Scope and Sequence a‘ Reading Funct Unit Topic ula ‘unction ra ee Vocabulary 1 |The Gra Webpage — |civi engineering, construction, design, environment, [Asking about Engineer Jgeotechnical engineering, maintenance, municipal experience engineering, structural engineering, water resources lengineering 2 [Numbers and [Chart ada; comes os diido by, equals nied ss, [ApSlognaTor | Basic Math minus, multiply by, over, plus, subtract, times an error 3 [Analyzing Fbook conven, decimal number Facion, mixed number, Asking about — | Quantities excerpt {cut of -, percent, point, quantity, reduce, whole _| progress number 4 [Describing Report | decline, decrease, expand, fluctuate, increase, Describing Change plummet, rse, shrink, skyrocket, stabilize Ichange © [Measurements 1 [Survey acre, area, distance, hectare, imperial, ‘Asking for metric, mile, yard |ciarification 6 [Measurements ® [Conversion |Celsius, Fahrenheit, galion, gram, Kilogram, hey ‘Checking guide pound, temperature, volume, wight accuracy 7 [StUnits Textbook Jamount, ampere, basa unit, cubie moter. cusert, Giving excerpt derived unt, oul, kevin, mote, Stun {a reminder temperature, watt : @ [Large Numbers [Employee |cubed, exponent, integer, ieading | Expressing manual | scientific notation, significant gue, squared, uncertainty to tha nh power taling zero i 9 |Community Newspaper community, expand, growth, neighboriood, projection, [Describing land Regional article —_|reconstruction, region, urban planning, urban sprawi | possibilty Planning 70 Land Use webpage [environmental planning, industal, PEST analys iMakinga Planning proposal, residential, situation, smart growth, strategic. | recommendation planning, sustainable, target 71 [Transportation |Report | bike lane, bus, commuter rai mode choice, rapid Asking for Planning transit, route assignment, subway, trip distribution, trip an opinion generation, walkable 72 [Construction [Product aluminum, brick, cinder block, concrete, glass, limber, [Reviewing Materials 1 isting _ | plastic, rebar, rubber, steo! information 78 [Construction _ [Email itl, conductor, ductile, insulator, malleable, opaque, [Emphasizing Materials 2 plastic, rough, smooth, transparent saint | 14 [Structural FTexibook arch, architecture, beam, catenary, column, element, Expressing Engineering 1 excerpt _|loor, load, pate, shell, structure eee 15 |Stuctural farce earthquake engineering, fagade engineering, fre [Asking for al Engineering 2 engineering, fre exit, hazard, heat loss, sprinkler an example system, tower engineering, wind engineering, withstandUnit 4 - The Civil Engineer . Unit 2 - Numbers and Basic Math Unit 3 - Analyzing Quantities ..... Unit 4 - Describing Change ..... Siecseesesseseie Unit 5 - Measurements 1........... Unit 6 - Measurements 2 ....... Unit 7 - SI Units . Unit 8 - Large Numbers Unit 9 - Community and Regional Planning Unit 10 - Land Use Pisnaing Unit 11 - Transportation Pianning ... Unit 12 - Construction Materials 1 Unit 13 - Construction Materials 2 .......-..006.:000 Unit 14 - Structural Engineering 1...... Unit 15 - Structural Engineering 2 . Glossary . Table of Contents 4 16 ae 18 +20 22 24 26 seveesseeeeee 30 2.32 --34Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1. What are some of the job duties of a civil engineer? 2 What are some types of engineering used when working on projects? Reading @ Read the webpage. Then, mark the following statements as true (7) or false (F). 1 _ The structural engineering sector builds bridges and dams. 2 __ The engineering firm's designs are uniform and identical, 3 __ The structural engineering branch decreases the need for maintenance. Vocabulary © Match the words or phrases (1-5) with the definitions (A-E). 1 __civilengineering 2. __ municipal engineering 3. __ structural engineering Our municipal engineering sector builds streets and , peernaiaieehrey | sidewalks. Each design is unique and practical. The small — geotechnical eng ‘components combine to create one convenient system. | 5 __ water resource engineering We also build bridges and dams. The water resources A the design of structures meant 10 engineering division does this work. Ther structures control the hold weight movement of water efficiently. | B. the design of structures inact” | ees ©), The structural engineering branch analyzes structures that the design that incorporate i ) Support loads. It designs buildings that are strong and materials from the earth | durable. As a result, they require minimal maintenance. | D the design of structures that | control the movement of water Our geotechnical engineering sector selects building ‘or selects buildi | vad bulking :) materials. it also decides where to build a construction. Each | E the designing and building ‘structure fits naturally into its surrounding environment. physical structures© Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word best fits each blank. 1 construction / design ‘A. The first step in engineering is creating the B The actual building of the structure is the 2. maintenance / environment ‘A The upkeep of structures is B The surroundings of the structures is the @ G@ Listen and read the webpage again. What work does an urban engineer do? Listening © @ Listen to a conversation between an interviewer and a civil engineer. Check (/) the information that is mentioned during the interview. 1 Work experience 2 Q Design examples 3 Q Salary 4 Job duties 5 Q Length of time at job @ G Listen again and complete the conversation. Good morning, Ms. Weller. Thank ‘you for coming in for an 4 today. No problem. Thank you for seeing me. Interviewer: First, 'd like to know about your 2 in engineering. Engineer: Well, | worked for a3 firm for five years. Interviewer: That's great. What did you work on specifically there? Engineer: | drafted 4 for buildings. Interviewer: How long did it take you to design each 5 7 It took about 6 ie? each one. Engineer: Engineer: Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. WES like to know about your expé What did you work on there? How long did it take you to ..? Student A: You are an interviewer for an engineering firm. Talk to Student B about: * what experience he or she has + how long he or she worked for past employers ‘duties at his or her previous job Student B: You are a civil engineer. Talk to ‘Student A about your past work experience, Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the interviewer's notes. tea Z _ Interview Questions for Engineering Firm Applicant ‘What is the applicant's name? | How many years of work experience does the applicant have? __ What type of work experience does the applicant have?@ Before you read the Passage, talk about these questions. 1 What are some basic math operations? 2 What are some ways to say the results of mathematical operations? Reading @ Read the chart. Then, mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). 1 _ Ifanumberis ‘over’ another, it indicates a division operation. 2 __ One thousand seven hundred equals ‘seventeen hundred. ‘3 __ ‘Plus’ has the same meaning as ‘multiplied by’. Vocabulary © Match the words or phrases (1-5) with the definitions (A-E). 1 _ divided by 4 __ hundred — plus 5 _ equals — minus 2 3 A. used to indicate addition B Used to combine two numbers to abbreviate ‘numbers in the thousands Used to indicate division used to give the result of a mathematical operation E used to indicate subtraction oo equals, is, comes to plus, add minus, less, subtract divided by, over Two thousand three hundred or twenty-three hundred @ Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word or phrase best fits each blank. 1 is/times A Five six equals thirty. B Fifty plus twenty-five _____ seventy: five. 2 over / multiplied by A Thirty-two. four equals ett. B Twenty five equals one hundred, 3 added / subtracted A Twelve rom twenty-four equals twelve. 6 B Nine to thiny-one comes forty. 4 less/comes to ‘A. Four plus eight twelve. B Ten____three equals seven. —@ G@ Listen and read the chart again. What terms are used to indicate multiplication? Listening é fen to a conversation between two engineers. Choose the correct answers. 