healing in self-healing coatings using microcapsules
loaded with two fluorescent dyes
Y.K. Song, T.H. Lee, K.C. Lee, S.H. Lee, S.M. Noh, Y.I. Park*
Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Republic of Korea

We report the development of an extrinsic self-healing coating system that shows no

fluorescence from the intact coating, yellowish fluorescence in cracked regions, and greenish
fluorescence in healed regions, thus allowing the separate monitoring of cracking and healing
of coatings. This fluorescence monitoring self-healing system consisted of a top coating, an
epoxy matrix resin containing mixed dye-loaded in single microcapsule. The dye-loaded
microcapsules consisted of a poly(urea-formaldehyde) shell encapsulating a healing agent
containing MAT-PDMS and styrene, a photo-initiator and a mixture of two dyes, one that
fluoresces only in the solid state (DCM) and a second that fluoresces dramatically increased in
the solid than solution state (4-TPAE). A mixture of the healing agent, photo-initiator and the
two dyes was yellow due to fluorescence from DCM. On UV curing of this mixture, however, the
color changed from yellow to green and the fluorescence intensity increased due to
fluorescence from 4-TPAE in the solid state. When a self-healing coating embedded with
microcapsules containing the DCM/4-TPAE dye mixture was scratched, the damaged region
exhibited a yellowish color that changed to green after healing. Thus, the self-healing system
reported here allows the separate monitoring of cracking and healing based on changes in
fluorescence color.

Keywords: Self-Healing Detection, Microcapsules, AIE, Self-Healing Coating

 [P1.052]
Fabrication of core@shell nanoparticles using atomic layer deposition method and their
applications to biotechnology and catalysis
I-S. Park*, S. Seong, T. Lee, S.Y. Kim, Y.C. Jung, J. Ahn
Hanyang university, Republic of Korea

Core@shell nanoparticles (NPs) have received much attention because of their versatile
applications in biomedical and catalysis fields. When core NPs are coated with thin shell layer,
the core@shell NPs show modified/enhanced material properties compared to pure NPs. As
shell layer, ZnO shows good biodegradable and biocompatible properties. The ultra-thin and
highly uniform shell requires to maintain the large surficial area of core NPs, atomic layer
deposition (ALD) is beneficial for making high-quality thin layers; atomic-level thickness control,
thickness uniformity, and perfect conformal coating on complex-structured surfaces.

The rotary-type ALD apparatus was introduced to avoid agglomeration of core NPs and to help
uniform coating of shell layer. The modified ALD process was investigated to fully cover the
large surface area of core NPs for sufficient supply of metal precursor. The conformal ZnO shell
layer was coated on inorganic NPs of Ag and Fe3O4; Ag@ZnO and Fe3O4@ZnO NPs. The
coating of ZnO layer was investigated by the analysis of TEM, STEM, and EDXS mapping
images.

The Fe3O4@ZnO NPs exhibited magnetic properties of Fe3O4 and optical characteristics of ZnO
via M-H and photoluminescence measurements. The Fe3O4@ZnO NPs was applied to drug
delivery vehicle. The cell viability assay was analyzed by using human glioblastoma cell of
U373MG on solution including Fe3O4@ZnO NPs. The drug loading/releasing test was
performed by measuring UV absorption spectra using ibuprofen as drug model. The
Fe3O4@ZnO NPs showed acceptable biocompatibility (> 80%) and high drug loading/releasing
capacity compared to Fe3O4 and ZnO NPs.

The Ag@ZnO NPs showed enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of RhB under
artificial sunlight irradiation. The NPs exhibited higher photocatalytic performance than ZnO and
ZnO@ZnO NPs, more than 98% degradation of RhB within 100 min. The increased
- +
photocatalytic reactions of Ag@ZnO NPs mainly ascribes to the efficient separation of e –h pair.

Keywords: core@shell nanoparticles, atomic layer deposition, biotechnology, catalysis

 [P1.053]
Effect of surface roughness and electrical stimulation on induction of osteogenic
differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
H.K. Park*, S.H. Baek, H.K. Park, A. Abdullah, D.H. Lee
ChungAng University, Republic of Korea

Electrical stimulation is known to be an effective way to induce bone differentiation. It is known

that the surface roughness increases the efficiency of inducing osteogenic differentiation.
Indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrodes are known to have good transparency and conductivity.
In this study, the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were grown on the gold-coated ITO
glass electrodes and electrified to induce bone differentiation. Surface roughness was
controlled by the gold deposition time. Electrical stimulation was compared between the cells
grown with the growth medium and the cells cultured with the differentiation medium. The
structure and roughness of gold-coated ITO glass electrode were examined using a field-
emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM).
Cytotoxicity of gold coated ITO electrode was confirmed by live/dead assay kit. The effects of
gold-coated ITO glass electrode on the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were
evaluated by the status of proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and gene expression on
the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 14th days of culture. Proliferation was investigated using cell MTT cell
proliferation assay and mineralization was analysed with alizarin red staining assay. Gene
expression was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. As a result, electrical
stimulation was found to increase the bone differentiation efficiency of cells. Surface roughness
was also found to influence the osteogenic differentiation.

Keywords: Roughness, Bone differentiation, Electrical stimulation, Gold deposition

 [P1.054]
Effects of a Se-interlayer on the formation of titanium silicide
S. Park*, H. Shin, E. Ko, J. Choi, H. Cho, D-H. Ko
Yonsei University, Republic of Korea

As the size of the device decreases, the ratio of the contact resistance to the series resistance
-9
increases. Furthermore, a contact resistivity of approximately 10 Ω·cm is required in the sub
10 nm processes [1]. To achieve the required low contact resistance, various attempts have
been made, such as laser annealing and implant [2]. We have changed the reaction conditions
on the surface by inserting an interlayer between metal and Si to lower the contact resistance
for the same thermal budget.

We investigated the effect of the Se-interlayer on Ti silicide formation and contact resistivity
with in-situ P-doped (ISPD) epitaxial silicon layer. Selenium and Ti layers were sequentially
deposited on the ISPD Si layer by sputtering. To compare the effect of Se-interlayers, Ti layer
was deposited directly on ISPD epitaxial Si layers as reference samples without the Se-
interlayer. Ti silicidation was conducted by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 850 °C for 30 s.
After annealing, we analysed the microstructure of Ti silicide using X-ray diffractometry (XRD)
and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We also measured the contact
resistivity using circular transmission line method (CTLM) patterns.

We confirmed that the overall reaction such as diffusion and phase transition from C49 to C54
were delayed when the Se-interlayer was introduced. Through this, we determined the effect of
suppressing the diffusion of the dopant during the annealing process and lowered the contact
resistance (Fig. 1). Consequently, significant reduction in the contact resistivity was achieved
by the introduction of the Se-interlayer in the TiSi2 contact on the in-situ P doped Si layers.

[1] O. Gluschenkov et al., FinFET performance with Si:P and Ge:Group-III-Metal Metastable
Contact Trench Alloys, Proc. IEDM 2016 (2016) 16-448

[2] C.-N. Ni et al., Ultra-Low Contact Resistivity with High doped Si:P Contact for nMOSFET,
Proc. VLSI 2014 (2014) T8-2

Fig. 1. Cumulative curve of the contact resistivity values obtained from the CTLM patterns
fabricated on the samples with and without Se-interlayer after RTA annealing at 850 ℃ for 30
sec at the phosphorus concentration of 2E21 atoms/cm3.

Keywords: Titanium Silicide, Selenium, ISPD, Interlayer

 [P1.055]
Surface functionalization of hydroxyapatite-coated nanofiber for controlled multiple
growth factor delivery in bone tissue regeneration
N. Udomluck, H. Lee, H. Park*
Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea

Introduction: Mimicking the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) in structure and function is a
challenge in the design of bone tissue engineering scaffold. A critical function of ECM is acting
as a depot for sustained release of growth factors. This study aimed to fabricate a scaffold that
provides controlled multiple growth factor delivery by Biotin conjugation on Avidin functionalized
surface and improves the bone growth by hydroxyapatite coating.

Methods: The porous gelatin nanofibers were electrospun and its surface was functionalized
with Avidin to prepare for binding with biotinylated growth factors including FGF-2 and BMP-2
growth factors in different ratio. The nanofibers were then coated by hydroxyapatite using
simulated body fluid solution. Surface and chemical properties were characterized by SEM,
XPS, FT-IR, and calcium assay. The conjugation of multiple growth factors was confirmed
through immunostaining using microplate spectrophotometry. Release profiles were evaluated
in comparison with physical adsorption method. Adipose-derived stem cells were cultured to
study the effect of multiple growth factors and hydroxyapatite on cell differentiation using
quantitative PCR analysis.

Results: Multiple growth factors were successfully conjugated onto the functionalized surface
with a controllable ratio between FGF-2 and BMP-2 growth factor. The growth factors delivery
by Avidin-Biotin conjugation had better performance on sustained releases than physical
adsorption. Hydroxyapatite coating was completed without damaging porous structure of
nanofibers. Increased gene expression of osteogenic gene markers indicated that the
enhancement of bone regeneration can be achieved by a synergistic effect of multiple growth
factor delivery and the hydroxyapatite coating on the gelatin nanofiber.

Discussion: Our data suggest that Avidin-functionalized surface hydroxyapatite-coated

nanofiber can be a promising osteoconductive scaffold for controlled multiple growth factor
delivery in bone tissue regeneration.

Keywords: Avidin-functionalized surface, hydroxyapatite coating, long-term release, bone tissue

engineering
 [P1.056]
Growth, structure and thermal stability of quasicrystalline Al-Pd-Mn-Ga thin films
1 1 2 3
M. Bohra , T.M. Pavan* , V. Fournée , R.K. Mandal
1 2 3
Mahindra Ecole Centrale College of Engineering, India, Institut Jean Lamour, France, Indian
Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), India

The generation of a quasicrystalline thin film of Al-Ga-Pd-Mn is hindered by the low melting
temperature of Ga (300K) and formation of residual Al-based binary alloys. The need for
producing its stable icosahedral thin films is important to comprehend their electrical and
tribological properties. In this study, a stable icosahedral film with a composition
near Al63Pd18Mn8.5Ga9.9 has been formed using the magnetron co-sputtering technique. The
process used Al64.9Pd20.7Mn8.4Ga6 and Al as targets, exposing them at time intervals to produce
the desired composition after annealing. On verification, the increase in the 6d lattice parameter
from 6.45 to 6.48 Å suggested that ~ 10 at. % of Ga (+1) successfully replaced Al (+3) in the
icosahedral structure. Further investigation was done using a temperature dependent XRD
approach to study the variation in the composition of the film at different temperatures. Although
phase transition occurred from the icosahedral phase to an Al3Pd2 phase at 500° C, the
icosahedral phase appeared again at high temperatures and subsequently produced a mixture
of icosahedral and AlPd phases was obtained at 700° C. In situ and ex situ annealing
conditions and their magnetic properties are discussed in detail.

Keywords: Quasicrystalline thin film, Al-Ga-Pd-Mn alloy, Phase stability, Annealing

 [P1.057]
High photocatalytic performance and stability of silver-based hybrids for the degradation
of Rhodamine B
W. Pereira*, C. Gozzo, E. Longo, J.C. Sczancoski
Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil

In the last decades, the human actions have caused serious environmental damage with direct
impacts on the climate change and instability of ecosystems. Currently, the water contamination
is one of the emerging issues that has constantly challenged the international political
community. Among the several kinds of pollutants responsible for the contamination of natural
water resources, the synthetic organic dyes (SOD) are very harmful because of the high
toxicity, non-biodegradability, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. For many researchers, the
photocatalytic degradation (PD) is a promising technology for wastewater treatments due to its
important advantages, including low cost, safe to handle, environmentally friendly reaction
conditions. In particular, the silver-based metal oxides have presented an excellent
photocatalytic activity (PA) for the degradation of SOD under ultraviolet/visible-light irradiation,
but few studies have been conducted focusing on the silver pyrophosphate (AgAPP). In the
present study, AgBr/AgAPP hybrids with high PA were prepared by the in situ ion exchange
method, using different non-stoichiometric Br/P molar ratios. PA was investigated under
ultraviolet irradiation for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). X-ray diffraction patterns and
Raman spectra were employed to monitor the formation and the structural ordering of the
hybrids. The scanning electron microscopy showed that the samples are composed of
hexagonal plate-shaped microparticles. Slight irregularities on the surfaces were detected for
the hybrids with 10 and 20% of Br/P. Ultraviolet-visible spectra revealed that the increase of
AgBr in the system reduced the band-gap energy due to the appearance of intermediary energy
levels. The highest PA was detected for 100%AgBr/AgAPP, which was able to degrade RhB in
a few minutes. This sample presented photocatalytic stability up to five cycle runs. The use of
different scavengers in PA tests proved that the holes and superoxide radicals were the main
reactive species during the degradation process.

