BIRTH DEFORMITIES

GENETIC DEFORMITIES – HEREDITARY / “NAMAMANA”

1. SINGLE GENE DISORDER / AKA MONOGENIC
- THESE CONDITION RESULTS FROM MUTATION OR CHANGES IN A SINGLE
GENE.
- WHAT IS MUTATION? IT IS A CHANGE IN DNA SEQUENCE OF A GENE. (DBA IN
DNA WE HAVE SEQUENCE OF PAIRS, LIKE NI ADENINE PAIRED TO THYMINE,
AND CYTOSINE PAIRED TO GUANINE. AND THE SEQUENCE SHOULD BE
ALTERNATE, ONCE NA NAULIT ANG ISANG PAIR OR ONE DNA THAT’S WHAT
WE CALLED MUTATION ALREADY.)
- AND THIS HAPPENS IN TWO CELLS IN OUR BODY, FIRST IS THE SOMATIC CELLS
WHICH FORM OF A BODY ORGANISM. AND WE HAVE THE GERM CELLS
WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PRODUCING THE NEXT GENERATION. (IN SHORT
THE REPRODUCTIVE CELLS, WHICH IS THE SPERM AND EGG CELLS.)
ONE EXAMPLE ON IT IS: CYSTIC FIBROSIS
- IT IS A GENETIC DISORDER THAT CAUSES THE EXOCRINE GLANDS TO WORK
OR SECRETE INCORRECTLY (mucous, sweat, tears, enzymes specifically
PANCREATIC ENZYMES).
- NOW, THERE IS A SPECIFIC GENE RESPONSIBLE ON CYSTIC FIBROSIS IT IS THE
CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator).
- KASANU BA NGA NAALA DYAY UBING DYTUY? IT IS AN AUTOSOMAL
RECESSIVE GENETIC DISORDER. (MEANING THE CHILD WILL RECEIVE ONE
MUTATED CYSTIC FIBROSIS GENE FROM THE FATHER AND ONE MUTATED CF
FROM THE MOTHER, NOW THE CHILD IS HAVING TWO MUTATED CF GENE.
- NOW LET’S GO BACK IDJAY EXOCRINE GLANDS, HOW DOES EXOCRINE
GLANDS WORK IN OUR BODY? WELL THEY PRODUCE AND TRANSFER
SECRETIONS VIA A DUCT AND WHEN GENE MUTATION COMES INTO PLAY IT
PREVENTS EXOCRINE GLANDS TO WORK PROPERLY. WHAT HAPPENDS IS
THAT THICK STICKY MUCUS STARTS BLOCKING THE AIRWAYS IN THE LUNGS
AND PUT THE PATIENT INTO HIGH RISK OF INFECTION. ON THE OTHER HAND,
IF THERE IS A THICK STICKY MUCUS THAT BLOCKS THE PANCREATIC DUCT THE
PANCREAS WILL NO LONGER DELIVER PANCREATIC ENZYMES AND THAT WILL
CAUSE DIATBETES, GI PROBLEMS AND SUCH. TAKE NOTE: THAT MUCUS
SHOULD BE THIN AND SLIPPERY BUT IN THE CASE OF CF IT IS THICK AND
STICKY AND THAT BLOCKS THE PASSAGEWAY AND PROVING A GREAT
ENVIRONMENT FOR BACTERIA.
- MOST COMMON IN CAUCASIANS AND MALES
- ACCORDING TO NIH (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH) STATTISTICS, LIFE
EXPECATNCY IN YEAR 1960 IS HANNGANG 10 YRS OLD LANG. TODAY MEDIAN
LIFE EXPECTANCY IS 37 YRS OLD.
 - USUALLY CF IS DETECTED DURING THE 1ST YEAR OF LIFE.
- AND SAD TO SAY THAT THERE IS NO CURE ON IT.
2.CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES
- CHROMOSOMAL ANOMALIES OCCUR WHEN THERE IS CHANGES IN THE
NUMBER OR STRUCTURE OF THE CHROMOSOMES.
- HERE WE HAVE 5 KINDS OF CA, THE DELETION, DUPLICATION, INVERSION,
SUBSTITUTION AND TRANSLOCATION OF A CHROMOSOME, NOW, IF ONE
THESE OCCUR DURING PREGNANCY THEN IT CAN LEAD TO BIRTH DEFECT.

