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AQA 7405 - 1 Final MS Jun21 v1.0
AQA 7405 - 1 Final MS Jun21 v1.0
CHEMISTRY
7405/1
Paper 1 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
Mark scheme
June 2021
Version: 1.0 Final
*216A74051/MS*
MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the
standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are
required to refer these to the Lead Examiner.
It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and
expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark
schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of
assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination
paper.
Copyright information
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Copyright © 2021 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
2. Emboldening
2.1 In a list of acceptable answers where more than one mark is available ‘any two from’ is
used, with the number of marks emboldened. Each of the following bullet points is a
potential mark.
2.2 A bold and is used to indicate that both parts of the answer are required to award the
mark.
2.3 Alternative answers acceptable for a mark are indicated by the use of OR. Different terms
in the mark scheme are shown by a / ; eg allow smooth / free movement.
3. Marking points
3.1 Marking of lists
This applies to questions requiring a set number of responses, but for which students
have provided extra responses. The general ‘List’ principle to be followed in such a
situation is that ‘right + wrong = wrong’.
Each error / contradiction negates each correct response. So, if the number of error /
contradictions equals or exceeds the number of marks available for the question, no
marks can be awarded.
However, responses considered to be neutral (often prefaced by ‘Ignore’ in the mark
scheme) are not penalised.
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
Incorrect
Correct answers (ie
Mark (2) Comment
answers incorrect rather
than neutral)
1 0 1
They have not exceeded the maximum
1 1 1 number of responses so there is no
penalty.
They have exceeded the maximum number
1 2 0 of responses so the extra incorrect
response cancels the correct one.
2 0 2
2 1 1
2 2 0
3 0 2 The maximum mark is 2
The incorrect response cancels out one of
3 1 1 the two correct responses that gained
credit.
Two incorrect responses cancel out the two
3 2 0
marks gained.
3 3 0
3.4 Equations
In questions requiring students to write equations, state symbols are generally ignored
unless otherwise stated in the ‘Comments’ column.
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
Examiners should also credit correct equations using multiples and fractions unless
otherwise stated in the ‘Comments’ column.
3.5 Oxidation states
In general, the sign for an oxidation state will be assumed to be positive unless
specifically shown to be negative.
3.8 Brackets
(…..) are used to indicate information which is not essential for the mark to be awarded
but is included to help the examiner identify the sense of the answer required.
3.11 Reagents
The command word ‘Identify’, allows the student to choose to use either the name or the
formula of a reagent in their answer. In some circumstances, the list principle may apply
when both the name and the formula are used. Specific details will be given in mark
schemes.
The guiding principle is that a reagent is a chemical which can be taken out of a bottle or
container. Failure to identify complete reagents will be penalised, but follow-on marks
(eg for a subsequent equation or observation) can be scored from an incorrect attempt
(possibly an incomplete reagent) at the correct reagent. Specific details will be given in
mark schemes.
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
• the cyanide ion or CN– when the reagent should be potassium cyanide or KCN;
• the hydroxide ion or OH– when the reagent should be sodium hydroxide or NaOH;
• the Ag(NH3)2+ ion when the reagent should be Tollens’ reagent (or ammoniacal silver
nitrate). In this example, no credit is given for the ion, but credit could be given for a
correct observation following on from the use of the ion. Specific details will be given in
mark schemes.
In the event that a student provides, for example, both KCN and cyanide ion, it would be
usual to ignore the reference to the cyanide ion (because this is not contradictory) and
credit the KCN. Specific details will be given in mark schemes.
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
CH3 C C C OH C C
CH3 CH3CH2 OH
NH2 NO2
NH2 C C
NH2
NH2
CN C C COOH C C C
CN COOH COOH
not allowed not allowed not allowed not allowed not allowed
CHO C C C COCl C C
not allowed not allowed not allowed not allowed not allowed
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
• In most cases, the use of ‘sticks’ to represent C ─ H bonds in a structure should not be
penalised. The exceptions to this when “sticks” will be penalised include
• structures in mechanisms where the C ─ H bond is essential (eg elimination
reactions in halogenoalkanes and alcohols)
• when a displayed formula is required
• when a skeletal structure is required or has been drawn by the candidate.
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
. . Br
H3C Br H3C .. Br H3C
_ .._
: OH OH
For example, the following would score zero marks
H3C C Br
HO H
When the curly arrow is showing the formation of a bond to an atom, the arrow can go
directly to the relevant atom, alongside the relevant atom or more than half-way towards
the relevant atom.
In free-radical substitution:
• the absence of a radical dot should be penalised once only within a clip.
• the use of half-headed arrows is not required, but the use of double-headed arrows or
the incorrect use of half-headed arrows in free-radical mechanisms should be
penalised once only within a clip.
The correct use of skeletal formulae in mechanisms is acceptable, but where a C-H bond
breaks, both the bond and the H must be drawn to gain credit.
Determining a level
Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer
meets the Chemistry content descriptor for that level. The descriptor for the level indicates the
qualities that might be seen in the student’s answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level, then
go to the next one and decide if it meets this level, and so on, until you have a match between the
level descriptor and the answer.
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick
holes in small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well
as the rest. If the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you
should use a best fit approach for defining the level.
Once the level has been decided, the mark within the level is determined by the communication
statement:
• If the answer completely matches the communication descriptor, award the higher mark within
the level.
• If the answer does not completely match the communication descriptor, award the lower mark
within the level.
The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help you to determine the appropriate
level. There will be an exemplar in the standardising materials which will correspond with each
level of the mark scheme and for each mark within each level. This answer will have been
awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can compare the student’s answer with the
exemplar to determine if it is the same standard, better or worse than the example. You can then
use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead Examiner’s mark on the exemplar.
