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Please note: Some of the questions in this former practice exam may
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questions do not fully represent the 2020 exam, teachers indicate
that imperfectly aligned questions still provide instructional value.
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1 1
AP Calculus BC Exam
®
SECTION I: Multiple Choice 2019

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
Instructions
At a Glance
Section I of this exam contains 45 multiple-choice questions and 4 survey questions. For
Total Time Part A, fill in only the circles for numbers 1 through 30 on the answer sheet. For Part B,
1 hour and 45 minutes fill in only the circles for numbers 76 through 90 on the answer sheet. Because Part A and
Number of Questions Part B offer only four answer options for each question, do not mark the (E) answer circle
45 for any question. The survey questions are numbers 91 through 94.
Percent of Total Score
50% Indicate all of your answers to the multiple-choice questions on the answer sheet. No
Writing Instrument credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet, but you may use the booklet
Pencil required for notes or scratch work. After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best,
completely fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. Give only one answer to
Part A each question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased
Number of Questions completely. Here is a sample question and answer.
30
Time
1 hour
Electronic Device
None allowed
Part B
Number of Questions
15
Time
45 minutes Use your time effectively, working as quickly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not
Electronic Device spend too much time on any one question. Go on to other questions and come back to
Graphing calculator the ones you have not answered if you have time. It is not expected that everyone will
required know the answers to all of the multiple-choice questions.
Your total score on the multiple-choice section is based only on the number of questions
answered correctly. Points are not deducted for incorrect answers or unanswered
questions.
Form I
Form Code 4PBP4-S
68
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
CALCULUS BC
SECTION I, Part A
Time—1 hour
Number of questions—30
NO CALCULATOR IS ALLOWED FOR THIS PART OF THE EXAM.
Directions: Solve each of the following problems, using the available space for scratch work. After examining the
form of the choices, decide which is the best of the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer
sheet. No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet. Do not spend too much time on any one
problem.
In this exam:
(1) Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which
f (x ) is a real number.
(2) The inverse of a trigonometric function f may be indicated using the inverse function notation f − 1 or with the
prefix “arc” (e.g., sin−1 x = arcsin x).
-3- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

∫1 (4x )
2 3
1. − x dx =
27
(A) (B) 27 (C) 36 (D) 57
2
2. Let f be the function defined by f (x ) = x 3 − 3x 2 − 9x + 11. At which of the following values of x does f
attain a local minimum?
(A) 3 (B) 1 (C) −1 (D) −3

d
3.
dx
(2(sin x )2 = )
 1  2 sin x 2 sin x cos x
(A) 4 cos   (B) 4 sin x cos x (C) (D)
 2 x  x x
( )
4. The position of a particle is given by the parametric equations x(t ) = ln t 2 + 1 and y(t ) = e3−t . What is the
velocity vector at time t = 1 ?
1 2 1
(A) 1, e2 (B) 1, −e2 (C) ,e (D) , −e2
2 2

∞
en
5. ∑ n is
n=1 p
p e e
(A) (B) (C) (D) divergent
p−e p−e
p ln ()
p
e
x f (x ) f ¢(x ) f ≤(x ) g(x ) g ¢(x ) g ≤(x )
2 4 −3 3 −2 5 1
6. The table above gives values of the twice-differentiable functions f and g and their derivatives at x = 2. If h is
f ¢(x )
the function defined by h(x ) = , what is the value of h¢(2) ?
g(x )
9 3 3 21
(A) (B) (C) − (D) −
4 5 2 4

( )
7. Which of the following is the Maclaurin series for x cos x 2 ?
x5 x9 x13
(A) x − + − +L
2! 4! 6!
x3 x5 x7
(B) x − + − +L
2! 4! 6!
x 7 x11 x15
(C) x 3 − + − +L
3! 5! 7!
x5 x7 x9
(D) x 3 − + − +L
3! 5! 7!
10 − 6x 2
8. lim is
x→∞ 5 + 3e x
(A) −2 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) nonexistent

9. The function f is not differentiable at x = 5. Which of the following statements must be true?
(A) f is not continuous at x = 5.

(B) lim f (x ) does not exist.
x→5
f (x ) − f (5)
(C) lim does not exist.
x→5 x−5
5
(D) ∫0 f (x) dx does not exist.
10. The second derivative of a function f is given by f ≤(x ) = x(x − 3)5 (x − 10)2. At which of the following values
of x does the graph of f have a point of inflection?
(A) 3 only
(B) 0 and 3 only
(C) 3 and 10 only
(D) 0, 3, and 10

p
⌠ ex − 1
11.  x dx =
⌡0 e − x
(A) e p − p − 1 (B) ln(e p − p) − 1 (C) p − ln p (D) ln(e p − p)
x 0 4 8 12 16
f (x ) 8 0 2 10 1
12. The table above gives selected values for the differentiable function f. In which of the following intervals must
there be a number c such that f ¢(c) = 2 ?
(A) (0, 4) (B) (4, 8) (C) (8, 12) (D) (12, 16)

dy
13. Let y = f (x ) be the solution to the differential equation= x + 2y with initial condition f (0) = 2. What is
dx
the approximation for f (−0.4) obtained by using Euler’s method with two steps of equal length starting
at x = 0 ?
(A) 0.76 (B) 1.20 (C) 1.29 (D) 3.96
9 1 
14. What is the slope of the line tangent to the curve x + y = 2 at the point  ,  ?
 4 4 
1 4
(A) −3 (B) − (C) 1 (D)
3 3

∞
⌠ 6
15.  dx is

⌡1 (x + 3) /
3 2
3
(A) (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) divergent
4
dy
16. If = 2 − y , and if y = 1 when x = 1, then y =
dx
(A) 2 − e x−1 (B) 2 − e1−x (C) 2 − e−x (D) 2 + e−x

17. Which of the following series converges?

∞
1 − n 
(A) ∑ (−1)n  n 

n=1
∞
 n + 1
(B) ∑ (−1)n  
2n 
n=1
∞  2 
n n 
(C) ∑ (−1)  
n=1  3 n 
∞
2 n 
(D) ∑ (−1)n  
n 
n=1

18. Let R be the region in the first and second quadrants between the graphs of the polar curves f (q ) = 3 + 3 cos q
and g(q ) = 4 + 2 cos q , as shaded in the figure above. Which of the following integral expressions gives the
area of R ?
6
(A) ∫− 2 ( g(q ) − f (q)) dq
p
(B) ∫0 ( g(q ) − f (q)) dq
1 p
∫0 ( g(q ) − f (q))
2
(C) dq
2
1 p
∫0 (( g(q)) )
2
(D) − ( f (q ))2 dq
2

∞
(− 1)n n
19. Which of the following statements about the series ∑ is true?
n=1 n2 + 1
∞
1
(A) The series can be shown to diverge by comparison with ∑ n.
n=1
∞
1
(B) The series can be shown to diverge by limit comparison with ∑ n.
n=1
∞
1
(C) The series can be shown to converge by comparison with ∑ 2
.
n=1 n
(D) The series can be shown to converge by the alternating series test.

4 4
20. If ∫1 f (x ) dx = 8 and ∫1 g(x ) dx = −2, which of the following cannot be determined from the information
given?
1
(A) ∫4 g(x ) dx
4
(B) ∫1 3f (x) dx
4
(C) ∫1 3 f (x) g(x) dx
4
(D) ∫1 (3f (x) + g(x)) dx

∞ (x + 4)n
21. Which of the following is the interval of convergence for the series ∑ ?
n=1 n ◊ 5n+1
(A) [−9, 1) (B) [−5, 5) (C) [1, 9) (D) (−∞, ∞)
p
22. What is the slope of the line tangent to the polar curve r = 3q at the point where q = ?
2
p 2
(A) − (B) − (C) 0 (D) 3
2 p

4
23. The definite integral ∫0 x dx is approximated by a left Riemann sum, a right Riemann sum, and a trapezoidal
sum, each with 4 subintervals of equal width. If L is the value of the left Riemann sum, R is the value of the
right Riemann sum, and T is the value of the trapezoidal sum, which of the following inequalities is true?
4
(A) L < ∫0 x dx < T < R
4
(B) L < T < ∫0 x dx < R
4
(C) R < ∫0 x dx < T < L
4
(D) R < T < ∫0 x dx < L

12
24. The graph of the piecewise linear function f is shown above. What is the value of ∫0 f ¢(x ) dx ?
(A) −8 (B) −6 (C) 0 (D) 22

2 2
25. The function f has a continuous derivative. If f (0) = 1, f (2) = 5, and ∫0 f (x ) dx = 7, what is ∫0 x ◊ f ¢(x) dx ?
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 10 (D) 17
26. Which of the following series are conditionally convergent?

∞
(− 1)n
I. ∑
n=1 n!
∞
(− 1)n
II. ∑ n
n=1
∞
(− 1)n
III. ∑
n=1 n + 2
(A) I only (B) II only (C) II and III only (D) I, II, and III

27. Let R be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the graph of y = x − 1 , the x-axis, and the vertical line
x = 10. Which of the following integrals gives the volume of the solid generated by revolving R about the
y-axis?
10
(A) p ∫1 (x − 1) dx
10
(B) p ∫1 (100 − (x − 1)) dx
3 2
⌠
(
(C) p  10 − y 2 + 1
⌡0
( )) dy
3
⌠  2
(D) p 
⌡0  ( )  dy
100 − y 2 + 1

dy d 2y
28. If
dx
dt
= 5 and
dt
()
= sin t 2 , then 2 is
dx
()
2 t cos t 2 ()
2t cos t 2
()
(A) 2 t cos t 2
(B)
5
(C)
25
(D) undefined

1 1 1 1 1 
29. Which of the following expressions is equal to lim  + + +L+ n  ?
n →∞ n  1 2 3 2 + 
 2 + 2 + 2 + n 
n n n
2
⌠ 1
(A)  dx
⌡1 x
1
⌠ 1
(B)  dx
⌡0 2 + x
2
⌠ 1
(C)  dx
⌡0 2 + x
3
⌠ 1
(D)  dx
⌡2 2 + x

1 3
30. A function f has a Maclaurin series given by 2 + 3x + x 2 + x + L, and the Maclaurin series converges to
3
f (x ) for all real numbers x. If g is the function defined by g(x ) = e f (x), what is the coefficient of x 2 in the
Maclaurin series for g ?
1 2 5 2 11 2
(A) e (B) e2 (C) e (D) e
2 2 2
END OF PART A
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,
YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON PART A ONLY.
DO NOT GO ON TO PART B UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
-23-
B B B B B B B B B
CALCULUS BC
SECTION I, Part B
Time—45 minutes
A GRAPHING CALCULATOR IS REQUIRED FOR SOME QUESTIONS ON THIS PART OF THE EXAM.
Directions: Solve each of the following problems, using the available space for scratch work. After examining the
form of the choices, decide which is the best of the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer
sheet. No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet. Do not spend too much time on any one
problem.
BE SURE YOU FILL IN THE CIRCLES ON THE ANSWER SHEET THAT CORRESPOND TO
QUESTIONS NUMBERED 76–90.
YOU MAY NOT RETURN TO QUESTIONS NUMBERED 1–30.
In this exam:
(1) The exact numerical value of the correct answer does not always appear among the choices given. When this
happens, select from among the choices the number that best approximates the exact numerical value.
(2) Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which
f (x ) is a real number.
(3) The inverse of a trigonometric function f may be indicated using the inverse function notation f − 1 or with the
prefix “arc” (e.g., sin−1 x = arcsin x).