Keywords: photocatalysis, silver-based hybrids, rhodamine B

 [P1.058]
Ultra-fast laser-based surface engineering of conductive thin films
1 1 2 2 1
J. Mur , J. Petelin , J. Schille , U. Loeschner , R. Petkovšek*
1 2
University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Germany

Modern electronics facilitate the need for fast, efficient, and reliable methods for direct laser-
based surface engineering of thin conductive materials on flexible substrates. Recent advances
in pulsed laser source development pushed the available average powers and pulse energies to
the kW and J levels respectively, however, the processing speed is limited by the available
scanning systems. Those are limited by either mechanical effects (e.g. galvanometric
scanners), optical damage thresholds (e.g. acousto- and electro-optical devices), or by irregular
scanning regimes (e.g. polygon and resonant scanners). Our goal was to combine a high-
frequency high-power pulse-on-demand laser source with a fast scanner to achieve ultra-fast
surface engineering. We thus strived to develop an experimental system matched to the
application and working on scalable principles.

Irregular scanning regimes that govern the principles of ultra-fast scanners add an additional
level of complexity to the high-frequency high-power lasers. We demonstrated a fiber laser
designed with intrinsic pulse-on-demand capabilities beyond simple pulse picking solutions to
compensate a resonant scanner’s sinusoidal movement in order to achieve spatially controlled
surface texturing and modification. The laser allows arbitrary pulse-on-demand with 50 ns
temporal resolution at full power. Using this laser, we achieved 3 µm positioning accuracy
throughout the scanner’s range at up to 60 m/s scan speed and 10 µm laser spot size.

We applied the optimized laser scanning setup to direct processing of thin conductive layers
(ITO, thin metal layers) on flexible substrates for touchscreens, position sensors, EM shielding,
and other applications. Surface modification and patterning of the conductive layer is desirable
and was successfully demonstrated while keeping the underlying surface intact. Furthermore,
the resulting surface topography and electric properties were observed and analysed.

Figure 1: a) Calculated temporal distributions of laser pulses for a 800 kHz laser (without pulse-
on-demand - PoD), a 2 MHz laser with PoD selecting best possible timing, and our laser with
intrinsic PoD operation in respect to the sinusoidal changing of resonant scanner position. b)
Corresponding calculated positions of pulses on sample. c) Experimentally obtained pulse
distributions after ablation of a thin metal layer on glass without PoD and with intrinsic PoD.
Scale bar 200 µm.
Keywords: conductive thin films, surface engineering, ultra-fast laser processing
 [P1.059]
A new nanocatalyst for isoindolinone synthesis in an optimized flow microreactor
M. Sarno, E. Ponticorvo*
University of Salerno, Italy

Isoindolinones have been extensively studied in recent years because the isoindolinone
skeleton is present in many natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals with a
comprehensive range of biological activities. Despite many traditional methods have been
efficaciously applied to prepare isoindolinones and enrich the structural diversity as well as the
structure-activity relationship, the development of convenient and practical synthetic methods
for these compounds continues to remain an active area of research. Organic electrochemistry
is a powerful method for organic synthesis. Anionic and cationic radical species can be formed
from neutral organic molecules generating a wide variety of useful reactive intermediates .
However there are relevant limitations for electrochemistry in the traditional batch processes: as
common organic solvents have typically low conductivity, the use and subsequent removal of
supporting electrolytes is necessary, furthermore the large distance between electrodes leads
to large current gradients. To overcame these problems, continuous flow reactors represent an
interesting choice, making processes less costly and enabling easier purification: small
electrode distances avoid the current gradients and the reactions can be performed with minor
amounts or without supporting electrolytes, a high electrode surface-to-reactor volume ratio
allows an improved mass transfer on the surface of the electrodes leading to milder reaction
conditions and short reaction times.

Here we demonstrate the facile synthesis of amidyl radicals used in intramolecular

hydroaminations to produce isoindolinones. The combination with inline mass spectrometry has
facilitated a much easier combination of chemical steps in a single flow process. A flow
reaction, thanks to the key role of an innovative synthesized nanocatalyst, in an optimized
reactor, was performed for 1.2 h leading to 97% yield. The same reaction performed in a batch
format has required supporting electrolyte and provided the some product after several hours in
only 50 % yield.

Keywords: isoindolinone, flow microreactor, organic electrochemistry, nanocatalyst

 [P1.060]
Selective methane electrochemical oxidation at room temperature on metallic inclusions
supported NiO and V2O5.
M. Sarno, E. Ponticorvo*
University of Salerno, Italy

The possibility to convert natural gas, stranded resources or biogas into hydrocarbon liquid fuels
or high value chemicals is today a topic of great interest.

On the other hand, the syngas generation intermediate step, typically employed, requires a very
large scale for successful commercialization, mainly due to the requirements for large
production facilities and sustainable gas supply. Moreover, large quantities of energy and heat
are involved, limiting the energy efficiency of these processes. The direct transformation of
methane is a cost-effective and low-energy strategy. A lot of studies have been conducted for
decades and, despite several significant progresses, the direct transformation of methane via
conventional heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis remains a challenge. Electrocatalytic
approach represents an interesting route, i.e. products stabilized from further oxidation and
overcoming of the methane chemical inertness thanks to the rapid generation of highly reactive
species. Although the direct CH4 electrochemical transformation into important industrial
reactants is a potentially promising process, catalysts must be specified to select one of the
products as the main target of the electrolytic process and capable of working at low
temperatures (to avoid deactivation due to the deposition of carbonaceous materials). Transition
metal oxides showed high catalytic performances even at low temperatures, in addition the
single-atom metals are promising for the C–H bonds activation, while the selectivity toward
CH2O is strongly correlated to the specific total acidity.

Here, in order to develop enhanced catalysts for direct and selective conversion of methane to
an useful chemical (i.e. formaldehyde, key chemical for organic synthesis processes) at ambient
temperature, GO supported mixed oxides nanocatalyst (based on NiO and V2O5) with Rh
metallic inclusions was prepared. Moreover, to improve the selectivity toward CH2O we
proposed an acidic coating with ClSO3H. We found that prepared nanocatalyst can catalyse
efficiently the selective oxidation of CH4 to HCHO.

Keywords: selective oxidation, methane, formaldehyde, NiO-V2O5

 [P1.061]
Superior electrochemical activity of PLD deposited CoFeOx coatings in OER: the role of
boron in enhancing the electrochemical response
1 1 1 2 1
Y. Popat* , M. Orlandi , N. Bazzanella , N. Patel , A. Miotello
1 2
University of TRENTO, Italy, University of Mumbai, India

Fe metallic, Co metallic and boric acid (H3BO3) powders were mixed in an optimized ratio
and the prepared mixture was compressed in the form of a disc to be used as a PLD target for
the deposition of mixed oxide coatings. The depositions were carried out in argon atmosphere
followed by thermal annealing of the deposited coatings in air at 200°C, 400°C and 600°C for
5hrs. The samples were characterized by SEM, Raman and XPS respectively. Different
morphologies namely, porous and compact were obtained by varying the deposition pressure in
the PLD chamber. Compact CoFeOx coatings show better electrochemical response in OER
compared to porous coatings. The compact sample annealed at 400°C (AN400) shows the best
2 2
electrochemical activity with overpotentials of 281mV and 315mV at 1mA/cm and 10mA/cm
respectively, along with excellent stability in basic as well as neutral media. CoFeOx coatings
were also deposited by ablating a target of Fe and Co metallic powders (without H3BO3) to
understand the role of boron in the obtained electrochemical response. The AN400 sample in
this case (without boron) shows inferior electrochemical response with overpotentials of 370mV
2 2
and 421mV at 1mA/cm and 10mA/cm respectively, underlining the importance of boron in
enhancing the electrochemical activity in OER. The role of boron in enhancing the
electrochemical activity by increasing the conductivity of the coating is investigated by
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).

Keywords: Pulsed Laser Deposition, overpotentials

 [P1.062]
Polymer based micro-patterns prepared on flexible substrate using cold plasma
A. Popelka*, J. Bhadra, A. Abdulkareem, S. Jang, P. Kasak, N. Al-Thani
Qatar University, Qatar

The application of polymer based micro-patterns in the field of flexible micro-electronics has
become the focus as to replace rigid and planar silicon based integrated circuits with weak
bendability. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be used as a substrate because of its
excellent flexible and mechanical properties and polyaniline (PANI) is a typical representative of
the electrical conductive polymers applicable for this purpose. PANI excels by a stable and
controllable electrical conductivity, high environment stability, and ease fabrication [1]. An
improvement of electrical conductivity of PANI can be achieved using different nano-particles,
such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs since their discovery [2] have attracted attention due
to their excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties [3], and had divergent
applications [4], such as complex nano-electronic and micro-electronic devices, energy storage
and both chemical and bio sensors [5]. This research was focused on the preparation of micro-
patterns based on electrically conductive PANI using shaping mold and cold plasma acting as
adhesion promoter for PET substrate. The PANI/CNTs nano-composite was used to enhance
an electrical conductivity of prepared micro-patterns. The adhesion of prepared micro-patterns
was evaluated based on the peel tests measurement. Various microscopic techniques, such as
profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM), proved the
homogeneous structures of prepared polymer based micro-patterns. Broad dielectric
spectroscopy and conductive AFM confirmed electrical behaviour of prepared micro-patterns.

Acknowledgement

This publication was made possible by the Qatar University Grant QUUG-CAM-CAM-1516-1.
The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.

References

[1] T. Mäkelä et al., Microelectronic Engineering, 84 (2007) 877.

[2] M. Schulz et al., Elsevier Science (2013) 87.

[3] S. Rodríguez et al., Journal of Chromatography, A 1357 (2014) 110.

[4] C. X. Liu et al., Nanomaterials, 2 (2012) 329.

[5] D. S. Bychanok et al., Applied Physics Letters, 103 (2013) 243104.

Keywords: micro-patterns, polyaniline, polyethylene terephtalate, cold plasma

 [P1.063]
A new ZnPc:Bis-3-Pentyl-PTCBI supramolecular system in solution for multifunctional
applications
1 1 2
T. Potlog* , V. Furtuna , H. Mimura
1 2
Moldova State University, Republic of Moldova, Shizuoka University, Japan

The development of novel photosensitizers with desirable properties remains a big challenge
not only for photovoltaics, but it also remains a problem for the healthcare industry. Metal
phthalocyanines, and perylenes are compounds with great potential for serving as components
of molecular materials that possess unique electronic and photophysical properties. Among
metal phthalocyanines, the more promising photosensitizers that are currently being evaluated
for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications are the zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). Literature
survey shows, that the synthesis of ZnPc complexes and donor-acceptor conjugated
complexes based on ZnPc and N, N'-bis (3-pentyl) perylen-3,4,9,10-bis (dicarboximid) (Bis-3-
Pentyl-PTCBI) derivative in formic acid solution has not been reported. For the preparation of a
donor-acceptor molecule from chemical solution, Bis-3-Pentyl-PTCBI and ZnPc powders were
separately dissolved. ZnPc 1.0 mg/L and Bis-3-Pentyl-PTCBI 1.0 mg/L were each solubilized in
a mixture of formic acid and dimethylformamide. Both ZnPc and Bis-3-Pentyl-PTCBI solutions
were sonicated for 1 hour and then were mixed in the different weight ratios. The structure and
optical properties of the ZnPc:Bis-3-Pentyl-PTCBI thin films obtained by spin coating were
analysed by Jasco X-ray Ultima III advanced diffractometer, Raman spectroscopy and UV-VIS
spectroscopy, respectively. The fluorescence spectra, as well as triplet properties were
investigated by a Jasco spectrofluorometer FP-8600. The formic acid affects the crystalline
structure of the ZnPc. Absorption spectra show representative phthalocyanine B and Q bands
with well-defined intensive peaks that demonstrate the formation of a supramolecular
architecture by the self-assembly of ZnPc and Bis-3-Pentyl-PTCBI. The ZnPc: Bis-3-Pentyl-
PTCBI thin films show higher fluorescence quantum yields ΦF values in comparison with ZnPc.
Moreover, the ZnPc/ZnO and ZnPc:Bis-3-Pentyl-PTCBI/ZnO interfaces were investigated with
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both interfaces shown to be the place for the exciton
dissociation, i.e., to be the active interface. Bulk heterojunction ZnPc:Bis-3-Pentyl-PTCBI/ZnO
structures show improvement of the power conversion efficiency up to 3.0%.

