SF6 Gas Density Meter

SF6 Application in EP industry

Indoor substation (GIS) Outdoor substation (GIS) Gas Circuit Breaker

Offshore substation (GIS) Gas insulated transformer Ring Main Unit

 Electrical CB Product classification

Low voltage product<1.2kV Medium voltage product 1.2kV~10kV High voltage product >10kV
Electrical CB Product classification

AIS HGIS GIS

Air insulated Switchgear Hybrid Gas（SF6） insulated Switchgear Gas（SF6） insulated Switchgear

Live tank CB Dead tank CB Hybrid Gas-insulated Switchgear

GIS introduction

Circuit Breaker CT (Current Transformer)

PT(Potential Transformer)

Disconnector/Earthing Switch

NPB (Non-segregated Phase Bus

bushing)
GIS introduction

Total 6 gas-chamber. 2
The pressure in gas-chamber for
CB will be higher than other gas-
chambers

1
3

Red insulator means gas 5 4 6 Green (or Yellow) insulator means gas
isolated connected
GIS introduction

The pressure setting of the chamber on HV Equipment

Chamber for CB:

Rated pressure (filling pressure): the pressure with enough insulation and arc-quenching capability.

Alarm pressure: inform the user that the device was in low pressure status, which need to do the
maintenance and gas re-filling.

Locking pressure: the lowest working pressure, to lock the CB in the current ON/OFF position or to
automatically switch-off.
SF6 gas properties

physical and chemical properties

Colorless, tasteless, non-toxic, transparent

Atomic weight 146, about five times the air Greenhouse effect, equivalent to 22,000 times the
CO2

High specific heat capacity, good heat transfer

performance

Belonging to the inert gas, could be in the

High stability, not easy to break down, do not atmosphere for 3200 years
dissolve in water or oil

High recovery, rapid recovering

when losing the reaction conditions after it
 Pro‘s about SF6
Breakdown Voltage much higher than air Excellent arc quenching capability and high speed
stabilization of the break

11
Failure Statistics
Global Statistics of SF6 Equipment Failures

§ Insulation/electrical failures most 18%

common for SF6 Equipment
13%
§ Errors in SF6 Equipment caused 25%
by degradation in insulation
57% 12%

Insulation Failure Mechanism Failure Gas Leakages Others

12
Source: TSO EU 2014
SF6 Gas Density Monitor
Basic knowledge

Pressure (symbol: P) is an intensive property of thermodynamic F

systems and moreover a linear field size.
It is the force (F) per unit area (A) applied in a direction
perpendicular to the surface of an object: A

Formula:
p = F/A
Density vs. Pressure

Density is constant, but relative pressure can change due to temperature and ambient pressure
effects

Gas Tank

à A pressure indicator will show the correct pressure, but will fluctuate although there is no
leakage
à For plant safety the amount of SF6 gas inside the compartment is important, not the actual
pressure

17 [ 19.02.21 ]
Basic knowledge

Gas density: gas mass per unit volume ρ = m / v

In the confined space, the density of the gas remains constant, but the internal absolute pressure
will change with the temperature changes, and the relative pressure in addition to the temperature,
but also by the impact of environmental pressure.

Density（g/l） P20abs(bar) Pabs（bar） Prel（bar） T（℃） Penvironmental（bar）

39.16 6 6 5 20 1
39.16 6 6 5.1 20 0.9
39.16 6 5.481 4.481 0 1
39.16 6 5.481 4.581 0 0.9
39.16 6 6.506 5.506 40 1
39.16 6 6.506 5.606 40 0.9
Mechanical pressure measurement

C-type Helical- Spiral- Diaphragm Capsule Corrugated tube

Bourdon tube Bourdon tube Bourdon tube element element

0,6-60 bar 60-5000 bar 10 mbar-40 bar 2,5 mbar-0,6 bar 2,5 mbar-0,6 bar
Mechanical pressure measurement

Pointer
Bourdon tube gauge
The movement of a bourdon tube gauge Bourdon tube
contains a single edge fixed, elastic
End of tube
bourdon tube. This deforms in proportion
to the upcoming pressure. The force
Pull rod
F=p*A results from the definition of
pressure p=F/A.
Dial Toothed segment

The tube bends up with increasing

pressure. Through a mechanical lever this process connection
little deflection is amplified and shown at
an appropriate divided scale

Pressure
Mechanical pressure measurement

Absolute pressure gauge

The space (2) surrounding the bourdon
tube (1) is evacuated and serves as
pressure reference chamber.