B B B B B B B B B
76. The function f is continuous on the closed interval [0, 5]. The graph of f ¢, the derivative of f, is shown above.
On which of the following intervals is f increasing?
(A) [0, 1] and [2, 4]

(B) [0, 1] and [3, 5]
(C) [0, 1] and [4, 5] only
(D) [0, 2] and [4, 5]
dy 2
77. If = 6e−0.08 (t − 5) , by how much does y change as t changes from t = 1 to t = 6 ?
dt
(A) 3.870 (B) 8.341 (C) 18.017 (D) 22.583

B B B B B B B B B
78. The function f has the property that lim− f (x ) = +∞ , lim+ f (x ) = −∞ , lim f (x ) = 2, and lim f (x ) = 2 .
x→1 x→1 x→−∞ x→+∞
Of the following, which could be the graph of f ?
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

B B B B B B B B B
79. Tara’s heart rate during a workout is modeled by the differentiable function h, where h(t ) is measured in beats
per minute and t is measured in minutes from the start of the workout. Which of the following expressions gives
Tara’s average heart rate from t = 30 to t = 60 ?
60
(A) ∫30 h(t ) dt
1 60
(B)
30 ∫30 h(t) dt
1 60
(C)
30 ∫30 h¢(t) dt
h¢(30) + h¢(60)
(D)
2

B B B B B B B B B
80. The function f has derivatives of all orders for all real numbers with f (2) = −1, f ¢(2) = 4 , f ≤(2) = 6,
and f ¢¢¢(2) = 12 . Using the third-degree Taylor polynomial for f about x = 2, what is the approximation
of f (2.1) ?
(A) −0.570 (B) −0.568 (C) −0.566 (D) −0.528
81. Let f be a function with derivative given by f ¢(x ) = x 3 + 1 . What is the length of the graph of y = f (x) from
x = 0 to x = 1.5 ?
(A) 4.266 (B) 2.497 (C) 2.278 (D) 1.976

B B B B B B B B B
82. Let h be a continuous function of x. Which of the following could be a slope field for a differential equation of
dy
the form = h(x ) ?
dx
(A) (B)
(C) (D)

B B B B B B B B B

 k 3 + x for x < 3


f (x ) = 
 16

 for x ≥ 3
 2
k − x

83. Let f be the function defined above, where k is a positive constant. For what value of k, if any, is f continuous?
(A) 2.081 (B) 2.646 (C) 8.550 (D) There is no such value of k.
84. Let f be a differentiable function. The figure above shows the graph of the line tangent to the graph of f
at x = 0 . Of the following, which must be true?
(A) f ¢(0) = − f (0)

(B) f ¢(0) < f (0)
(C) f ¢(0) = f (0)
(D) f ¢(0) > f (0)

B B B B B B B B B
85. A referee moves along a straight path on the side of an athletic field. The velocity of the referee is given by
v(t ) = 4(t − 6) cos(2t + 5), where t is measured in minutes and v(t) is measured in meters per minute. What is
the total distance traveled by the referee, in meters, from time t = 2 to time t = 6 ?
(A) 3.933 (B) 14.578 (C) 21.667 (D) 29.156

B B B B B B B B B
86. The graph of the function f shown above consists of three line segments. Let h be the function defined by
x
h(x ) = ∫0 f (t) dt . At what value of x does h attain its absolute maximum on the interval [−4, 3] ?
(A) −4 (B) −2 (C) 0 (D) 3

B B B B B B B B B
87. The position of a particle moving in the xy-plane is given by the parametric equations x(t ) = e− t and
y(t ) = sin(4t) for time t ≥ 0. What is the speed of the particle at time t = 1.2 ?
(A) 1.162 (B) 1.041 (C) 0.462 (D) 0.221
1 4 2 3 1 2 1
88. Let f be the function defined by f (x ) = x − x + x − x . For how many values of x in the open
4 3 2 2
interval (0, 1.565) is the instantaneous rate of change of f equal to the average rate of change of f on the closed
interval [0, 1.565] ?
(A) Zero (B) One (C) Three (D) Four

B B B B B B B B B
89. The population P of rabbits on a small island grows at a rate that is jointly proportional to the size of the rabbit
population and the difference between the rabbit population and the carrying capacity of the population. If the
carrying capacity of the population is 2400 rabbits, which of the following differential equations best models
the growth rate of the rabbit population with respect to time t, where k is a constant?
dP
(A) = 2400 − kP
dt
dP
(B) = k(2400 − P)
dt
dP 1
(C) = k (2400 − P)
dt P
dP
(D) = kP(2400 − P)
dt
90. A region is bounded by two concentric circles, as shown by the shaded region in the figure above. The radius of
the outer circle, R, is increasing at a constant rate of 2 inches per second. The radius of the inner circle, r, is
decreasing at a constant rate of 1 inch per second. What is the rate of change, in square inches per second, of
the area of the region at the instant when R is 4 inches and r is 3 inches?
(A) 3p (B) 6p (C) 10p (D) 22p

B B B B B B B B B
END OF SECTION I

YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON PART B ONLY.
DO NOT GO ON TO SECTION II UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
_______________________________________________________
MAKE SURE YOU HAVE DONE THE FOLLOWING.
• PLACED YOUR AP NUMBER LABEL ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET

• WRITTEN AND GRIDDED YOUR AP NUMBER CORRECTLY ON YOUR
ANSWER SHEET
• TAKEN THE AP EXAM LABEL FROM THE FRONT OF THIS BOOKLET
AND PLACED IT ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET
-37-
AP Calculus BC Exam
®
SECTION II: Free Response 2019

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET OR BREAK THE SEALS ON PART B UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
At a Glance
Total Time
1 hour and 30 minutes
Number of Questions
6
Percent of Total Score
50%
Writing Instrument
Either pencil or pen with
black or dark blue ink
Weight
The questions are
weighted equally, but
the parts of a question
are not necessarily
given equal weight.
Part A Instructions
Number of Questions The questions for Section II are printed in this booklet. Do not break the seals on Part B
2 until you are told to do so. Write your solution to each part of each question in the space
Time provided. Write clearly and legibly. Cross out any errors you make; erased or crossed-out
30 minutes
work will not be scored.
Electronic Device
Graphing calculator Manage your time carefully. During Part A, work only on the questions in Part A. You
required are permitted to use your calculator to solve an equation, find the derivative of a function
Percent of Section II Score at a point, or calculate the value of a definite integral. However, you must clearly indicate
33.33%
the setup of your question, namely the equation, function, or integral you are using. If you
Part B use other built-in features or programs, you must show the mathematical steps necessary
to produce your results. During Part B, you may continue to work on the questions in
Number of Questions
4 Part A without the use of a calculator.
Time As you begin each part, you may wish to look over the questions before starting to work
1 hour on them. It is not expected that everyone will be able to complete all parts of all questions.
Electronic Device
None allowed • Show all of your work, even though a question may not explicitly remind you to do so.
Percent of Section II Score Clearly label any functions, graphs, tables, or other objects that you use. Justifications
66.67% require that you give mathematical reasons, and that you verify the needed conditions
under which relevant theorems, properties, definitions, or tests are applied. Your work
will be scored on the correctness and completeness of your methods as well as your
answers. Answers without supporting work will usually not receive credit.
• Your work must be expressed in standard mathematical notation rather than calculator
5
syntax. For example, x2 dx may not be written as fnInt(X2, X, 1, 5).
1
• Unless otherwise specified, answers (numeric or algebraic) need not be simplified. If you
use decimal approximations in calculations, your work will be scored on accuracy.
Unless otherwise specified, your final answers should be accurate to three places after
the decimal point.
• Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function f is assumed to be the set of all
real numbers x for which f x is a real number.
Form I
Form Code 4PBP4-S
68
CALCULUS BC
SECTION II, Part A
Time—30 minutes
A GRAPHING CALCULATOR IS REQUIRED FOR THESE QUESTIONS.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1. The rate at which cars enter a parking lot is modeled by E (t ) = 30 + 5(t − 2)(t − 5)e− 0.2t . The rate at
which cars leave the parking lot is modeled by the differentiable function L. Selected values of L(t ) are given
in the table above. Both E (t ) and L(t ) are measured in cars per hour, and time t is measured in hours after
5 A.M. (t = 0). Both functions are defined for 0 £ t £ 12.
(a) What is the rate of change of E (t ) at time t = 7 ? Indicate units of measure.
Do not write beyond this border.

(b) How many cars enter the parking lot from time t = 0 to time t = 12 ? Give your answer to the nearest
whole number.
-4- Continue question 1 on page 5.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(c) Use a trapezoidal sum with the four subintervals indicated by the data in the table to approximate
12 12
∫2 L(t ) dt . Using correct units, explain the meaning of ∫2 L(t ) dt in the context of this problem.

(d) For 0 £ t < 6 , 5 dollars are collected from each car entering the parking lot. For 6 £ t £ 12, 8 dollars are
collected from each car entering the parking lot. How many dollars are collected from the cars entering the
parking lot from time t = 0 to time t = 12 ? Give your answer to the nearest whole dollar.

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2. A laser is a device that produces a beam of light. A design, shown above, is etched onto a flat piece of metal
using a moving laser. The position of the laser at time t seconds is represented by (x(t), y(t )) in the xy-plane.

Both x and y are measured in centimeters, and t is measured in seconds. The laser starts at position (0, 0) at
dx
time t = 0, and the design takes 3.1 seconds to complete. For 0 £ t £ 3.1,
dt
( )
= 3 cos t 2 and
dy
= 4 cos(2.5t).
dt
(a) Find the speed of the laser at time t = 3 seconds.
(b) Find the total distance traveled by the laser from time t = 1 to time t = 3 seconds.

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(c) The laser is farthest to the right at time t = 1.253 seconds. Find the x-coordinate of the laser’s rightmost
position.
(d) What is the difference between the y-coordinates of the laser’s highest position and lowest position

for 0 £ t £ 3.1 ? Justify your answer.

