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The geology of the Tangse porphyry copper-molybdenum prospect, Aceh,

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Article in Economic Geology · February 1987

DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.82.1.27

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EconomicGeology
Vol. 82, 1987, pp. 27-42

The Geologyof the TangsePorphyry Copper-Molybdenum

Prospect,Aceh, Indonesia
THEO M. VAN LEEUWEN,
P.T. Rio Tinto Indonesia,Jakarta,Indonesia

RICHARD l •. TAYLOR,
Departmentof Geology,CarletonUniversity,Ottawa, CanadaKIS 5B6

AND JORDANHUTAGALUNG
P.ToRio TintoIndonesia,Jakarta,Indonesia

Abstract

The porphyrymineraldepositat Tangseishostedby a multiphase intrusionof predominantly

quartzdiorite composition termedthe Tangsestock.Emplacementalonga segmentof the
transcurrentSumaterafault systemwas related to the northwardsubductionof the Indian
plate. The intrusiverocksbelongto a normalK calc-alkalinesuiteand are characterizedby
low abundances of K (1.09-1.35 wt %), Rb (26-40 ppm), Nb (<5 ppm),Th (<4 ppm),and
U (<1.5 ppm), high Sr (314-488 ppm) abundance,moderatelyhigh K/Rb and K/Ba ratios,
andlowRb/SrandTh/U ratios.Initial strontiumisotoperatios(0.70423-0.70453) areuniformly
low andprohibitany significantinvolvementof a sialiccrustalcomponentin magmagenesis.
K-Ar analysis yieldsmiddleto late Mioceneagesfor the intrusionandcoolingof the Tangse
stock(13.1 m.y.)andthe development of the associated
hydrothermal alteration-mineralization
(9.0 m.y.).The porphyriticintrusivephases aredivisibleintothreegroups(older,intermediate,
andyoungerporphyries).The older porphyriesform the bulk of the Tangsestock;the other
phasesare volumetrically unimportant,occurringtypicallyasdikes.The distributionof the
hypogenesulfideminerals,chalcopyrite,molybdenite,andpyrite,withinthe olderporphyry
massisrelatedto the developmentof a complexseriesof aluminosilicate alterationassemblages.
A core of early chalcopyrite-bearingbiotite alteration(Cu -- 0.1-0.2%, Mo: 60-90 ppm,
total sulfide = I vol %) is enclosedwithin a halo of barren chlorite-epidotealteration. Both
havebeen overprintedby feldspar-destructive, sericiticalterationwith quite variablemetal
contents.Copperandmolybdenumgradesin the chalcopyrite-molybdenite-bearing sericite-
chlorite-quartzalteration(total sulfide= 2-4 vol %) typicallyexceed0.2 percentand 100
ppm, respectively,and locallymay reachvaluesof 0.8 percentand 300 ppm, reflectingan
enrichmentrelativeto the earlybiotite alteration.By contrastthe quartz-sericiteandquartz-
sericite-andalusite
alteration
assembldges
(totalsulfide
content
-- 2-10 vol%)withgrades
of
lessthan 0.1 percentCu and20 ppm Mo are depletedin both metals.

Introduction weaklyto moderatelyanomalous copperandmolyb-

THETangseporphyryCu-Moprospectrepresentsone
of severalsuchoccurrences presentin a northwest-
trendingfault zone and associatedbelt of volcanic
and intrusiverocksrunningthe length of the island
of Sumatera(TaylorandVanLeeuwen,1980; Fig. 1).
It is locatedin the provinceof Aceh, northernSu-
matera, about 100 km southeastofBanda Aceh at an
elevation of about 400 m above sea level (Fig. 2).
Discoveryof the Tangseporphyry mineral deposit
resultedfrom a regionalmappingand geochemical
stream sedimentsamplingprogram carried out in
northernSumatera by ajointBritish-Indonesian
team
(Page et al., 1978). Following a preliminary geo-
chemicalsurveywhichindicatedan extensiveareaof
denurnvalues(Youngand Johari, 1980), Rio Tinto
Indonesia(RTI), a wholly ownedsubsidiaryof CRA
Ltd., undertooka detailedexplorationprogramin the
areafrom 1979 to 1981 undera joint ventureagree-
mentwithP.T. TambangTimahPersero.Thisprogram
outlineda zoneof anomalous copperandinducedpo-
larizationresponse,morethan 5 km long and I to 2
km wide, whichlargelycoincidedwith a northwest-
trending,highlyaltered,fractured,andleachedpor-
phyry stockof similardimensions.Althoughthe as-
sociatedsulfidesystemis generallycontinuous,cop-
per mineralizationof subeconomic to economicgrade
within it hassofar been shownto be irregularin its
distribution.Order of magnitudeestimatesof reserves
are 600 million tons of low-gradematerial (0.05-

0361-0128/87/633/27-1652.50 27
28 VAN LEEUWEN,TAYLOR,AND HUTAGALUNG

95 ø 100 ø 105ø
andupliftedin theLate Cretaceous formingthe proto-
Barisangeanticline(Katili, 1974), and in placesex-
TECTONIC
FRAMEWORK,
SUMATERA
tendingoverthemarebasinscontaining thickTertiary
0 PORPHYRY
TYPE
sedimentarysequences. Mostof the Barisanwascov-
TAN6SE MINERALIZATION
eredby a marinetransgression duringthe lower Mio-
BœUTONG / MAJOR FAULTZONE cene and early middle Miocene. A seconduplift of
•
SFS
SUMATERAFAUL]'
SYSTEM
the Barisanbegan in the late middle Miocene, cul-
• •ARISAN
M0UNTA•NS minatedin late Mioceneto Pliocenetimes,andprob-
• SUI]OUCTION
ZONE ablyhascontinuedirregularlyuntilthe present(Karig
et al., 1978). Most of the volcanicsoutcroppingin
northernSumaterawere depositedin Plioceneto Re-
cent times.The older Tertiary units have not been
accuratelydated, but availablegeologicevidence
suggests that volcanicactivitytookplacein the Oli-
iD.R KELAYANG
goceneandMiocene.Numerousintermediateto felsic
TAMBANG SAWAH intrusionsoccurin boththe pre-TertiaryandTertiary
strata.