A pressure differential between

reference chamber and measuring
element chamber (3) causes a
deflection of the measuring element tip.

The linear measuring travel is

converted into rotary motion by a pull -
rod (4) and transmitted to a pointer
movement (5).

Typ 516.41
SF6 Density Monitor Principle

WIKA SF6 density monitor

Bimetal
1. Using the bimetal->the indicated Temperature compensation
value be not influenced by element
temperature
2. hermetically sealed case-> the
indicated valve be not influenced by
environment pressure.
Only show the pressure under 20℃,
equivalent to the density.

and ensure that there s no leakage. 1x10^-5mbar·l/s

hermetically sealed case.
Bimetall Compensation
p
Tank / Bourdon tube
Bourdon tube
measuring element +1,042 bar
pTANK = 6,20 bar

> 20 °C

T
< 20 °C 20°C 60°C
displacement
of bourdon tube Bimetal
< 20 °C indication

pCAL = pTANK
Displacement
equivalent to
> 20 °C
-1,042 bar

T
20°C 60°C
Bimetal
p
Indication
WIKA - WEgrid Solutions

T
20°C 60°C
Principle of the bimetal

WIKA - WEgrid Solutions

26 [ 19.02.21 ]
Summary
1. SF6 Merupakan satu satunya pemadam busur api dan isolasi
di peralatan switching

2. Berkurangnya SF6 pressure berpengaruh terhadap kualitas

isolasi, dan kualitas pemadaman busur api

3. Density Meter adalah satu satunya monitoring terhadap

pressure SF6

4. Oleh karenanya, Density Meter harus dipastikan berfungsi

dengan baik.

27 [ 19.02.21 ]
Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter

Problem:
Dial GDM tidak dapat terbaca

Umur GDM 5 Tahun sejak

energize.
Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter

Solusi WIKA:

Penggantian GDM dengan

tambahan Pemasangan Sun
Cover
Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter

Permasalahan:
Tidak terdapat port pengisian di breaker,

satu satunya cara pengisian adalah mencopot Gas Density Meter.

Resiko:
- Sealing pada filling port akan cepat usang karena sering dicopot
dan terekspos pada humidity
Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter

Solusi dari WIKA:

Penambahan three way valve

Valve on / off

Filling port
Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter

Permasalahan:
Gas Density Meter terpasang
terlalu tinggi, lebih dari 2
meter. Sehingga menyulitkan
monitoring.

Resiko:
Proses monitoring menjadi
terhambat, sehingga salah satu
parameter penting di PMT tidak
dapat termonitor dengan baik.
Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter

Solusi dari WIKA:

Penambahan Capilary (flexible

pipe)

Customized
Capilary
Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter
Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter

Permasalahan:
Ditemukan kebocoran pada Gas
Density Meter

Resiko:

Penurunan isolasi di SF6 dan pembacaan

pressure yang tidak akurat
Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter

Permasalahan:

Ditemukan kebocoran pada Gas

Density Meter

Solusi dari WIKA:

Penggantian Gas Density Meter

(GDM) merk wika dengan
hermetically sealed

1x10^-5mbar·l/s
hermetically sealed case.
Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter

Permasalahan:

Tekanan terbaca existing GDM tidak sama

dengan GDM yang baru.

Resiko:
Salah pembacaan level pressure dan dapat
berakibat salah filling pressure yg dapat
merusak rupture disk (relieve valve)
Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter

Solusi dari WIKA:

Alat self check GDM

Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter

Permasalahan:

GDM sudah bocor, dan terdapat lumut, di indikasikan

warna glycerine (Silicone oil) berubah menjadi
kehijauan

Resiko:

Penunjukan kemungkinan sudah tidak lagi akurat, dan

resistansi kontak switching akan terpengaruh karena
sudah ada jamur.
Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter

Permasalahan:

GDM yang pada slide sebelumnya setelah

dibongkar, menunjukkan adanya kontak yang
sudah tidak lagi bersih.

Resiko:

Resistansi kontak switching akan menjadi besar,

dan kemungkinan gagal memberikan alarm.
Contoh permasalahan Gas Density Meter

Permasalahan:

GDM dalam kondisi berembun, diakibatkan

karena kebocoran.

Resiko:

Penunjukan kemungkinan sudah tidak lagi

akurat.
Contact untuk Site survey/ informasi lebih lanjut: