Hydrogen storage & techniques

Hydrogen storage refers to the methods used to store hydrogen fuel for use in various
applications, such as transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. There are
several methods for storing hydrogen, including:
Compressed hydrogen gas: This method involves storing hydrogen gas in high-pressure
tanks, typically at pressures ranging from 350 to 700 bar.

Liquid hydrogen: This method involves cooling hydrogen gas to extremely low
temperatures (-253°C) until it becomes a liquid, which can then be stored in cryogenic tanks.
Liquid hydrogen tanks can store 0.07 kg/L of liquid hydrogen.

Solid State (physical- based and electrochemical storage): Physical and electrochemical
hydrogen storage are two mechanisms of solid-state storage. Porous materials have a higher
bulk density and can absorb at lower pressures than accumulators in their compressed and
liquid states, eliminating the safety concerns associated with high pressure accumulators. (1)

Hydrogen can be stored in compressed, liquefied, and solid states. (1)

(1)

Different states of hydrogen storage and corresponding storage techniques.

 Hydrogen Storage in Spain
We will use two ways in storing hydrogen Gaseous state (compressed gas) and Liquid state
(cryo-compressed).
For cryo-compressed storage tanks (liquid state):
In Iberdrola company tanks are built with a particular thickness to resist 60 bar pressure and
hold 2,700 kilograms of hydrogen. Each tank weighs 77 tonnes and has a volume of 133 m3,
dimensions of 23 meters high and 2.8 meters in diameter. Each tank is built of a specific steel
designed to hold hydrogen due to the small size of this particle, and the sheet metal thickness
is 47mm. A primary crane with a capacity of 600 tonnes and an additional crane will be
installed. These tanks are specially designed for long distance transportation, and it transport
hydrogen storage tanks to all Europe.

For compressed gas storage tanks (gas state):

In Lapesa company the type of tanks capacities, design pressure and orientation of tanks, is
usually very variable. Tank for hydrogen pressure storage compressed in gas state, at room
temperature. Cylindrical, horizontal, or vertical installation, no thermal insulation. The design
of the tanks maximum permissible pressure up to 40 bar and the working temperature: -20 ºC
ambient. Manufacturing of the tanks is made of carbon steel, with the necessary controls and
inspections for adequate storage of H2 gas with specific heat treatment for H2. The exterior
finish of the outer surface stripped by shot blast and protected by two coats of paint: primer
of high anticorrosive power and exterior in Reflective white polyurethane.
Hydrogen storage in our city
The above revied technologies are being utilized by the mentioned companies in Spain. After
the production of hydrogen, some amount of hydrogen going to be stored in the same
production site as a liquid in tanks. The method of liquid storage will be the same method
from the first company. In the second stage of the storage there will be a storage and
distribution station near the entrance of the city,