INDIAN A strikingfeatureof the BarisanRangeis a linked

OCEAN seriesof deepvalleysrunningthe length(1,650 km)
of Sumateraalongthe axisof the mountainchain.
Thesevalleysmarkthe outcropof the mainfault line
0 300 km
SFS
of the Sumatera faultsystemwhichconsists of a con-
I tiguousset of northwesterlytrendingfaultsand as-
95 ø 100 ø 105 ø
sociatedsplays(Fig. 1; Katili and Hehuwat, 1967;
FIG. 1. Tectonic framework of Sumatera. Posavecet al., 1973). The mostnorthwesterlyseg-
mentof thisfault systemis representedby two sub-
parallelseismicallyactivefaultswhich convergein
the Tangsedistrict(Fig. 2). The fault systemis gen-
0.20% Cu; 50-150 ppm Mo), including30 million erallyregardedasa dextraltranscurrentone,although
tonsof subeconomicgrades(0.30-0.60% Cu; 100- gravityfaultingand locallysinistralmovementsare
300 ppm Mo). alsoimportant(cf. Katili and Hehuwat, 1967; Tjia,
1973). In northernSumateramajorlensoidbodiesof
RegionalGeology serpentiniteoccur within the western faults of the
Sumaterais situatedon the westernedge of the system.They are a commonfeature of the Tangse
Asianplate and has formeda part of a convergent area (Fig. 2) and are associatedwith radiolarites,
marginsinceat leastthe Permian,asinferredby the manganiferous cherts,and pillow lavas,suggesting
existenceof volcano-plutonic rocksand arc-related thattheserocksformpart of a dismemberedophiolite
lithologiesalongthe lengthof the island(Hutchison, sequence. They mayrepresentthe remnantsof a Me-
1973; Katili, 1973). During the past100 millionyears sozoicmarginalbasinor relicsof oceaniccrusttrapped
itsgeologic
historyhasbeengoverned by the north- betweencontinentalfragments by majortranscurrent
wardmotionof the Indianplaterelativeto the Asian movement(Pageet al., 1979).
plate,whichhasgivenriseto a persistentbut variable
combination of subductionandrightlateralslip(Fitch, Local Geology
1972). Present evidencesuggestscontinuoussub-
Lithostratigraphy
ductionsinceat leastthe late Oligocene(Kariget al.,
19781. Cu-Mo mineralization is largely restricted to a
MainlandSumaterais dominatedby the Barisan multiphasestockconsisting of variousquartzdiorite
Range,a ruggedmountainchainabout100 km wide anddaciteporphyries,the Tangsestock,that hasin-
with summitelevationsnear 3,000 m (Fig. 1). It is
truded a largecompositeplutontermedthe Gle Seu-
mainlycomposedof weaklymetamorphosed Permo-
keunComplexby Bennettet al. (1980). The Gle Seu-
Carboniferous to Mesozoicrocks,includingpredom-keunComplexis about35 km longand up to 5 km
inantly maficto intermediatevolcanicsand volcani-
wide and is emplacedwithin a thick sequenceof
clastics.
Within the pre-Tertiaryterrainoccurzones
metasedimentsand metavolcanicsbelongingto the
of high-graderegionally metamorphosedschists, easternWoyla Group.Its longaxisis alignednorth-
gneisses,andmigmatites,whichin part mayrepresent
west-southeast betweenthe KruengBaru and Peun-
oldercrustallevelsexposed by Tertian/blockfaulting.
alomfaults(Fig. 2). The latterfaultformsthe eastern
Flankingthe pre-Tertiaryrocks,whichwere folded boundaryof a largeserpentinitemass,whichhassur-
 95 ø 96 ø 97 ø
6ø

-' • ' '

TANGSE
PROSPECT/
I ""?,--•
1I '•'•:•INDEX
MAP

•-•• " BIREUEN•

LHOKSEU•AWE
•

x 4 'J '• '• >

XxXxXxXxXxXxXxXx .,,ir>1,,.
>t'-'•L,.<> RECENT :":'':":•
Alluvium
XxXxXxXxXxXxXxXxXx
•xXxXxXxXxXxXxXxXx '-4-•• •1`.'1^
Tangseporphyries

:x: ;x,;x•Xx>>
:x <"'>'•,. MIDDLE
EOCENE Gle Seukeum
complex
,x• xxX<x>;x> ,,
^ • •. •. ? MIDDLE EOCENE Leucocrauc
gramte

•xx x•
xx x •.v-••
i.> TERTIARY Serpenumte
xXxX -1 '7
Xx• , ..:.;:..•
Metasedlmentsl_.,
o_
XM•X>Y>
TGB-5,6 >TC-5MESDZO•C
.,•--•
Meta
volcafilCS
J•• '<
t-

SYMBOLS

,..•'"• Fault SAMPLE

LOœATIONS

"TC-8, Road ß Outcrop

0 Float

•- _-.< •-< •l, Core

TANGSE
GEOLOGY .< > ,-TGD-6
,-.<4 • vf,..-7-•..
,4 4 4
o 3 km - •,. 7 "7 4 ,,
• ,,•/TGD-•
I I I I
,,1

FIG.2. Tangse district locationandgeneral geology.

Indonesian
names asfollows:
Batang(river),
Krueng (river),Bukit(hill),Laut(lake),Ujung(promontory),
Aer/Alur(stream),
Waihni(stream),
Pulau
(island),
Gunung (mountain), Dolok(mountain), Burni(mountain).