1. What error did the woman make? A. She did not add conecty B She used the wrong mathematical operation. © She recorded the length and width incorecty. D She forgot to submit the calculations on time. 2 What will the woman likely do next? A ask for advice on which operation to use B apologize to the man for her error © correct her mistake and resubmit the calculations D_ measure the length and width of the canal area again @ G Listen again and complete the conversation. Hey, do you have 1 : Sure. What's going on? oO 1 | was just looking over your 2 forthe canal project. Okay. Is there a__with them? ‘Yes, you didn't calculate the 4 comocty Oh, no, What did I do wrong? You were supposed to 5. the length times the width. You added them instead. I'm so sorry, | can't believe | made that mistake Il recalculate it using the Engineer 2: Engineer 4: Engineer 2: Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. ‘Do you have. Iwas just looking over... I'm so sorry... ‘Student A: You are a civil engineer. Talk to Student B about: + whether or not he or she has time to talk ‘the calculations forthe project ‘+ the mathematical error he or she made Student B: You are a civil engineer. Talk to Student A about your error. Writing @ Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the civil engineer's email. Dear Erich, (Once again, | apologize for Vhve ‘The new calculation is the correct Thank you, “Analyzing Quantities LEDER COLT Aen Tay Loe show the same OE Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. ‘+ Fraction: 4 (said ‘one halt’) + Decimal: .5 (said + 11 What are three different methods to express. a quantity that is a part of a whole? int five’ oF ‘five: Ney + Percent: 50%6 (said ‘ity percent’) 2 How is conversion made between these different methods? Percent to decimal, decimal to percent: Since a percent is out of 100, iis single = Convert from a decimal. .20 is 20/100, orzo Conversely, 70% equals 70/100, or 70, fraction to percent: Itis simpler to convert a fraction toa decimal ig, Reduce the fraction unless you are using calculator. Divide the top number of the fraction by the bottom whole number. So for, de | one by four. The result is .25, oF 2595, This metog does not work with mixed numbers. Mixed fractions need to be simplified, then reduced, a Vocabulary © Match the words or phrases (1-4) with he definitions (A-D). Reading 1 _ point 3 __ percent quantity, @ Read the textbook excerpt. Then, mark the 2 _ oot ioe following statements as true (T) or false (F). A. the amount of something 1 __ 3/4is equal to.6. B anumber out of one hundred 2 _ 2is equalto 15. © the dot ina decimal number 3 __ 80% is the same as .08, Dan expression for talking about parts —. a, ~ @ Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word or phrase Speaking beet Ria each blank With a partner, act out the 1. decimal number / fraction roles below based on Task 7. ‘A Anumber that represents both wholes and parts of a whole ‘Then, switch roles, Se a TES ne B A number written with one number on top and another on bottomisa " How are your current projects aan going? 2 convert/ reduce How far along ..? A To___a fraction isto put it in smallest terms, One is about. B To ‘a number is to change its form. 3° whole number / mixed number ‘Student A: You are a supervisor. it B about: ‘A Anumber that is not missing any pieces is a _ Talkto Student 8 at —— + how his or her current B_ Anumber that has whole pieces and partsis a = projects are coming along i * ifthe projects are ahead of or © G Listen and read the textbook excerpt again. How behind schedule can a fraction, a decimal, and a percent show the same ; + what percent ofthe projects quantity? is already complete Listening © @ Listen to a conversation between a supervisor and an engineer. Mark the following statements as true (T) ‘Student B: You are an engineer. Talk to Student A about your progress in completing the or false (F). projects. 1. __ The man has one project behind schedule and two right on schedule. 2 __ Two of the projects are about 50% complete. Writing 3. __ One of the projects is about 8/10 of the way done. © Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the project , ogress form. @ @ Listen again and complete the conversation. progr nm Supervisor: How are your current 1 ‘going? 3 Engineer: Pretty good. | actually have one that's 2 of schedule. Supervisor: That's great news! What about the others? Engineer: The other two are right on 3. Supervisor: Good to hear. How 4 ____ are the projects? Engineer: Hmm ... one is about ____complete. ‘The other two are about half complete. Supervisor: That's better than |6__ Engineer: Well, we have some really good crews working for us right now. Project Progress Form ‘Are the projects on schedule so far? What percent of each project has already been completed? Is this progress better or worse than expected?| Get ready! Reading @ Before you read the passage, talk about | these questions, 11 What are some different ways to describe an increase? 2 What are some different ways to describe a decrease? An increase 1 2 — ———___ | plummet, dectine, shrink Unstable: 3 Vocabulary © Match the words (1-4) with the definitions (A-D). 1 __ shrink 3 _ deatine — skyrocket 4 _ expand to become less to increase its area or reach 2 A Btomake smaller c D to increase suddenly Lyons Hill, Region 10 Burrows Chemicals Is looking at a factory site on the south side of town, Beaufort Streot isa two-lane road that runs past the site. Weekday tratfc loves fluctuate depending on the time of day. They usually skyrocket at 8 am and 5 pm. Traffic plummets around 10 am and 8 pm. It declines sharply on the weekends. Concerns: The opening of the factory will create a rise in traffic. Currently, the road cannot handle the anticipated increase. Solutions: Expanding the road to stabilize traffic flow is a possiblity. This will shrink the likelihood of traffic jams. A frontage road from the highway to the sito is another option. This will decrease trafic on Beaufort@ Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word best fits each blank. 1. stabilized / fluctuated A The company’s production machinery was fixed. B Profits throughout the year, but were highest inthe summer, ‘once the 2 plummet /rise A The company saw sales created a better product. i B The in production costs is due to the higher price for materials when its competitor | 8 increase / decrease ATo costs, we need to cut back on the number of workers. B They offered workers more breaks and witnessed a sharp in productivity @ G Listen and read the report again. What is the concern about the factory? Listening @ G Listen to a conversation between two engineers. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). 11 __ Water usage has increased. 2 __ The best time to water lawns is in the middle of the afternoon. 3 __ The woman suggests a way to inform people about | watering practices. @ &@ Listen again and complete the conversation. Engineer 1: The drought is realy taking atollon thecity’s >) water reservoir. Engineer 2: Yes, itis. Water usage has 1 forty percent since last year. Engineer 1: Residents are 2 gardens alive. Engineer 2: Yes, but they need to water 3 by nearly to keep their lawns and Like in the early mornings and 4__? Exactly. The moisture dries up too quickly in the heat of the day. |: Maybe the city needs to make some public service 5 ; That's a good idea. Let's 6 it trom Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. Water usage has increased v They need to water. Maybe the city needs to... ‘Student A: You are an engineer. Talk to Student B about: * the problem caused by the drought © how much water usage has increased ‘© apossible solution to the problem Student B: You are an engineer. Talk to Student A about how to solve the problem of increased water usage. Writing @ Use the conversation from Task 8 to write a public service announcement about smart watering. This is @ public service announcementMeasurements 1 Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 11 What are some different units of measurement for distance? 2 What information needs to be included in a survey of an undeveloped area? Reading @ Read the survey. Then, choose the correct answers. 1 Which is true about the area's location? A Itis located 5.6 miles from Highway 136. B Itis located 4 kilometers from Highway 183. C Itis located 6.4 miles from Highway 183. D tis located 5.6 kilometers from Highway 136. 2. What is the area of each section of the plot? ‘A 120 acres B 4,425.7 square yards © 48,400 square yards D 1.2hectares 3 Which information is NOT included in the survey? A the size of the land B the distance to the nearest city © the company who owns the land | 1D problem areas with the land 12 BB wren unns BB metric units ‘Survey Summary DEBIEEEIS Ws lot ot nis cate in ia, Nasa. Tea stance of 3.5 miles from Highway 136 This 5.6 Ilometers in metric units, Iti 64 kilometers fom Highway 183 Ths iis in imperial measurement ‘It will be the site of New Tech Communication Companys North America headquarter. EEE te entre plot is 120 acres (48 hectares). The company wil divide tnto 12 sections. Each secon wl ave an area of 48,400 square yard.Thisis the same as 4,468 square meters, DEES ces nhs cased tin te area. The runoff caused erosion in the southeast comer of the land. Sey Vocabulary © Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F). — kilometer 3 __ yard 5 _ meter hectare 4 __ area 6 _ distance 1 2 ‘A. measurement equal to 100 acres Ba metic unt of length that measures 100 ‘centimeters © amount of space between two things D the measurement ofthe extent of and ora sutace E_ ameticunit of distance that measures 1,000 mete F imperial unit of length that measures 3 fect | i@ Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word best fits each blank. 4. imperial / metric ‘A. The road was measured in miles per the _ system. B. Many European countries use units, such as kilometers, 2 miles / acres ‘A The property has atotal of fifty. B The office is about ten__from the school. @ G Listen and read the survey again. What is the one problem area with the land? Listening @ G Listen to a conversation between an engineer and a client. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). 4 __ The man uses the imperial system for measurements. 2 __ There are 120 acres of land on the propery. 3 __ The man asks for the measurement in meters. @ @ Listen again and complete the Engineer: Mr. White, did you receive the fe “ofthe siteforthenew — CO factory in Alma, Nebraska, yet? Yes, I did. | was hoping you could clarify the exact 2__of the lang. ‘Sure. The entire plot is one hundred and twenty 3 ‘That's five hundred and eighty thousand, eight hundred square yards. Client: I'm sorry, could you give me that 4 2 Engineer: That's about four hundred and eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-two 5 . Client: Oh, okay. Thanks. How far is it from the 6 2 Engineer: It's 5.6 kilometers or 3.5 miles away. Client: Okay and are there any problem areas with the plot? Engineer: Just one. Excess rain has caused runoff which has eroded the southeast comer. Inisa distance of Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. id you receive the Iwas hoping you could clarify the I'm sorry, could you give that in ..? ‘Student A: You are an engineer. Talk to Student B about: ‘+ the size of the property in different measurements ‘+ the distance of the property from the highway + the problem areas of the property cee Student B: You are a client. Talk to Student A ‘about measurements of the land in different units. Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to part of a survey. from the nearest highway Iwill be the site of 5 13Poe ‘© There are 16 ounces in ‘one pound. ‘s There are 1,000 grams in one kilogram. Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1 Why is it important to know how to convert units of measurement? 2 What are some units for ‘ ‘measuring weight? 14 il i ero ‘One liter is the samme as 64 gallons. a _ ene =remICOkCu eee Be pese cucu cr peeres at 0 degrees Coss and 52 & em Fahrenheit. util te temperature in Celsius BY 1 8. ‘Then add 32. from the Fahrenteit ce ‘Multiply this number by 5. temperature. by, @ Read the conversion guide. Then, mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). 1 __ Agallon is a unit of weight. 2 __ There are two steps to convert from Celsius to Fahrenhett 3 __ Apound is a smaller unit of measurement than a gram.Vocabulary Fill in the blanks with the correct words: liter, Celsius, weight, kilogram, temperature, ounce, pound. 1 One is the same as sixteen ounces. 2 The. of that steel beam is five point five pounds. 3 Samantha only needs one _of the new chemical solution, 4 The of the water is 120 degrees Fahrenheit. | 8 One the same as one thousand grams. | 6 The thermometer gives the temperature in | 7 Ag is a unit of weight smaller than a pound. | @ Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word best fits each blank. 1. Fahrenheit / gallon ‘A. The supervisor prefers all temperatures in degrees B Please collect a one sample of the water, | re J volume | is a unit much smaller than an ounce. B va isthe of the solution? @ @ Listen and read the conversion guide again. How can you convert from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius? Listening @ & Listen to a conversation between two engineers. Check (/) the measurements that are mentioned during the conversation. 1 O pounds 2 Qograms 3 O kilograms 5 Oiiters 4 Q ounces @ G Listen again and complete the conversation. Engineer 1: Hi, John. Do you have the 1 of the new water treatment system from yesterday? Engineer 2: Let me see... yes, | do. They're right here, Engineer 1: Great. 2 sediment did we remove? Engineer 2: We collected a total of fifteen 3___of sediment. what is that in 4 2 Engineer 1: Okay. Fifteen grams Engineer 2: That's point five three ounces. Engineer 1; Are you sure that's right? That §__ Engineer 2; Yeah, ‘m6. One ounce is the same as about twenty-eight point three grams. sounds really low. Speaking With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. ‘Do you have the results ...? We collected a total of . ‘Are you sure that's right? ‘Student A: You are an engineer. Talk to Student B about: ‘© themeasurements of a sample you collected ‘+ the weight of the sample in grams ‘* the weight of the sample in ounces Student B: You are an engineer. Talk to Student A about the conversion of measurements, Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill in missing information in the engineers’ notes. | This is a sample Of enn | The sample is from... [Te WeIgAS anne | Therefore, the sample weighs ....... vues OUNCES. 157/) Si Units Get ready! | @ Before you read the passage, talk about | these questions, 1. What are some of the base units inthe SI system? 2 How are base units and derived units different? 1 0 Litintuntitintaadunl Veter i The International System of Units (SI units) is used in Creare) ete geseacs Roce ecu iuecicucu meni cated Oe cece uce Rta cri U) Cc eee et Sn cad meter kilogram second time ampere kelvin electric current thermodynamic temperature candela luminous intensity mole | amount of substance eer ce Manteca tgs Smt Markit er Creo (iw SesareStt ‘square meter Vocabulary cubic meter | volume © Match the words or phrases (1-5) with the joule ‘energy, work, or quantity of heat definitions (A-E). watt 1 _ amount 4 _ mole 2 _ ampere 5 _ watt 3 _ base unit Reading @ Read the textbook excerpt. Then, mark the ‘A a unit that is equal to the number of ators in 12 grams of carbon-12 16 following statements as true (T) or false (F). 1 __ Most countries in the world use SI units. 2 __ Temperature and time are base units. 3 __ Derived units are formed by dividing or multiplying base ones. Baunit that measures electrical power © aunit that measures electricity 1D a.unit of measurement from which all other Unis are obtained E a quantity of somethingQ Fillin the blanks with the correct words or phrases from the word bank, (WOT d wee , current derived unit kelvin joules temperature 1. The civil engineer knew that the substance ‘melted when heated to a specific 2. The man measured the amount of energy used in 3. The electrical passed around the circuit and the light bulb turned on, 4. The civil engineer multiplied the base units in order to calculate the . 5 The woman decided to measure the temperature in rather than in Celsius. @ @ Listen and read the textbook excerpt again. What are some examples of derived units? Listening © G Listen to a conversation between two civil engineers. Choose the correct answers. 1 What is the purpose of the conversation? ‘A to compare systems of measurement B toleamhow the new calculator works © toexplain the benefits of using SI units D todetermine the actual size of the space 2 What will the man most ikely do next? ‘A write down the measurement in square feet B figure out the volume of the warehouse © calculate the number of square meters D convert the measurements into SI units @ G@ Listen again and complete the conversation. Engineer 1: Engineer 2: Engineer 1: Engineer 2: Engineer 1: Engineer 2: Engineer 1: Engineer 2: Ready to get the warehouse inspection 1 2 Yes. How big is it? Lot's see ... | have the area 2 39,000 square feet. Don't forget that we need to have the ‘measurements in 3 : Oh, right. So, it needs to be square meters, then, and the volume needs to be4 Yes. Do you want my 5: 2 If you don't mind. Okay, so it's 3,600 square meters. All right. Calculate the volume, too, while 6 Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. Ready to ..? 1 Don't forget v Do you want ..? about: ‘Student A: You are an engineer. Talk to Student B + the inspection « = Stunts the measurements. Writing ‘Student B: You are also an engineer. Talk to ‘Student A about the facility's measurements, © Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the engineer's inspection notes. Inspection Notes lity is ‘The measurements need Therefore, we converted the data into 7Get ready! Reading @ Before you read the passage, talk about @ Read the employee manual, Then, matk the these questions. following statements as true (T) oF fase a. 11 Whats the nule for rounding numbers? ‘1 — There are specific ules to be folowed whey 2 Hows scientific notation used? working with big numbers, 2 __ Toraise to the third power, the be followed by ‘squared’, — Numbers more than six digits in length require scientific notation, ‘base shoulg “Stamm Engineering Employee Manual Pg 23 3 eects Please use the foliowing guidelines when. AeleTar} TOE tanec Vocabulary © Match the words or phrases (1-6) with the definitions (A-F). ‘To avoid rounding errors: Only round up ifthe last significant figure is more than five, Leading zeros and trailing zeros are lettin figures added to the database. For written reports, they are deleted. 1 __ exponent 4 _ significant fgue — integer 5 _ tothenth power — scientific notation 6 __ trailing zero For numbers with exponents, write the base integer. To raise to the second power, follow the base with ‘squared’, To raise to the third Power, follow the integer with ‘cubed! For iarge ‘exponents, follow the base with ‘to the nth power’ 2 3 ‘A adigit that helps to show a numbers precision B a small superscript number that indicates how ‘many times a number is multiplied by itself © anumber that is multipied by that exponent ‘zero that occurs in the decimal representation Use scientific notation if a number has more of a number than six digits. ‘any natural number, including their negatives and zero ‘way of easily expressing very large or small amounts ery Scientific notation )~ parry (Sina ¢ Ouse SUR(T,-T,) 3.8 fats Sar* (7 7). 508 Caaf HB 7 te Peet tat, 42, {8 tf ay ak 39, ( r fo = AL a ws fore at Slt S)thay: [= Rasf deep Pease, B F-tmlfatsinl 9 fc apes DRTale Sat Ue dz cos9 En tmbisea| | @ G@ Listen ag: Assistant: Yes,12_____ Engineer: Great. Did you 3 Engineer: Thanks, it makes it a 4 read that way. Assistant: | wasn't sure if | needed to use § on some of the numbers, though. Engineer: Only if the numbers have more than six 6 Assistant: Oh. Give me a minute, and Ill fix them. @ Read the sentences and choose the correct words or phrases. 4. The civil engineer wanted to raise the number to the second power, so she cubed/squared it. 2. Asa result of the rounding error/integer, the measurements, were inaccurate. 3. The number was multiplied by itself three times, meaning that it was cubed/trailing zero. 4 Jake remembered to include the nth power/leading zeros before the other numbers. @ G@ Listen and read the employee manual again. What is the procedure for raising the power of an integer? Listening @ G Listen to a conversation between an engineer and an assistant. Choose the correct answers. 1 What is the conversation mostly about? A correctly typing up a report B the rules for scientific notation © how to read trailing zeros D reporting numbers to the engineer 2. What will the man most likely do next? A. take out the leading zeros from the report B add six more digits to the figures in the report use scientific notation in parts of the report D_ add in all the trailing zeros to the report and complete the conversation. Engineer: Do you have those figures for the 1 Oo ready? a report. the leading and trailing zeros? Assistant: | sure did. for me to Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. Tea J wasn't sure if... Only if Student A: You are an engineer. Talk to Student B about: + the figures * the report + the rules for numbers ‘Student B: You are an assistant, Talk to Student A about the report. Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the assistant's notes. Rules for Numbers in Reports Leading zeros — Scientific notation — po 19Community and Regional Planning Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1) Why is urban planning important? Stopping Urban Sprawi by Susan Siddons The region surrounding Emerson City has seen tremendous growth. Several large manufacturing ‘companies moved into the area. People looking for employment flocked to the area. The rise in population created a need for housing. New ‘communities developed all around the city In the rush to build new homes, urban planning ‘was ignored. The results were unchecked urban sprawl. Some of the effects of the sprawi are showing. Utility tines are straining to accommodate demand. Streets are not equipped to handle the increased tratfic. Reading @ Read the newspaper article. Then, choose the correct answers, 1 Whatis the main idea of the article? A the techniques engineers use in urban planning Projections show that the population will B why companies chose to move Continue to expand. So, how does the city plan into a region to stop urban sprawl before it gets worse? One the results of a city not using way is by promoting the reconstruction of urban planning D why reconstruction is better than new construction Vocabulary 2 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the article? @ Match the words (1-7) with the definitions (A-G). A. the effects of urban sprawl 1 region 5 __ community B the city's plan to counteract 2 __ projection 6 __ expand urban spravi 3 __reconstruction 7 __neighborhood the reason urban planning was 4 _ growth not used D the city’s new regulations ‘A adevelopment or group of houses constructed in the same regarding construction vicinity ; B a defined geographic or administrative area ee © the acto ebulding a structure or group of stuctes A. economic growth D a group of people residing in the same region or neighbortiood a kines pain E anestimation of a future scenario based on the current trend eae F the expansion of neighborhood or housing development | 6 lk ili D safe neighborhoods to plan and build additional buildings 20@ Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word or phrase best fits each blank. 4) growth / urban planning A Disorganized expansion can be prevented by B The city experienced continued throughout the decade. 2. urban sprawl / neighborhood A led to more air pollution and traffic problems. B Engineers predicted that the needed new t utility ines. © @ Listen and read the newspaper article again. Why should urban sprawl be prevented? Listening @ G Listen to a conversation between a civil engineer and a city manager. Mark the following statements as true (1) or false (F). 1 __ The man's projections include increased population. 2 __ The woman suggests using urban planning to avoid urban sprawl 3. __ The man suggests regulations for new housing developments. @ @ Listen again and complete the conversation. City Manager: So, what are your 1 growth? Engineer: Well, the 2 is continuing to grow. That means housing needs to grow too. City Manager: Is that a bad thing? Engineer: Not ifit's done correctly with 3 City Manager: If it's not, then we might end up with 4 ee ay .er: And urban sprawl leads to increased 5 ‘more traffic, and higher utility demands. City Manager: So, how do we prevent it from happening? Engineer: First, we make requirements for new 6. een Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. What are your projections V fo We might .. ‘So how do we prevent ..? Student A: You are a city ‘manager. Talk to Student B about: + what his or her projections are + what the results of urban sprawl are © what needs to be done to prevent urban sprawl ‘Student B: You are a civil engineer. Talk to Student A about urban sprawl. Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the civil engineer's notes. Projections: Outcomes: Prevention: — 21Land Use Planning D to begin a PEST analysis 2 Which ofthe folowing is NOT a service provided ty te |! Get ready! Reading | @ Before you read the passage, @ Read the webpage. Then, choose the correct answers, |j talk al i | shia aera aale 4. What is the main idea of the webpage? i ‘11 What are some considerations in ‘A to define the company’s development goals | : Genmenia planing? B to develop a company's target i tare some elements of ; in a company’s strategic planning philos enmt rout? © to explain a company’ tegic planning philosophy | i company? } A tulseneePESTarayss © state panneg |! B environmental planning D estate planning |, 3 Whatis the first service provided when a client contacts the ‘company? Walker Strategic Planning i ‘A asmart growth plan t ~ Environmental planning specialists B_a.unique situation ~ Urban development experts © aninitial consultation D aPEST analysis, Consider Walker Strategic Planning for your engineering and planning needs. Our philosophy is based on smart growth. People in urban centers need to be close to facilities, At Walker Strategic Planning we believe in sustainable communities. The best strategic planning creates compact neighborhoods. We have experience in creating industrial, residential, or mixed neighborhoods. Every situation is unique. Every client has specific development goals. We work with your company to develop a target. All proposals are based on PEST analyses created by our planners. Contact us for an intial consultation today! Walker Strategic Planning 1010 Middle Street Stillwater, Utah (200) 555 6544Vocabulary @ Match the words and phrases (1-6) with the definitions (A-F). __ smart growth 4 _ proposal — industrial 5 _ situation — target 6 __ residential er ‘outlines @ possible route to obtain set targets incorporates all factors contributing to a ‘company’s current position © arregion used mainly for housing D urban planning methods that concentrate on compact neighborhoods where all resources are accessible o> E aregion used mainly for manufacturing and production F anaim or goal @ Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word or phrase best fits each blank. 1 PEST analysis / strategic planning A The company plans to hire a. expert. B Many market research factors are included in a 2 environmental planning / sustainable A. The manager focuses on development and protecting resources. B The natural and social factors are all included in the report © @ Listen and read the webpage again. What does the company consider important for sustainable communities? Listening © G Listen to a conversation between two engineers. Mark the following statements { as true (T) or false (F)- 1 __ The man has not seen the new projects for this month, 2 __ The first assignment is for the urban planning center. 3. __ The speakers will begin with a PEST analysis. @ G Listen again and complete the conversation. Engineer 1: Our first 4 isthe smart C) growth proposal. Engineer 2: Yes, 2 planning center, right? Engineer 1: Yes. Where 9__ we should begin? Irecommend starting with a 4 the urban Engineer 2: Engineer 1: ThatS_______- to. me. Engineer 2: Great. Let's suggest that to the rest of 6 : Speaking With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. ESS Have you seen the Our first assignment is recommend starting with Student A: You are a civil engineer. Talk to ‘Student B about: © the new projects + where to begin * the first assignment Student B: You are a civil engineer. Talk to Student A about your recommendations for starting the project. Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the meeting agenda, Strategie Planning Inc. Meeting Date: First project: Recommended starting poiPomme go ca @ }) City of Hoppington Trip generation Predict the! Mode choice ~ Determine wt ‘number of trips along city routes. | modes of transportation wil be Trip distribution -Developa 1 used. table showing trips between Route assignment - Select points routes to beneft the target population Study results show that walkable routes are most effective, The ‘commuter rail is running successfully as well. Rapid transit received mixed results. Inner-city residents rely onthe subway trains. Distant routes serve fewer people. Citizens use available bike lanes, REA We sicoon adding bike lanes and increasing the ‘frequency of bus services, We also recommend reducing senice @ Before you read the passage, to outlying subway routes. talk about these questions. 1 What are some commen waysto - Wocabulary travel around a city? © Match the words or phrases (1-6) with the definitions (A-Fl. 2. What does a trip distribution RES 1 mode choice 4 __ rapid transit 2 _ walkable 5 _ commuter rail Reading 3 _ bus 6 __ trip generation @ Read the report. Then, A a train system that runs between a city center and suburban complete the table. towns: B allows the engineer to determine what means of transportation Means of will be used on travel routes rer Transportation © a system that moves passengers through an urban atea, Working wel 1 running frequently and at a high rate of speed a D predicts the number of trips departing from or destined for increase 2 Particular zones numberitrequency | ______ Ea tage vehicle that transfers passengers along a route for Decrease number |3 : F a place or distance that people are able to walk 24words or phrases. 1. Susan presented a trip rail table. 2 The cycling club requested an additional bus/ bike lane along Main Street. ‘3. The engineers debated route assignments/ ‘commuter rails to manage traffic. | 4 Jamal went downstairs to take the mode choice/subway train. ribution/commuter @ @ Listen and read the report again, What types of residents are most likely to use the ‘subway? Listening © G Listen to a conversation between a city planner and an engineer. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). 1. __ The man has not read the transportation report. 2 __ The man would like to add more bike lanes. 3. __ The woman suggests adding new bus services. @ @ Listen ag: conversation. and complete the City Planner: Hi, Sarah. Ihad 4 oO to read your report over the ‘weekend. Engineer: Great. What did you think about our 27 City Planner: | lke the idea of adding 3 __.. That should be our first big project. Engineer: That is my preference as well. City Planner: You suggest adding 4 too. Engineer: Yes. More frequent buses along the current routes. Gity Planner: | think that's something ______ easily enough. Engineer: Great. I'l have more details to share inour6 later. Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. eee err sin _2 See ‘Student A: You are a city planner, Talk to Student B about: + the engineer's report + the engineer's suggestions + the first big project ‘Student B: You are an engineer. Talk to Student A about the transportation report. Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the proposal. Proposed works: Proposed changes to bus services: Proposed changes to subway services: service to outlying subway routes 25iber_PredUCHS!| Plywood and boards made from cherry wood, oak, or pine [Goncrete Prodacts! auick-drying mixtures, sand and cement mixtures, cement and gravel mixtures Cinder blocks Bricks: Red, White/Gray, Tan/Brown, Dark, Pink/Rose Glass Products: Windowpanes, doors, shower kits, glass blocks {for walls and panels construction Steel Products: Metal shelves, appliances, suspension cables Plastic Products: Materials for commercial and residential Rubber: Rubber tes, roof shingles, and insulation ‘Aluminum: Heat insulation ‘material, panel building materials Rebars: for concrete and brick structures Verret hemi carer Inge cieeatacse ein urn Tea uenee es) Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1 What are some common building materials? 2. What are some things that are created using building materials? Reading @ Read the product listing. Then, mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). 1 __ Insulation materials are made of rubber or ‘aluminum. 2 __ Doors and showers can be made from glass. 3. __ Bricks come in single colors and mixed ‘combinations. 26 Vocabulary © Match the words or phrases (1-6) with the definitions (A-F). 1 _ rebar 4 __ cinder block 2 _ plastic 5 __ aluminum 3 __ brick 6 _ glass ‘A a material made of cement and coal with a rectangular shape and unfilled spaces | a bluish siver-white metal that reflects light e5 | a rectangular building material made of hardened clay D astraight, slender, ridged stick made of ste! that is placed in concrete E hard, clear material used to make objec uth as windows or mirrors F lightweight, strong substance produced by chemical process oo@ Write a word that is similar in ‘meaning to the underlined part. 1 Industrial tanks and pulleys are often lined with elastic material. ae 2. The construction company ordered its wood used for building from a company in Oregon ue 3. Many bridges, tunnels, and dams are made of cement and gravel. _o_-r 4. Rail workers used iron and arbon building material to lay ilroad tracks. e @ @ Listen and read the product ing again, Where are rebars used? Listening @ @ Listen to a conversation between two civil engineers. Choose the correct answers. 