END OF PART A
YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON PART A ONLY.
DO NOT GO ON TO PART B UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
-8-
CALCULUS BC
SECTION II, Part B
Time—1 hour
NO CALCULATOR IS ALLOWED FOR THESE QUESTIONS.
DO NOT BREAK THE SEALS UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
-13-
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED



 9 − x2 for −3 £ x £ 0

f (x ) = 





−x + 3 cos ( )
px
2
for 0 < x £ 4
3. Let f be the function defined above.
(a) Find the average rate of change of f on the interval − 3 £ x £ 4.

(b) Write an equation for the line tangent to the graph of f at x = 3.

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
(c) Find the average value of f on the interval − 3 £ x £ 4.

(d) Must there be a value of x at which f (x ) attains an absolute maximum on the closed interval
− 3 £ x £ 4 ? Justify your answer.

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

4. The continuous function f is defined for −4 £ x £ 4. The graph of f, shown above, consists of two line
1 1 5
segments and portions of three parabolas. The graph has horizontal tangents at x = − , x = , and x = .
2 2 2
It is known that f (x ) = −x 2 + 5x − 4 for 1 £ x £ 4 . The areas of regions A and B bounded by the graph
x
of f and the x-axis are 3 and 5, respectively. Let g be the function defined by g(x ) = ∫− 4 f (t) dt .
(a) Find g(0) and g(4).

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
(b) Find the absolute minimum value of g on the closed interval [−4, 4]. Justify your answer.

(c) Find all intervals on which the graph of g is concave down. Give a reason for your answer.

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5. The graph of the curve C, given by 4x 2 + 3y 2 + 6y = 9, is shown in the figure above.
dy −4x

(a) Show that = .

dx 3(y + 1)
d 2y
(b) Using the information from part (a), find in terms of x and y.
dx 2

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
3 dr
(c) In polar coordinates, the curve C is given by r = for 0 £ q £ 2p . Find .
2 + sin q dq
As q increases, on what intervals is the distance between the origin and the point (r, q) increasing?
Give a reason for your answer.

(d) Let S be the region inside curve C, as defined in part (c), but outside the curve r = 2 . Write, but do not
evaluate, an integral expression for the area of S.

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
∞ (−1)n+1(x − 3)n
6. Consider the series ∑ , where p is a constant and p > 0.
n=1 ◊
5n n p
(a) For p = 3 and x = 8, does the series converge absolutely, converge conditionally, or diverge? Explain
your reasoning.

(b) For p = 1 and x = 8, does the series converge absolutely, converge conditionally, or diverge? Explain
your reasoning.

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
(c) When x = −2, for what values of p does the series converge? Explain your reasoning.

(d) When p = 1 and x = 3.1 , the series converges to a value S. Use the first two terms of the series to
approximate S. Use the alternating series error bound to show that this approximation differs from S by
1
less than .
300,000

STOP
END OF EXAM
____________________________________
THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS APPLY TO THE COVERS OF THE

SECTION II BOOKLET.
• MAKE SURE YOU HAVE COMPLETED THE IDENTIFICATION
INFORMATION AS REQUESTED ON THE FRONT AND BACK
COVERS OF THE SECTION II BOOKLET.
• CHECK TO SEE THAT YOUR AP NUMBER LABEL APPEARS IN
THE BOX ON THE FRONT COVER.
• MAKE SURE YOU HAVE USED THE SAME SET OF AP
NUMBER LABELS ON ALL AP EXAMS YOU HAVE TAKEN
THIS YEAR.
-22-
I
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0 S RF F R R F
R R R
4 Q
Skill Learning Objective Topic
The Fundamental
1.E FUN-6.B Theorem of Calculus
and Definite Integrals
(A) Correct. This question involves using the basic power rule for
antidifferentiation and correctly substituting the endpoints and
evaluating, as follows.
∫( − ) = − =( − )− ( − )= − =
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the antidifferentiation was

not done and the endpoints were substituted directly into the
integrand, as follows.
− =( − )−( − )= − =
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the integrand was

differentiated rather than antidifferentiated, as follows.
− =( − )−( − )= − =
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the powers of were not
divided by the new exponent when the power rule for antiderivatives
was applied, as follows.
− =( − )−( − ) = − =
4 Q
Using the First

3.D FUN-4.A Derivative Test to Find
Relative (Local) Extrema
(A) Correct. A local minimum for will occur where the derivative ′
changes sign from negative to positive.
′( ) = − − = ( − − )= ( + )( − )
The zeros of ′ are at = − and = A sign chart shows that
′ changes from negative to positive at = Another way to see
this is to observe that the graph of ′ is a parabola opening up so
that the graph crosses the -axis from negative to positive at the
larger zero, =
(B) Incorrect. This is a zero of the second derivative
′′( ) = − = ( − ) where ′′ changes sign from negative to
positive. Therefore, = is a point of inflection of the graph of
not the location of a local minimum. This response might also have
been chosen if the derivative had been incorrectly factored as
( − )( + ) Then = is a zero of this expression where the
sign changes from negative to positive.
(C) Incorrect. This is a zero of the derivative ′ where ′ changes sign
from positive to negative. Therefore, = − is the location of a local
maximum of not a local minimum.
(D) Incorrect. This response might have been chosen if the derivative
had been incorrectly factored as ( − )( + ) and the zero where
the derivative changes sign from positive to negative was selected.
4 Q
1.E FUN-3.C The Chain Rule

(A) Incorrect. This response might come from incorrectly applying the chain rule
twice as ( ( ( ) ) ) = ′( ′( ) ) as follows.
( ( ) ) = ⋅( ⋅ ( ) )= ⋅ ⋅ ( ( ) )= ( )
(B) Incorrect. This response might come from correctly applying the chain rule
the first time but not the second, as follows.
( ( ) )= ⋅ ( )⋅ ( )= ⋅ ( )⋅
(C) Incorrect. This response might come from using the chain rule only once,
with the innermost “inside” function, as follows.
( ( ) )= ⋅ ( )⋅ ( )= ⋅ ( )⋅
(D) Correct. The chain rule must be used twice for this composition of three
functions.
( ( ) )= ⋅ ( )⋅ ( ( ) )
= ⋅ ( )⋅ ( ⋅ ( ))
= ⋅ ( )⋅ ⋅
=
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Solving Motion

1.E FUN-8.B Problems Using Parametric
and Vector-Valued Functions
(A) Incorrect. This response would result if the chain rule was not used
during the differentiation of the ( ) component of the position vector
resulting in the loss of the negative sign, as follows.
()= ( + ) −
=
+
−
⇒ ( )=
(B) Correct. The components of the velocity vector are the derivatives of the
components of the position vector.
()= ( + ) −
=
+
− −
⇒ ( )= −
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the chain rule was not used
during the differentiation of both components of the position vector, as
follows.
()= ( + ) −
=
+
−
⇒ ( )=
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the chain rule was not used
during the differentiation of the ( ) component of the position vector,
as follows.
()= ( + ) −
=
+
− −
⇒ ( )= −
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Working

3.D LIM-7.A
with Geometric Series
(A) Incorrect. This response might be chosen if the series is correctly
identified as a convergent geometric series with common ratio
= but the first term was taken to be rather than resulting
π π
π
in = =
− π −
−
π
(B)
Correct. The series is a geometric series with first term = and
π
common ratio = Since this ratio is less than the series
π
converges to = π =
− π −
−
π
(C) Incorrect. The sum of the series might have been taken to be the
value of the definite integral used in performing the integral test for
convergence. Let ( )= (π )
∞
=⌠
∞
(π ) ⌠
( ) (π )
∫ ( )  =  =
⌡ →∞ ⌡ π →∞
(π )
=

 π

( ) 

− π = − π = π =
→∞ 

 π ( ) ( )
π


 π
−
π ( )
π
π
( ) ( )
(D) Incorrect. This response might be chosen if the series is correctly
identified as a geometric series with common ratio = but the
π
ratio is thought to be greater than
4 Q
1.E FUN-3.B The Quotient Rule

(A) Correct. The derivative of is found by using the quotient rule.
′′( ) ( ) − ′( ) ′( )
′( ) =
( ( ))
The values for the functions and derivatives at = are obtained from the table.
′′( ) ( ) − ′( ) ′( ) ( )( − ) − ( − )( ) − +
′( ) = = = =
( ( )) (− )
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the derivative of a quotient was taken to be
the quotient of the derivatives, as follows.
′′( ) ′′( )
′( ) = ⇒ ′( ) = =
′( ) ′( )
(C) Incorrect. This response comes from only differentiating the numerator in the
quotient, as follows.
′′( ) ′′( )
′( ) = ⇒ ′( ) = = =−
( ) ( ) −
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the terms in the numerator were added
rather than subtracted in the quotient rule, as follows.
′′( ) ( ) + ′( ) ′( ) ( )( − ) + ( − )( ) − −
′( ) = ⇒ ′( ) = = =−
( ( )) (− )
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Representing

2.C LIM-8.G
Functions as Power Series
(A) Correct. Beginning with the Maclaurin series for is substituted to
obtain the Maclaurin series for ( ) This series is then multiplied term-
by-term by
= − + − +L
( ) ( ) ( )
( )= − + − +L = − + − +L
 
( )=  −

+ − + L =

− + − +L
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the Maclaurin series for was
used, but there was no substitution of before multiplication by
= − + − +L
 
=  − + − + L = − + − +L
 
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the Maclaurin series for was
used instead of the series for
= − + − +L
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) =( )− + − +L = − + − +L
 
( )= 

− + − + L =

− + − +L
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the Maclaurin series for was
used, and the series was multiplied by
= − + − +L
 
=  − + − + L = − + − +L
 
4 Q
Connecting Limits at
2.B LIM-2.D Infinity and Horizontal
Asymptotes
(A) Incorrect. This response might come from treating the problem like
the limit of a rational function as goes to infinity when the
numerator and denominator are polynomials of the same degree. If
only the coefficients of the term and the term are considered,
−
it might be thought that the limit would be =−
(B) −
Correct. The numerator of is a translated power function
+
and the denominator is a translated exponential function. Since the
exponential function grows faster than the power function
the relative magnitude of the denominator compared to the
numerator will result in this expression converging to as goes to
infinity.
(C) Incorrect. This response might come from treating the problem like
the limit of a rational function as goes to If only the constant
terms are considered, it might be thought that the limit would be
(D) Incorrect. It might be thought that the limit is nonexistent since the
numerator goes to −∞ and the denominator goes to +∞ as goes
to infinity, but this does not take into account the relative magnitude
of the exponential function in the denominator compared to the
quadratic term in the numerator as gets larger.
4 Q
Defining Average and

3.B CHA-2.B Instantaneous Rates of
Change at a Point
(A) Incorrect. This statement could be false. A function can be
continuous at a point without it being differentiable at that point. For
example, ( ) = − is continuous at = but not
differentiable there.
(B) Incorrect. This statement could be false. For example, if
( )= − then is not differentiable at = but
( )=
→
(C) ( )− ( )
Correct. The expression is one form of the
→ −
definition of the derivative of at = Since is not
differentiable at = however, this limit does not exist.
(D) Incorrect. This statement could be false. The definite integral can be
found if is continuous even if is not differentiable at one of
the endpoints. For example, if ( ) = − , then is not
differentiable at = but ∫ ( ) = ( )( ) =
4 Q
Determining Concavity
2.B FUN-4.A of Functions over Their
Domains
(A) Incorrect. This response would result if the change of sign of the
second derivative ′′ at = is detected, but the change in sign at
= is overlooked.
(B) Correct. A point of inflection occurs where the second derivative ′′
changes sign. The zeros of ′′( ) occur at = = and
= Constructing a sign chart with the three factors
( − ) and ( − ) shows that ′′( ) is positive for <
negative for < < positive for < < and positive for
> Therefore, the graph of has a point of inflection only at
= and = where ′′( ) changes from positive to negative
and then from negative to positive, respectively.
(C) Incorrect. The second derivative ′′ is positive both to the left and to
the right of = so there is no sign change in ′′( ) at =
Therefore, the graph of does not have a point of inflection at
= There is a sign change in ′′( ) from positive to negative at
= so the graph of does have a point of inflection at = in
addition to the one at =
(D) Incorrect. These are the three zeros of the second derivative ′′ but
′′( ) only changes sign at = and =
4 Q
1.E FUN-6.D Integrating Using Substitution

(A) Incorrect. This response would result if the substitution = − was used in
an attempt to evaluate the definite integral.
= − ⇒ = − ⇒ = When = = − =
−
When = π = π −π
Only the substitutions for and for the limits of integration were made,
however, and not for − as follows.
π π −π π −π
⌠ −

⌡ −
= ∫ = = ( π − π) −
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the substitution = − was correctly
used in an attempt to evaluate the definite integral, but the evaluation used
= rather than =
= − ⇒ = − ⇒ = When = = − =
−
When =π = π
−π
Substituting for − for and for the limits of integration gives

⌠ −

⌡ −
=⌠
⌡
= = ( π − π) − = (π −π − )
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the integrand was incorrectly simplified
as − and then either the antiderivative was only evaluated at the upper limit
or was taken to equal as follows.
(− )
π π
⌠ −
=⌠
 =( −
π
) =π − π
 ⌡
⌡ −
(D) Correct. This integral can be evaluated by using substitution of variables with
= −
= − ⇒ = − ⇒ = When = = − =
−
When =π = π
−π
Substituting for − for and for the limits of integration gives

⌠ −

⌡ −
=⌠
⌡
= = ( π −π) − = (π )
−π −
= ( π − π)
4 Q
Using the Mean Value

3.D FUN-1.B
Theorem
(A) Incorrect. This interval might be chosen because of an error in
computing the average rate of change over the interval as
( )− ( ) −
= = rather than
( )− ( ) −
= =−
− −
(B) Incorrect. This interval might be chosen because of an error in
computing the average rate of change over the interval as
− ( )− ( ) −
= = rather than = =
( )− ( ) − −
(C) Correct. The function is continuous on the closed interval [ ]
and differentiable on the open interval ( ) By the Mean Value
Theorem, there is a number in the interval ( ) such that
( )− ( ) −
′( ) = = =
−
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the Intermediate Value
Theorem was used instead of the Mean Value Theorem to select the
open interval ( ) where ( ) = for some number in the
interval.
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Approximating Solutions

1.E FUN-7.C
Using Euler's Method
(A)
Correct. Euler’s method for the differential equation = ( )= + can be
written as + = + ( ) Δ , where Δ is the step size. Then is an
− −
approximation for ( ) Here the step size is Δ = = − 0.2, since there
are two steps of equal length.
= =
= − = + ( ) Δ = 2 + ( 0 + 2 ( 2 ) ) ( −0.2 ) = 2 + ( 4 )( −0.2 ) = 1.2
=−
= + ( ) Δ = 1.2 + ( −0.2 + 2 (1.2 ) ) ( −0.2 ) = 1.2 + ( 2.2 )( −0.2 ) = 0.76
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if only the first step was done using Euler’s
method for the differential equation = ( )= +

= =
= − = + ( ) Δ = 2 + ( 0 + 2 ( 2 ) ) ( −0.2 ) = 2 + ( 4 )( −0.2 ) = 1.2
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the step size was taken to be Δ = −0.1
rather than Δ = −0.2. As a result, this response was the approximation for
( − ) rather than for ( − )
= =
= − = + ( ) Δ = 2 + ( 0 + 2 ( 2 ) ) ( −0.1) = 2 + ( 4 )( − 0.1) = 1.6
=−
= + ( ) Δ = 1.6 + ( −0.1 + 2 (1.6 ) ) ( − 0.1) = 1.6 + ( 3.1)( − 0.1) = 1.29
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the step size was taken to be Δ = 0.2 rather
than Δ = −0.2. As a result, this response was the approximation for ( ) rather
than for ( − )
= =
= = + ( ) Δ = 2 + ( 0 + 2 ( 2 ) ) ( 0.2 ) = 2 + ( 4 )( 0.2 ) = 2.8
=
= + ( ) Δ = 2.8 + ( 0.2 + 2 ( 2.8 ) ) ( 0.2 ) = 2.8 + ( 5.8 )( 0.2 ) = 3.96
4 Q
1.E FUN-3.D Implicit Differentiation

(A) Incorrect. This response would result if the equation obtained by
implicit differentiation was solved incorrectly for as follows.
+ = ⇒ =−
=− =− =−
( )
It would also be obtained if the expression for had been correctly
found but the - and -values were reversed when substituting into
the first derivative, as follows.
+ = ⇒ =−
=− =− =−
( )
(B)
Correct. The slope of the tangent line is the value of at the point
( ) During the implicit differentiation to find both the

power rule and the chain rule are needed.
+ =
The point ( ) is on the curve, since = and = satisfy the

equation + = At this point,
+ = ⇒ + = ⇒ =−
() ()
(C) Incorrect. This response might come from observing the symmetry
of the expressions for and in the equation of the curve and
concluding that the derivative expressions will be symmetric, leading
to a slope of without considering that the - and -coordinates of
the given point are not the same.
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the method of implicit
differentiation was incorrectly applied by taking the derivative of the
expression + without consideration of the chain rule and
setting the result equal to as follows.
= + ⇒ = + = + =
( )
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Evaluating

1.E LIM-6.A
Improper Integrals
(A) Incorrect. This response would result if the integrand was just
evaluated at the lower limit, = rather than antidifferentiated, as
follows.
= = =
( + ) =
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if in applying the power rule
for antiderivatives, the power of ( + ) was not divided by the new
exponent, as follows.
∞  
⌠ ⌠  
 = = −
→∞  →∞  
⌡ ( + ) ⌡ ( + )  ( + ) 
 
 
= − + = + =
→∞  
 ( + ) 
(C) Correct. This is an improper integral, since the region over which
the integrand is being integrated is unbounded. The
antidifferentiation is an application of the power rule.
∞  
⌠ ⌠  
 = = −
→∞  →∞  
⌡ ( + ) ⌡ ( + )  ( + ) 
 
 
= − + = + =
→∞  
 ( + ) 
(D) Incorrect. This response might come from assuming that the definite
integral of a function integrated over an unbounded region will
always diverge.
4 Q
Finding General
1.E FUN-7.D Solutions Using
Separation of Variables
(A) Incorrect. This response would result if a chain rule error was made
during the antidifferentiation of the term.
= − ⇒ =
−
⌠

⌡ −
= ∫ ⇒ − = +
= + ⇒ = −
−
− = − ⇒ − =
Since − > at the initial value = the solution would be
− −
− = or = −
(B) Correct. The differential equation can be solved using separation of
variables and the initial condition to determine the appropriate value
for the arbitrary constant.
= − ⇒ =
−
⌠

⌡ −
= ∫ ⇒− − = +
− = + ⇒ = −
−
− − = − ⇒ − =− + ⇒ − =
Since − > at the initial value = the solution to the
− −
differential equation is − = or = −
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if an arbitrary constant was not
included during the antidifferentiation.
= − ⇒ =
−
⌠
∫
−
 = ⇒− − = ⇒ − =
⌡ −
Since − > at the initial value = the solution would be
− −
− = or = −
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if an arbitrary constant was not
included during the antidifferentiation and the incorrect sign was
taken for the absolute value when solving for
= − ⇒ =
−
⌠
∫
−
 = ⇒− − = ⇒ − =
⌡ −
− −
− =− ⇒ = +
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Alternating

3.D LIM-7.A Series Test for
Convergence
(A) Incorrect. This series diverges by the term test since
(− ) − = −
= ≠
→∞ →∞
(B) Incorrect. This series diverges by the term test since
(− ) + = +
= ≠
→∞ →∞
(C) Incorrect. This series diverges by the term test since
(− ) = does not exist.