29
30 VAN LEEUWEN, TAYLOR,AND HUTAGALUNG

facedimensions of 1.5 by 30 km.Numerousdikescut Metavolcanicrockspredominatein the Tangsearea

the intrusivecomplexand adjacentcountryrocks.
The resultsof a reconnaisance K/Ar age dating
programare containedin Table 1. The oldestages,
50.0 and47.6 m.y., are fromgranodioriteandquartz
diorite phases,respectively,of the Gle Seukeun
Complex(Fig.2). SuchanEoceneagefor coolingand
emplacementis in generalagreementwith an ageof
42 m.y. (meanof two K/Ar analyses,on a biotite-
hornblendemineral pair) reported for the igneous
complexby Bennettet al. (1980). In contrastthe dates
fromthe porphyryintrusionsof the Tangsestockare
considerablyyounger(Table 1) and indicatea Mio-
ceneagefor intrusionandhydrothermal activity.The
ageof 13.1 m.y. for magmatichornblendefrom one
of the intermediateporphyrieswould appearto be
the mostaccuratereflectionof the timingof intrusion.
It is almostidenticalto the ageof 14.3 m.y. reported
for the mineralized Geunteut granodioritelocated
approximately50 km west of Tangseand to agesof
13.0 and 12.2 m.y. fromthe Silayagranodioriteand
Lawe Beringindiorite,respectively(R. D. Beckinsale,
pers. commun.).The genetic relationshipbetween
hydrothermal Cu-Mo mineralization and the em-
placementof the Tangsestockis supportedby the
ageof 9.0 m.y. for hydrothermalbiotite fromthe
termediateporphyryunit.
Metasediments and metavolcanics
of the
pre-TertiaryWoyla Group
This unit hasreceivedno detailedgeologicstudy
owingto itslackof significantcoppermineralization.
It comprisesaltered mafic and intermediatelavas,
tuffs, and slates(commonlycalcareous)with minor
developmentof marble,psammite,and greenschist.
(Fig. 2), wherethey form massivebut oftenstrongly
jointed outcropsthat containsecondarymineralssuch
asepidote,chlorite,uralite,andcarbonatein varying
amounts.Pyrite in minoramountsis ubiquitous.The
alterationis ascribedto deutericand hydrothermal
activity,but its widespreadnature and the presence
of associated low-graderegionallymetamorphosed
sedimentssuggestthat weak regionalmetamorphic
processes werealsooperativein itsformation(Bennett
et al., 1980).
Gle SeukeunComplex
On a regionalbasisthe Gle SeukeunComplexli-
thologyrangesfromgabbroto microgranite with the
followingasthe majorintrusivephases:hornblende
diorite and microdiorite,quartz diorite, and grano-
diorite.The hornblendediorite hasa medium-grained
hypidiomorphic granulartexture,whereasthe micro-
diorite is typicallysemiporphyritic.Both rock types
are widespreadbut seemmostcommonin the mar-
ginalzones.Theyarecomposed chieflyofplagioclase
(55-70%) and green hornblende(20-30%), with
subordinatequartz (2-7%) andbiotite (1-3%). The
hornblendeis unaltered,but the biotite commonly
exhibitssomereplacementby chlorite. Magnetite,
apatite,and epidoteare the accessory minerals.
Quartz diorite hasbeen identifiedonly in areas
closeto the Tangsestockandcouldpossiblybe ge-
neticallyrelatedto thisyoungerintrusion.The quartz
diorite hasa medium-to coarse-grainedallotriomor-
phic granulartexture. Plagioclaseconstitutes60 to
70 percentof the rock. Quartz makesup 15 to 20
percentof the rock, occurringprincipallyasintersti-
tial grainsbut alsoasskeletalpoikilitic inclusionsin

T^BLE 1. Potassium-ArgonAge Data

Sample Material Radiogenic 4øAr Radiogenic Calculatedage

no. Rocktype dated %K (10-•ø mole/g) 4øAr/total
4øAt (m.y.)•
TG I Hornblendediorite Magmatic 0.644 0.53807 0.582 47.6 _ 1.0
(Gle SeukeunComplex) hornblende 0.642
TG 2 Granodiorite (Gle Seukeun Magmatic 0.582 0.51114 0.739 50.0 ___
1.0
Complex) hornblende 0.580
Magmatic 7.06 5.8612 0.934 47.2 -+ 0.7
biotite 7.07

TG 3 Quartz diorite porphyry Magmatic 0.316 0.07253 0.200 13.1 ___

0.25
(intermediateporphyries) hornblende 0.319
TG 7 Quartz diorite porphyry Hydrothermal 7.15 1.1204 0.601 9.01 __+
0.15
(intermediateporphyries) biotite 7.16
TG 4 Dacite porphry Magmatic 0.243 0.04197 0.142 9.97 _+0.50
(postmineralization hornblende 0.241
dikes)

Constants
used:x• = 4.962 X 10-•ø yr-•; x• = 0.581 X 10•øyr-•; 4øK/K= 0.01167 at. %
• Errors at one standard deviation
 TANGSECU-MOPROSPECT,
INDONESIA 31

plagioclase.The othermainconstituent isbiotite(10- playingan apliticto seriatetexture(Table2). Five