1. What material does the owner want for the exterior of the hotel? A marble © brick B wood D concrete 2 Why did the woman suggest using concrete for the exterior? A. because it looks better than brick B_ because it takes less time to build with it © because itis less expensive than other materials D_ because it is more colorful than brick and complete the conversation. Engineer 1: Let's go over the plans for the 1 oO Engineer 2: Sure. Let's start with the interior. The client wants ‘wood floors in the rooms, but in the lobby he wants 2 . Engineer 1: Okay. What about the 3 2 Engineer 2: He wants 4 because it looks better. Engineer 1: | thought he wanted to build quickly. Using brick takes longer. Engineer 2: Yes, and did suggest 5 . But he still wants brick. Engineer 1: Then brick itis. Does he want one color or a6_? Engineer 2: He chose tan and brown. Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. Let's go over the What about the Does he want. or..? ‘Student A: You are a civil engineer. Talk to Student B about: * plans for a new construction project ‘interior and exterior building materials ‘© details of building materials Student B: You are a civil engineer. Talk to Student A about building materials for a new construction project. Writing @ Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the notes on the plans for the new building project. z z [Notes [pate Building Type:| Interior Desigr |Exterior Design:}Construction Materials 2 it | Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about i these questions. 1 What ae some examples of transparent Here are my recommendations cae used at the new airport A ae For flooring, | suggest ceramic tie witha Ree rsleraicee aa surface. | know ceramic tile i brittle. But if in steal correctly, it will not crack easily. Marble fig Smooth. It can cause people to slp if there ae we Spots. a Use transparent glass forthe partons between te areas you mentioned. Opaque glass resuts msn concerns. Airport secuty personnel il not hares clear view between areas. Copper wiring is a reliable and durable conductor for the electrical system. Choose wiring wth a paste insulator, such as polyethylene, | also recommend ductile copper tubing for the water pipes, I's malleable enough tobe shaped around any absiaces Regards, Melissa ©M materials to bg Reading @ Read the email. Then, mark the following ‘statements as true (T) or false (F). 1. __ The writer recommends smooth ceramic te. 2 __ Opaque glass is dificult to see through. 3 __ The writer recommends copper forthe wiring and water pipes. Vocabulary © Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F). 1 _ brittle 4 _ rough 2 _ smooth 5 _ plastic 3 _ conductor 6 __ insuator A. being easily broken or damaged being marked by bumps, ridges, or groove being continuously even aan object that separates and supports ‘an object that allows energy to move e517 capable of being molded and reshaped wito™ breaking ammooe | “4Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word best fits each blank. 1 opaque / ductile rN lass was installed in the office so workers had more privacy. B The metal tube was bent in several different places. 2. malleable / transparent A Clay isa very substance. B The __wrapping made it easy to ‘see the writing on the box. @ G Listen and read the email again. Why is ‘copper wiring a good conductor? Listening @ G Listen to a conversation between a civil engineer and a contractor. Mark the following statements as true (7) or false (F). 1. __ The client wants to use copper wiring 2. __ Aluminum conducts electricity better than copper. 3 __ Problems with electrical wires can be a fire hazard. @ G Listen again and complete the conversation. 4 Engineer: Hi, Leonard. How's the 1 Contractor: Oh, its all ight. Thanks for your 2___, by the way. Engineer: | hope they were useful. Contractor: Very, except the client insists on using 3___ . Engineer: Did you explain 4 conductor of electricity? Contractor: Yes. | even told him aluminum wiring 5 ‘oo easily compared to copper. Engineer: I'd stress what a 6 a itis. Also show him some pictures of melted aluminum wires. Contractor: That's a good idea. I'll give that a try. is a better, coming along? Oo Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. The client insists on I'd stress ... That's a good idea. Student A: You are a civil engineer. Talk to Student B about: * how his or her project is coming along + the problem with the owner ‘* a solution to help convince the owner ‘Student B: You are a contractor. Talk to Student A about the project. Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to write an email to the civil engineer about what the client decided, ‘Subject: Outcome on |just wanted to let you know that your idea about __ The client decided to ‘Thanks again for the recommendation. ItStructural Engineering 1 Get ready! @ Botore you read the passage, talk about these questions. 11 What are some elements ‘Arch ~ an arch is shaped to support a load of structure? . 3 Fala 2 How aethey od? ge Beam - a beam is a line element. Beams are subject to both tension and ‘compression. Catenary - a catenary is made from cable, chain or fabric. It gets its strength from its shape. Column - a column is a line element. itis, subject to compression and sometimes to bending. Plate - a plate is subject to bending, Shell - a shell is subject to compression. It gets its strength from its form. {As the number of floors increases in a building, 0 does pressure on the elements. Vocabulary © Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F). 1 catenary 4 _ plate 2 __eloment 5 __ shell Reading 3 _ toad 6 _ structure @ Read the ore excomt. ‘A acurved element that gets its strength from its form Then, mark the following B a flat element that ean statements as true (T) or 5 Carty bending in two directions ‘something large that has been built from a number of parts. eee such as a bridge 1 __ Beams and columns are the D aU-shaped curve, made by a i ma chain or ati ted same typo of element. at each end ¥y a chain or cable that is SupPO! 2 __ Strength atfocts a catenary’s E the amount of weight or pressure that something needs 10 shape. support 3. __ Buildings with fewer stories put Fan importa, base pet of som ae hi tbe ‘greater pressure on elements. broken Into emailer rte “ome bigger that carn 30Q Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the word bank. ord! ‘arch architecture bi columns floors 1 The building has fity which are accessed by elevators or stairs. 2 Thecity’s was very modern with lots of metal and glass. 3 The ceiling was supported by horizontal, wooden 4 There were several in the front of the house to support the porch. 5 Thecurved was able to support a lot of weight from above. @ G Listen and read the textbook excerpt again. What is an element? Listening @ G Listen to a conversation between two civil engineers. Choose the correct answers. 4. What is the purpose of the conversation? A to get the man's opinion of the building B to apologize for the mistake in placement © to describe the building's unique architecture D to explain why the building is not finished 2. What will the woman most likely donext? A finish building the next column B repair the problems in the floor © look atthe plans once more D tear down the existing colurnns @ @ Listen again and complete the conversation. re) Engineer 1: So, what do you Engineer 2: It will look realy nice once i's 2 ‘though, | do see something that concerns me. Engineer 1: Whatis it? Engineer 2: | think one of the 3. is built in the wrong position. Engineer 1: That's not good. The 4 it supports could collapse. Engineer 2: Maybe you need to ___—— again? Engineer 1: | am definitely going to do that. 'm glad you 6___itout. No problem. I'd want someone to do the same for me. Engineer 2: Speaking @ with a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. What do you see something that concems me. I'm glad you ‘Student A: You are a + the building + aproblem that you see ‘+ whathe or she needs to do about it engineer. Talk to Student B about: ‘Student B: You are a civil engineer. Talk to Student A about the building Writing Use the conversation from Task 8 to write a work report regarding the problem. Work Report Engineer's Name: Building Address: Notes on Construction:Structural Engineering 2 | Get ready! Reading i @ Before you read the passage, talk about @ Read the article. Then, choose the correct these questions. answers. 4. Whatis the purpose of the article? ‘A. to compare fire and wind engineering to outline potential hazards to buildings to explain how to build a strong structure to describe various engineering fields \ 1 What are some different engineering fields? 2 Which field sounds most interesting to you? Why? Which of the following does NOT deal with a natural hazard? ‘A wind engineering B facade engineering © fire engineering D earthquake engineering sprinkler system) ) | e What are fire engineers responsible for? 3 'A sprinkler systems building appearence B heat loss D wind impact Vocabulary @ Read the sentence pairs. Choose which ‘Structural engineers are able to choose between a word or phrase best fits each blank. number of specialized engineering fields. There are several career options available. Fire Engineering deals with active and passive fire protection. It includes anything from a building's sprinkler system to fire exits. 1. sprinkler system / heat loss ‘A. The fagade engineer made the building more efficient by reducing its B The fire engineer checked to make sure that the __was working correctly. Earthquake engineering focuses on helping buildings withstand earthquakes. Wind engineering looks at the impact of wind on large y not seem like a hazard, but it can 2. tower engineering / earthquake engineering ‘A. The engineer was interested in radio reception sohe specialized in a B is especially important in places with a lot of seismic activity structures. Wind may cause damage. engineering addresses the front and exterior of r range from appearance Fagade buildings. Factors to consider ‘and durability to heat loss. 1g relates to radio towers and masts. 3 fire exits / hazards ‘A. Fice and wind are both potential __— that engineers need to address. B_ The engineer made sure there were enough ___on each floor, in case of an emergency. ‘Tower engineerin:@ Fill in the blanks with the correct . the word bank. words or phrases from Speaking a © With a partner, act out the eas roles below based on Task 7. ‘Then, switch roles. fagade engineering _ fire engin EE wind engineering withstend (See aa We have to 1 The skyscraper was built to________—_high winds. PI 2. The engineering student liked the idea of, Colts since she was interested in weather impacts, What else ..? 3 is particularly important in histor areas where he exterior appearance of bulings must ‘Student A: You are a construction conserved. ‘company owner, Talk to Student B 4 Improvements in have about: helped building occupants escape flames. «+ the height of the building ; + the lateral loads © G Listen and read the article again. What kind of factors = fire safety do fagade engineers need to take into account? oe ‘Student B: You are a civil engineer. Listening Talk to Student A about the building @ G Listen to a conversation between a construction ‘company owner and a civil engineer. Mark the following ~ statements as true (1) or false (F). Writing 1 __ The man is knowledgeable about lateral loads. © Use the conversation from 2 __ Earthquakes affect the lateral load of a building. Task 8 to complete the civil 3. _ The woman needs to plan out a fire sprinkler system for the lenginoer'eif0 00 Let) building. age Cope en, @ G@ Listen again and complete the conversatior ‘Owner: My building is going to be the 1 inthe city when i's finished. Engineer: That's true. But having a building that tal creates, 2 Owner: What do you mean? Engineer: We have to take into account the effect of S Owner: Can you give me 4 2 Engineer: Examples of lateral loads are 5. activity Owner: Oh, okay. What else? routes 50 Engineer: We also need to plan 6 —_ people can get out quickly from even the highest floors. or earthquake34 ‘acre [N-COUNT-US] An acre isa unit of land that isthe same as 4,840 square yards ‘add [V-T-U2] To add a number to another number is to incroaso it by that amount, aluminum [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Aluminum is a bluish silver-white metal th I reflects light easil plentiful metal in the earth's crust. " : — ‘amount [(N-COUNT-U7] An amount is a quantity of something, ampere [N-COUNT-U7] An ampere is a unit that measures electricity, arch [N-COUNT-U14] An arch is a wo das I curved structure with straight sis that supports the woight of something such agg architecture {N-UNCOUNT-U14] Architecture is the study and practice of planning and designing buildings and structures, ‘area [N-COUNT-U5] Area is the measurement of the extent of land or a surface. base unit [N-COUNT-U7] A base unit is a basic unit of measurement from which all other units are obtained, beam [N-COUNT-U14] A beam is a long, heavy piece of wood or metal that supports a roof or forms part ofa structure, bike lane [N-COUNT-U11] A bike lane is a route, often beside a roadway, marked solely for use by persons riding bioycles. brick [N-COUNT-U12] A brick is a rectangular building material mado of hardened clay. brittle [ADJ-U13} If something is brittle, itis easily broken or damaged. bus [N-COUNT-U11] A bus is a large vehicle that transfers passengers along a set route fora fixed price. catenary [N-COUNT-U14] A catenary is a U-shaped curve, formed by a chain or cable that is supported at either end, Celsius [N-UNCOUNT-U6] Celsius is a temperature scale on which water freezes at zero degrees and boils at one hundred degrees. cinder block (N-COUNT-U12] A cinder block is a building material mad ofc rectangular shape and its unfiled spaces. I engineering [N-UNCOUNT-U1] Civil engineering is the type of engineoring that building of physical structures such as roads, bridges, and buildings. column [N-COUNT-U14] A column is a tall, thick, upright post that supports a building's root or ceiling or that is used for decoration, ‘comes to [V-T-U6] To come to a number is to amount to the same valuo as that number community [N-COUNT-U9] A community is a group of people residing in the same region or neighborhood. ‘commuter rail [N-COUNT-U11] A commuter railis a train system that runs between a city center and outlying suburban towns. concrete (N-UNCOUNT-U12] Conerete is a strong building material made of cement mixed with sand or gravel, and water, which helps bind the materials. ‘conductor [N-COUNT-U13] A conductor is an object that allows energy, such as heat or sound, to move easily, nent and coal, known for its wolves the designing and construction [N-COUNT-U1] A construction isa (usually) large structure that has been built. convert [V-T-U3] To convert a number is to change its form. For example, changing a number from a fraction to a percent. 5/10 equals 50/100 which equals 50%. ‘cubed [ADJ-U8] If a number is cubed, itis multiplied by itself three times. For instance, 2 cubed (2°) is 8 because 2x2x2=8, cubic meter [N-COUNT-U7] A cubic meter is a unit to measure volume of a cube that is 1m on each side and is equal to 1,000 lites. current [N-COUNT-U7] A current isthe flow or movement of wat electricity or airdecimal number [N-COUNT-U3] A decimal number is a number that represents wholes and parts of a whole. decline [V--U4] To dectine is to become less or grow smaller decrease [V-T-Ud] To decrease something is to make it smaller or less complex. derived unit [N-COUNT-U7] A derived unit is a unit that is derived from a base unit. design [N-COUNT-U1] A design is the plan for a building or structure. distance [N-COUNT-U5] Distance is the amount of space between two things. vide by V-T4U2] To divide a number (A) by another number (8) isto split umber A eveniy into B number of Part. ductile [ADJ-U13] If something is ductile, it is able to be shaped or molded without breaking, earthquake engineering [N-UNCOUNT-U15] Earthquake engineering isthe scientific fed relating to how buildings ‘and structures react to earthquakes. clement [N-COUNT-U14] An element is an important, basic part of something bigger or more complicated. environment [N-UNCOUNT-U1] The environment is everything that makes up one's surroundings. ‘environmental planning [N-UNCOUNT-U10] Environmental planning is a decision-making process that gives consideration to the natural environment as well as social, politcal and economic factors. ‘equals [V-T-U2] To equal a number is to have the same value as that number. expand [V-T-U4] To expand something is to increase its area or reach. ‘expand [V-1-US] To expand a development is to plan and build adsitional buildings. exponent [N-COUNT-UB] An exponent, usually represented by a small superscript number, shows how many times a number is multiplied by itself, For instance, in the formula 23= 8, the small number 3 is the exponent, indicating that the number 2 should be multiplied by itself 3 times. {facade engineering [N-UNCOUNT-U15] Fagade engineering specifically dels with the front of buildings. It focuses ‘on the quality, cost, durability and performance of a building's facade. Fahrenheit N-UNCOUNT-U6] Fahrenheit isa temperature scale on which water freezes at thity-two degrees and boils at two