Keywords: organic semiconductors, X-ray and Raman analysis, X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy, ZnPc/ZnO, ZnPc:Bis-3-Pentyl-PTCBI/ZnO interfaces
 [P1.065]
Influence of viscoelasticity on oscillatory rayleigh-bénard-marangoni instabilities in an
evaporating polymer solution of a maxwell fluid
R. Rabani*, H. Machrafi, P. Dauby
University of Liege, Belgium

The drying of liquid films of polymer solution appears in many industrial processes such as
drying of paint films, ink-jet printing, packaging, and so on. In this research, we examine a linear
Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni instability for a horizontal layer of a Maxwell viscoelastic fluid that
evaporates into (inert) air (Fig. 1). In previous studies (see [1] for instance), a pure Maxwell
viscoelastic fluid layer heated from below was studied for both stationary and oscillatory
solutions. In the present study, we have built a model for the drying process of a polymer
solution (a 5% polyisobutylene (PIB)/ 95% Toluene solution) taking into account the physics of
the upper gas layer and its interactions with the liquid layer and the variation of the viscosity and
diffusion coefficient with the solvent mass fraction. Four different values of the constant
dimensional relaxation time λ and a variable dimensional relaxation time as a function of
concentration are considered. Fig. 2 corresponds to H=101, where H is the total dimensionless
height of the liquid-gas system, and shows the dimensional time versus the critical liquid
thickness for these five cases. By increasing the relaxation time λ, the system becomes more
and more unstable. Fig. 3 illustrates the critical curves for the stationary and oscillatory mode.
The solid curve represents the stationary neutral curve (ω=0) while the dashed curve
corresponds to the oscillatory motions (ω≠0). It is worth emphasizing that there is a certain
critical liquid thickness below which for the stationary mode and above which for oscillatory
mode (turning point in the curves) no instability ever occur (no growing perturbations occur). For
thicknesses larger than the critical value for stationary mode and lower than the critical value for
oscillatory mode, the first unstable state with growing perturbation is located on the concave
side of the curve.

Fig. 1. Schematic of studied system

 Fig. 2. The critical curves for the oscillatory motions, H = 101, and the five cases.

Fig. 3. The dimensional critical times as a function of the liquid thickness for the stationary
and oscillatory mode for H = 101.

[1] P. C. Dauby, P. Pannentier, G. Lebon and M. Grmela, “Coupled buoyancy and

thermocapillary convection in a viscoelastic Maxwell fluid”, Journal of Physics: Condensed
Matter, vol. 5, pp 4343-4352, 1993.
[2] Doumenc, F., Chénier, E., Trouette, B., Boeck, T., Delcarte, C., Guerrier, B. and Rossi, M.,
2013. Free convection in drying binary mixtures: solutal versus thermal
instabilities. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 63, pp.336-350.

Keywords: Drying of polymer solution, Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni, Relaxation time, Critical

liquid thickness
 [P1.066]
Performance evaluation of dye sensitized solar cells based on ionic liquid crystal
electrolytes
M. Raicopol*, C. Devan, M. Pandele, C. Dascalu, A-L. Alexe-Ionescu
University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Romania

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), described by Graetzel and O'Reagan almost 30 years ago,
are becoming a successful alternative to first- and second-generation photovoltaic devices due
to their relatively low manufacturing cost and promising power conversion efficiencies (PCEs).
We report here a new class of imidazolium-based ionic liquid crystal (ILC) electrolytes which
- -
form hexagonal-columnar mesophases, in which the I /I3 redox couple is confined in one-
dimensional ion conductive channels.

The photovoltaic characteristics of DSSCs employing ILC electrolytes was assessed by I-V
measurements under standard illumination and charge-transfer mechanisms were investigated
using both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and optical impedance spectroscopy
(IMVS and IMPS).

We demonstrate that in this type of electrolytes possessing structural order, the charge-carrier
transport rates increase, which leads to an improvement in DSSC performance.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant of Ministry of Research and Innovation CNCS-UEFISCDI,
project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2016-0556.

References

1. O’Regan, B.; Graetzel, M. Nature, 1991, 353, 737.

2. Wang, P.; Zakeeruddin, S.M.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Grätzel, M. Chem. Mater., 2004, 16,
2694.

3. Yamanaka, N.; Kawano, R.; Kubo, W.; Masaki, N.; Kitamura, T.; Wada, Y.; Watanabe, M.;
Yangida, S. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2007, 111, 4763.

4. Pan, X.; Wang M.; Fang, X.Q.; Zhang, C.N.; Huo, Z.P.; Dai, S.Y.; Science China, 2013, 56,
1463.

Keywords: dye sensitized solar cells, ionic liquid crystals

 [P1.067]
Development of two-dimensional mica nanosheets on substrates analysed by scanning
Auger electron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy
I.M. Razzakul*, M. Tomitori
Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have great potential for future electronic devices. To realize
them, both conductive and insulating 2D materials are needed. As insulating oxide 2D
materials, mica attracts much interest. In this study, we fabricate the nanosheets of mica
(phlogopite (KMg3AlSi3O10F2) with a melting temperature of higher than 1000 °C) with
thicknesses of a few layers down to single (~1 nm) by mechanical exfoliation, placed on SiO2/Si
substrates and gold-coated Si substrates. We characterize their extents and thicknesses on the
substrates by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) using
scanning Auger electron spectroscopy/microscopy (SAM).

(a) (b)
Si Wafer 1 nm
3 nm
Mica
Mica Au Substrate
1 nm
2 nm
10 µm 10 µm

(c) (d)

Figure: (a) AFM image of mica nanosheets mechanically exfoliated down to 1, 2, and 3 nm
thick on the SiO2/Si substrate. (b) on the Au-coated Si substrate. (c) AES spectrum
Figures (a) and (b)
(d(N(E))/d(E)) of show the typical
Au element AFM
on the images
areas on the
covered withSiO
the2/Si substrate
different and the Au-coated
thicknesses of the micaSi
substrate,
nanosheetsrespectively. The thicknesses
on the Au-coated of mica
Si substrate. Thenanosheets were measured
gold peak intensity attenuatedfrom
as the cross-
mica
sectional line profiles
layer increased. (d)inAES
the peak
images. The SAM
intensities foranalyses were of
the elements carried
mica out overthe
versus thethickness
same areas
of
observed by theThe
mica layers. AFM. We found
Auger thatintensities
electron as the number of, mica
of KKLL FKLL, layers
AlLMM, increases
and MgLMM theincreased
AES spectrum
with
showed distinctofchanges,
the increase number oftypically as shown in Fig. (c) for the AES peaks of Au on the
mica layers.
nanosheets with a thickness from 1 to 6 layers. The AES peak to peak intensities of the
elements of mica increased and saturated with increasing thickness (Fig. (d)), which were
analysed by taking into account the escape depth of Auger electrons with inelastic mean free
path (IMFP), shows a good agreement with the universal curve of IMFP. This shows that the
number of mica layers up to ~6 mica layers can be precisely determined by the SAM analysis,
while observing their scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images using the SAM. The
electronic properties of the mica nanosheets will be also presented.

Keywords: Mica, 2D materials, AES, AFM

 [P1.068]
Secondary electron emission from graphene based materials
P. Riccardi*
Università della Calabria, Italy

Two dimensional (2D) crystals are attracting interest in materials science as they can be
the building blocks of more complex three dimensional (3D) hetero-structures with
properties tailored to suit specific demands. On the other side, emerging facts and
concepts about 2D materials can give new insight into the electronic properties of
materials that have been widely investigated and applied, such as graphite. We use
Angle resolved secondary electron emission (ARSEE) as a probe for excited states of 3D
materials derived from 2D crystals. Spectra of electrons emitted electrons under the
impact of low energy ions and electrons with graphene on substrates show a fine
structure related to the band structure of the unoccupied energy levels of the sample [1].

We can also use state of the art Density Functional Theory (DFT) [1,2] to calculate of
the electronic band structure of our samples, focusing on the unoccupied energy levels
up to 50 eV above the Fermi level. The results of the calculations can be compared with
available observations obtained in ARSEE experiment either performed by us or reported
in the literature. ARSEE measurements show spectroscopic features that can be linked to
energy states found in band structure calculations. The combined analysis of DFT
calculations and ARSEE experiments can allow us to show how peculiar properties of the
electronic structure of 2D crystals are reflected in 3D derived systems.

References:

1. M. Pisarra, P. Riccardi, A. Sindona, A. Cupolillo, N. Ligato, C.Giallombardo, L. S.

Caputi
Carbon 77 (2014) 796

2. M. Pisarra, A. Sindona, P. Riccardi, V.M. Silkin, J.M. Pitarke. New Journal of Physics, 16
(2014) 083003
Keywords: graphene, secondary electron emission, density functional theory, graphite
 [P1.069]
Surface termination, crystal size, and bonding-site density effects on diamond
biosensing surfaces
1,2 1,2 1,2
A. Rogien* , G. Jansen , T. Zimmermann
1 2
Michigan State University, USA, Fraunhofer USA, CCD, USA

Medicine is evolving to treat patients on an individualized scale. Customized therapies based on

antibodies, vaccines, and proteins are increasing in demand as genetic profiling becomes more
customary. Producing such sophisticated biopharmaceuticals is often realized in a single-use
bioreactor for its minimal spacial and financial cost, and its ability to execute critical parallel
processing methods. However, continuous monitoring of analytes in multifaceted protein
mixtures and achieving full automation of production are challenges inhibiting
commercialization. Also, it is essential that the bioactive layer sustains the lifetime of the
processing cycle, as well as display a shelf life compatible with standard inventory consumption.
By developing sensitive and specific bioMEMS, in-situ, multi-sensing systems can be realized
[1]. Diamond’s features such as chemical stability and anti-fouling, that when combined with
widely understood carbon-based chemistry, make it an ideal material for biosensing [2]. The
immobilization of antibodies using a biotinylated self-assembled monolayer on diamond
surfaces has the potential to continuously and accurately read specific bioanalytes [3]. Different
methods for surface functionalization have been investigated [4,5]; however, a thorough
understanding of fabricating sensors in a way that will bring personalized medicine towards
commercialization is still needed.

We propose a simplistic approach to functionalizing diamond and evaluating the sensitivity of

the bioactive surface. Different methods of achieving an oxygenated surface on diamond with
varying crystal sizes is investigated to see which produces the most active biointerface. Surface
termination species were confirmed post-oxygenation with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
(Figure 1).

Figure 1: The percentage of total oxygen bound to carbon on the diamond surface as a function
of average crystal size for each oxygenation method.

The diamond was then functionalized with a biotinylated monolayer which was treated with
gold-conjugated streptavidin to quantify the active bonding sites (Figure 2).
Figure 2: Scanning electron microscope image of gold nanoparticles functionalized to the
surface of polycrystalline diamond at 20Kx magnification. The conjugated streptavidin binds to
biotin, which is bound to the OH-terminated carbon atoms of the diamond via an ammine group.

After complete biofunctionalization, detection sensitivity of IL-8 and antibody density were
assessed with a colorimetric assay. The varying correlations between diamond morphology and
functionalization method lead us into further testing before concrete conclusions may be drawn.