→∞ →∞
∞ ∞
( ) satisfies the
(D)
Correct. The series ∑ ( − )  =


∑ (− )
= =
three conditions: (1) the series is alternating, (2) = and

→∞
(3) the terms = are decreasing since < for all

+
≥ Therefore, the series converges by the alternating series test.
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Finding the

Area of the
1.C CHA-5.D
Region Bounded by Two
Polar Curves
(A) Incorrect. This response comes from using a rectangular form for area
instead of a polar form for area, as if the curves were treated as
functions of in terms of The region appears to lie above the
interval [ − ] on the -axis.
∫− ( ( ) − ( )) = ∫− ( ( ) − ( ))
(B) Incorrect. This response comes from using a rectangular form of the
area instead of a polar form for area, as if the curves were treated as
functions of in terms of but expressing the limits in terms of the
polar angle θ
π π
∫ ( ( )− ( )) = ∫ ( ( ) − ( ))
(C) Incorrect. The square of the difference between the two polar curves
was integrated rather than the difference of the squares.
π π
∫ ( (θ ) − (θ ) ) θ = ∫ ( (θ ) − (θ ) ) θ
(D) Correct. The area bounded by the two polar curves can be found with a
definite integral. Let be the smaller radius, and let be the larger
radius. The graphs of the two polar curves bound the region over
the domain ≤ θ ≤ π Then the area of is given by
∫ (( )
π π π
∫ ( (θ ) ) θ − ∫ ( (θ ) ) θ = (θ ) ) − ( (θ ) ) θ
∫ (( )
π
= (θ ) ) − ( (θ ) ) θ
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Alternating

3.B LIM-7.A Series Test for
Convergence
(A) ∞
Incorrect. The series ∑= is the divergent harmonic series. However,
< so this inequality goes the wrong way to use the

+
∞
comparison test to show that the series ∑ +
diverges. In
=
∞
addition, the divergence of the positive series ∑ does not imply
=
∞
that the series ∑= diverges.
(B) ∞
Incorrect. The series ∑= is the divergent harmonic series. Since
+ = = the limit comparison test shows

→∞ →∞ +
∞
that the series ∑= +
also diverges. However, it cannot be
∞ −
( )
concluded from that the alternating series ∑= +
diverges. The
∞
divergence of the positive series ∑ does not imply that the
=
∞
series ∑ diverges.
=
(C) ∞
Incorrect. The series ∑ is a convergent -series with
=
= > However, for all > so this inequality

<
+
goes the wrong way to use the comparison test to show that the series
∞ ∞
(− )
∑ +
converges and that therefore ∑ +
is absolutely
= =
convergent.
4 Q Q Q
(D) ∞
(− )
Correct. The series ∑= +
satisfies the three conditions: (1) the
series is alternating, (2) = and (3) the terms

→∞ +
= are decreasing. Therefore, the series converges by the
+
alternating series test.
To verify that the terms = are decreasing, consider the
+
following.
+
+ < ⇔ <
( + ) + +
⇔ + + + < + +
⇔ < +
The last inequality is true for all ≥
Alternatively, if ( )= then = ( ) and the function
+
is decreasing because ′( ) =
( )−+
=
−
<
( + ) ( + )
for >
4 Q
Applying Properties of
1.C FUN-6.A
Definite Integrals
(A) Incorrect. The value of this integral can be determined using the
properties of the definite integral, as follows.
∫ ( ) = −∫ ( ) = − (− ) =
(B) Incorrect. The value of this integral can be determined using the
∫ ( ) = ⋅∫ ( ) = ⋅ =
(C) Correct. It is not true in general that
∫ ( ) ( ) = ∫ ( ) ⋅∫ ( ) so the individual
values of ∫ ( ) and ∫ ( ) cannot be used to determine
the value of ∫ ( ) ( ) For example, if ( )= and
( )=− then ∫ ( ) = ∫ ( ) =− and
∫ ( ) ( ) =⌠ − =− However, if
⌡
( )= ( − ) and ( ) = − ( − ) then ∫ ( ) =
and ∫ ( ) = − as before, but now
∫ ( ) ( ) =⌠ − ( − ) =−
⌡
(D) Incorrect. The value of this integral can be determined using the
∫ ( ( ) + ( )) = ∫ ( ) + ∫ ( )
= ⋅∫ ( ) + ∫ ( ) = ⋅ + (− ) =
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Radius and Interval of

3.D LIM-8.D
Convergence of Power Series
(A) Correct. The ratio test can be used to determine the interval of convergence.
+
+ ( + ) ⋅ + +
= ⋅ = ⋅ = + <
→∞ →∞ ( + ) ⋅ +
( + ) →∞ +
⇒ + < ⇒− < <
Now check the endpoints of the interval.
∞ ∞
(− )
At =− the series is ∑=
⋅ + =
= ∑ (− ) which converges since it is a
multiple of the alternating harmonic series.

∞ ∞
At = the series is ∑= ⋅ +
= ∑= , which diverges since it is a multiple of
the harmonic series.

Therefore, the interval of convergence is − ≤ <
(B) Incorrect. The ratio test might have been used to correctly determine that the radius
of convergence is but the interval was taken to be centered at
+
+ ⋅
= ⋅ = ⋅ = ⇒ =
→∞ →∞ ( + )⋅ + →∞ +
∞
(− )
At =− the series is ∑= ⋅ +
which converges by the alternating series test.
∞
At = the series is ∑= ⋅ +
which diverges by the term test.
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the ratio test was not used to determine the
radius of convergence. Looking at the form of the general term, the center was
thought to be at = and the radius of convergence was taken to be It was
assumed that the series must converge at one endpoint and diverge at the other.
(D) Incorrect. Errors in applying the ratio test might have led to the conclusion that the
radius of convergence was infinite.
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Defining Polar

1.E FUN-3.G Coordinates and
Differentiating in Polar Form
(A) Incorrect. This response would result if the slope was taken to be
= θ
θ
π
= θ = θ θ ⇒ = θ− θ θ θ =π = −
θ θ=
π
= θ = θ θ ⇒ = θ+ θ θ θ =π =
θ θ=
π
π
−
θ π
= = =−
π
θ=
θ π
θ=
(B)
Correct. The slope of the polar curve is = θ
θ
π
= θ = θ θ ⇒ = θ− θ θ θ =π = −
θ θ=
π
= θ = θ θ ⇒ = θ+ θ θ θ =π =
θ θ=
π
= θ = =−
θ=
π π π
−
θ θ=
π
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the product rule was applied
incorrectly by taking the product of the derivatives.
= θ = θ θ ⇒ =− θ⇒ =− θ θ =π = −
θ θ θ=
π
= θ = θ θ ⇒ = θ ⇒ = θ θ =π =
θ θ θ=
π
= θ = =
θ=
π −
θ θ=
π
(D)
Incorrect. This response would result if the slope was taken to be
θ
rather than
= π =
θ θ=
π θ=
4 Q
Approximating Areas
1.F LIM-5.A
with Riemann Sums
(A) Incorrect. It was correctly determined that the left Riemann sum is
an underestimate and the right Riemann sum is an overestimate of
the definite integral because the function ( ) = is increasing on
the interval [ ] Because the graph of is concave down,
however, the trapezoidal sum is an underestimate, not an
overestimate.
(B) Correct. Because the function ( ) = is increasing on the
interval [ ] the left Riemann sum is an underestimate and the
right Riemann sum is an overestimate of the definite integral, so
< ∫ < Since the graph of is concave down, the

trapezoidal sum is also an underestimate, but it is a closer
approximation to the definite integral than the left Riemann sum.
Therefore, < < ∫ <
(C) Incorrect. This would be the correct response for the graph of a
function that is decreasing and concave up. The graph of
( ) = however, is increasing and concave down, so all the
inequalities are going in the wrong direction.
(D) Incorrect. It was correctly determined that the trapezoidal sum is an
underestimate of the definite integral since the graph of ( ) =
is concave down on the interval [ ] Because the function is
increasing, however, the left Riemann sum is an underestimate and
the right Riemann sum is an overestimate of the definite integral.
This response has reversed those two inequalities.
4 Q
The Fundamental
3.D FUN-6.B Theorem of Calculus
(A) Correct. By the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus,
∫ ′( ) = ( ) − ( ) = (− ) − =− where the values of

at = and = are obtained from the graph.
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the function was
integrated over the interval [ ] rather than ′ as follows.
∫ ( ) = ( )( ) − ( )( ) − ( )( ) = −
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus was incorrectly applied, as follows.
∫ ′( ) = ′( ) − ′( ) = ( − ) − ( − ) =
(D) Incorrect. This response is the total area bounded by the graph of
and the -axis over the interval [ ]
∫ ( ) = ( )( ) + ( )( ) + ( )( ) = + + =
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Using Integration by

1.E FUN-6.E
Parts
(A) Correct. This definite integral can be found using integration by parts, where
∫ = − ∫
= ⇒ = = ′( ) ⇒ = ( )
∫ ⋅ ′( ) = ( ) −∫ ( ) = ( )− = − =
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the technique of integration by parts was
applied incorrectly as follows.
= ⇒ = = ′( ) ⇒ = ( )
∫ ⋅ ′( ) = ( ) − ( ) =( ( ) − ) − ( ( ) − ( )) = − =
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if each factor in the integrand was
antidifferentiated separately, as follows.
∫ ⋅ ′( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( )− =
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if an error was made in the integration by
parts when addition was used instead of subtraction, resulting in
∫ = + ∫
= ⇒ = = ′( ) ⇒ = ( )
∫ ⋅ ′( ) = ( ) +∫ ( ) = ( )+ = + =
4 Q
(BC ONLY)
Determining Absolute
3.D LIM-7.A
or Conditional
Convergence
(A) Incorrect. Series I is absolutely convergent, not conditionally
∞
convergent, since ∑= converges by the ratio test.
(B) Incorrect. Series II was correctly identified as being conditionally

convergent. Series III is also conditionally convergent, since
∞ − ∞
( )
∑= +
converges by the alternating series test but ∑= +
∞
diverges by the limit comparison test with the harmonic series ∑=
(C) Correct. A series ∑ is conditionally convergent if the series
converges but the series of absolute terms ∑ diverges. Each of
the three series in this problem converges by the alternating series
test.
∞ ∞
(− )
The series ∑= is not conditionally convergent, since ∑=
converges by the ratio test (so this series is absolutely convergent).
∞
(− )
The series ∑ is conditionally convergent because the series
=
∞
∑ diverges, since it is a -series with = <
=
∞ −
( )
The series ∑ +
is conditionally convergent because the series
=
∞
∑ +
diverges by the limit comparison test with the harmonic
=
∞
series ∑
=
(D) Incorrect. This response might be chosen because all three series
converge by the alternating series test. To determine whether they
are conditionally convergent, however, it is also necessary to
consider the series of absolute terms ∑ Series I is absolutely
∞
convergent, not conditionally convergent, since ∑ converges by
=
the ratio test.
4 Q
Volume with Washer

1.C CHA-5.C Method - Revolving
Around - or -axis
(A) Incorrect. This response is the volume of the solid generated by
revolving about the -axis rather than the -axis. A typical slice
rotated about the -axis would form a disk of radius = = −
with cross-sectional area ( )=π = π ( − ) The volume of the

solid would be ∫ π( − )
(B) Incorrect. This response is the volume obtained by rotating about the
-axis the region bounded by the graph of = − the
horizontal line = and the vertical lines = and = A
typical slice rotated about the -axis would form a washer with
cross-sectional area ( ) = π −π where the inner radius is
= − and the outer radius is =
(C) Incorrect. For this response, the cross-sectional area of the washer
obtained by rotating a typical slice about the -axis was taken to be
π ( − ) rather than π −π where the inner radius is
= + and the outer radius is =
(D) Correct. Rotating a typical slice about the -axis will form a washer
with inner radius and outer radius where each radius must be
expressed in terms of Since = − the inner radius is
= = +Since the region is bounded on the right by the
vertical line = the outer radius is = The cross-sectional
area of a typical slice rotated about the -axis is therefore
( )=π −π =π ( − ( + ) ) The volume of the solid

is found by using the definite integral of the cross-sectional area for
between and − = as follows.
⌠ π

⌡ ( − ( + ) ) ⌡
⌠
= π ( − ( + ) )
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Second

1.E CHA-3.G Derivatives of
Parametric Equations
(A) Incorrect. This response is the value of
= 


=


( ( )) not the value of = 





The chain rule must be used to find and then used again to find
(B)
Incorrect. The chain rule was correctly used to find =
( )
This response is just   however. Another application of the
 
 
chain rule would be needed to find by dividing   by
 
 
(C)
Correct. By the chain rule, = =
( ) The chain rule is
needed again to find the second derivative, as follows.