- BEST EXAMPLE IS TRISOMY 21 AKA THE DOWN SYNDROME.

- The term Down syndrome comes from Dr. Langdon Down, the doctor who
first described the collection of physical symptoms in 1866.
- SO WHAT IS DOWN SYNDROME? DS IS A GENETIC CONDITION WHEREIN A
PERSON IS BORN WITH AN EXTRA COPY OF THE 21ST CHROMOSOME.
MEANING INSTEAD OF 46 CHROMOSOME NAGING 47. AND 46
CHROMOSOMES ARE THE NORMAL THAT INDIVIDUAL SHOULD HAVE, 23
COMING FROM THE FATHER AND 23 FROM THE MOTHER.
- DS CAN AFFECT HOW THEIR BRAIN AND BODY DEVELOP. THE WAY THEY
TALK THE WAY THEY THINK THE WAY THEY MOVE AND SO ON. (Down
syndrome causes physical, cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Not all people
with Down syndrome have all of these symptoms. Symptoms and their
severity are different from person to person.)
- DS CAN AFFECT ANYONE. SINCE IT’S A GENETIC DISORDER, IT DOESN’T
HAPPEN AS A RESULT OF SOMETHING THAT THE PARENTS DID BEFORE OR
DURING THE PREGNANCY (IN SHORT, WALANG KINALAMAN YUNG MGA
KINAKAIN AND GINAGAWA NI MOTHER.) IT’S GOES IN THE BLOOD.
- ANYWAY ONGOING PYLNG TI RESEARCH TI UNDERLYING FACTORS OF DS.
- IN YEAR 1983, THE AVERAGE LIFESPAN OF CHILD WITH DS IS 25 YRS. TODAY
THE AVERAGE LIFE SPAN OF INDIVIDUAL HAVING DS CAN EXPECT TO LIVE UP
UNTIL 60 YRS OLD.
- AND COMMON TI DS IDJAY US WITH 250,000 INDIVIDUALS HAD THIS
CONDITION TDTA NGA YEAR 2023.
- HOW ABOUT PHILIPPINES? 1705 CASES OF DS FOR THE YEAR 2023
- OFC, THERE’S NO CURE AND YOU CANNOT PREVENT DS.

- ANOTHER EXAMPLE IS TURNER SYNDROME.

- NAMED BY DR. HENRY H. TURNER WHO DISCOVERED THE TURNER
SYNDROME.
- SO WHAT IS NOW A TURNER SYNDROME? IT IS A CHROMOSOMAL DISORDER
THAT ONLY AFFECTS FEMALES. WHEREIN ONE X CHROMOSOME EITHER
COMPLETELY OR PARTIALLY ABSENT. (THERE’S A MISSING EX CHROMOSOME)
- USUALLY EACH PARENT CONTRIBUTES ONE CHROMOSOME TO EACH PAIR,
MEANING 50 50 SILA BALE 46 CHROMOSOME AND THAT’S NORMAL.
SOMETIMES EACH PARENT CONTRIBUTE 1 CHROMOSOME TO MANY, SO BALE
TOTAL OF 47 AND THAT’S WHAT WE CALLED TRISOMY. HOW ABOUT KUNG
LESS? IF 45 CHROMOSOMES THAT’S WHAT WE CALLED MONOSOMY.
- AND MONOSOMY IS WHAT HAPPENS IN TURNER SYNDROME, AND
SPECIFICALLY AFFECTS THE X CHROMOSOME.
- WE HAVE THE COMMON FEATURES OF TS
A. MAIN FEATURE IS SHORT STATURE (THEY ARE SHORT IN HEIGHT 4’)
B. LYMPHEDEMA (SWELLING SA LEGS)
C. NECK WEBBING (SKIN FOLD THAT RUNS ALONG THE SIDES OF THE NECK
DOWN IDJAY SHOULDERS)
D. PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFIENCY (IN SHORT OVARIAN FAILURE THAT
NOW CAUSES AMMENORRHEA AND INFERTILITY
E. CONGENITAL HEART AND RENAL DEFECTS
- SO INDIVIDUALS HAVING TS ARE INCLINED IN HAVING CARDIOVASCULAR
DEFECTS, KIDNEY PROBLEMS, LYMPHATIC AND SKELETAL ABNORMALITIES, AT
RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES, AND HYPOTHYROIDISM. (NAGADU TI MABALIN
NGA APEKTARAN NA JUST HAVING A TURNER SYNDROME.)
- AGAIN THERE IS NO CURE BUT THERE IS TREATMENT FOR IT, IN CHILDREN
THERE IS WHAT WE CALL GROWTH HORMONE THERAPY WHEREIN IT
PROMOTE HEIGHT AND BONE GROWTH, NEXT IS THE SEX HORMONE
REPLACEMENT THERAPY ETO NAMAN IS UNDER ADOLESCENT WHEREIN IT
PROMOTES BREAST AND UTERINE DEV’T. LASTLY, WE HAVE IN VITRO
FERTILIZATION WHEREIN PREGNANCY CAN MAKE IT POSSIBLE FOR SOME
FEMALES WITH TURNER SYNDROME WHO ARE INFERTILE.
- THE COUNTRY THAT HAVE THAT COMMON CONDITION IS AT NIGERIA WITH
22,769 OF LIVE BIRTHS HAVING TS. PHILIPPINES 35,000 FOR YEEAR 2023.
- AVERAGE LIFE SPAN WAS 13 YRS AND BELOW.

3. MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE DISORDER

- MEANING, THESE ARE CONDITIONS RESULTS FROM A COMBINATION OF
GENETIC FACTORS AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES. (NON HEREDITARY
COMES INTO PLAY PERO UNDER NA SYA NG ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS)
- SINCE WE ALREADY KNEW SOME INFOS IN GENETICS DISORDERS, LET’S TALK
ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES OR FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE
HEALTH PROBLEM.
A. NUTRITION – Inadequate nutrition during pregnancy, especially
deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals (such as folic acid), can
contribute to birth defects. Lack of proper nutrients may hinder the
development of the baby's neural tube, heart, and other vital organs.
 B. LIFESTYLE - Maternal lifestyle choices, such as stress, can affect the
developing fetus. Chronic stress during pregnancy may lead to adverse
outcomes. Lack of proper prenatal care and education about healthy habits
can contribute to potential issues.
C. ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO - Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can
lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, causing physical and cognitive
abnormalities. Smoking tobacco exposes the fetus to harmful substances
like nicotine and can increase the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight,
and developmental issues.
D. SOME MEDICINES - Certain medications, when taken during pregnancy
without proper medical guidance, can increase the risk of birth defects.
It's crucial for pregnant women to consult with healthcare professionals to
ensure the safety of any medications they may need.
E. ILLNESS - Maternal illnesses, especially those that affect organ
development, can contribute to birth defects. For instance, rubella
(German measles) during pregnancy can lead to congenital rubella
syndrome. Infections and diseases can negatively impact the developing
fetus, underscoring the importance of proper prenatal care.
- UNDER MULTIFACTORIAL IHHERITANCE WE HAVE 2 TYPES AGAIN,
CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS AND COMMON NON- COMMUNICABLE
DISEASE (WHICH IS ACQUIRED DURING THEIR CHILDHOOD OR HABANG AG
GGROW AND AG DEVDEVELOP DA)
- E.g. DM, HTN, EPILEPSY, ASTHMA
1. CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS (OVERVIEW LG NG EACH DISORDER TI I
DISCUSS KO SINCE NKA ADADU AND DGITUY KET DGIJAY COMMON LG)
A. FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER
- Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition in a child that results from alcohol
exposure during the mother's pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome causes
brain damage and growth problems. The problems caused by fetal alcohol
syndrome vary from child to child, but defects caused by fetal alcohol
syndrome are not reversible. (NOT REVERSIBLE MEANING, IT INDICATES THAT
THE IMPACT OF FAS IN CHILD’S DEV’T IS PERMANENT ONCE THE DAMAGE IS
ALREADY OCCURRED DURING FETAL DEV’T.)
- WHAT CAUSES IT? BY THE CASE ITSELF IT’S THE USE OF ALCOHOL DURING
PREGNANCY, ALCOHOL ENTERS THE BLOODSTREAM AG CROSS ISUNA IDJY
PLACENTA AND MAPAN KENI BABY, NOW ONCE NGA NA REACH NA NI BABY
ADU TI DAMAGES NGA MANGYARI, LIKE APEKTARAN NA DGIJAY TISSUES
AND HEART AND ORGANS NI BABY, DYAY MATA NA, AND WHAT’S WORST
KET DYAY BRAIN NA THAT NOW LEAD TO ADHD, MENTAL DISORDERS AND
SUCH IN THE FUTURE.
 - OFC, THE MORE YOU DRINK ALCOHOL KET THE GREATER THE RISK YOULL
HAVE AN UNBORN BABY, ALCOHOL LEADS TO PREMATURE BABIES SOME
ARE MISCARRIAGES.
- BTW, I HAVE QUESTION IS PREMATURE BABY CONSIDERED AS BIRTH
DEFORMITY? (WELL IT’S NOT, WHY? SINCE PREMATURE BABIES IS A PRETERM
BABY BORN BEFORE 37 WEEKS OF GESTATION, ON THE OTHER HAND, BIRTH
DEFORMITIES ARE STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES PRESENT AT BIRTH. WITH
THAT PREMATURE BABIES HAVE CHALLENGES RELATED TO IMMATURITY
RATHER THAN DEFORFIMITY) YUN LG HAHA NEXT!
- AVERAGE LIFE SPAN NA GYAM UNTIL 34 YEARS OLD

B. MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
- Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness
and loss of muscle mass. In muscular dystrophy, abnormal genes (mutations)
interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle.
- WE HAVE 4 TYPES:
A. FIRST KT MYOTONIC - inability to relax muscles following and after
contractions. Facial and neck muscles are usually the first to be affected.
B. Facio scapula humeral (FSHD). - Muscle weakness typically begins in the
face, hip and shoulders. usually occurs in the teenage years but can begin
in childhood.
C. Congenital - This type affects boys and girls and is apparent at birth or
before age 2.
D. Limb-girdle - Hip and shoulder muscles are usually affected first. (DTUY KET
MARIGATAN DA NGA BAGKATEN DGIJAY SAKA DA)
- There's no cure for muscular dystrophy. But medications and therapy can
help manage symptoms and slow the course of the disease.
- The life expectancy for this type is around the ages of 16 to the early 20s.

C. CEREBRAL PALSY (what does palsy means? - PARALYSIS and INVOLUNTARY

TREMORS)
- Cerebral palsy is a group of conditions that affect movement and posture.
It's caused by damage that occurs to the irregular developing brain, most
often before birth. (TAKE NOTE: Cerebral palsy is different from Bell’s Palsy,
KASI TI BELL’S PALSY IT’S CAUSED BY NERVES WHILE CEREBRAL PALSY THE
BRAIN ITSELF)
- Symptoms appear during infancy or preschool years and vary from very mild
to serious Children with cerebral palsy may have exaggerated reflexes.
(MEANING THEY CANNOT CONTROL THEIR REFLEXES AND MOVEMENTS)
- This usually happens before a child is born, but it can occur at birth or in
early infancy.
 - NOW WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF CP? Gene changes, Maternal infections,
Bleeding into the brain, Infant infections, Lack of oxygen to the brain
(related dytuy iti hard labor or delivery, although this cause is less common
than previously thought.)
- There is no cure, but treatments can help improve function.