15%). Magnetiteand apatiteare the main accessory differenttypesof hydrothermal alterationhavebeen
phases,with zirconandsphenealsopresent.Hydro- recognizedin the older porphyries(viz., biotite,
thermalalterationis well developedresultingin the chlorite-epidote,sericite-chlorite-quartz, quartz-ser-
partial conversionof primary biotite to secondary icite, andquartz-sericite-andalusite), with the inten-
biotite. sityof alterationvaryingfrom incipientto strong.
Granodiorite forms the bulk of the Gle Seukeun The intermediateporphyries,which are volumet-
Complexandconsists of relativelycoarse-grained (2- rically unimportant,occur as narrow, subvertical
8 mm),equigranular to semiporphyritic rockswhich dikes.Theyresemblethe olderporphyrieswith quartz
rangein composition fromgranodiorite to adamellite. dioriteporphyrybeingthe dominantintrusivelithol-
Principalconstituents are quartz(10-15%), plagio- ogy (Table 2). Distinguishing featuresare a lower
clase (30-50%), K-feldspar(15-45%), and marie contentof phenocrysts (20-35%), a hypidiomorphic
minerals (i.e., biotite and hornblende, 7-15%). granular groundmass, hydrothermalbiotite as the
Spheneand magnetiteare the commonaccessories. mostcommonalterationtype, and age relationships
Zirconandapatitealsooccurasaccessories, andep- at the intrusivecontacts.They clearly intrude the
idote and allanitcare locallypresent.In placesthe older porphyrymassasis indicatedby dike shapes,
granodioritecontainsabundantovoid micrograno- chilled margins,and the truncationof alterationas-
dioritic xenoliths. The contact between both rock semblages and more rarely of quartz veins.Two va-
typesis generallysharpthoughoftenirregular.Both rietieshavebeenrecognizedwhichmaybe discrim-
the granodiorite andmicrogranodiorite displayonly inatedon the basisof their magnetitecontents(re-
minoralterationof a deutericnature,exceptproximal spectivelyhigh and low). In the stronglymagnetic
to the Tangsestockwherelocalizedintensehydro- quartzdioriteporphyry,magnetiteispresentbothas
thermalalterationhasalsodeveloped. phenocrysts and as smallgrainsdisseminated in the
Narrowapliteveinsoccurwithin the Gle Seukeun matrix.Biotitealterationis stronglydevelopedin the
Complex and also intrude adjacent metamorphic intermediateporphyries,where it occursas small
countryrocks.They are mostlikely related to the flakes disseminated in the matrix or concentrated in
moreacidphasesof the igneouscomplex.In addition massivepatchesthat representformer mariepheno-
narrowleucogranitebodiesof unknownaffinitywere crysts.Chlorite occursin a similarmannerbut is less
emplacedinto metavolcanics in the southeastern part abundantand largely developedat the expenseof
of the Tangsearea betweenthe KruengBaru and earliersecondary biotite.Sericiteisanassociated mi-
Tangsefaults(Fig. 2). nor alteration mineral. Veins observed in the inter-
mediate porphyry include well-developedquartz
Tangsestock + sulfide+ chloriteveinsandlessprominentsulfide-
The largeTangsestock,with dimensions of about bearingchloritic and sericiticveins.Sulfideminer-
7.5 by 2 km, hasa northwesterlyelongation(Fig. 2). alization occurs in disseminated form and as fracture
It consistsof a numberof porphyriticintrusivephases fillings.Pyrite predominatesbut chalcopyriteand
(Tangseporphyries)of predominantlyquartzdiorite molybdeniteare alsopresent.
composition,which are divisible into three main The youngerporphyriesdisplaythe greatestva-
groups,viz., older porphyries,intermediateporphy- riety of lithologies,viz., quartzdioriteporphyry,dac-
ries,andyoungerporphyries.The distributionof the itc porphyry,hornblendedioriteporphyry,porphy-
Tangseporphyriesis illustratedin Figures3 and 4, ritic andesitc,andandesitc(Table2). Thesearepres-
and their petrographicfeaturesare summarizedin ent in numerous,0.5- to 70-m-wide dikes,trending
Table 2. predominantlynorth-northeastand west-northwest
The olderporphyriesformthe bulk of the Tangse with steepto verticaldips (Figs.3 and 4). They are
stock(Fig. 3) and consistentirely of quartz diorite youngerthanthe intermediateporphyriesfromwhich
porphyry.Thisgroupdisplaysa fairlybroadrangeof they canbe distinguished by the lack of well-devel-
textural variation suggestingthat it may represent opedquartzveins,their very low molybdenumcon-
severalseparateintrusivephases.Distinct intrusive tent, andthe presenceof secondaryepidote.Hydro-
contacts,however, are difficult to recognize.Most thermal alterationin the youngerporphyriesis of
texturalvariantscontainabundantphenocrysts(35- weak to moderateintensityand is characterizedby
65%) of plagioclaseand secondarymineral pseudo- the development of secondary biotitewhichoccurs
morphs(replacingmagmaticmarieminerals)together in a mannersimilarto that in the intermediatepor-
with quartz phenocrysts in variableamounts.How- phyries.Chloriteis alsocommonandin part appears
ever, in one variety plagioclaseis the only phyric to have replacedmagmatichornblendeand biotite
phasepresent.The phenocrysts are enclosedin a ma- directly. Epidote is a minor constituentof the alter-
trix of plagioclase,quartz, and secondaryminerals, ation, occurringas a replacementof plagioclaseand
with accessorymagnetite,zircon, and apatite dis- hornblendephenocrysts or asfine granulesscattered
32 VAN LEEUWEN, TAYLOR, AND HUTAGALUNG

GEOLOGY --•-

+
+ +

•- + +
++•++
+ + +
+ + + + + + + + +

+++++++++

•+++++'•.+
++++

++++++.

• Alluwum +•++
+ + + + + + + +
POST MINERAL DYKES + + + + +
+ + + + + +++
+ + + + + ++++
AJ Andes•te .+++.+++.D•HJ3

,• Hornblende
d•onte porphyry,
+++++
++++

or quarizd•ordeporphyry, • +++++++++++
•+ + +
or dac•leporphyry •++++++++++++++•++++

++++++++++ ++++++•
YOUNGER PORPHYRIES
EQUIGRANU
LAR4 +++ + + + + + + +++++++++++++
aJ Andesr•e
dykes ++++++++++++++++++
.......
-• Granod•ome
•7..'//•T
' •. ++

• Hornblende
d•onteporphyry. Undffferent•ated
or dacl'•eporphyry I
or quarizdiDhieporphyry. +

x;::• Und,.e,en.aled hombre.de

diorlie and quariz SYMBOLS
and
d•onte •++•
•++
d•orlie porphyries •
•
Malor fauHIIh.
Localfault
• +. +
OLDER PORPHYRIES

+•¾'•Unddferenlta'ied
porphyry
quariz
A and C
d•onie • . •,,,
,•
•,•. IIITANGSE
c,o. • 0 500
m 1 km
I

•C. 3. Geologicmap o[the Tan•se porphyrystock.

throughthe matrix.Sericiteis generallylacking. 4). The dikesincludein decreasing orderof abun-

Veinletsconsistingof chloriteand/orpyritearefairly dance:porphyritic dacite,porphyritic
andesite,
quartz
common, butquartzveinsareextremely rare.Sulfide dioriteporphyry,andbasalt.All are definitelypost-
mineralizationis weak and mainly pyritic in nature. mineralizationin age.Dike emplacement is strongly
controlled
by foursetsof faultstrending105øto 130ø,
Postmineralization dikes
33ø to 55 ø, 70 ø to 90 ø, and 145ø to 150ø. The first
Numerous dikes cut the Gle Seukeun igneous trend,whichisthe mainregionalfaultdirection,pre-
complex
andadjacent rocks(Figs.3 and dominates.Dips are mostlysteepto vertical.Miner-
metamorphic
 TANGSECU-MO PROSPECT,INDONESIA 33

A B
S64øW N64øE
KRUENG TANGSE KRUENG BALE
200 -
PEUNALOM DDH
100 - r/FAULT
/ • •+ '+ +•.
;•..%';.-,"•..,•,•x•:.xX:<%XxXxXx
x + + + + + + + + + + + + + +-• +., + + .

øi
loo • • • • •r•xXx•-.XxXxXxXxXxXxX'•+ + + +. + + + + + + + + +',,rz•+ + + -i + + -
,.,*,.',"lmVx ,l'x,, ,•'x^x%^,N- + + + I- + + + +-•++++'•. + + +m+ + +
• • • x x ß.... x x x•x + + + + + + + + + + + + + +v...,,,++ + -i + + -
200 •:,,,dlm i "'

c D
S17øW N17øE

/ •<•UE• •'A•SE I
zoo-i I PEUNALOM I
IO0 FAULT +++++++++++
+++++++++++
O •+++++++++++
100 ++++++++++++
++++++++++++
200 ' '

F
6øW N66øE

200 AtU•/NON(;

100
,o

lOO

200

0 500 m 1 km
I I i I I I I

EQUIGRANULAR
':• Alluvium
POST MINERAL DYKES ":':':':•
'"' Granodlorile
.<• Hornblende
d•orile porphyry. ß•,• Unddferenl•aled
quartz
dinhie and dinhie
or quartz dinrite porphyry,
or daclle porphyry

YOUNGER PORPHYRY
•:• Ueta
volcamcs
,• Hornblende
d•omeporphyry,
or quartzdlome porphyry, SYMBOLS

or dac•ie porphyry • Majorfaul!

....--""'"" Local fauh
;;• Undlfferennated
hornblende
and quartzdmme porphyries
x/,/ Drill
holeprolect]on
OLDER PORPHYRIES

+•'• Undffferent•aled
porphyry
quarlz
A and C
dinhie
FIG. 4. Geologicalcrosssectionsof the Tangseporphyrystock.
34 VANLEEUWEN,TAYLOR,
ANDHUTAGALUNG

TABLE2. PetrographicFeaturesof TangseIntrusive Rocks

Unit Rock types Phenocrysts Groundmass

Older Quartz diorite P (2-10 mm; 25-55%); stronglyzoned (0.05-0.2 mm);apliticto seriateintergrowth
porphyries porphyry euhedralgrains of P and Q with minorAf
Q (1-8 mm; 1-10%); singleto composite
subhedralgrains;pronouncedundulatory
extinction is common; resorption is
common

M (0.5-4 mm; 5-10%); now representedby

secondarymineralpseudomorphs;
occasionalrelict grainsof B and H
Intermediate Quartz diorite P (2-7 mm; 20-30%) (0.05-0.5 mm); hypidiomorphic-granular
porphyries porphyry Q (1-3 mm; 1-10%); commonlyroundedor intergrowthof P, Q, secondaryB + Z, Ap,
embayedby resorption Mag and secondaryC
M (0.5-5 mm;ca. 5%); secondarymineral
pseudomorphsafter both B and H
Younger Quartz diorite P (1-7 mm; 15-20%); stronglyzoned (ca. 0.3 mm); hypidiomorphic-granular
porphyries porphyry euhedralgrains intergrowthof P, Q, secondaryB + Mag,
Q (up to 3 mm; 1-5%); subhedralgrains Z, Ap
modifiedby resorption;weakly
developedstrainextinction
M (0.5-4 mm; 5-10%); secondarymineral
pseudomorphsafter B and H; rare relict
B and H

Dacite porphyry P (0.5-5 mm; 10-15%); stronglyzoned (ca. 0.02 mm); hypidiomorphic-granular
euhedral grains intergrowthof P, Q + secondaryB, Mag,
Q (up to 7 mm; 5-10%) Z, Ap
H (0.5-3 mm; 5-7%)
B (1-3 mm; 1-2%)
Hornblende diorite P (1-10 mm; 15-20%) (0.02-0.05 mm);subophiticintergrowthof
porphyry H (0.2-3 mm; 10-15%) P, H, Mag + Q, secondaryE, secondaryC
B (up to 2 mm; 1-3%)
Mag (0.1-0.5 mm; ca. 1%)

Abbreviations
usedare:Af = alkalifeldspar,Ap -- apatite,B -- biotite, C = carbonate,E = epidote,H -- hornblende,M = mafic
pseudomorphs,Mag • magnetite,P -- plagioclasefeldspar,Q -- quartz,Z -- zircon

alogicallythe dike lithologiescloselyresemblethose fault, which is a splayof the BandaAceh-Anufault,

of the earlier porphyries.Magnetiteis a ubiquitous forms the southwesternboundaryof the igneous
accessory phase.All of theserockshavebeenaffected complex(Figs.2 and 3). The rockson the other side
by weak hydrothermalalterationwith chlorite, epi- of the fault are largely obscuredby alluvium,but
dote, carbonate,sericite,and zeolite occurring. where exposed,they consistpredominantlyof me-
Structure
tavolcanics.Regional mapping by Bennett et al.
(1980) hasindicatedthat the structuralblockbounded
The dominantstructuraltrendof the Tangsearea by the Laut Teuba-Baroand BandaAceh-Anufault
is northwest-southeast(Fig. 2). Subordinatetrends zones is a horst structure.
are northand east-northeast. Faultingis considered
to havecontrolledemplacement of the Tangsestock Localfaults and shears
and is probablyalsoresponsiblefor the localization Myriad faultsandshearshavebeen observedin the
of the Gle SeukeunComplex. prospectarea, showingstrike directionswithin the
range 125ø to 175ø (Fig. 3). Alsocommonare faults
Main faults with northeasterly trends.The faultsarecharacterized
The Tangseporphyrycoppersystemis bounded by the presenceof soft,whitishgougematerialwith
by two subparallel
northwest-trending faults(Figs.2 a high sulfidecontent.Faultscuttingthe older por-
and3), namely,the KruengBarufault at the north- phyriestypicallydisplaynarrowselvages of quartz
eastern boundary and the Peunalom fault at the and sericite. Fault breccias are more common in
southernedge.The KruengBarufault is a segment stronglysilicifiedrock.Theyconsist of rockfragments
of the main Laut Teuba-Baro fault. The Peunalom that are tightly cementedby sulfide-richsiliceous
 TANGSE CU-MO PROSPECT, INDONESIA 35

material.Shearzonesare mostlyassociated with nar- distributionarounda centralzone of widespreadbio-

row bandsof quartz-chloriterock, which is highly tite alteration, which roughly coincideswith the
broken.Pyrite, chalcocitecoatingpyrite, andmolyb- Tangsestock.Superimposedon these two early al-
denitc are common in these zones and occur in dis- terationtypesare the structurallycontrolledfeldspar-
seminations andveinlets.There are at leasttwo gen- destructiveassemblages. The sericite-chlorite-quartz
erationsof faultsand shears;an earlier groupwhich alterationis widespread,althoughgenerallyweakly
is mineralizedand locally cut by the youngerpor- developed,in the centralpart of the prospectarea,
phyries,anda later, unmineralizedgroupwhichcut whereasthe quartz-sericiteand quartz-sericite-an-
and dislocatetheseporphyries. dalusiteassemblages are bestdevelopedin the mar-
ginal areas.
Fracturing
Biotite alteration
Fracturing is well developedwithin the Tangse
stockwhere fracturedensitiesare generallyon the Hydrothermal biotite is the earliest alteration
orderof 15 to 50 fracturesper squaremeter;locally productrecognizedat Tangseandoccurspervasively
muchhigherfracturedensities(•75 fractures/m 2) throughoutthe Tangsestockand the fringingequi-
have been recorded.Fracturingis multidirectional granularrocks.It is presentas fine-grainedclotsor
andformsa typicalstockwork pattern.Dipsareover- aggregatespartly or completelyreplacingmagmatic
whelminglysteep (50ø-80ø). The fractureshave hornblendeandbiotite (Fig. 7A), andassmallbrown
widthsvaryingfrom lessthan i mm, to 5 mm, and flakesdisseminated throughoutthe groundmass. Less
locallyup to 2 cm. They are commonlyfilled with commonlyit occursin fine veinletsand selvages,and
quartz, sericite, chlorite, and sulfides.In the weath- rarely asminordisseminationsor tiny veinletsin pla-
ering zone iron oxidesare the dominantfracture-fill- gioclase phenocrysts.
Thisalterationis quiteselective
ing material.The older andintermediateporphyries in nature;maficphenocrysts are usuallythoroughly
are muchmore stronglyfracturedthan the younger altered, yet plagioclaseoften remainsalmostcom-
porphyries.Somefracturesare clearlytruncatedby pletely fresh.The biotite alterationis accompanied
youngerporphyry dikes,whereasothers,which are by sodiummetasomatism developedasalbiterimson,
normallymorewidely spaced,cut boththe olderand and/ormicroveinletsin, plagioclase phenocrysts, to-
the youngerporphyries,indicatingthat there were gether with the replacementof plagioclasein the
at leasttwo mainperiodsof fracturing. groundmass.Hydrothermal K-feldspar is absent.
Other alteration features associated with biotitization
Hypogene Alteration-Mineralization include:(1) weaksericitization of plagioclase,(2) ru-
tile occurringasboth tiny individualcrystalsand in
The distributionof the variousalterationtypes massive to skeletal,finelygranularclustersintimately
recognizedat Tangseis shownin Figures 5 and 6. combinedwith chloriteandbiotite,and(3) inclusions
Hypogene aluminosilicatealteration assemblagesof anhydrite(togetherwith biotite) in sulfidesand
identifiedin the older porphyriesare classifiedinto locallyirregularpatchesof anhydritein the ground-
five groups:(1) biotite,(2) chlorite-epidote, (3) ser- mass.
icite-chlorite-quartz,(4) quartz-sericite, and (5) The hydrothermalbiotite hasbeenselectivelyal-
quartz-sericite-andalusite. Alteration minerals be- tered to chlorite on a prospect-widescalealthough
longingto the firsttwoassemblages occurselectively the conversionis seldomcomplete.The time of for-
replacingmaficminerals,andto a verylimitedextent mationofthechloritecannotbe precisely determined.
plagioclase,with onlyslightmodification of the orig- Someclearlyformedduringthe latersericite-chlorite-
inal magmatictexture. In contrastthe last three al- quartzalterationevent,but mostof the chloritewould
terationassemblages are of a vein-veinlettype and appearto havedevelopedat an earlier stage.Sulfide
relatedto fracturesand sericiticveinstypicallydis- mineralizationaccompanying biotite alterationcon-
playingalterationenvelopes ofvaryingwidths.Asthe sistsof pyriteandchalcopyrite withtheratiobetween
fracturedensityincreases thesealterationenvelopes them varyingfrom 2:1 to 5:1. The sulfideminerals
coalesceto producezonesof pervasivefeldspar-de- occur:(1) asdisseminated grainssinglyor in stringers
structivealteration.The characterand intensityof controlled by microscopic fractures,(2) in association
sulfidemineralization iscloselyrelatedto the nature with hydrothermalbiotite in hornblendepseudo-
of the hydrothermalalteration. morphs(Fig.7A), and(3) onfractures.Coppervalues
Multiple porphyryintrusionin the Tangsestock rangefrom0.1 to 0,2 percent,Mo valuesfrom 60 to
has producedmultistagealterationwith complex 90 ppm, and the total sulfide content of the rock is
paragenetic relationships.Nevertheless ona prospect- approximatelyI vol percent. Biotite alteration has
wide scale,becauseof the predominance of the older affectedall threemainintrusivephases of theTangse
porphyries, a fairlydiscretezonalpatternisapparent. stockand is stronglydevelopedin the intermediate
The chlorite-epidote assemblage displaysa halolike andyoungerporphyries,indicatingthat biotitization
36 VANLEEUWEN,TAYLOR,AND HUTAGALUNG

ALTERATIO -N-

õDH 12

'1 • õDH 14

• Alluwum '• õDH 13-•

• Chlorlle-Ep•doze
alteration
• Blotlle
aheratlOll
• SerlClie-Chlor,ie
(]uariz
aheratlon
• OUariz
Serlclie
alleraito• DDH 11

O Advance
argdhc
alteration
(basedon pezrograph•c
descr,p•on)
SYMBOLS

.-- Cornact between d,fferem alteration

assemblages
•dehned.approximate)
• Majorfauh ß Drdl hole
500 rn l km
• Local
fault • Cross
section TANGSE

FIG. 5. Distributionmapof dominantalterationtypes.

tookplaceduringeachsuccessive phaseof porphyry sphene,and/orcarbonate.In generalit formsa broad

intrusion. halo (3-5 km wide; Figs. 5 and 6) aroundthe other
alterationassemblages,althoughthereissomeoverlap
Chlorite-epidote alteration with the secondarybiotitezoneandlocallyit is over-
This type of alterationis characterizedby the oc- printed by structurallycontrolledquartz-sericiteal-
currenceof chlorite, epidote, sericite, and pyrite. teration. Chlorite-epidote alteration has affected
These minerals may be accompaniedby albite, muchof the Gle SeukeunComplexand alsocertain
 TANGSE CU-MO PROSPECT,IHDONESIA 37

G H
S40øW (LINE 10 OOO E) N40øE

3OO
KRUENG TANGSE
DDH 1
I• •u.^,o•

300

I J
S28øW N28øE

3OO DOH 5

KRUENG
TANGSE •
PEUNALOM •'
100 I F^6'•?"' , ...,-,..

3•

400
-
m

0 500 m I km

SYMBOLS

• AIluwumI•1 Chlonte-Ep•dote
•
alteration
Senc•te-Chlonte
.-....
• Major
fault -Ouartz aheratlon
•..'-"'"' Local fault

• B,ot,te
aberat,on
•L-L-L-•J-L-U
fiuartz-Ser,clte
alteration x// Dr,,,
hole
project,on
F•c. 6. Alteration cross sections.

partsof the olderporphyryintrusions. In additionit (Fig. 5). It isweaklydevelopedwith narrow,broadly

is commonlyassociated with the youngerporphyries spacedvein selvagesoverprintingsecondarybiotite
and the postmineralizationdikes. alteration(Fig. 7C). Rarebands(up to 80 m wide) of
Chloriteis the mostprominentmineraland gen- sericiteochlorite alterationdo, however,occuralong
erallymakesup 10 to 20 percentof therock.It occurs somewest-northwest-and north-northwest-trending
asa partialreplacementin pseudomorphs afterhorn- fault zones(Fig. 5). Chlorite and sericiteare the di-
blendeandbiotite(Fig.7B), aspatchyaggregates in agnosticminerals,but secondary quartzcanbe pres-
the matrix,andmorerarelyin veinlets.Chloritization ent. Individuallyor in combinationthesemineralsre-
of mariemineralsis accompanied by the formationof placephenocrysts andoccurpervasivelydistributed
sphenegranules.Althoughpresentin smallamounts throughoutthe groundmass. Locallythisassemblage
(1-4%), epidoteis conspicuous, occurring ascoarse- is accompaniedby carbonate. Chlorite occurs as
grainedaggregatesin plagioclasephenocrysts(to- flakes,in radiatingclusters,or in massiveform. Sero
getherwith sericite,albite,chlorite,andcarbonate), icite occursbothasdiscreteflakesandin cryptocrys-
in primarymariephenocrysts, and in chlorite-biotite tallincmassive form.Secondary quartzoccursassmall
masses. Locallyit is alsopresentin veinlets.Pyriteis grainsincorporatedin hornblendepseudomorphs and
foundboth in disseminated form andin veinlets,but in crosscutting veins.Someof the quartzin the matrix
rarely exceeds2 percent of the total rock volume. mayalsobe of secondaryorigin,particularlywhere
Copper gradesare typicallylessthan 0.05 percent it is locallymassiveandassociated with sericite.The
and molybdenumvaluesbelow 15 ppm. Veins are intensityof associatedsulfidemineralizationis on the
generallynot well developedin thisalterationtype. orderof 2 to 4 vol percent.Chalcopyriteandmolyb-
denRe are more abundant than in the other alteration
Sericite-chlorite-quartz
alteration assemblages, andin zonesofintensesericiteochlorite
Thisassemblage is widespread in its distribution, alteration(Fig. 3) coppergradesusuallyexceed0.2
in particularin the centralpart of the Tangsestock percent and locally may becomeore grade (0.6-
38 VAH LEEUWEN, TAYLOR, AND HUTAGALUNG
ß

FIG. 7. Hydrothermalalterationtypes:(a) biotite, Co)chlorite-epidote,(c) sericite-chlorite-quartz,

and (d) quartz-serieite-andalusite.