You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify
points and assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate.
Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to
be exhaustive and you must credit other chemically valid points. Students may not have to cover
all of the points mentioned in the indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme.
The mark scheme will state how much chemical content is required for the highest level.
An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks.
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
M1 Ca(s) + Cl 2(g)
Ignore states on electrons 1
M1 –795 + LE = 193 + 590 +1150 + ( 2 x 121) + (2 x –364) Numbers and factors used correctly from cycle 1
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
Mark as rows
Number of Number of Number of
protons neutrons electrons 1
46Ti 22 24 22
02.2 1
49Ti2+ 22 27 20
Allow
Let 49Ti be y
M1 47.8 = (46 x 2) + ( 47 x 2) + (48 x n) + 49 1
M1 47.8 = (46 x 2y) + ( 47 x 2y) + (48 x (100 – 5y))+ (49 x y) (5 + n)
100
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
Al2O3 1
03.4
Al2O3 + 3 H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2O 1
Ignore state symbols
or Al2O3 + 6 H+ → 2 Al 3+ + 3 H2O
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
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4.1
Level 3:
8 statements from 3 stages for 6 marks
Level 2:
5 statements from all 3 stages for 4 marks
Level 1:
2 or 3 or 4 statements from any 2 stages for 2 marks
(Zn ions) have only one oxidation state Allow doesn’t have variable oxidation state
04.3 Or Allow cannot be oxidised to Zn3+ 1
Zn2+ is the only ion
Ignore has a full d shell
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark
04.6 1
brown Allow Red/brown but not red alone
2 [Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3 CO32–→ 2 Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 + 3 H2O + 3 CO2 Accept multiples Must be ionic for M3 1
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark
05.2
M3 value seen not just a sum 55.5 max 3 1
M3 total amount (= 0.28 + 0.16 + 0.18) = 0.62 mol 𝑀1
M4 = x 215
𝑀3
M4 partial pressure of SO2 = 0.28 x 215 = 97(.1) (kPa) 1
0.62 4 marks for 97 kPa
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
Allow
[H2O] is (very) large in comparison (to [H+] and
[OH-])
[H2O] is (almost) constant or [H2O] is incorporated in Kw
06.1 1
or Kw = Kc[H2O]
or the equilibrium lies very much to the left.
M1 Equilibrium is endothermic (in forward direction) Ignore more H+ and OH- formed 1
06.2 M2 Equilibrium shifts to the RHS to minimise/oppose
1
temperature increase Do not allow M2 “ shifts to products”
M1 Allow pH = –log[H+]
M1 pH = –log10[H+] 1
M2 [H+]2 = 5.48 × 10−14
M2 [H+] = √5.48 × 10−14 (= 2.34 × 10−7)
1
M3 pH = –log10 M2
M3 pH = –log10 2.34 × 10−7 = 6.63
06.3 6.63 seen award M2 &+ M3 1
M4 Allow equal amounts of H and OH-
M4 [H+] = [OH–]
or 1
Dissociation of each water molecule gives one H+
and one OH–
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
06.6
Or Or wtte
(Very little pH change per cm3 added at start) large change in pH do not credit ideas of colour changes or neutralisation
(near end point) or rapid changes in pH
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
M3 [OH–] = (3.50 10–3) ÷ (61.25 10–3) (= 5.71 10–2 mol) M3 [OH–] = (M2) ÷ (61.25 10–3) 1
M4 [H+] = 1.00 10–14 ÷ 5.71 10–2 = 1.75 10–13 M4 [H+] = 1.00 10–14 ÷ M3 1
M5 pH = -log10(M4)
M4 p OH = 1.24
M5 pH = 14 – 1.24 = 12.76
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
CO2 / gas is more disordered (than solid) Allow answers based on carbon
07.1 1
Ignore CO2 is a gas and C is a solid
0K Units essential
07.2 must have units! 1
Allow absolute zero OR –273 oC
M1 ΔH = (3 ͯ – 394) –(–1669 x 2)
M1 correct expression 1
M2 = 2156 (kJ mol–1) M2 if –2156 seen allow 1 mark out M1 and M2
1
M3 ΔS = (28 x 4 + 214 x 3) – ( 51 x 2 + 6 x 3) M3 correct expression 1
M4 = 634 (J K–1mol –1) M4 if – 634 allow 1 mark from M4 and M4
1
07.3
M5 ΔG= ΔH – T ΔS or ΔH =T ΔS or T = ΔH ÷ΔS M5 expression or rearranged expression or with 1
numbers
M6 ΔS = 0.634 kJ K–1mol –1 1
M6 ΔS = M4 ÷ 1000
3400 to 3401 K award 7 marks
M7 T = 2156 = 3400 to 3401 (K) 1
0.634 M7 = M2 ÷ M6 but must be a positive answer
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
Any 2 from
298 K or 25 oC
08.2 [H+] = 1 mol dm–3 Ignore 1 atm 1
100 kPa
08.3 [Co(H2O)6]2+ If ambigous charge - do not allow! Do not penalise absence of brackets 1
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
Question Answers Additional comments/Guidelines Mark
E Co3+(/Co2+) > Fe3+(/Fe2+) Watch it isn’t Fe (s) Allow electrode potential for Co3+ greater than for
1
08.5 Fe3+ OR 1.81 > 0.77 / EMF cell = 1.04 V
[Co(H2O)6]3+ + [Fe(H2O)6]2+→ [Co(H2O)6]2+ + [Fe(H2O)6]3+ 1
Insist of reference to E in M1
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY – 7405/1 – JUNE 2021
09.6 Li → Li+ + e– 1
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