  ( )
=  =



 = =
( )
 
 
(D)
Incorrect. This response comes from thinking that =
Since = the quotient would be undefined.

4 Q
Riemann Sums, Summation

2.C LIM-5.C Notation, and Definite
Integral Notation
(A) Incorrect. The sum inside the limit can be interpreted as a right Riemann
 
sum in the form ∑   
 = ∑ ( + Δ ) Δ , where ( )
=
=  +  =
 
and Δ = . The value of Δ corresponds to an interval of length
Since Δ = 2 + for the initial value = the interval starts at

Therefore, the limit of the Riemann sum would be equal to
∫ ( ) =⌠ not ⌠
⌡ ⌡
(B) Correct. The sum inside the limit can be interpreted as a right Riemann
 
sum in the form ∑  
 = ∑ ( Δ ) Δ , where ( )
=
=  +  =
+
 
Since Δ = for the initial value = the interval starts at

Therefore, the limit of the Riemann sum is equal to the definite integral
∫ ( ) =⌠
⌡ +
(C) Incorrect. The sum inside the limit can be interpreted as a right Riemann
 
sum in the form ∑   
 = ∑ ( Δ ) Δ , where ( )
=
=  +  =
+
 
Since Δ = for the initial value = the interval starts at and

therefore the limits on the definite integral should go from to not
to
(D) Incorrect. The sum inside the limit was correctly interpreted as a right
Riemann sum on an interval of length starting at = With that
choice of interval, however, the Riemann sum would be written as
 
 
∑  = ∑ ( + Δ ) Δ , where ( )
= The right Riemann
=  +  =
 
sum using ( )= would correspond to an interval starting at

+
= not =
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Finding Taylor

2.B LIM-8.A Polynomial Approximations
of Functions
(A) Incorrect. This response would result if the chain rule was never used in
′( ) = ( )
finding the first and second derivatives of leading to
( )
and ′′( )= As a result, the coefficient of in the Maclaurin
′′( ) = ( )
series for was computed as =
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the coefficient of in the

Maclaurin series for was taken to be ′′( ) without dividing by In
addition, the chain rule was never used in finding the first and second
′′( ) = ( )
derivatives of leading to =
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the chain rule was correctly used
in finding ′( ) but was not used again when the product rule was used
during the computation of the second derivative, as follows.
′( ) = ′( ) ( )
′′( ) = ′′( ) ( ) + ′( ) ( )
′′( ) = ′′( ) ( ) + ′( ) ( ) = + =
The coefficient of in the Maclaurin series for was found to be
′′( ) =
(D)
Correct. The coefficient of in the Maclaurin series for is ′′( )
( ) ( )
Since ( ) = the chain rule gives ′( ) = ′( ) Using the
product rule and the chain rule again gives
′′( ) = ′′( ) ( )
+ ′( ) ( ′( ) ( )
)=( ′′( ) + ( ′( ) ) ) ( )
The values of ( ) ′( ) and ′′( ) can be determined from the

Maclaurin series for
( )= =
′( ) = =
′′( ) = ⋅ ( )= ⋅ =
Therefore, ′′( ) = ( ′′( ) + ( ′( ) ) ) ( )
=( + ) = and so
the coefficient of in the Maclaurin series for is ( )=

4 Q
Determining Intervals
on Which a Function Is
2.E FUN-4.A
Increasing or
Decreasing
(A) Incorrect. The graph of is concave up where ′ is increasing.
This response might come from switching the roles of the function
and its derivative and thinking that is increasing where the graph
of ′ is concave up. The graph of ′ is concave up on the intervals
( ) and ( )
(B) Incorrect. This response might come from treating the given graph
as the graph of rather than the graph of ′ These are the two
intervals where ′ is increasing.
(C) Incorrect. These are the intervals where both and ′ are
increasing.
(D) Correct. The function is increasing on closed intervals where ′
is positive on the corresponding open intervals. The graph indicates
that ′( ) > on the intervals ( ) and ( ) so is
increasing on the intervals [ ] and [ ]
4 Q
Using Accumulation
Functions and Definite
1.E CHA-4.D
Integrals in Applied
Contexts
(A)
Incorrect. This response is how much changes from = to
= that is, ′( ) − ′( ) = The amount by which
changes from = to = is ( ) − ( ) which can be computed
by using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
(B) Incorrect. This response is the approximation to the change in
along the line tangent to the graph of at = It can also be
interpreted as the approximation to the integral
∫ ′( ) = ( ) − ( ) by using a left Riemann sum with one

interval of length Δ = 5.
Δ ≈ ′(1) Δ = ′(1) ⋅ 5 = 8.341
(C) Incorrect. This response is the approximation to the integral
∫ ′( ) = ( ) − ( ) by using the trapezoidal sum

approximation over one interval of length Δ = 5.
 ′( ) + ′( )  ⋅ Δ =  ′( ) + ′( )  ⋅ 5 = 18.017
   
   
(D) Correct. The change in from = to = is ( ) − ( ) By the
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus,
(− )
∫ ∫
−
( )− ( )= ′( ) = = where the
numerical integration is done with the calculator.
4 Q
Connecting Infinite
2.D LIM-2.D Limits and Vertical
Asymptotes
(A) Incorrect. This graph displays the appropriate behavior as it
approaches the horizontal asymptote at = but in this graph
( ) = − ∞ and ( ) = +∞ which is the opposite
→ − → +
behavior for what the graph of should be doing as it approaches
the vertical asymptote at =
(B) Incorrect. This graph displays the appropriate behavior as it
approaches the vertical asymptote at = but it has = − as a
horizontal asymptote rather than =
(C) Correct. Since ( ) = +∞ and ( ) = −∞ the graph of
→ − → +
approaches the vertical asymptote at = in the upward
direction as approaches from the left and approaches the vertical
asymptote in the downward direction as approaches from the
right. Since ( ) = and ( ) = the graph of
→− ∞ →+ ∞
approaches the horizontal asymptote at = in both horizontal
directions. This graph exhibits these properties and therefore could
be the graph of
(D) Incorrect. This graph has a vertical asymptote at = and a
horizontal asymptote at = rather than a vertical asymptote at
= and a horizontal asymptote at =
4 Q
Finding the Average

3.F CHA-4.B Value of a Function on
an Interval
(A) Incorrect. The definite integral was not divided by the length of the
interval [ ] over which the averaging is done.
(B) Correct. The average value of a function over an interval [ ]
is
− ∫ ( ) Tara’s average heart rate from = to =
is the average value of the function over the interval [ ] and
would therefore be given by the expression

− ∫ ()
(C) Incorrect. This response is the average rate of change of Tara’s heart
rate from = to = not the average of her heart rate over
that interval. By the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, this
( )− ( )
expression is equal to
−
(D) Incorrect. This response is the average of the rate of change of Tara’s
heart rate at the two times = and = not the average of her
heart rate over the interval from = to =
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Finding Taylor

1.E LIM-8.B Polynomial Approximations
of Functions
(A) Incorrect. This response comes from only using three terms of the Taylor
polynomial rather than the Taylor polynomial of degree
(− + ( − )+ ( − ) ) =
=−
(B) Correct. The third-degree Taylor polynomial for about = is the

following.
( ) = ( ) + ′( )( − ) + ′′( )( − ) + ′′′( )( − )
=− + ( − )+ ( − ) + ( − )
=− + ( − )+ ( − ) + ( − )
( )≈ ( )=− + ( )+ ( ) + ( ) =−
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the coefficient of the degree
( ) ( )
term was taken to be
( ) rather than ( )
(− + ( − )+ ( − ) + ( − ) ) =
=−
(D) Incorrect. The coefficient of the degree term was taken to be

( )
( )
( )
rather than
( )
(− + ( − )+ ( − ) + ( − ) ) =
=−
4 Q
(BC ONLY) The Arc Length of a

1.E CHA-6.A Smooth, Planar Curve and
Distance Traveled
(A) Incorrect. This response comes from not taking the square root in the
integrand of the definite integral for the length of a curve, as follows.
∫ ( + ( ′( ) ) ) =⌠ 
  +
⌡ 
( + ) 


= ∫ ( + ) =
(B) Correct. The length of the graph of = ( ) from = to = is given

by the definite integral
∫ + ( ′( ) )
⌡
=⌠
 + (
∫ + ) = + =
where the numerical integration is done with the calculator.

(C) Incorrect. This response comes from not squaring the derivative in the
integrand of the definite integral for the length of a curve, as follows.
∫ + ′( ) = ∫ + ( + ) =
(D) Incorrect. This response is the change in from = to =
( )− ( )= ∫ ′( ) = ∫ + =
4 Q
2.D FUN-7.C Sketching Slope Fields

(A) Correct. In the slope field for a differential equation of the form
= ( ) the slope at a point ( ) depends only on the value of

The line segments in the slope field at each point on a vertical
line perpendicular to the -axis should therefore all have the same
slope. The line segments in this slope field show that behavior and
therefore this could be a slope field for a differential equation of the
form = ( )
(B) Incorrect. In the slope field for a differential equation of the form

slope. The line segments in this slope field do not exhibit that
behavior. The slopes of the line segments depend on both the - and
the -values.
(C) Incorrect. In the slope field for a differential equation of the form

behavior. The slope of the line segment at a point depends only on
the value of This could be a slope field for a differential equation
of the form = ( )
(D) Incorrect. In the slope field for a differential equation of the form

behavior. The slopes of the line segments depend on both the - and
the -values.
4 Q
Removing
3.D LIM-2.C
Discontinuities
(A) Correct. The limit at = exists if the left-hand and right-hand
limits are equal.
( )= ( )⇒ + =
→ − → + −
The solution to this equation for > is = With this
value of ( ) exists and is equal to ( ) Therefore, is
→
continuous at =
(B) Incorrect. This response comes from trying to make the left-hand
and right-hand limits of the derivative equal at = as follows.
 <

′( ) =  >
( − )

