Processbus LifeMeeting Final

Process Bus
Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Holger Heine/ IC SG EA PRO LM 1

Process Bus
Table of content
1. Process Bus Fundamentals
2. Pieces of the Process Bus Puzzle
3. Solutions by Siemens
Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Page 2 06/2014 Energy Automation Infrastructure & Cities
Process Bus
Table of content

Process Bus Fundamentals
Definition
What is “Process Bus”?
Replacement of hard
wires with
communication links in
level „0“

Background
Why there is “Process Bus”?

Several drivers have propelled the development of the
process bus technology and the standards related:
§ Seek for space and cost reduction in existing and new

power system facilities
§ Continuous improvement of the security for personal and
assets
§ Fast evolution of the Ethernet technology
§ Usability of new digital technologies
(i.e. Instrument transformers)
§ Simplification of installation and maintenance of the field –
bay interface
§ ...

Basic Overview
Station Level
I
E MMS - Client / Server (Part 7 / 8) Station Bus
C
6 Bay Level GOOSE (Part 7 / 8)
1
8 Sampled Values (Part 9) Process Bus
5
0 GOOSE
Process Level

Level “0” - X-Ray to Protection Device
CPU CPU
Interner Ethernet
Bus IEC 61850-9-2
Eingangskreis Eingangskreis
CPU-Karte Eingangskarte CPU-Karte Eingangskarte
Schutzgerät Schutzgerät Merging Unit
Conventional Protection Device Protection device with

process bus interface and MU
MU installed near to CT and VT

Protection device in control room
MU and Protecion device connected via Ethernet

Process Bus
Table of content

Pieces of the Process Bus Puzzle
NCIT IEC 61869
Synchronization
IEC 61850 Communication

Reliability

• Conventional transformer are huge

NCIT
• Save money and space
NCIT
Synchronization
IEC 61850 • Common telegram format
Communication IEC 61850

Reliability Synchronization • Timed measured values
IEC 61869 IEC 61869 • Instrument transformers
Communication • Loss of telegrams leads to loss of

Reliability measurement system

NCIT

NCIT
Synchronization • Timed measured values
IEC 61869 • Instrument transformers


NCIT – Space (à TCO) Reduction
Conventional (inductive) Non-Conventional

Measurement Technology Measurement Technology
CT CT
ECT ECT
Approx. -15%
(H = 3920 mm) height reduction (H = 3320 mm)
GIS 8DQ1 362 kV / 63 kA

V
T EVT
Additional
CT CT buffers
ECT ECT are not
considered
in the pictures
(H = 4560 mm) (H = 3985 mm)
Non-Conventional Instrument Transformer (NCIT) Technology reduces the

dimensions and weight of the GIS

NCIT – Customer Benefits
§ More compact GIS design - reduced weight, lower

dimensions and less cabling
§ Replacement of copper material - by optical fiber

connections
§ Higher performances in measurement - of harmonics

§ Improved measurement behavior - with wide dynamic
GIS 145 kV with conventional CT and VT
range due to no saturation effect in multi-purpose current
sensor
§ Simplified engineering and logistics - only one hardware

variant for current and voltage measurements
§ Higher performance - no magnetic losses, and no ferro-

resonance effects
§ Improved safety - due to minimizing the risk of internal arc
GIS 145 kV with non-conventional

current- and voltage measurement sensors

IEC 61850

NCIT


IEC 61850 – Deployed in Substation Automation
More than 240 000 SIPROTEC4&5 devices with IEC61850 interface

More than 6 500 SICAM PAS with IEC61850 Client functionality
IEC 61850 - Status and content of Edition 2
§ System aspects Part of standard Status

§ Introduction and overview 1 ready
§ Glossary 2 ready
§ General Requirements 3 ready
§ System and Project Management 4 ready
§ Communication Requirements 5 ready
§ Engineering 6 ready
§ Data and Service Model
§ Intro 7-1 ready
§ Data Model (Data of Functions) 7-2 ready
§ Data Model (Attributes of Data) 7-3 ready
§ Service Model, Data Model 7-4 ready
§ Mapping to Real Communication Networks
§ Substation Communication 8-1 ready
§ Sampled Values (2 Docs) 9-1, 9-2 ready
§ Conformance Testing 10 ready
IEC 61850 - Scope of IEC 61850-9-2
IEC 61850-9-2
Specific communication service mapping (SCSM) -
Defines the mapping of sampled value class model (IEC 61850-7-2) over
ISO/IEC 8802-3.
IEC 61850-9-2 LE (Light Edition)