References:

[1] S. Mross, T. Zimmermann, N. Winkin, M. Kraft, and H. Vogt, “Integrated multi-sensor

system for parallel in-situ monitoring of cell nutrients, metabolites and cell mass in
biotechnological processes,” in Procedia Engineering, 2015.

[2] C. Hébert, S. Ruffinatto, P. Bergonzo, and C. Hébert, “Diamond biosensors,” in Carbon

for Sensing Devices, 2015.

[3] S. De Vitis et al., “Isolation of cancer cells by ‘in situ’ microfluidic biofunctionalization
protocols,” Microelectron. Eng., 2014.

[4] J. Navas et al., “Oxygen termination of homoepitaxial diamond surface by ozone and
chemical methods: An experimental and theoretical perspective,” Appl. Surf. Sci., 2018.

[5] C. Xxiii, S. Torrengo Supervisor, A. Miotello, G. Speranza coordinator, and L. Pavesi,

“UNIVERSITY OF TRENTO PhD THESIS IN PHYSICS Surface functionalization and
characterization of diamond thin films for sensing applications,” 2007.

Keywords: Functionalization, Diamond, Biosensing, Morphology

 [P1.071]
The growth of graphene on stainless steel by chemical vapor deposition using waste
vegetable oil as a carbon source.
A. Ruammaitree*
Thammasat, Thailand

Vegetable oil is widely used in cooking. In Thailand, the majority of the waste vegetable oil from
the cooking is dump in water and soil resulting in water and soil pollution. Stainless steel is also
utilized widely in Thailand. The improvement of its surface properties such as electron
conductivity, surface hardness and corrosion resistance can broaden the application range of
stainless steel. Graphene is a 2-dimension and flat material consisting of carbon atoms
arranged in a honeycomb lattice. Graphene attracts scientist’s attention due to its outstanding
properties such as high electron mobility, superb strength, transparence and great flexibility.
Graphene film can be fabricated by economical method such as chemical vapor deposition.
Therefore, in this study, the growth of graphene on stainless steel by chemical vapor deposition
(CVD) using waste vegetable oil as a carbon source has been investigated. The growth of
graphene can improve the surface properties of stainless steel. Moreover, utilization of the
waste vegetable oil as a carbon source not only is economical but also it can convert the waste
causing water and soil pollution to value added product. Figure 1 shows Raman spectrum
measured on a stainless steel underwent the growth of graphene by CVD using waste
vegetable oil as a carbon source. The growth temperature and time are set at 1000 °C and 10
-1 -1
minutes. The presence of G peak (~1590 cm ) and 2D peak (~2700 cm ) confirms that there is
-1
graphene on this sample. However, the appearance of D peak (~1350 cm ) implies that the
quality of the graphene on this sample is not high. In this report the effect of growth
temperature, growth time and quantity of waste vegetable oil on graphene quality is also
studied.

Figure 1 Raman spectrum measured on a stainless steel underwent the growth of graphene by
CVD using waste vegetable oil as a carbon source

Keywords: graphene, chemical vapor deposition, waste, Raman spectroscopy

 [P1.073]
Green silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications
1 1,3 2 2 3 1 1
L. Ruggiero* , A. Talone , F. Zurlo , E. Di Bartolomeo , D. Peddis , M.A. Ricci , A. Sodo
1 2 3
Università degli Studi “Roma Tre”, Italy, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy, Istituto di
Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerca, Pianabella di Montelibretti, Italy

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are of huge interest in different application field. Due to their
unique magnetic properties, they can be used for biological imaging, drug targeting, and
bioconjugation. We report the synthesis of a novel hybrid material consisting of cobalt ferrite
magnetic nanoparticles (CoFe-MNPs) encapsulated in a silica shell to form a hybrid material
denoted as CoFe-MNPs@SiO2. For many applications, these nanoparticles would benefit from
having a silica shell to impart wettability and biocompatibility. A water-based two-step synthesis
was used to derive CoFe-MNPs@SiO2: CoFe-MNPs nanoparticles are synthesized by
coprecipitation method and embedded within mesoporous silica shell using surfactant-
templated procedure[1].

CoFe-MNPs’ synthesis by coprecipitation is performed in acid aqueous solvent under nitrogen

flux at 60°C. CoFe-MNPs were directly added to surfactant (CTAB) water solution micelles and,
after, silica precursor (TEOS) was rapidly dripped in order to realize the polymerization and the
condensation reaction at the CTAB micelles interface [2]. The nanocomposite material has been
characterized as far as its morpho-structural and textural properties (XRD, SEM and BET
measurements), magnetic properties (i.e. field and temperature dependence of magnetic
moment). CoFe-NPs (<DTEM> 4,5±0,1 nm in diameter) are embedded within mesoporous silica
nanoparticles to produce CoFe/SiO2 core-shell nanoarchitecture, with a final diameter of 35± 4
nm. This developed hybrid nanomaterial can be applied in diverse medical fields, for example
as new strategy in drug targeting. The CoFe-MNPs@SiO2 can present the advantage that may
be easily guided by the aid of an external magnetic field, improving the targeting capability and
their potential applications as target drug delivery systems or magnetic resonance image agents
for diagnostic.

[1] X. Liu et al.(2004), Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 270 (1-2), 1-6

[2] N. Z. Knezevic et al.(2017), MRS Advances, 2 (19-20), 1037-1045

Keywords: silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles, CoFe magnetic nanoparticles, biomedical

applications
 [P1.074]
Study on work function and corresponding electron emission during NEA activation of
GaAs surfaces
Y. Sada*, T. Meguro
Tokyo university of science, Japan

NEA (negative electron affinity) surfaces formed on GaAs is one of the candidates for a next-
generation electron source because of its large quantum efficiency, ultra-short pulse operation,
high spin polarization, low emittance nature, and so on. However, there are problems to be
resolved such as the detailed surface processes or actual electron emission sites in the NEA
activation. While the quantum efficiency (emitted electron current) during the NEA activation
usually shows cyclic ups and downs corresponding to alternating supply of Cs and O2, its
mechanism and the relation to work function have not been understood up to now. In the
present study, we clarified the detailed changes of work function in contrast with time evolution
of quantum efficiency during the NEA activation.
-8
The NEA surface was formed on a clean p-type GaAs in an ultra-high vacuum condition (~10
Pa) by alternating supply of Cs and O2. During the NEA activation, the quantum efficiency was
measured under illumination of Xe-lump via an optical spectrometer, and the work function was
estimated by threshold wavelength of illuminated light.

It was found that the PEA (positive electron affinity) surfaces changed to the NEA surfaces
when the electron emission increased. It was of interest that once the NEA surface was formed
during increase of electron emission, the electron current continued to increase with the
constant work function, indicating that the quantum efficiency is independent to the work
function in this region. On the other hand, in the region where the electron emission decreased
in the NEA activation, the NEA surface returned to the PEA and the electron current varied with
the work function. At present, it is considered that the increase of quantum efficiency has close
relation to the number of electron emission sites.

Keywords: Negative electron affinity surfaces, GaAs, Work function, Electron source
 [P1.075]
Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol by FeXSY/ FeXSY@carbon dots nanoparticles
B. Akhetova, Z. Salkenova*, M. Balanay
Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan

In this research, FeXSY and FeXSY @carbon-dots where synthesized using solvothermal
approach. Waste Pomegranate was used as a carbon source. The synthesized nanoparticles
were tested for its catalytic activity, namely, to reduce a common toxic compound, p-
nitrophenol, which has status as a priority pollutant for environmental remediation by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. The synthesized nanoparticles was characterized using UV–
Vis, Raman, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. Additionally, the catalytic activity of Fe@carbon-dots NPs
was compared with other metal@carbon-dots NPs, particularly: Tl, In, Ni, Ag and Ru. It was
found out that the best performance was observed by Fe and Ru.

As expected the synthesized FeNPs doped with CD have more effective catalytic activity than
non-CD nanoparticles. Therefore, the FeXSY @carbon-dots nanoparticles can be widely used
as an environment-friendly, non-toxic, effective and cheap catalyst to degrade versatile organic
nitro pollutants such p-nitrophenol.

Keywords: nanoparticles, carbon dots, reduction of 4-nitrophenol, Fe

 [P1.076]
Acetone adsorption sensitivity on doped and functionalized silicon nanowires: a DFT
study
1 1 1 2 1
J.E. Santana* , F. de-Santiago , A. Miranda , L.A. Perez , M. Cruz-Irisson
1 2
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESIME-Culhuacán, Mexico, Instituto de Física, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico

Acetone has been largely identified as a marker of diabetes. Although it is normally present in
the blood and urine of a healthy person, diabetic patients produce acetone in a larger amount.
These abnormally high levels of acetone are present also in the exhaled breath of patients, a
fact has been taken advantage of to diagnose diabetes under the philosophy of point-of-care
testing, which is non-invasive and in real-time. Small, ultrasensitive, electronic sensors of facile
operation are required for this kind of diagnosis. In this work, we investigated the acetone
adsorption on pristine and doped silicon nanowires (SiNWs) within density functional theory. We
considered B-, Al- and Ga-doped SiNWs grown along the [111] crystallographic direction, and
two doping schemes are modelled: substitutional doping and superficial adsorption. We present
an analysis of the structure, stability, and electronic properties of undoped and doped SiNWs.
The electronic charge transfers between the doped SiNW and the adsorbed acetone were
estimated by using Voronoi population analysis. The acetone adsorbed onto the undoped, and
all doped SiNW exhibits an electron-donor character. It is observed that in the substitutional
scheme the acetone adsorption energies are higher than in the superficial scheme. Obtaining
that the B-atom is the better option in both schemes with the highest acetone adsorption
energies, follow by Al-atom with acceptable values of acetone adsorption energies and then Ga-
atoms with low acetone adsorption energies, even lower than the undoped case in the
superficial scheme. These results suggest that acetone can be adsorbed on undoped and
doped silicon nanowires. We believe that this study indicates that SiNWs may be a potential
material for acetone sensing application.

Fig. 1. (a) SiNW with hexagonal cross section and diameter of 1.5 nm. Schemes for acetone
adsorption on (b) doped and (c) functionalized SiNW. The yellow, white, cyan, red, and purple
spheres represent Si, H, C, O, and X (X = B, Al or Ga) atoms, respectively.

This work was supported by Multidisciplinary Projects SIP-IPN 2016-1770 and 2018-1937; and
UNAM-PAPIIT IN107717. Computations were performed at the supercomputer Miztli of DGTIC-
UNAM (Project LANCAD-UNAM-DGTIC-180), F.S. and J.E.S. would like to thank the
CONACYT and BEIFI-IPN for their scholarships.

Keywords: Silicon nanowires, Acetone, Adsorption, DFT

 [P1.077]
B, Al and Ga-doped [111] diamond nanowires for monoxide carbon gas sensing
A.D. de la Merced, J.E. Santana*, F. de Santiago, A. Miranda, M. Crisóstomo, F. Salazar, M.
Cruz-Irisson
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico

Diamond nanowires (DNWs) could be considered as potential chemical sensors due to their
large surface-to-volume ratio and their possible integration into arrays for nanotechnological
applications. Recently, detection of harmful gases like CO has been experimentally
demonstrated on B-doped DNWs. In this work, we present a density functional theory study of
surface adsorption of CO, NO, N2, and O2 molecules on hydrogen-passivated DNWs doped
with boron, aluminum, and gallium. All studied DNWs are grown along the [111]
crystallographic direction. The results indicate that the CO molecules are more strongly
adsorbed on the doped DNW than on the hydrogen-passivated DNW. The electronic charge
transfers between the DNWs and the adsorbed molecules is estimated through a Voronoi
electronic population analysis and density charge difference calculations. The results indicate
that the CO adsorbed on the B-, Al-, and Ga-doped DNWs exhibits an electron-donor character,
while that the CO adsorbed on the undoped DNWs has an electron-acceptor character. The
comparison of the adsorption energies for the CO, NO, N2 and O2 molecules indicates that the
greater energy corresponds to the CO adsorption on the B-doped DNWs. This implies a
preferential adsorption, and therefore, selectivity towards the CO molecule. These results
suggest that DNWs could be incorporated in gas sensors which help to preserve human safety
in situations with high risk of intoxication.