D. SPINA BIFIDA
- Spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord
don't form properly. It's a type of neural tube defect. The neural tube is the
structure in a developing embryo that eventually becomes the baby's brain,
spinal cord and the tissues that enclose them.
- THREE TYPES:
A. Spina bifida occulta
- Occulta means hidden. It's the mildest and most common type. Spina bifida
occulta results in a small separation or gap in one or more of the bones of
the spine (manyare dytuy usually idjay vertebrae). Many people who have
spina bifida occulta don't even know it, unless the condition is discovered
during an imaging test done for unrelated reasons.
B. Meningocele
- This is RARE TYPE of spina bifida and you can see a sac of spinal fluid bulging
through an opening in the spine. No nerves are affected in this type, and the
spinal cord isn't in the fluid sac.
C. Myelomeningocele
- Also known as open spina bifida, myelomeningocele is the most severe
type. (ADA TI BULGING OF SPINAL FLUID AND RINUMWAR PY DYAY SPINAL
CORD NA) USUALLY IDJAY lower or middle back of the baby.
- WHAT ARE THE CAUSES? IT INCLUDES THE COMBINATION OF GENETIC,
NUTRITIONAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS SUCH AS FAMILY
HISTORY OF HAVING SPINA BIFIDA AND VITAMIN B9 DEFIENCY (IN SHORT
LACK OF FOLIC ACID INTAKE NI MOTHER HABANG PREGNANT SUNA, AND
WE KNEW THAT FOLIC ACID HELPS THE GROWTH OF THE SPINAL CORD)
- HOW TO PREVENT? OFC, INTAKE OF FOLIC ACID
- So under Treatment – IT depends on the severity of the condition. Spina
bifida occulta often doesn't require any treatment at all, but other types of
spina bifida do. LIKE MYELOMENINGOCOCELE
- THERE IS A SURGERY DONE AND IT IS CALLED FETAL SURGERY BUT BEFORE
BIRTH ISUNA NGA MANGYARI (JE PANG 26TH WEEKS NI BABY) KASI SPINA
BIFIDA CAN WORSEN NU HAAN ISUNA NA TREAT AFTER BIRTH. (SO I OPEN
DA DYAY WOMB NI MOTHER AND IDJAY DAN NGA I OPERATE IKATEN DA
DYAY SAC OF SPINAL FLUID.
- WITH PROPER TREATMENT AND CARE UMABOT DA TI 40 YEARS OF AGE.
E. CLEFT LIFT OR PALATE
- CLEFT LIFT IS OPENING OF THE UPPER LIP, EXTERNAL SYA WHILE CLEFT
PALATE IS OPENING OF THE ROOF OF THE MOUTH OR IT CAN BE BOTH WITH
THE UPPER LIP.
- IT IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON BIRTH DEFECT IN US AND HERE IN THE
PHILIPPINES.
- SO A SERIES OF SURGERIES CAN BE DONE TPNU MA RESTORE AND
MAISUBLI DYAY NORMAL FUNCTION AND NORMAL APPEARANCE DYAY LIP.
- SO IF EVER HAAN NGA MA TREAT DYTUY NGA DAGUS IN THE FUTURE
MARIGATAN DA NGA AGSAO, DIFFICULTY IN FEEDING IF UBING, AND
DENTAL PROBLEMS.
- Researchers believe that most cases of cleft lip and cleft palate are caused
by an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. And they believed
that the use of alcohol and tobacco is one of the major cause in this
condition.
- SO THERE’S A NORMAL LIFE EXPECTANCY UNDER CLEFT LIFT/PALATE

F. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

- (SO THIS IS TOO BROAD FOR ME TO RESEARCH KASI NAG ADU TYPES THERE
ARE 26 TYPES UNDER CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT OF A CHILD, AND THAT’S
ONLY A CHILD, SBLI MNEN NU ADULT, SO I’LL JUST SHOW YOU THE
OVERVIEW LG)
- A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart that a
child is born with.
- Some congenital heart defects in children are simple and don't need
treatment. On the other hand, there are children that are more complex
and may require several surgeries performed over a period of several years.
- Researchers aren't sure exactly what causes most of these defects, but they
think genetics, certain medical conditions, some medications, and
environmental or lifestyle factors, such as smoking, may play a role.
- LIFE SPAN DEPENDS ON EACH TYPE.

G. PYLORIC STENOSIS
- Pyloric stenosis is an uncommon condition in infants that blocks food from
entering the small intestine.
- Pylorus - The pylorus is a muscular valve that holds food in the stomach
until it is ready for the next stage in the digestive process.
- Pyloric stenosis – once the pylorus muscles thicken, it now block the food
from entering the baby's small intestine.
 - The causes of pyloric stenosis are still unknown, but genetic and
environmental factors might play a role, such as smoking during pregnancy,
Premature birth, Early antibiotic use.
- Pyloric stenosis usually isn't present at birth and probably develops
afterward. (so haan nga ma determine dyay signs and symptoms na during
pregnancy unless nkaruwar or naianak end yay ubing.)
- Life span na ket between 2 to 8 weeks or 2 months if not treated.

H. TALIPES / CLUB FOOT (TAHLAHPIZ)

- AKA Clubfoot, so it describes a range of foot abnormalities usually present
at birth (congenital) in which your baby's foot is twisted out of shape or
position. In clubfoot, the tissues connecting the muscles to the bone
(tendons) are shorter than usual.
- One cause ngay ket there is Not enough amniotic fluid during pregnancy.
Too little of the fluid that surrounds the baby in the womb may increase the
risk of clubfoot.
- TI CLUBFOOT KET HAAN NGA AG HEAL OR AG RECOVER ON ITS OWN,
KAILANGAN NGA ADA TI SURGERY NGA MANGYARI, AND THAT WAS THE
ACTION BEFORE, NOW HAANEN NGA THROUGH SURGERY NU DIKET AG
USAR DA ITI CAST, THERE IS A GENTLE MOVEMENTS AND STRETCHES, AND
THEY TRY TO MOVE THE FOOT INTO RIGHT POSITION. AND THIS
PROCEDURE IS CALLED PONTESI METHOD NGA NA DISCOVER IDI 1997.
I. HYDROCEPHALUS
- HYDRO MEANS WATER, CEPHALUS MEANS HEAD, IN SHORT WATER INSIDE
THE HEAD.
- LET’S TAKE A LOOK ON THE PICTURE, WE HAVE HERE NORMAL AND THIS IS
NOT, DYAY BLUE IT IS CALLED LATERAL BRAIN VENTRICLE, INSIDE THAT
VENTRICLE WE HAVE HERE CHLORIDE PLEXUS THAT PUMPS OUT 30 GRAMS
PER HOUR OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID THAT FLOWS IN THE FLUID SPACE
OUTSIDE THE BRAIN.
- HYDROCEPHALUS OCCUR WHEN ANYTHING INTERFERES WITH IT LIKE, IF
THERE IS AN OBSTRUCTION OR IF IT’S ABLE TO GET OUT BUT NOT BEING
EFFICIENTLY ABSORBED IN THE LININGS AROUND THE BRAIN. AND THAT’S
WHAT WE CALL HYDROCEPHALUS.
- TREATMENT KET SURGERY AY PARANG ENDOSCOPY ISUNA ADA USREN DA
NGA TUBE NGA MANG DRAIN DERETSO IDJAY ABDOMEN TPNU IDJAY NGA
MA ABSORB DYAY FLUID AND THAT IS WHAT WE CALL SHUNT.
- BTW, Hydrocephalus can happen at any age, but it occurs more often among
infants
- Survival in untreated hydrocephalus is poor. (why? One factor is that it’s too
expensive or nangina, umabot 200 to 500 thousand ti one surgery lg, ket it’s
 not just one-time surgery ksi sa 1st surgery haan nga amin nga fluid kt
successful nga maikat.) So Approximately 50% of the affected patients die
before 3 years of age and about 80% die before reaching adulthood.
J. ANENCEPHALY
- IT IS A BIRTH DEFECT IN WHICH THE BRAIN AND BONES OF THE SKULL DON’T
FORM COMPLETELY WHILE THE BABY IS IN THE WOMB. AS A RESULT, THE
BABY’S BRAIN PARTICULARLY THE CEREBRAL CORTEX, DEVELOPS
MINIMALLY.
- CEREBRAL CORTEX IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THINKING, MOVEMENT, AND
SENSES.
- CAUSES OF ANENCEPHALY IS GENERALLY UNKNOWN. FOR SOME BABIES,
THE CAUSE MAY BE RELATED TO GENE OR CHROMOSOME CHANGES AND
LIFESTYLE MTLNG.
- SAD TO SAY BUT THERE IS NO TREATMENT OR CURE FOR ANENCEPHALY.
AND THE LIFE EXPECTANCY IS NO MORE THAN A FEW DAYS, MORE LIKELY A
FEW HOURS.

TAKE NOTE GUYS, THOSE ARE JUST FEW KINDS AND TYPES OF BIRTH
DEFORMITIES, AND OVERVIEW LG ANG YON, MARAMI PANG IBANG KLASE
BUT THE TIME IS NOT ENOUGH THE DAY RATHER. SO THAT’S THE END OF
TYPES OF BIRTH DEFECTS AND LET’S MOVE ON THE PROS AND CONS.