Implementation Guideline for Digital InterfaceTo Instrument Transformers Using
IEC 61850-9-2. It defines a subset dedicated to Sample Values, under UCA (Utility
Communication Architecture)
IEC 61850 - Scope of IEC 61850-9-2
IEC 61850-9-2 LE (Light Edition)

The defined subset only supports the
SendSMVMessage. The communication is unidirectional
from the merging unit to the bay level.
§ Telegram format: voltages and currents from the three phases and the
zero components.
§ Sample rates : 80 samples and 256 samples per nominal line cycle enabled.
§ Time synchronization: by a pulse per second (1 pps) with a
synchronization accuracy class of T4 (± 4 µs).
Missing: clear definition of dynamic behavior (a transient signal response

standard) in SV in order to guarantee application interoperability

Time synchronization

NCIT


Time synchronization - Requirements
General
§ Merging Units measure values using their
own clock
§ depending on the protection scheme and
network architecture time synchronization
is needed or not
§ if time synchronization is needed
accuracy of 1us of relative time is required
IEC 61850-9-2 LE
“The MU shall have the capability to accept an external synchronizing signal, so that its
sampling can be synchronized both between MUs and to an external time reference. The
synchronization signal shall be a 1PPS input according the specification in IEC 60044-8,
clause 6.2.5, subclause „optical input“ with the fiber as specified in IEC 60044-8, clause
6.2.2.1, Table 10, column „glass fiber“”.

Time synchronization - Accuracy
(Source: IEC 61850-9-2 LE, Implementation

Guideline for Digital Interface to Instrument
transformers Using IEC 61850-9-2, UCA
International Users Group.)
Accuracy of synchronization
Accuracy: source for time synchronization +/- 1us

sample accuracy MU (IEC 61850-5, class 4) +/- 4us
Delay: internal delay MU 0..2ms
propagation delay in network 0..1ms
Time synchronization - Suitable Signals
(Source: IRIG Standard 200-4)

IRIG-B coding comparisons: level shift (unmodulated), 1kHz amplitude-modulated, and Modified Manchester
IRIG-B contains PPS à can be used as well for process bus

Time synchronization – Perspective via Ethernet
IEC 61850à SNTP UCA 61850-9-2 à PPS
§ As C37.238-2011 was approved, it was implicit that the standard would be

amended with experience from implementations.
§ Before the C37.238 is deployed, it is urgent to remedy its open issues to avoid
incompatibilities and simplify implementations.

Time synchronization - Perspective via Ethernet
IEEE C37.238 Scope and Purpose

This standard specifies a common profile for the use of IEEE 1588 Precision
Time Protocol (PTP) in power system protection, control, automation, and
data communication applications utilizing an Ethernet communications
architecture.
The purpose of this standard is to facilitate adoption of IEEE Std 1588-2008 for
power system applications requiring high precision time synchronization.
IEEE 1588v2
IEEE
C37.238 Interoperable IEEE 1588
Goal
implementation

Time synchronization - Outlook
Time synchronization via Ethernet makes sense
Save costs Increase reliability Faster installation
No additional Couple time and SMV Build up network only

infrastructure necessary transfer once
BUT
Issues have to be solved to generate an INTEROPERABLE solution!

IEC 61869

NCIT


IEC 61869 – New Interface for IT
§ Non-conventional transformers require electronic components and signal processing

near by the primary equipment (outdoor conditions)
§ The output is a digital signal or telegram which is not standardized
§ Standardized communication interface IEC 61850-9-2
Private and part of the Communication standard for

transformer sampled measured values.
IED
SE FO MU Standard:
IEC 61850-9-2
SE 100 MBit Ethernet

1pps
SE: Sensor electronic (time synchronization)
MU: Merging Unit

IEC 61869 – Aim of the Standard
A part of the IEC61869 standard specifies

additional constraints on implementing a MU
digital communication interface. IEC61869 IEC61850-9-2

IEC 61869 – Part 9: Digital interface
Interface between sensor, sensor-

electronic and MU not standardized
1
1
Primary current
i p ( t) 0.5
Sensor 1
Different transfer function (e.g. transfer of i s1 ( t)
DC – component and transients) i s2 ( t)

0
Sensor 2
- 0.107 0.5
0 100 200 300 400 500
0 t 500
High sampling rate to minimize errors Clock delay Possible delay between system A and B
Clock jitter
Conditions like we have for analog
Group delay antialiasing
signals
ADC sampling delay
Total sampling delay
Delay difference appears as

Total jitter reduces phase shift
Description for internal interfaces resolution
à IEC 61869-9

IEC 61869 – Part 13: Stand Alone MU
Working on the preparation of the first CD:
§ Have prepared an early draft

§ Will continue the work as soon as the group manages to finalize and
submit official comment resolutions for Part 9

Communication Reliability

NCIT


Comm. Reliability – SMV Definition
§ SMV are defined with priority

tagging and VLAN (IEEE 802.1 Q) to
achieve the QoS
§ Messages are mapped directly to
the Ethernet data link layer
§ Elimination of TCP/IP layer reduces
the transmission reliability – there is
no information of loss messages
§ SMV can not be repeated as
GOOSE messages due to data
overflow risk in the network
Data transmission reliability must be increased by use of network

redundancy schemes

Comm. Reliability – Redundancy Mechanisms
Redundancy with recovery time

§ Dual Homing Link Redundancy
Two active links, one is sending,
sending link changes if one link is down
§ RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
Redundancy IEEE 802.1D-2004
Seamless Redundancy Systems:

§ PRP – Parallel Redundancy Protocol IEC 62439-3.4
Two active links, both sending, parallel configuration
§ HSR – High Availability Seamless Redundancy IEC 62439-3.5
Two active links, both sending, ring configuration

Comm. Reliability – HSR and PRP redundancy basics
SICAM
Substation
Controller
§ Duplicating
each frame
PRP-A PRP-B
§ Use two
independent
ways
HSR
Full redundancy without recovery time

Comm. Reliability - Summary
Seamless
Redundancy is a PRP and HSR are
PRP and HSR are
MANDATORY perfectly suited for
field proven on
network feature in highest redundancy
station bus level
process bus requirements
applications
HSR helps to save

Process bus
costs, due to cost
without HSR/PRP
effective ring
makes no sense
structures

Process Bus
Table of content

Solutions by Siemens
Experience
• UW Nehden - Germany
• National Grid – England
• AXPO - Switzerland
• UW Bricklingen - Switzerland
• Uni Magdeburg - Germany
• Hydro Quebec – Canada

•…

Experience – RWE Station Nehden

Experience – RWE Station Nehden - Configuration
380 kV T412 110 kV

Experience – RWE Station Nehden - Configuration
380 kV T412 110 kV
Sensor-
LS IED OLTC data LS IED
Monitoring MU CT / VT
Merging CT / VT Monitoring Transf. Merging Merging Merging
OLTC IED Monitoring MU
Unit alarms MU Unit Unit alarms Unit
1 pps Bay
Bay
controller IEC 61850 SNTP controller
I> Diff.- U-control I> Distanz. Central

Buchholz Prot. (30 kV) Sync. Testtool HMI unit
Disturb. Disturb. Disturb. Disturb.
recorder Service-
recorder recorder recorder PC
Measur. Messung Measur. Remote Station control/
service printer
Remote control
no samples
samples
Experience – RWE Station Nehden – Prototypes
Off the shelve switches or

Ethernet Switch Prototypes
with Real Time availability
Process Bus Process/Station

Interface Bus Interface
Siprotec
7SA525 as CB
Distance Protection Controller
Merging Unit
prototype prototype
9-2 LE
..other
LoPo types
Conventional Hall sensor
Experience – AXPO

Experience – AXPO - Configuration
Diagnostic-PC (DIGSI4)
Diagnostic-PC (Wireshark etc.)
Event List/ Fault Reorder
Protocol Recording Remote Access
ENL
AXPO Baden
IEC61850
M900 Grid
Stationbus
RSG2100 RSG2100 Tele
IEC61850 alarm
Procesbus
1pps
Merging
Unit
7SA611 7SA525 CB 7SA525 PROT
UW Altgass
Watchdog
Leitung Muri 110kV

Outlook
MU for NCIT
MU for NCIT
NCIT
Synchronisation
MU for conv.
CT/VT
Communication IEC 61850 MU for conv. CT/VT
Reliability
IEC 61869
Protection Devices
SIPROTEC5

MU for Conventional CT/VT
§ IEC 61850-9-2 Sampled Values

§ IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE
§ compliant to current draft of IEC 61869-9 / -13
§ Time synchronization via PPS or IRIG-B
§ input for 4 conventional currents and voltages
§ full support for IEC 62439: PRP and HSR
§ integrate in DIGSI4
§ integrated Web-Server