hundred and twelve degrees. | te engineering [N-UNCOUNT-U15] Fite engineering i the scientific eld eating to hows o protect buldings and the j._Peeee win thorn from fire and smoke. | fie exit N-COUNT-U15} A fire exits a special door or exit that is meant to be used if there is a fire. | floor {N-COUNT:U14] A floor is one of the stories or levels in @ building. A floor can also be the flat surface that you walk on, inside a building. | ctuate[V1-Ua) To fluctuate is to move back and forth or up and down (rise and fal). fraction N-COUNT-U3] A fraction shows a part ofa whole, withthe bottom number showing how many parts the whole has been divided into, and the top number showing how many parts of the whole are present. {eotechnical engineering [N-UNCOUNT-U1] Geotechnical engineering is the type of civil engineering that works. with materials from the earth. [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Glass is a hard, clear material used to make various objects, including mirors and window | panes. J) 97am v-coUNT-U5] A gram isa metic unit of mass thats the same as one thousand j ‘growth [N-UNCOUNT-U9] Growth is the expansion of a neighborhood or development. | | | gallon [N-COUNT-U6] A gallon is a unit to measure the volume of aliquid and is the same as four quarts. | la igrams. hazard [N-COUNT-U1S] A hazard is something that has the potential to be dangerous or to cause harm. heat loss IN-UNCOUNT-U15] Heat loss isthe heat that flows from inside a building to the environment outside. 35hectare [N-COUNT-US] A hectare is a measurement equal to 100 acres. hundred [N-UNCOUNT-U2] Hundred is combined with another number to abbreviate numbers in the thousands. For example, the number 1,400 could be said “fourteen hundred.” imperial [ADJ-US] If a unit is imperial, it uses units such as inches, yards, and miles, and is used in countries such as the United States. increase [N-COUNT-Us] An increase is a growth in number, level or amount of something. industrial [ADJ-U10} Ifa region is industrial, itis used mainly for manufacturing and production. insulator (N-COUNT-UTS] An insulator is an object, often made of olass or ceramic that separates and supports conductors. integer [N-COUNT-US] An integer is any natural number, including their negatives, and zero. is [V-T-U2] When we say that a number, percentage. fraction, etc. is another number, we indicate that they both have the same value. For example, one quarter is point two five (4 = 0.25). joule [N-COUNT-U7] A joule is a unit that measures work or energy, Kelvin [N-UNCOUNT-U7] Kelvin is a unit that measures temperature. kilogram [N-COUNT-U6] A kilogram is a metric unit of mass that is the same as one thousand grams. kilometer [N-COUNT-US] A kilometer is a metric unit of distance that measures 1,000 leading zero [N-COUNT-US] A leading z less [PREP-U2] If one number is less another number, itis reduced by that amount. liter [N-COUNT-US] A liter is a metric unit of w same 28 one thousand cubic centimeters. load [N-COUNT-U14] A load is the amount of weight or pres. thing needs to support. lumber [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Lumber is wood, usually logs, used for building Fo is a zero that leads a number string, lume that ist maintenance [N-UNCOUNT-U1] Maintenance is the process of caring for something in order to keep it in proper condition ‘malleable [ADJ-U13] If something is maileabie, itis able to be shaped or bent without breaking apart. meter [N-COUNT-U5] A meter is a metric unit of length that measures 100 centimeters. metric (ADJ-US] Ifa unitis metric, it uses such units as centimeters, meters, and kilometers, and is used by mast countries mile (N-COUNT-US] A mile is an imperial unit of distance that measures 5,280 feet. minus [PREP-U2] If one number is minus a second number, the second number is subtracted from the first. mixed number [N-COUNT-U3] A mixed number is a traction that contains both whole numbers and parts of a whole, like 2%, mode choice [N-COUNT-U11] In the transportation forecasting process the mode choice analysis step allows the ‘engineer to determine what modes of transportation will be used, including the percentage of travelers using each mode. mole [N-COUNT-U7] A mole is a unit that describes large amounts of very small things and is equal to the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12, multiply by [V-T-U2] To multiply a number (A) by another (B) is to add number A to itself B number of times, municipal engineering [N-UNCOUNT-U1] Municipal engineering is the type of civil engineering that involves the design of structures in the city. neighborhood [N-COUNT-U3] A neighborhood is a development or group of houses constructed in the same vicinity. ‘opaque [ADJ-U13] If something is opaque, it blocks the passage of light, making it dificult to see any objects beyond it ‘ounce [N-COUNT-US] An ounce is a unit of weight that is the same as one sixteenth of a pound. out of- [PREP-U3] When we read a fraction like 3/4, we say, “Three out of four balls were purple.” 36| ' | | | | r cover [PREP-U2] Ia number is over another number, itis divided by that number percent N-COUNT-U3] A percent s 2 number out of 10 that exam cout of 100 parts, that equals 10 percent (10%). ee cee EST analysis [N-COUNT-U10] PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological anal factors that a company takes into consideration when carrying out a strategic analysis to gauge PO! itis made ofa synthetic material that can be molded into shapes or diferent ple, if you use 10 ysis) refers to the tential growth. plastic [ADJ-U13] If something is plasti forms. plastic [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Plastic isa lightweight, strong substance produced by make various objects. plate [N-COUNT-U14] A plates a flat element that can carry bending in two directions. ‘a chemical process and used to plummet [V-I-U4] To plummet is to decrease suddenly and sharply. plus [PREP-U2] If one number is plus another number, the two numbers are added together. point N-COUNTUS “The decimal points the dot in a decimal number that separates the whole and the pats of @ wi pound N-COUNT-U6] A pound is a unit of weight that isthe same as sixteen ounces. projection (N-COUNT-U9] A projection s an estimation of a future scenario based onthe current tend proposal [N-COUNT-U10] A proposal outlines a possible route to obtain set targets ‘quantity [N-COUNT-U3] A quantity is the amount of something. rapid transit [N-UNCOUNT-U1] Rapid transits any system of moving passengers through an frequently and at a high rate of speed. rebar [N-COUNT-U12] A rebar is a straight, slender, ridged stick made of stee! thats placed in concrete sion isthe act of rebuilding a structure or group of structures. possible, 25/200 is a large number to noe ratio, urban area that runs reconstruction [N-UNCOUNT-U9] Reosastty reduce [V-T-U3] To reduce a fraction isto put the fraction in the smallest terms work wit. 1/8 is a much easier fraction to work with and it represents the seme part to w! region [N-COUNT-U] A region isa defined geographic or acministrative area residential (ADJ-U10} Ifa region is resigentia, itis used mainly for housing. Fise [N-UNCOUNT-U4] A rise is an increase in heig! itis uneven, and marked by bumps, ridges, or grooves. ‘a miscalculation that results from improperly rounding a number to nt or amount. rough [ADJ-U13] If something is rough, rounding error [N-COUNT-U8] A rounding error is ‘a convenient number of decimals. ment [N-UNCOUNT-U11] Route assignment refers to th wat is made from the milky sap of tropical rubber plants. route assign’ e selection of routes between origins and destinations. rubber N-UNCOUNT-U12] Rubber is an elastic material th scientific notation [N-UNCOUNT-U] Scientific notation is away of easy expressing very lage ox very small quantities incorporates the use of superscript digits. 3x1, or example, s 3,000,000 writen in scientific notation. shell{N-COUNT-U14] shell isa curved element that gets its strenath from its form. shrink [V-T-U To shrink something is to make it smaller. significant figure [N-COUNT-UI8] A significant figure dt that helps ident & numbers precision. Al numbers sre aghieent xcept or leading and taiing zeros when they seve as placeholders, or dts tht are intoduced asa euul of calculations that are carried out to more decimal places than the original numbers situation [N-COUNT-U10] A situation is all the factors contributing fo a ‘company's current position. ‘Slunits [N-COUNT-U7] SI units (The International System ‘of Units) is the most widely adopted system of ‘measurement. 37