′( ) = ′( ) ⇒ =
→ − → +
( − )
The solution to this equation for > is =
(C) Incorrect. In trying to set the left-hand and right-hand limits of
equal at = the might have been substituted for the parameter
rather than the variable as follows.
+ =
−
The positive solution to this equation is =
(D) Incorrect. This response might come from errors that lead to an
equation that has no positive solution. For example, it might come
from trying to make the left-hand and right-hand limits of the
derivative equal at = but also making a chain rule error in the
derivative of the piece for > as follows.
 <
 −
′( ) =  >

 ( − )
′( ) = ′( ) ⇒ −
=
→ −
→ +
( − )
This equation has no solution for
4 Q
Defining the Derivative

2.D CHA-2.C of a Function and Using
Derivative Notation
(A) Incorrect. The slope of the line tangent to the graph of at =
is ′( ) Therefore, ′( ) is negative. Since the tangent line goes
through the point ( ( )) ( ) is also negative. Therefore, it
cannot be true that ′( ) = − ( ) since both are negative.
(B) Incorrect. The slope of the line tangent to the graph of at =
is ′( ) and the tangent line goes through the point ( ( ))
Therefore, ′( ) = − and ( ) = − so it is not true that
′( ) < ( )
(C) Correct. The slope of the line tangent to the graph of at = is
′( ) and the tangent line goes through the point ( ( ))
Therefore, ′( ) = − and ( ) = − so ′( ) = ( )
(D) Incorrect. The slope of the line tangent to the graph of at =
is ′( ) and the tangent line goes through the point ( ( ))
Therefore, ′( ) = − and ( ) = − so it is not true that
′( ) > ( )
4 Q
Connecting Position,
Velocity, and
1.E CHA-4.C
Acceleration Functions
Using Integrals
(A) Incorrect. This response is the referee’s displacement over the time
interval ≤ ≤ rather than the total distance the referee traveled.
∫ () =∫ ( − ) ( + ) =
(B) Incorrect. This response is the absolute value of the referee’s change
in velocity from time = to time =
( )− ( ) =
(C) Correct. The referee’s total distance traveled on the time interval
≤ ≤ is ∫ () = ∫ ( − ) ( + ) =
where the numerical integration is done with the calculator.
(D) Incorrect. This response comes from averaging the referee’s initial
and final velocities on the time interval ≤ ≤ then multiplying
by the length of the time interval.
( )+ ( ) ( )+ ( )
⋅Δ = ⋅ 4 = 29.156
4 Q
Interpreting the Behavior of

2.B FUN-5.A Accumulation Functions Involving
Area
(A) Correct. Because is continuous, the Extreme Value Theorem guarantees the
existence of an absolute maximum on the closed interval [ − ] and that the
maximum will occur at a critical value or at one of the endpoints. Since is an
antiderivative of ′( ) = ( ) = at = − and = Therefore, the
candidates are = − =− = and = Evaluate at each candidate
and select the largest.
(− ) = ∫
−
() = −∫
−
() (
= − − ( )( ) + )
( )( ) = − ( − + ) =
(− ) = ∫
−
() = −∫
−
() =− ( )
( )( ) = −
( )= ∫ () =
( )= ∫ ( ) =− ( ( )( ) + ( + ) = − ( + ) )=−
The maximum occurs at =−
(B) Incorrect. Both critical values might have been found, and the relative minimum
was picked while not accounting for the endpoints.
(C) Incorrect. Both critical values might have been found, and the relative maximum
was picked while not accounting for the endpoints.
(D) Incorrect. The four candidates might have been identified, but the computation
of ( ) found the area of the region from = to = and did not account
for the region being below the horizontal axis, as follows.
( )= ∫ () = ( ( )( ) + ( + ) = ( + ) )=
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Solving

Motion Problems Using
1.E FUN-8.B
Parametric and Vector-
Valued Functions
(A) Incorrect. This response would result if the problem was treated like
rectilinear motion. The velocity of the particle was taken to be the
value of the derivative at time =
( ) ( )
= = −
= −
=−
= − = −
=
Then the speed was taken to be the absolute value of velocity.
(B) Incorrect. This response is the magnitude of the position vector at
time = not the magnitude of the velocity vector at that time.
( ( )) + ( ( ))
=
= ( −
) +( ( ⋅ )) =
(C) Correct. The speed of the particle at time is the magnitude of the
−
velocity vector ′( ) ′( ) = − ( ) at time
( ′( ) ) + ( ′( ) )
=
= (− −
) +( ( ⋅ )) =
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the components of the vector
−
′( ) ′( ) = − ( ) were not squared when finding the
magnitude of the vector at =
′( ) + ′( )
=
= (− −
)+( ( ⋅ )) =
4 Q
Interpreting the
1.E CHA-3.A Meaning of the
Derivative in Context
(A) Incorrect. This response might be chosen if the calculation of the
average rate of change resulted in a value that was greater than or
less than − It would also be chosen if the average rate of change
was correctly found to be − but the instantaneous rate of
change was taken to be the second derivative of not the first
derivative. In either case, the resulting equation would have no
solution in the interval [ ]
(B) Incorrect. This response would be chosen if the average rate of
change was correctly found to be − but the graph of not
′ was drawn to determine the number of intersection points with
the horizontal line = − It would also be chosen if the
instantaneous rate of change was correctly identified as the derivative
of but the average rate of change over the interval [ ] was
thought to be the average at the endpoints,
( )+ ( )
=− or the average value of the function
over the interval, ∫ ( ) =− In all these

cases, the resulting equation would have only one solution in the
interval [ ]
(C) Correct. The average rate of change of on the closed interval
( )− ( )
[ ] is =− The instantaneous rate
−
of change of is the derivative, ′( ) = − + − The
graph of ′ produced using the calculator, intersects the horizontal
line = − three times in the open interval ( )
(D) Incorrect. This response might be chosen because the function is
a polynomial of degree
4 Q
(BC ONLY) Logistic

3.F FUN-7.H Models with Differential
Equations
(A) Incorrect. This differential equation is for a rate of change that is
equal to the difference between the carrying capacity and a term that
is proportional to the size of the population. There is no joint
proportionality with the size of the population and the difference
between the size of the population and the carrying capacity.
(B) Incorrect. This differential equation would be for a model where the
population grows at a rate that is only proportional to the difference
between the carrying capacity and the size of the population. There is
no joint proportionality with the size of the population.
(C) Incorrect. This differential equation would be for a model where the
population grows at a rate that is jointly proportional to the
reciprocal of the size of the population, not the population itself, and
the difference between the carrying capacity and the size of the
population.
(D) Correct. The model for logistic growth that arises from the statement
“The rate of change of a quantity is jointly proportional to the size of
the quantity and the difference between the quantity and the carrying
capacity” is = ( − ) where represents the quantity that is

changing and is the carrying capacity. Here the population is
changing according to the logistic growth model with carrying
capacity Therefore, the differential equation for the model
would be = ( − )
4 Q
Solving Related Rates

1.E CHA-3.E
Problems
(A) Incorrect. This response would result if the area of the region was
taken to be = π ( − ) instead of π −π In addition, an
error was made in the power rule when doing the differentiation, as
follows.
=π( − ) ( − ) =π( − ) ( − ( − )) = π
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the area of the region was
taken to be = π ( − ) instead of π −π It is given that
= and = − (since the inner radius is decreasing). At

the instant when = and = this gave
= π( − ) ( − )= π ( − ) ( − ( − )) = π
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the area of the region was
correctly taken as = π −π Using the chain rule gave the
rate of change of the area with respect to time as
= π − π It is given that = but was taken

to be rather than − by not taking into account that the inner
radius is decreasing. At the instant when = and = this
gave = π( ) − π( ) = π ( ( ) − ( )) = π
(D) Correct. The area of the region is = π −π Using the chain
rule gives the rate of change of the area with respect to time as
= π − π It is given that = and =−

(since the inner radius is decreasing). At the instant when =
and =
= π( ) − π( ) = π ( ( ) − ( − )) = π
3 6 BC
6 25 1 1 6
4 LRQ
′( ) = V V
7 RI F RI () P = V R F V
R R
E ∫ () = { V
7R V RO PE F V OR I RP
P = R P =
( )+ ( ) ( )+ ( )
F ∫ () ≈ ( − )⋅ + ( − )⋅ 

R OV P
 R P R
( )+ ( ) ( )+ ( )
+( − )⋅ +( − )⋅  O R
+ + + +
= ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
=
∫ () V PE RI F V O OR
R VE 0 = 30 =
∫ () + ∫ () = 

 OP V FR V V
7R V ROO ROO V FROO F I RP P R  V
=
P =
9V
3 6
6 25 1 1 6
4 LRQ
( ′( ) ) + ( ′( ) ) = V U
7 V V U P = V F V V U
F P UV UV F
E
∫ ( ′( ) ) + ( ′( ) ) =
{ V
U
U
7 V F U E V U U P P = P
= V F V V F P UV
F ( )= +⌠
⌡
=
{ V
U
U
7 F U V UVU P V V V
 V V =
= ⇒ = = U = = 
 FU F V

( )=  U

 V U M V F
( )= +⌠ =
⌡
( )= +⌠ =−
⌡
( )= +⌠ =
⌡
7 U F E F U V V UV V
V V V V ( )− ( )=
9V
3 6 BC
6 25 1 1 6
4 LRQ
( ) − (− ) − −
RI F = = =− V
− (− )
E ( ) = − + FRV π = − ( ) 

 T
′( )
R
)R < < ′( ) = − + − V ( ( π )) ⋅ π
′( ) = − + − V ( ( π )) ⋅ π = − + π
T R IR O V =− + − + ( π
)( − )
F 7 O RI R O − ≤ ≤ V  OV RI R
 − ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤
− ( − ) ∫−
( ) 


O RI ∫− −
 RI

∫− ( ) = ∫− ( ) + ∫ ( ) 


− + FRV ( )
π
 V
π
∫− ( ) = ∫− − =
∫ ( )  − + FRV π
=⌠
⌡ ( ( )) = −

+
π
V ( π ) =−
− ( − ) ∫−
( ) = (π− )
OP
→ −
=
( )= ( )= OP
→ +
( )= VR V FR R V
{ FR
V
=
M V IF R
F V V FR R V R [− ] ( P 9 O 7 R P
V V EVRO P P P R [ − ]
9V
3 6 BC
6 25 1 1 6
4 LRQ
( )= ∫− () = − = 

( )
O RI R ≤ ≤


( )= ∫− ( )  ( )
= ∫− () + ∫ ( ) + ∫ ()
= + + ∫ (− + − )
= + + − + − 
 
= +
 (
+ − ⋅ + ⋅ − ⋅ ) − (− ⋅ + ⋅ − ⋅ 
 )
= + + ( − (− )) =
E ′( ) = ( ) V IR − < < R  ′( ) = ( )
OV 7 V EVRO P P P O RI R [− ]F  I V =− =