Siemens Merging Unit for conventional CT/VT
Opportunities
Customer Benefits of using process bus:

• Reduced wiring
• Enhanced safety (open wire condition reduced)
• Easier extension in substation
Customer Benefits of using 7SC805 MU:

• Interoperable Merging Unit for conventional CT/VT can be used for all sensors
(unlike NCIT) and in connection with other vendors relays
• Including BI / BO offers full process bus capabilities
• 7SC805 MU can be used as starting point for process bus (without risk of NCIT)
• Siemens participation in standardization gives confidence for lasting solution

Protection Devices for Process Bus
§ IEC 61850-9-2 Sampled Values

§ IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE
§ easy expansion of (every) SIPROTEC 5 devices
§ up to 24 analog channels per Process bus card
§ full support for IEC 62439: PRP and HSR
§ Integrate in DIGSI5

Process Bus Devices – Features
NCIT Time Synch. IEC61850 IEC61869 Redundancy

MU for NCIT
PPS / IRIG-B
YES (prepared for YES Prepared PRP / HSR
IEEE1588v2)
MU for conv.
CT/VT PPS / IRIG-B
NO (prepared for YES Prepared PRP / HSR
IEEE1588v2)
SIPROTEC5
YES
YES PPS / IRIG-B (does not
(via (prepared for YES apply to PRP / HSR
MU) IEEE1588v2) protection
devices)

Example: MU and Protection Devices via HSR
SIEMENS ET H
Rogowski /
IEC 61850-9-2 field probe
HSR ring network

saves FO-cables and switches
RC divider VT
LoPo CT
Conventional CT / VT

Timeline Process bus
Release with
MU for NCIT NCIT
MU for conv. CT/VT
Pilots possible
Process bus in SIPROTEC5 Step1 Process bus in SIPROTEC5 Step2
Discussions
Standardization IEC61869-9 / -13 ongoing
07/2014 12/2014 2015

Thank you for your attention!
Holger Heine
IC SG EA PRO LM1
Humboldtstr. 59
90459 Nuernberg, Germany
E-mail:
heine.holger@siemens.com


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Process Bus

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Holger Heine/ IC SG EA PRO LM 1

1. Process Bus Fundamentals

2. Pieces of the Process Bus Puzzle

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

1. Process Bus Fundamentals

2. Pieces of the Process Bus Puzzle

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

What is “Process Bus”?

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Why there is “Process Bus”?

§ Seek for space and cost reduction in existing and new

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

6 Bay Level GOOSE (Part 7 / 8)

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

CPU-Karte Eingangskarte CPU-Karte Eingangskarte

Schutzgerät Schutzgerät Merging Unit

Conventional Protection Device Protection device with

MU installed near to CT and VT

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

1. Process Bus Fundamentals

2. Pieces of the Process Bus Puzzle

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

NCIT IEC 61869

IEC 61850 Communication

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

• Conventional transformer are huge

Communication IEC 61850

IEC 61869 IEC 61869 • Instrument transformers

Communication • Loss of telegrams leads to loss of

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

• Conventional transformer are huge

IEC 61850 • Common telegram format

Synchronization • Timed measured values

IEC 61869 • Instrument transformers

Communication • Loss of telegrams leads to loss of

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Conventional (inductive) Non-Conventional

GIS 8DQ1 362 kV / 63 kA

Non-Conventional Instrument Transformer (NCIT) Technology reduces the

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

§ More compact GIS design - reduced weight, lower

§ Replacement of copper material - by optical fiber

§ Higher performances in measurement - of harmonics

§ Simplified engineering and logistics - only one hardware

§ Higher performance - no magnetic losses, and no ferro-

§ Improved safety - due to minimizing the risk of internal arc

GIS 145 kV with non-conventional

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

• Conventional transformer are huge

IEC 61850 • Common telegram format

Synchronization • Timed measured values

IEC 61869 • Instrument transformers

Communication • Loss of telegrams leads to loss of

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

More than 240 000 SIPROTEC4&5 devices with IEC61850 interface

§ System aspects Part of standard Status

IEC 61850-9-2 LE (Light Edition)

IEC 61850-9-2 LE (Light Edition)

Missing: clear definition of dynamic behavior (a transient signal response

Intern © Siemens AG 2014 Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

• Conventional transformer are huge