Keywords: Diamond nanowires, Sensing, Nanotechnology, Adsorption

 [P1.078]
Electronic and mechanical properties of dichalcogenides focused on the storage of
electrical energy.
J.E. Antonio Pallares, J.E. Santana*, A. Trejo Baños, M. Cruz-Irisson
Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico

In this work the properties of the compound in bulk of TiS2, bilayers of TiS2 and TiSe2 are
presented. It´s worth mentioning that these bilayers are compared with a tandem which has a
monolayer of TiS2 and TiSe2. This was done using the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The
calculation model was with the approximation of GGA and the Pseudopotential of Ultra soft. The
titanium disulphide has been used for cathodes for lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries.
An initial cut is made in the crystal, in the direction of growth (0001), this is done to know its
behaviour as a nanostructure. The monolayers of TiS2 have a semiconductor behaviour, in the
bulk it can be observed that it has a behaviour of a semimetal or metallic. The TiSe2 has a
behaviour similar to that of TiS2; In the literature we can find that TiSe2 is a semimetal.

Figure 1. A) Bilayer of TiS2, show a metallic behaviour. B) Bilayer of TiSe2, the electronics
bands show us that it crosses the level of fermi, therefore, it is metallic behaviour. C) Tandem of
TiS2 and TiSe2, shows a metallic behaviour, it can be seen that it crosses the fermi level in the
same zone as the TiSe2 bilayer. The colour scheme is Yellow: Sulphur, Orange: Selenium and
the Grey: Titanium.

As you can see the behaviour of the different bilayers is very similar, but it should be noted that
in the tandem I go through the level of fermi at point M, this happened in the same way in the
TiSe2 bilayer. The results show us that the valence bands increase in the case of the tandem.

Keywords: Storage, Lithium Ion, TiS2, TiSe2

 [P1.079]
CO oxidation catalysed by silicon nanowires: a DFT investigation
1 1 1 2 1
J.E. Santana* , F. de Santiago , A. Miranda , L.A. Pérez , M. Cruz-Irisson
1 2
ESIME-Culhuacán, Mexico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico

An investigation regarding the CO oxidation mechanism at the (110) surface of a Si nanowire is

performed by means of first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Our
results suggest that a CO oxidation reaction can proceed on a Si nanowire, and a four-step
looped mechanism was proposed: (1) the adsorption of O2 molecules followed by (2) the
appearance of the CO molecule, (3) the formation of the first CO2 molecule, and (4) the
oxidation of the silicon surface. For the CO adsorption, the adsorption energy is 0.4 eV, which is
much smaller than that of O2 molecule (2.64 eV). Thus, when the CO/O2 mixture is injected as
the reaction gas, the Si nanowire may be firstly covered by O2 molecules and the presence of
CO molecules will make possible their oxidation. This catalytic activity provides a useful
guidance to design the next generation catalysts for CO oxidation with a low cost and high
activity.

Fig 1. A four-step looped mechanism for CO oxidation reaction on Si nanowire. (1) the
adsorption O2 molecules, (2) the appearance of the CO molecule (3) the formation of the first
CO2 molecule, and (4) the oxidation of the silicon surface. Yellow, white, cyan and red spheres,
represent Si, H, C and O atoms, respectively.

This work was supported by Multidisciplinary Projects SIP-IPN 2016-1770 and 2018-1937; and
UNAM-PAPIIT IN107717. Computations were performed at the supercomputer Miztli of DGTIC-
UNAM (Project LANCAD-UNAM-DGTIC-180), F.S. and J.E.S. would like to thank the
CONACYT and BEIFI-IPN for their scholarships.

Keywords: CO oxidation, Silicon nanowires, DFT, catalysis

 [P1.080]
Cellulose supported Pd-nanoparticles for Heck and Addition reactions
1 1 2 3
M.S. Sarkar* , E.J. O'Reilly , M.L. Rahman , M.M. Yusoff
1 2 3
University of Limerick, Ireland, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia, Universiti Malaysia
Pahang, Malaysia

Natural cellulose was extracted from bio-waste corn-cob materials and it was modified to
poly(hydroxamic) acid chelating ligand through graft copolymerization with methyl acrylate
followed by the treatment with hydroxylamine. Next, the polymeric ligand was treated with
ammonium tetrachloropalladate(II) in water at room temperature for 3h. The poly(hydroxamic)
acid chelating ligand was strongly coordinated with palladium species to give poly(hydroxamic
acid) Pd(II) catalyst. The prepared catalyst was characterized by using IR, TGA, FE-SEM, TEM
and ICP analyses. The Pd(II) catalyst was efficiently catalysed Mizoroki-Heck reaction of
inactivated aryl chlorides with methyl/butyl acrylate and N,N-isopropylacrylamide to give the
corresponding cross-coupling products with high yield. The heteroaryl chlorides were also
promoted cross-coupling reactions to afford the respective products with excellent yields. The
disubstituted aryl chlorides were also smoothly forwarded Mizoroki-Heck reaction to provide the
corresponding coupling products with high yields. The Pd(II) catalyst was further catalysed
Michael-Addition reaction of aromatic alcohols and thiols with a variety of olefins to give the
respective addition products. Interestingly, the catalyst was also efficiently promoted Michael-
Addition reaction of aliphatic/cyclic primary and secondary amines with olefins to afford the
corresponding addition products with excellent yield. Moreover the Pd(II) catalyst could be
separated from the reaction mixture and repeatedly used several times without noticeable
decreased of the yield of the product.

H
Ar Cl Cell H2C C
n Ar
+ R1
N R1
O (32 examples)
O
Pd
O R2
O 2
H N R
N N or X
1 1
R R R1
R2 + or n
C
H
CH2 Cell R1 R
(12 examples) (10 examples)
XH Pd(II) catalyst
R

FE-SEM TEM

Keywords: Cellulose, Corn-cob, Mizoroki-Heck, Michael-Addition

 [P1.081]
Enhanced tensile strength of defluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotube fibers:
Suppression of interfacial slip between nanotubes by cross-linking via defluorination
1 2 2 2 1
H. Nishizaka , Y. Sato , M. Yamamoto , T. Nishida , Y. Sato*
1 2
Tohoku University, Japan, Stella Chemifa Co., Japan

Introduction: Although carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) possess not only low density and high
strength but also excellent flexibility, their tensile strength and elastic modulus are inferior to
that of carbon fibers due to the interfacial slip caused by weak interaction between adjacent
3
nanotubes. Some methods to introduce sp -hybridized covalent bond between CNTs have
3
been reported. However, it is difficult to uniformly introduce sp -hybridized covalent bond into
multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs). Here, we report on the preparation of multi-walled CNTFs
(MWCNTFs) cross-linked by defluorination [1] and their mechanical properties.

Methods: MWCNTFs were fabricated by spinning from vertically aligned MWCNT arrays with a
height of 300 µm [2]. The fibers were fluorinated at a given temperature using a 20%-F2/N2 gas
flow. Subsequently, the fluorinated fibers were defluorinated by annealing at a given
temperature in an argon gas flow. The tensile strength of MWCNTFs was measured by a
tensile tester. In addition, the mechanical properties of individual MWCNTs were measured
using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a nanomanipulator.

Results and Discussion: The tensile strength of the defluorinated MWCNTFs was improved,
indicating the suppression of interfacial slip between MWCNTs by cross-linking via
defluorination. In contrast, the tensile strength of the individual defluorinated MWCNTs
drastically decreased because a large number of vacancy defects were introduced to their
nanotube surface. However, the interfacial strength between MWCNTs was found to increase
by defluorination, from the results of friction tests in which individual overlapped defluorinated
MWCNTs were used as specimens. Thus, the defluorinated MWCNTFs were strengthened
because of enhanced interfacial strength between MWCNTs.

Reference

[1] Y. Sato et al, ACS Nano 2 (2008) 348–356.

[2] M. Zhang et al, Science 306 (2004) 1358–1361.

Keywords: carbon nanotube fibers, tensile strength, defluorination, cross-linking

 [P1.082]
Synaptic Learning Behavior of Multiple-Connected Au Nanogaps Using Electromigration
1 1 1 1 1 2 1
T. Sato* , K. Sakai , K. Minami , S. Tani , M. Ito , M. Yagi , J. Shirakashi
1 2
Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Japan, National Institute of Technology,
Ichinoseki College, Japan

Recently, brain-inspired synaptic devices have attracted attention as an important component

of artificial neural network hardwares. In such devices, synaptic behaviors are emulated by
gradual change in the resistance of the devices[1-3]. Previously, we have reported simple
methods for fabrication of nanogaps and control of the tunnel resistance of nanogaps. We call
this method “activation”[4]. In this method, the gap separation and the tunnel resistance are
reduced by electromigration which is induced by a Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) field emission
current passing through the nanogap electrodes. We also have studied the experimental
implementation of synaptic functions, including Short-Term Plasticity (STP) and Long-Term
Plasticity (LTP) characteristics[2,3], in single Au nanogaps using the activation method with
voltage pulses.

In order to emulate the complex connections in biological circuits, in this study, we investigate
electrical properties and synaptic learning behavior of multiple-connected Au nanogaps
controlled by the activation. First, multiple-connected Au nanogaps having three electrodes,
which are Source, Drain 1 and Drain 2, were fabricated by electron-beam lithography and lift-off
process. After fabricating the devices, the activation using ramped-up voltage was performed in
order to initialize the devices. Then, specific voltage pulses for synaptic learning were
separately applied between Source and Drain 1 (i.e. Path 1) and between Source and Drain 2
(i.e. Path 2). Due to the stimulation of voltage pulses, the current was successfully enhanced,
showing a potentiation of synaptic weight. When the applied pulses were removed, a
spontaneous decay of the current occurred in the case of long interval pulses. This behavior
indicates the relaxation process of STP. When short interval pulses were applied, on the other
hand, the enhancement of current persists for a longer period of time, corresponding to LTP.
These STP and LTP characteristics were observed in each current path. From these results, it
is indicated that synaptic behavior can be achieved in multiple-connected Au nanogaps using
activation method.

Reference

[1] T. Ohno, T. Hasegawa, T. Tsuruoka, K. Terabe, J. K. Gimzewski and M. Aono, Nature

Mater. 10 (2011) 591.

[2] Z. Wang, S. Joshi, S. E. Savel’ev, H. Jiang, R. Midya, P.Lin, M. Hu, N. Ge, J. P. Strachan, Z.
Li, Q. Wu, M. Barnell, G. Li, H. L. Xin, R. S. Williams, Q. Xia and J. J.Yang, Nature Materials 16
(2017) 101.

[3] P. Feng, W. Xu, Y. Yang, X. Wan, Y. Shi, Q. Wan, J. Zhao and Z. Cui, Adv. Funct. Mater. 27
(2017) 1604447.

[4] S. Kayashima, K. Takahashi, M. Motoyama and J. Shirakashi, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 46 (2007)
L907.

Keywords: Nanogap, Electromigration, Synaptic Device

 [P1.083]
Surface chemistry of TiAlN HPPMS hard coatings under conditions of polymer
processing
1 2 1 3 3 1
S. Schwiderek* , M. Wiesing , C. Theile Rasche , S. Aghaie , J.M. Schneider , G. Grundmeier
1 2 3
University of Paderborn, Germany, IFAM, Germany, RWTH Aachen, Germany

High power pulsed magnetron sputtered TiAlN hard coatings show advanced properties as
wear resistant coatings on tool steels for polymer melt processing applications. The interfacial
adhesion of the processed polymer or its degradation products as well as the corrosion
resistance of the hard coating are strongly affected by surface passive films formed under
ambient and process conditions [1-3]. The surface composition of HPPMS-deposited TiAlN hard
coatings depend on deposition parameters and post-deposition surface treatments. E.g.
thermal, electrochemical, or plasma treatments in oxygen containing gas phases lead to a
variation in the oxygen concentration and Ti/Al-metal ion ratio of the surface near region [1, 2].
In the here presented work, AFM-based single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) was
employed for analysing reactive surface sites on TiAlN thin films with varying surface
composition (see figure).

Schematic of a SMFS measurement showing

surface domains of different chemistry

Furthermore, the adsorption of a fluorophosphonic acid monolayer led to a lowered surface

energy and the formation of ultra-thin barrier films. The latter effectively hinders the polymer
adsorption at the oxynitride interface. The combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(XPS), electrochemical analysis and contact angle measurements allowed for the correlation
between the tailored surface chemistry and the surface reactivity.

In conclusion, the analysis of both the surface near region and the surface reactivity of HPPMS
films enables the prediction of macroscopic system behaviour and the deposition of tailored
films with optimised properties.

References:

[1] Combined Electrochemical and Electron Spectroscopic Investigations of the Surface

Oxidation of TiAlN HPPMS Hard Coatings. M. Wiesing, M. to Baben, J. M. Schneider, T. de los
Arcos, and G. Grundmeier, Electrochimica Acta (2016), 208, 120–128

[2] The Thermal Oxidation of TiAlN High Power Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering Hard
Coatings as Revealed by Combined Ion and Electron Spectroscopy. M. Wiesing, T. de los
Arcos, and G. Grundmeier, Advanced Materials Interfaces (2017), 4, 1600861

[3] UHV AFM based colloidal probe studies of adhesive properties of VAlN hard coatings.
M. Wiesing, T. de los Arcos, and G. Grundmeier, Applied Surface Science (2018), 428, 767-774
Acknowledgement:

The authors acknowledge the financial support by the German Research Foundation (DFG)
within the transregional collaborative research centre TR 87.

Keywords: HPPMS, Hard Coating, SMFS

 [P1.084]
Effects of different electrolyte and electrical parameters on micro arc oxidation coatings’
on high temperature properties
1,2 1 1 1
E. Selvi* , M. Baydogan , F. Muhaffel , Y. Yurekturk
1 2
Istanbul Technical University, Turkey, Yalova University, Turkey

In this study AZ91 alloys were MAOed in 3 different electrolyte consisted of Phosphate, Silicate,
Aluminate and Zirconium compound and electrical parameters (Voltage, Duty cycle) to
synthesize the thickest coating without spallation. Then, microstructure, phase, elemental and
roughness analysis of coatings were conducted by SEM, XRD, EDS and profilometer test.
Moreover, thermal shock test, pullout test and Vickers hardness test were conducted to
investigate mechanical and high temperature properties of coatings. It was seen that the
highest coating thickness were synthesized in Na2SiO3, K2ZrF6 containing electrolyte however,
highest thermal shock crack width and number were observed in coatings which were produced
in this electrolyte. Thickness of coatings which were generated in electrolyte A (Na2SiO3,
Na2ZrO3), electrolyte B (NaAlO2, Na3PO4, K2ZrF6) were measured as 12 and 45 µm. Besides,
22, 45, 57 µm coating thickness were obtained in electrolyte C (Na2SiO3, K2ZrF6) at 400-60 V,
480-72 V at 40% duty cycle, 480-72 V at 60% duty cycle respectively. Pullout test showed that
coatings were fractured from cohesive region and so it was concluded that coatings were well
adhered to the substrate. However, coatings’ cohesive strength decreased with the increased
thickness. Coatings were produced in electrolyte C had the hardest value and hardness of
coatings were increased with the increased electrical parameters (voltage, duty cycle).

Keywords: Mg alloys, Micro Arc Oxidation, Thermal Schock Test, Zirconia

 [P1.085]
Graphene oxide band gap with a variation of oxidation: Experimental and theoretical
conclusion
N. Sharma*, A. Singh
Jamia Millia Islamia, India

In Present work, graphene oxide band gap variation with change of oxidation is studied. The
reduction process changes the oxidation of the graphene oxide. The graphene oxide is
synthesized by hummers method and followed by X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet Visible
spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and SEM-EDX. Graphene oxide is reduced by thermal
(heating), electrical (voltage apply) and chemical method (using Hydrazine hydrate). The
change in oxidation is determine by the carbon to oxygen (C/O) ratio using SEM-EDX
spectroscopy that varies from 4.42 to 1.71, 1.45, 1.93 and band gap varies from 3.81 eV to 2.69
eV, 2.48 eV, 2.89 eV, respectively. Using present experimental parameters, the theoretical
calculation of 5X5 superlattice is made by ab initio DFT calculation. That gives the bandgap
value of graphene oxide 3.47 eV and reduced graphene oxide by thermal, electrical and
chemical reduction are 1.35 eV, 1.21 eV and 1.54 eV, respectively. The knowledge of band gap
tuning with variation of oxidation is essential for the application of graphene oxide in the field of
transparent conductor, Li-ion battery and supercapacitor. Fig.1. shows the band gap value of
graphene oxide determine by (a) tauc plot and (b) DFT calculation.

Fig.1. (a) Tauc plot of graphene oxide using UV-Vis data (b) Band structure of graphene oxide
using ab initio DFT calculation.

Keywords: Graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, UV-Vis spectroscopy, bandgap

 [P1.086]
Preparation and heat protection properties of NiCrAlYSi coatings by AIP technology at
higher temperature
Q. Shi*, M.J. Dai, S.S. Lin, C.B. Wei, H. Li, C.Q. Guo, Y.F. Su, P. Tang, L.P. Xu
Guangdong Institute of New Materials, China

Gas turbine blades which serve in high temperature and hot corrosion atmospheres are
generally made of Ni- and Co-based superalloys. However, the superalloys are not able to
meet both the high-temperature strength and the high-temperature corrosion resistance
simultaneously. As a result, MCrAlY coatings are applied for heat protection. With the
development of the aviation industry, the blades are expected to work in higher temperature.
Therefore, a proficient coating with improved properties in worse service environment will be
required and more attractive for in-service engine components.

In this study, a NiCrAlYSi coating was deposited by arc ion plating on a nickel-based super-
alloy to improve its high temperature oxidation and gas hot-corrosion resistance. After
deposition, vacuum heat treatment was carried and then the coating was subjected to
isothermal oxidation at 1100°C in air up to 200 h. Furthermore, the gas hot-corrosion resistance
o
were estimated at 950 C for 100h in gas of mixed fuel oil and artificial seawater. The
microstructural evolution and interfacial diffusion behaviour studied systematically by using
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive
spectroscope (EDS). The results revealed that a majority phase in the coatings was γ-Ni/γ’-
Ni3Al, including a small amount of α-Cr/β-NiAl. After the superalloy was coated with NiCrAlYSi
coatings, a protective α-Al2O3 scale was formed on the coatings. During oxidation process, the
Cr-riched phase can gather at the interface of coatings and substrate, preventing the inner
diffusion of Al. Therefore, the excellent heat protection properties of NiCrAlYSi coatings in a
higher temperature were obtained. Although dense α-Al2O3 scale did not observed after 100h
gas hot corrosion processes, it still possessed good corrosion resistance.

Keywords: NiCrAlYSi coatings, High temperature oxidation resistance, gas hot corrosion
resistance, Arc ion plating
 [P1.087]
Ultrasonic nano-crystal surface modification to high-speed tool steel deposited using
direct energy deposition
1 1 2 1
M.S. KIM , W.J. Oh , S.H. Park , D.S. Shim*
1 2
Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Republic of Korea, Pusan National University, Republic
of Korea

Because the high-speed tool steel AISI M4 has considerable hardness and high resistance to
abrasive conditions, it can be applied to the hardfacing of highly loaded press dies through
laser-assisted melting deposition. However, tensile residual stress in the deposited M4 may
reduce the fatigue performance and shorten the tool life. For this reason, ultrasonic
nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) technology can be used not only to induce the
compressive residual stress by applying severe plastic deformation onto the material surface
but also to improve the wear-resistance of the product by refining the surface texture.
Therefore, in this study, we investigated the changes that occur in the metallurgical and
mechanical properties of laser-deposited M4 specimens after UNSM treatment. For the
experiments, M4 powders were deposited on cold-work die steel AISI D2 through direct energy
deposition (DED), and the surface of the deposited M4 was treated by UNSM. Microscopic
observation revealed that the structure of DEDed M4 was nano-crystallized as a result of
UNSM treatment. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the austenite in DED M4 was
transformed into a martensite after UNSM processing. Analysis of the change in full width at
half maximum showed that the size of the grain decreased by 25.8%. As a result of these
changes in metallurgical characteristics, the hardness of DEDed M4 increased 24.1% from
previously. After ball-on-disk wear tests, it was found that the wear rate of DEDed M4
specimens was 68.3% lower than that of heat-treated D2. In addition, the wear rate of DEDed
M4 was reduced to 85.7% through UNSM treatment. Meanwhile, the surface roughness was
reduced by up to 88.3%, and a micro-dimple shape was realized on the DEDed M4 surface.
This study thus showed that the UNSM technique can be applied to a DEDed M4 surface to
enhance its metallic and mechanical properties.

Keywords: direct energy deposition, Ultrasonic nano-crystal surface modification, wear,

hardness
 [P1.088]
Phosphorus surface pile-up using multi-pulse nanosecond laser annealing
H.S. Shin*, H-Y. Ryu, D.H. Shin, H.L. Cho, D-H. Ko
Yonsei university, Republic of Korea

Recently, the proportion of contact resistance in the series resistance of devices has increased
as transistor sizes have been scaled down. Contact resistivity of 10−9 Ω·cm is required for
7~10 nm FinFET devices. Minimizing the contact resistivity is important for good device
performance. For low contact resistivity, diffusionless annealing is used to keep dopant at
surface. However, diffusionless annealing cannot be achieved with conventional annealing.
Therefore, several research groups have utilized millisecond laser annealing for diffusionless
dopant activation and of 10−9 Ω·cm contact resistivity was achieved in highly phosphorous-
doped silicon using millisecond laser annealing.

In this study, we investigated nanosecond laser annealing on phosphorus doped silicon.

Nanosecond laser annealing have advantage in thermal budget, because of its very short dwell
time. Samples were annealed with a laser wavelength of 248 nm, pulse width of 24 ns and
various energy densities. Some samples were annealed with single pulse laser and the others
were annealed with multi-pulse laser. After laser annealing, we analyzed the dopant profile with
secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We
also evaluated activated dopant concentration using Hall-effect measurement. It was found that
the phosphorus was well activated without diffusion, and piled up at surface with multi-pulse
nanosecond laser annealing as shown in figure below. Piled-up phosphorus will result in low
contact resistivity. This study will provide guidance for phosphorus surface pile-up and dopant
activation with multi-pulse nanosecond laser annealing.

Keywords: Nano-second laser, Laser annealing, Phosphorus, Pile-up

 [P1.089]
Electrical properties of a P3HT thin-film transistor under light absorption
1 1 2 2 1
H. Shin* , D. Kim , H. Lee , J. Park , J-S. Choi
1 2
Hongik University, Republic of Korea, Hallym University, Republic of Korea

The electrical properties of solution-processed Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) thin-film

transistors were investigated under various light irradiation wavelengths for the development of
solution processed photo-electric transistors. This organic semiconductor, which is mainly used
in the organic solar cells, has high photo-reactivity and solubility. The irradiated light conditions
were determined from the absorbance of the film and energy level of the material, and changes
in electrical properties were analyzed under light irradiation at these wavelengths. According to
the absorbance spectrum, the absorbance of this material is highest at 515 nm, and the energy
band gap is known to be about 1.9 eV. Based on this research, the region of higher current in
the film is related to the energy level of this material rather than the absorption wavelength and
as the light in the high energy region is irradiated for a longer time, the current increases. In this
paper, we will discuss in detail the electrical characteristics of the irradiation time for various
wavelengths and the current dependence of the energy above the energy level of HOMO and
LUMO.

Fig 1. Schematic device structure of P3HT based thin-film transistor under light irradiation.

Keywords: Thin-Film Transistor, Organic TFT, P3HT, Phototransistor

 [P1.090]
A DFT study of metal support interaction between Ptn and titania surface
1 1 2 1
A. Sihag* , T. Ssu-Han , M. Dyer , H.Y.T. Chen
1 2
National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, University of Liverpool, UK

Metal support interaction plays an important role in heterogeneous catalysis where the size and
geometries of metal cluster deposited could influence the metal support interaction and thus
their catalytic activity. Titania, being a reducible support, is considered to explore such
interactions and understand its effect on catalysis mechanism. We present a comparative DFT
study of Ptn cluster interaction with two different polymorphs of titania (TiO2); anatase (101) and
rutile (110) surface. Rutile is reported to be thermodynamically more stable in bulk phase but
anatase is studied more widely and is proven to be more efficient for catalysis. Ptn cluster
3+
transfers charge to TiO2 surface with Ti atoms getting reduced to form Ti . The metal-metal (Pt-
Pt) and metal-support (Pt-Ti, Pt-O) interactions governs the geometry transformation and the
stability of Ptn cluster on titania surface. The cohesive energy of Ptn increases with increase in
cluster size which, along with its binding energy, plays a crutial role in the catalytic reaction
mechanism. The metal support interaction is found to increase with the increase in cluster size
as the contact area of Ptn cluster with the surface increases. Our study provides a useful insight
into the fundamentals of metal support interaction and its impact on catalytic properties with
different cluster size.

Keywords: Metal support interaction, catalysis, Density Functional Theory, ab-initio calculations
 [P1.091]
The study of first-principles calculation of ZnO/N-doped ZnO heterojunction
1 1,2 1,2 4
P. Sikam* , P. Moontragoon , T. Kaewmaraya , Z. Ikonic
1 2
Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for
3
Energy (IN-RIE), Research Network of NANOTEC- KKU (RNN), Thailand, Thailand Center of
4
Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, Thailand, University of Leeds, UK

One of popular materials studied to apply as a photocatalyst is ZnO. The ZnO gets enormous
attention because the band gap (Eg) of the ZnO is corresponding to the Sun radiation. More
than few decades, researchers attempt to improve properties of the ZnO for more efficiency
application, including this work. Here, the ZnO/N-doped ZnO heterojunction is modelled. This
heterojunction is another expected material to enhance photocatalytic performance of the ZnO.
First-principles calculation under VASP code is employed as an important tool for this study.
Then, density of states and band structures of these will be studied and lead to ZnO/N-doped
ZnO heterojunction modelling, using the Eg, conduction band minimum and valence band
maximum of the ZnO and N-doped ZnO. From the study, the difference of Eg of two structures is
observed and there is found gap offset when the ZnO and N-doped ZnO are connected. Thus,
the obtained heterojunction is anticipated that it would show more appreciate optical properties
than the single ZnO and could improve photocatalytic activity of the ZnO.

Keywords: ZnO/N-doped ZnO heterojunction,, band alignment,, First-principles calculation

 [P1.092]
Electromagnetic response of graphene nanoribbons in planar array configuration: a time-
dependent density functional approach
1 2 1
A. Sindona* , M. Pisarra , P. Riccardi
1 2
Università della Calabria, Italy, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Spain

The recent ability to manipulate graphene-like structures at the atomic scale is leading to a
number of challenges in electronics and photonics, where a key issue is the different role played
by the bulk and the edges of the low-dimensional systems, generating peculiar and interfering
charge-carrier density oscillations [1]. On the other hand, currently synthesized nanoribbon
sizes are making it possible to test the predictive power of ab intio approaches, relying on time-
dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), which have already explained how a two-
dimensional (surface) and a one-dimensional (edge) plasmons are generated and interact in the
narrowest nanoribbons (less than 1 nm wide), on a range of energies suitable for photonic
applications [2]. Here, we present a comprehensive TDDFT analysis of graphene nanoribbon
arrays as wide as 3 nm, extending the above mentioned previous results in the optical band,
and focussing on the excitation and propagation of (intraband) plasmon waves on the terahertz
band. The latter produce a resistive response that resembles what is expected for graphene,
though it has a markedly different shape and broadening. We, finally, present an effective
numerical expression for the nanoribbon conductivity, which turns to be consistent with our ab
initio computations in the terahertz regime, where graphene-like models clearly fail, thus
stressing the crucial role of ab initio simulations to access the terahertz plasmonics of recently
synthesized, few-atom materials.

[1] Z. Fei et al., Nano Lett. (12), 8271-8276 (2015); L. Talirz et al., ACS Nano (2), 1380-1388
(2017); J. P. Llinas et al., Nat. Commun. , 633-639 (2017);

[2] C. Vacacela Gomez et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. , 116801 (2016); M. Pisarra et al, Phys. Rev. B ,
035440 (2016); A. Sindona et al, Phys. Rev. B (20), 201408 (2017); A. Sindona et al., Phys.
Rev. B, 041401 (2018)

Keywords: graphene, plasmons, time-dependent density functional theory, low dimensional

systems
 [P1.093]
Effect of substrate surface conditions on the properties of AlCrN coatings deposited by
arc enhanced HiPIMS technique
A. Singh*, S. Ghosh, S. Aravindan
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

The current study investigates the effect of altered substrate conditions on the AlCrN film
properties. The modification in the substrate was carried out with the help of micro abrasive
blasting technique by varying blasting pressure. The effect of such conditions was quantified in
terms of surface energy and residual stress variation. Surface energies of these substrates was
later correlated with the adhesion of the deposited films. Measurement of the residual stresses
over these surfaces was done using the XRD-cosα technique in order to understand the
behaviour of the substrate subjected to micro abrasive blasting. AlCrN coatings were deposited
using novel hybrid arc evaporation enhanced high power impulse magnetron sputtering on
cemented carbide inserts. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the deposited films
were characterized utilizing the scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, nano
indentation and Rockwell hardness test. X-ray diffraction technique was utilized for determining
the altered phases, crystallite size and lattice strain. Micro abrasive blasting of the substrates
resulted in an increase in the polar phase surface energies of the samples in comparison to the
untreated samples making them more hydrophilic in nature. The obtained results are in
conjunction with the improved adhesion properties of film for micro blasted samples. Scanning
electron microscopy revealed denser coating structure for the samples that were micro blasted.
The improved coating structure helped in significant improvement in the surface and sub-
surface properties of the samples in terms of hardness, crystallite size and lattice strain. The
results clearly demonstrate the usefulness of the micro abrasive blasting as a substrate
modification technique even for the coatings deposited using modern day techniques.

Keywords: Micro abrasive blasting, Surface energy, HIPIMS, Residual Stresses

 [P1.094]
Investigation of oxidation behaviour of AlCrN and AlTiN coatings deposited by arc
enhanced HIPIMS technique
A. Singh*, S. Ghosh, S. Aravindan
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

The development of high strength materials results in increasing demands of the cutting tools,
which can sustain extreme conditions for their processing. The current study investigates the
oxidation behaviour of the AlTiN and AlCrN coatings deposited using the novel arc enhanced
HIPIMS technique at elevated temperature. It also aims at finding their usefulness in the
industrial applications. The obtained coatings are not only a successor of the conventional
coatings but can prove to be a viable option in terms of sustainable machining owing to its
improved surface and sub-surface characteristics. Various techniques were utilized to provide
an insight on the surface morphology, surface roughness, and variation in elemental
composition with the varying temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to
determine the oxides formed and change in the phases due to heating. Cross-sectional studies
of the deposited samples were carried out to determine the effect on the sub-layers due to
oxidation. Surface morphology of the AlTiN coatings revealed the formation of flower like
structures at localized sites over the film surface due to oxidation. While no such behaviour was
observed in case of the AlCrN based coatings. Both the coatings exhibited superior oxidation
resistance. Formation of the stable chromium oxides in comparison to aluminium based oxides
proved to superior in terms of blocking oxidation of the coating material in the outer environment
and as well as oxidation of the substrate material. Furthermore elemental analysis of the
samples revealed variation in the original Al/Ti and Al/Cr ratios due to their oxidation at elevated
o
temperatures 800 C.

Keywords: Oxidation, HIPIMS, Surface morphology, Cutting tools

 [P1.095]
Osteoblast differentiation using reduced-graphene oxide on anodized titanium and
graphene oxide nanomaterials
S. Sirivisoot*
King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand

Orthopaedic implants with a reduced-graphene oxide (rGO) coating increase bone ingrowth,
while decreasing susceptibility to bacterial infection and thus implant failures. A titanium dioxide
nanotube array fabricated by anodization on titanium substrates was subsequently deposited
with graphene oxide (GO) using an anodic electrophoretic deposition technique. The chemical
characteristics of the surface coating were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with
curve fitting at the C1 spectra. The findings confirmed that the GO on the anodized titanium
(ATi) was reduced after the electrodeposition process. Osteoblast differentiation was evaluated
based on calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity, and total protein assays. The cell
assays revealed significantly higher alkaline phosphatase (Alp1) activity and total protein levels
on the rGO coating on the ATi (rGO-ATi) in cultures at 7, 14, and 21 days. Calcium deposition
by osteoblasts was significantly increased in the 14-day and 21-day cultures. Intracellular
osteopontin protein was determined using flow cytometry in 14-day cell cultures. Real-time
reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the gene expression of
runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Alpl, bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein
(Bglap), and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1). A glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase
control was also studied after culturing pre-osteoblasts for 14 and 21 days on rGO-ATi, ATi, or
GO. The results indicated that expression of the Spp1 gene, which usually dictates the
osteopontin protein level, was increased in 14-day cultures. The use of rGO-ATi improved the
expression of Alpl, Bglap, and Spp1, which are involved in late stage osteoblast differentiation
of bone matrix mineralization, in 21-day cultures. The results suggest that rGO and ATi have
synergistic effects to increase Spp1 gene expression during osteoblast differentiation in
standard cell culture.

Keywords: graphene oxide, secreted phosphoprotein 1, osteopontin, osteoblasts

 [P1.096]
Estimation of exchange current density for hydrogen evolution reaction of copper
electrode by using the differentiating polarization method
R.S. Situmorang*, O. Seri, H. Kawai
Muroran Institute of Technology, Japan

Tafel extrapolation method (TEM) has been used to estimate the value of the exchange current
density (i0) of the hydrogen evaluation reaction (her). However, in the determination of the i0
from tafel slope region by using the linear relationship between the logarithm of the cathodic
current density (log|i|) and its overvoltage (η) have possibility to improper reading. In addition, it
is important to detail in factor that influence the calculation of i0, such as; physical factor like
solution resistance and oxide film on electrode. The differential polarization method (DPM) was
introduced as a reliable method to estimate the value of the i0. This research investigated and
compared the calculation of i0 of hydrogen evolution reaction on copper electrode by using TEM
and DPM. The experimental condition for hydrogen evolution reaction on copper electrode was
-3
conducted in a 0.5 mol dm sulfuric acid solution, continuously maintained stirring, and bubbled
with hydrogen gas during experiment. Then, the polarization curve that was measured from
experiment is examined by using DPM and TEM. Due to the properly and simple reading of the
Tafel slope region, it was shown that the DPM has future as a reliable method in accurately
reading of the Tafel slope. Moreover, the undesirable physical factor of copper in the
measurement could be eliminated rationally and acceptable.

Keywords: Copper electrode, Hydrogen evolution reaction, Exchange current density,

Polarization Curve
 [P1.097]
Effect of Al on the microstructure and nano-mechanical properties of TaNbHfZr high
entropy metallic glass films
1 1 1 1 1 2
B.R. Song* , Y.H. Li , Z.H. Cong , Y.X. Li , Z.X. Song , J. Chen
1 2
Xi'an Jiaotong University, China, Southeast University, China

TaNbHfZrAl0.60(Al10), TaNbHfZrAl0.72(Al50) and TaNbHfZrAl1.16(Al100) high entropy metallic

glass (HEMG) films were prepared via DC magnetron co-sputtering. Nanoindentation for quasi-
static and nano-impact for dynamic properties were investigated to explore the effect of
Aluminum.

HEMG are amorphous metals with no grain boundary or dislocation. Refactory HEMG films
have promising combination of room temperature and elevated temperature mechanical
properties and oxidation resistance (Senkov et al., Acta Mater., 68 (2014)). Here we investigate
the effect of alloying with Al on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TaNbHfZr
refractory HEMG films.

TaNbHfZrAl(0.60, 0.72, 1.16) HEMG films were prepared via DC magnetron co-sputtering.
Nanoindentation test was carried out at the peak load 5mN with the loading rate of 1mN/s, and
nano-impact tests were performed at the acceleration distance 15µm with acceleration force of
5, 15, 30 and 45mN.

Fig.1 TEM images of Al100.

Fig.2 (a) Nanoindentation hardness and reduced modulus; (b) Top view of nano-impact
impressions.
Fig.1 shows the amorphous microstructure and uniform distributions of elements. Fig.2 (a)
presents that the nanoindentation hardness experiences a slight increase then a drop. And the
surface morphologies of nano-impact impressions show the increasing number of shear bands
as the acceleration force increases even with minor cracks at higher acceleration force for Al10
as shown in fig.2 (b).

Al-Zr has the strongest bonding (Takeuchi et al., Materials Transactions (Takeuchi et al.,
Materials Transactions, 46 (2005)), thus the addition of Al results in increases in the Hardness
and reduced modulus. The degreee of Al-induced strengthening depends on the Al content and
reaches relative maximum for Al50 may due to the uniformer distribution of Al and enhanced
chance to interact with other refractory elements. Larger amount of Al improve the ductility of
TaNbHfZr HEMG films and cracks disappear for Al50 and Al100 at higher impact force.

Keywords: Aluminum, high entropy metallic glass films, nanoindentation, nano-impact

 [P1.098]
Influence of production parameters on hydrophobic sol-gel silica-based coatings
I. Stafecka*, L. Pluduma, K.A. Gross
Riga Technical University, Latvia

Introduction. Superhydrophobicity represents an extreme wetting condition often found in

nature combining a topography and a chemical variation in the surface. The contact angle
maximum for water on a smooth surface is 120°, while micro-textured surfaces can exhibit
contact angles exceeding 150° [1]. Sol-gel is widely used, simple and relatively cheap for
making homogeneous thin coatings of a nanosized features.

Methods. The Stober process for synthesizing silica particles were modified by adding co-
precursor based on method published by Xu et al. [2]. Silica alcosol was prepared using
tetraethylorthosilicate and trimethylethoxysilane precursors diluted in ethanol in the presence of
ammonium hydroxide. The coating was deposited on a stainless steel substrate by dip-coating
technique. Since a diameter of silica particles from the Stober process is controlled by the
relative contribution from nucleation and growth processes [3], the influence of
stirring/sonication, aging duration and drying/calcination temperature on the morphology, shape
and aggregation of the coating was studied by modifying the process in later stages.

Results and discussion. Sonicated air-dried sols showed smaller spheres of 50 nm compared
to stirred, dried sol-gel films consisting of 100 nm spheres (Fig. 1). Sonication lead to
aggregation on the surface, preventing coverage of the surface. Calcination reduced the
particle size by more than 40%. This study followed the change in size and aggregation of the
particles with ageing time. Water contact angle varied between 127-134°, suggesting that a
uniform coverage is not essential to impact a hydrophobic effect.

Fig. 1. SEM images of silica sol-gel coatings exposed to different growing conditions

Acknowledgement. This work has been supported by the ERDF project No.1.1.1.1/16/A/129.

[1] Arkles, B. Gelest, 2011, p. 84

[2] Xu, J. et al. Thin Solid Films 2017, 631, 193–199.

[3] Hu, X. et al. Chinese J. Mater. Res., 2010, 24(3), 266–272.

Keywords: hydrophobicity, sol-gel, steel, particle aggregation

 [P1.099]
Evaluation of tungsten surface damage following helium plasma heating
1 1 1 1 1 1
F. Stokker-Cheregi* , C. Stancu , A. Moldovan , A. Matei , R. Birjega , D. Colceag , M.
1 1 1 2
Dinescu , V. Marascu , G. Dinescu , C. Grisolia
1 2
National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Romania, IRFM, CEA, France

The normal functioning of next-generation fusion plasma reactors based on the tokamak design
poses numerous challenges. One such issue is the erosion of key reactor components that are
exposed to high heat fluxes due to plasma interactions. In this study we investigate the damage
suffered by different types of tungsten surfaces following exposure to helium plasma. Our aim is
to develop an experimental approach that achieves a reasonable emulation of the type of
damage suffered by tungsten surfaces inside fusion reactors in order to study changes in their
properties (structural, morphological, compositional, chemical) using a simpler, faster and more
cost-effective method.

The experimental setup used for our tungsten surface irradiation experiments is based on a
hollow cathode (HC) plasma discharge between two parallel tungsten electrodes placed in a
vacuum chamber. The radiofrequency plasma discharge is generated between a fixed tungsten
plate electrode having a thickness of 3 mm and an interchangeable electrode consisting of the
different tungsten samples we want to study (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Schematic of the experimental setup used for plasma heating of tungsten samples.

Different types of tungsten substrates are irradiated using our HC plasma experimental setup.
Changes in the structural, morphological, compositional and chemical properties of their
surfaces are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Figure 2 illustrates the way in which tungsten samples
having different crystallographic properties develop distinct morphological surface features
following exposure to helium HC plasma treatments under similar conditions.
Figure 2. Illustration of surface morphology change for tungsten samples exposed to helium HC
plasma. (Top) W plate sample. (Bottom) W foil sample.

Apart from surface analyses, we are able to estimate erosion rates, which is an important
aspect in terms of fusion reactors applications.

Keywords: plasma-surface interaction, fusion materials, tungsten surfaces

 [P1.100]
Modulation of Fluorescence Radiation for ZnCdS/CdSe Quantum dots by Graphene at
room temperature
D.W. Gao, L. Wang, X.Q. Su*, Y. Pan, S.F. Li, X.H. Han
Beijing University of Technology, China

In this paper, the fluorescence radiation of ZnCdS/CdSe quantum dots (QDs)modulated by

graphene QDs. And the luminescence efficiency of ZnCdS/CdSe QDs (core-shell structure)
with core as CdSe are improved. The phenomena of blue shift and intensity enhancement of
the fluorescence spectrum are obtained. At the same time, the femtosecond transient
absorption experiments are carried out for forming thin films by dropping ZnCdS/CdSe QDs on
glass substrates and doping unequal graphene QDs. The results show that the addition of
graphene can effectively increase the lifetime of photons and provide more energy levels.
Based on the experimental results of transient absorption spectrum, the relationship between
defect states, electron transfer, electron hole recombination and lifetime is discussed. The
modulation effect of graphene QDs is proved in theoretically. In addition, a resonator structure
is designed to realize laser emission at 531.9 nm in a wide range of fluorescence peaks. It will
play an important role in the future research of quantum dot lasers.

Keywords: ZnCdS/CdSe QDs, graphene, lifetime of photons, transient absorption spectrum

 [P1.101]
The thermal Evolution mechanisms of chalcogenide glasses films with large electron
binding energy by in-situ measurements
1 1 1 1 1 2 1
X.Q. Su* , D.W. Gao , S.F. Li , Y. Pan , X.W. Han , R.P. Wang , L. Wang et al
1 2
Beijing University of technology, China, Australian National University, Australia

To study the effects of thermal annealing on the structure of GexAsySe1–x–y thin films, the
thermal evolution of these films was measured by the in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) up to
-1
temperature (773K or 1073K) in vacuum (10 Pa). Using in-situ XRD, the entire process of
crystallization can be observed,which is from appearing crystal structure to melting liquid-state
and ultimately to disappearing of amorphous structure.In the crystallized process, the
corresponding state-transition temperatures Tx, Tl, Tp are linear with MCN. In order to obtain
information about changes in the amorphous structural origin of the anneal-induced, the
samples were analyzed by in-situ Raman spectroscopy. Analysis of the results through
decomposing the Raman spectra into different structural units showed that the Ge–Ge, As–As
or Se-Se homopolar bonds as the nonequilibrium minority carriers can be found in films. It
appears that the formation of these bonds cannot be completely suppressed in any case, as
one falls and another rises.

Keywords: in-situ measures, Chalcogenide glasses

 [P1.102]
Printing of shape and size versatile electrodes on paper/ fabric substrates for thin and
flexible battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems
P. Sundriyal*, S. Bhattacharya
IIT Kanpur, India

The recent developments of the flexible and miniaturized electronic devices have increased the
need for compact and thin film energy storage systems. The advancement of the flexible and
high-performance supercapacitor/ batteries is at the initial stage of the development, and their
practical applications are limited due to their low energy /power densities and poor scalability.
The energy storage systems can be greatly improved by combining the battery and
supercapacitors in a single device while the printing methods are gaining much attention for
fabricating the scalable devices. Here we report an inkjet printed battery-supercapacitor hybrid
energy storage device over the paper/fabric substrates. The silver nanoparticle ink was used to
form the conducting matrix over paper/ fabric substrates, coffee- waste derived carbon ink as
the positive electrode, Bi2O3 ink as the negative electrode and LiCl- PVA ink as the electrolyte.
All the inks were prepared in the water-based solution, and their physical properties (surface
tension, viscosity, and density) were controlled to get the optimum inverse Ohnesorge number
(4 to 14). The material characterization using FESEM, XRD, and XPS confirms the successful
development of the electrode materials. The electrochemical performance was evaluated by
cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles. The electrochemical profile of
the printed Bi2O3 electrode exhibits a battery like behavior while the coffee-waste derived
carbon electrode shows the nature of electric double layer supercapacitor. The full device
shows a stable voltage window of 1.6 V in the LiCl- PVA solid-state electrolyte. The device
2
displayed a high areal capacitance of 1.4 F/cm (1024 F/g), the high energy density of 40
3 3
mWh/cm , the high power density of 5.2 W/cm , excellent flexibility, and good cycle life. The
reported flexible energy storage devices have a huge potential for advancing the next
generation of flexible/ wearable electronics.
Keywords: Battery- Supercapacitor hybrid energy storage, Printing, Flexible electronics, Bio-
waste derived carbon
 [P1.103]
Comparison of crystalline V2O5 and low-temperature V-oxide pigmented films
A.K. Surca*, G. Dražić, M. Mihelčič
National Institute of Chemistry, Slovenia

Production of flexible electrochromic devices through roll-to-roll continuous deposition is

considered to have a potential in diminishing the production cost. Anyhow, deposition of films
on electronically conductive polymeric foils demands substantially lower temperatures than
needed for preparation of crystalline structures of transition metal oxides, including crystalline
V2O5 (400 °C). With the aim to prepare low-temperature V-oxide film with V2O5 nanoparticles, a
dispersion of commercial crystalline V2O5 powder was made using milling and spin-coated on
either polymeric foils or FTO glass and heated at 150 °C. The performance of V-oxide films was
compared with crystalline V2O5 films used as a model compound. The crystalline films were
made from vanadium (V) tri-n-propoxide oxide/isopropanol sol using sol-gel route, spin-coating
deposition and heating at 400 °C.

TEM and XRD analyses showed that V2O5 nanocrystallites were embedded in the amorphous
phase in low-temperature V-oxide films. The electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS)
5+
confirmed the presence of the V oxidation state in the nanoparticles. The profound in situ UV-
visible absorbance spectroelectrochemical studies were made to evaluate the electrochromic
properties of films. It was noted that the transmittance of V-oxide films increased with cycling
4+ 5+
due to transformation of initially present V to V . In such a way pre-bleached V-oxide film was
used for the assembly of an EC device with substoichiometric NiOx film and ormolyte as an
electrolyte.

The structural changes that occurred in the low-temperature V-oxide and crystalline V2O5 films
during intercalation/deintercalation were investigated using three types of ex situ techniques:
Near Grazing Incidence Angle IR absorption-reflection, IR absorbance and Raman
spectroscopies. All three techniques revealed the red shift of the vanadyl stretching mode that
agreed with a commonly reported increase in the interlayer distance along c-axis of V2O5.
Moreover, IR spectroscopy revealed the changes in the bridging oxygen that connects double
chains of vanadium square pyramids.

Keywords: V-oxide, electrochromics, ex situ IR spectroelectrochemistry, ex situ Raman

spectroelectrochemistry