R O RFF =− R =  VF V
 V M V IF R
(− ) =
( )=
7 EVRO P P P O RI R [− ] V (− ) =
F 7 RI V FR F R R
′( ) =
OV − < <−
{ VR
OV
< < < < E F V ( ) V F V R

V OV
9V
3 6
6 25 1 1 6
4 LRQ
( + + )= ( )
{ P F
U F
U
⇒ + + =
⇒ ( + ) =−
− −
⇒ = =
+ ( + )
− ⋅ ( + ) − (− )⋅ − ( + )−  UP T U
+ 
E = = 
( ( + )) ( ( + )) 

F = > U ≤θ ≤ π 
+V θ  θ
 V U U V
−
= ⋅F Vθ
θ ( + V θ)
( + V θ) > U θ
π π
) U <θ < F Vθ < V >
θ
7 V F E U ( θ ) V FU V U
π π
≤θ ≤
π π P V F V
= ⇒ +V θ = ⇒ V θ =− ⇒ θ = Uθ = 
+V θ 
 UP U
 U
π
⌠   − 
U =   + V θ   θ
⌡ π  
9V
3 6
6 25 1 1 6
4 LRQ
∞ − + ∞ − + ∞
( ) ( ) 
7 V U V S= = V ∑ ⋅
= ∑ 

F V UV ∑
= = =

∞
(− ) + ∞  F U V EV
∑= = ∑= V S V U V S= > F F U V 
∞ − +
( )
7 U U V U V ∑ ⋅
F U V EV
=
∞ − + ∞ − + ∞ − +
( ) ( )  ( )
E 7 V U V S= = V ∑= ⋅
= ∑= 

F V UV ∑
=

∞ −
( ) +  F U VF
∑= F U VE U V U V V 
∞ + ∞
(− )
∑ = ∑ V UP FV U V F U V
= =
∞ − +
( )
7 U U V U V ∑ ⋅
F U VF
=
∞ − + ∞ ∞ ∞
( ) (− ) 
F 7 V U V =− V ∑ ⋅ S
= ∑ −S = −∑ S


F V UV ∑=
−
S
= = =
∞  V U

∑= S
V S V U V F F U V S>
∞ − +
( ) (− )
7 U U V U V ∑ ⋅ S
F U V U S>
=
7 V U V S= = V  U P
∞ − + ∞ − +  V V U UP
( ) ( ) ( )
∑= ⋅
( − ) = ∑= ⋅

 V U V
 UU U E
( )
8V UPV ≈ − =
⋅
∞ − +
( ) ( )
∑= ⋅
V U V U V UPV FU V
P
U V U V UU U E U P ≈ V
EV UU U E E P U UP
⋅
7 U U − < = <
⋅ ⋅
9V
F FR :R W
FW R 0 WS RF
×
1 P R W W 6 W RQ 6 R
R W RI R QRW R Q
FW R SR
4 W RQ ×
R W RI R QRW R Q
4 W RQ ×
R W RI R QRW R Q
4 W RQ ×
R W RI R QRW R Q
4 W RQ ×
R W RI R QRW R Q
4 W RQ ×
R W RI R QRW R Q
4 W RQ ×
R W RI R QRW R Q
6 P
W
6 W RQ
6 R
R QRW R Q
RPSR W FR
W W RPSR W 6 R
6 W RQ 6 R 6 W RQ 6 R 5R Q WR Q D W
R Q P
36 R RQ RQ D W
D
RPSR W
6 R 5DQ 36 R
F FR FR :R W
FW R 0 WS RF
4 W RQ
×
1 P R W W 6 W RQ , 6 R
R W RI R QRW R Q
FW R SR
4 W RQ ×
R W RI R QRW R Q
4 W RQ ×
R W RI R QRW R Q
4 W RQ 4 ×
R W RI R QRW R Q
6 P
W
6 W RQ ,,
6 R
R QRW R Q
RPSR W FR
W W RPSR W 6 R
6 W RQ , 6 R 6 W RQ ,, 6 R 5R Q WR Q D W
R Q P
36 R RQ RQ D W
D 6 R
RPSR W
6 R 5DQ 36 R
DF
RQ F R DQ R PDQF DD
0 RF RQ
Question Skill Learning Objective Topic Key % Correct

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
1 1.E FUN-6.B A 95
Using the First Derivative Test to Find Relative (Local)
2 3.D FUN-4.A A 82
Extrema
3 1.E FUN-3.C The Chain Rule D 85
(BC ONLY) Solving Motion Problems Using
4 1.E FUN-8.B B 80
Parametric and Vector-Valued Functions
5 3.D LIM-7.A (BC ONLY) Working with Geometric Series B 66
6 1.E FUN-3.B The Quotient Rule A 88
7 2.C LIM-8.G (BC ONLY) Representing Functions as Power Series A 69
Connecting Limits at Infinity
8 2.B LIM-2.D B 81
and Horizontal Asymptotes
Defining Average and Instantaneous Rates
9 3.B CHA-2.B C 68
of Change at a Point
Determining Concavity of Functions over
10 2.B FUN-4.A B 67
Their Domains
11 1.E FUN-6.D Integrating Using Substitution D 70
12 3.D FUN-1.B Using the Mean Value Theorem C 80
(BC ONLY) Approximating Solutions
13 1.E FUN-7.C A 74
Using Euler's Method
14 1.E FUN-3.D Implicit Differentiation B 74
15 1.E LIM-6.A (BC ONLY) Evaluating Improper Integrals C 61
Finding General Solutions Using Separation
16 1.E FUN-7.D B 46
of Variables
17 3.D LIM-7.A (BC ONLY) Alternating Series Test for Convergence D 57
(BC ONLY) Finding the Area of the Region Bounded
18 1.C CHA-5.D D 65
by Two Polar Curves
19 3.B LIM-7.A (BC ONLY) Alternating Series Test for Convergence D 69
20 1.C FUN-6.A Applying Properties of Definite Integrals C 78
(BC ONLY) Radius and Interval of Convergence
21 3.D LIM-8.D A 71
of Power Series
(BC ONLY) Defining Polar Coordinates
22 1.E FUN-3.G B 59
and Differentiating in Polar Form
23 1.F LIM-5.A Approximating Areas with Riemann Sums B 67
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
24 3.D FUN-6.B A 65
25 1.E FUN-6.E (BC ONLY) Using Integration by Parts A 33
(BC ONLY) Determining Absolute or Conditional
26 3.D LIM-7.A C 53
Convergence
Volume with Washer Method - Revolving Around
27 1.C CHA-5.C D 58
x- or y-axis
(BC ONLY) Second Derivatives of Parametric
28 1.E CHA-3.G C 40
Equations
Riemann Sums, Summation Notation,
29 2.C LIM-5.C B 37
and Definite Integral Notation
(BC ONLY) Finding Taylor Polynomial Approximations
30 2.B LIM-8.A D 22
of Functions
DF
RQ F R DQ R PDQF DD
Question Skill Learning Objective Topic Key % Correct

Determining Intervals on Which a Function
76 2.E FUN-4.A D 92
Is Increasing or Decreasing
Using Accumulation Functions and Definite Integrals
77 1.E CHA-4.D D 82
in Applied Contexts
78 2.D LIM-2.D Connecting Infinite Limits and Vertical Asymptotes C 95
Finding the Average Value of a Function
79 3.F CHA-4.B B 70
on an Interval
(BC ONLY) Finding Taylor Polynomial Approximations
80 1.E LIM-8.B B 80
of Functions
(BC ONLY) The Arc Length of a Smooth, Planar Curve
81 1.E CHA-6.A B 68
and Distance Traveled
82 2.D FUN-7.C Sketching Slope Fields A 71
83 3.D LIM-2.C Removing Discontinuities A 72
Defining the Derivative of a Function
84 2.D CHA-2.C C 63
and Using Derivative Notation
Connecting Position, Velocity, and Acceleration
85 1.E CHA-4.C C 62
Functions Using Integrals
Interpreting the Behavior of Accumulation Functions
86 2.B FUN-5.A A 49
Involving Area
(BC ONLY) Solving Motion Problems Using
87 1.E FUN-8.B C 72
Parametric and Vector-Valued Functions
88 1.E CHA-3.A Interpreting the Meaning of the Derivative in Context C 42
(BC ONLY) Logistic Models
89 3.F FUN-7.H D 66
with Differential Equations
90 1.E CHA-3.E Solving Related Rates Problems D 60
RQ RQ
Question Skill Learning Objective Topic Mean Score

1 1.E|3.D|3.F|4.D|4.A|4.B|4.C|4.E CHA-2.D|CHA-4.E|LIM-5.A 2.3|8.3|6.2|8.3 7.33
2 1.D|1.E|3.B|3.D|4.D|4.E FUN-8.B 9.6 5.05
3 1.D|1.E|3.C|3.D|4.A CHA-2.A|CHA-2.C|CHA-4.B|FUN-1.C 2.1|2.2|8.1|5.2 3.03
4 1.D|1.E|2.B|2.E|4.A FUN-6.A|FUN-4.A 6.6|5.5|5.6 4.89
5 1.D|1.E |3.E|3.G|4.C FUN-3.D|FUN-4.E|FUN-3.G|CHA-5.D 3.2|5.12|9.7|9.9 5.04
6 1.E|3.B|3.D|3.E|4.A LIM-7.A|LIM-8.C 10.9|10.5|10.12 3.64

Sample Solution AP Calc BC 2019

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20

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SECTION I: Multiple Choice 2019

NO CALCULATOR IS ALLOWED FOR THIS PART OF THE EXAM.

-3- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) 3 (B) 1 (C) −1 (D) −3

-4- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

-5- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

x f (x ) f ¢(x ) f ≤(x ) g(x ) g ¢(x ) g ≤(x )

-6- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

-7- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) f is not continuous at x = 5.

-8- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) e p − p − 1 (B) ln(e p − p) − 1 (C) p − ln p (D) ln(e p − p)

-9- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) 0.76 (B) 1.20 (C) 1.29 (D) 3.96

-10- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) 2 − e x−1 (B) 2 − e1−x (C) 2 − e−x (D) 2 + e−x

-11- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

17. Which of the following series converges?

-12- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

-13- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

-14- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

-15- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

-16- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

-17- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) −8 (B) −6 (C) 0 (D) 22

-18- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

26. Which of the following series are conditionally convergent?

-19- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

-20- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

-21- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

-22- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

Maclaurin series for g ?

YOU MAY NOT RETURN TO QUESTIONS NUMBERED 1–30.

-26- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

(A) [0, 1] and [2, 4]

-27- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

-28- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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