0.8%); molybdenumvaluesare on the order of 100 Pyriteisthe mostabundant sulfidewith chalcopyrite

to 300 ppm. All of the sulfidephasesoccurpredom- andmolybdenite beingpresentonlyin traceamounts.
inantlyin veinsor on fractures.
Quartz-sericite-andalusite
alteration
Quartz-sericite alteration Andalusiteispresentin a numberof samples, where
Withanincrease inthesecondary quartz content it occursasaggregatesofprismatic or granularcrystals
and a concomitant decrease in the amount of chlo- andassinglegrainsupto 1 mmlongscattered through
alterationgradesintoquartz- the groundmass
rite, the sericite-chlorite (Fig. 7D). It mayalsobe presentin
sericitealteration.Thisassemblage isbestdeveloped the coresof formerfeldspargrains,in discontinuous
in the southwestern part of the prospectarea (Fig. veins,or in the envelopesof quartz-pyriteveins.It is
5), althoughother smallerzonesoccur elsewhere best developedin areas of intense sericitization,
(e.g., alongthe northeasternmarginof the Tangse whereit canconstituteup to 20 percentby volume
stock).In eachof theseareasall primarymaterialwith of the rock. Quartz and sericiteaccompany the an-
the exception of quartzhasbeencompletelyreplaced. dalusite and occur in a fashion similar to that of the
Sericiteis usuallythe dominantphase.A coarserva- quartz-sericite assemblage. Pyriteis presentin both
riety isgenerallywell developedin phenocrystpseu- disseminatedand fracture-controlled form, and dia-
domorphs,whereasfiner sericitetendsto be more sporeoccurssporadically. The sulfidecontentof this
commonin the matrixandin veinlets.Quartz,besides alterationtype is variableand rangesup to 10 vol
beingan importantcomponentof the matrixandre- percent,withpyriteasthe mostabundantsulfideand
placingphenocrysts,.also occursin veinsandveinlets. pyrite/chalcopyriteratios typically greater than
Massivequartzfloodingwith verylittle accompanying 25:1. The averagecopperand molybdenum grades
sericiteisanothermanifestation of thisalterationtype. areverylow(lessthan0.1%and20 ppm,respectively)
The sulfidecontentof quartz-sericite-altered rocksis andare similarto thoseof the quartz-sericite altera-
highly variable,rangingfrom 2 to 10 vol percent. tion.
 TANGSE CUoMOPROSPECT,INDONESIA 39

Paragenesis ondarybiotite and/or chlorite-epidoteassemblages

Many vein alterationassemblages occurat Tangse. which have moderateneutralizingpowers and low
Vein relationshipsaredifficultto determinein surface pyrite contents.The behaviorof molybdenum in the
exposure,but crosscutting featuresin drill coreallow zoneof weatheringis the oppositeof that of copper.
the followingtentativeparageneticsequenceto be The formerisrelativelyimmobilein the pyritic,acid-
established for the mostcommongroupsof veins: stablealterationassemblages but hasbeen subjected
to significant
leachingin environmentswith secondary
(1) Common,discontinuous quartz veins,up to 2 biotiteasthe dominantalterationproduct.Belowthe
cm thick, and stringersthat are barren and have ir- sulfide-free,
oxidizedcap,a patchyzoneof supergene
regularcurvingwalls.Their occurrenceis restricted copperenrichmentis present.It is typicallyonly a
to the older porphyries. few metersthick but showsbetter developmentover
(2) Rare discontinuous biotite stringers-veinlets,the high-gradehypogenecopperzone just east of
albiteveinlets,andirregular•yrite andchalcopyrite KruengBale(Fig. 5; 9 m in DDH-10, 27 m in DDH-
stringers.Theseare foundmainlyin the older por- 16). Within this zone primarycopperhasbeen up-
phyries and adjacent equigranularrocks and are gradedby a factorof 1.5 to 3. Enrichmenthastaken
probablyrelatedto the earlybiotite alterationevent. placeby the replacementof chalcopyritewith chal-
(3) Pyrite-sericite-chlorite-quartzveins; quartz- cociteanddigenite.
pyrite-andalusiteveins; quartz-chlorite-sericite-py-
rite-chalcopyriteveins;andpyrite, chalcopyrite,and Geochemistry
molybdenite,singlyor combined,filling fracturesor Whole-rockgeochemical analyses of leastaltered
in quartz+ chloriteveins.Theseveinsare very com- intrusions fromthe Tangsestockandthe Gle Seukeun
monin the olderandintermediateporphyries,where Complexare containedin Table 3. The leastaltered
they occurwith or without sericite-chlorite-quartz samples of olderporphyry,the majorintrusivephase
selvages. Thisgroupof veinsis clearlyrelatedto the associated with the porphyrymineraldeposit,exhibit
pervasivefeldspar-destructive alterationtypes. manyof the geochemical featurestypicalof calc-al-
(4) Hairline veinletsof chloriteand chlorite-py- kaline intrusivesuitesfrom other areasof porphyry
rite-chalcopyrite-epidote with or without chlorite- mineralization(Fig. 8; cf. Mason and McDonald,
sericite selvages.These clearly postdateall other 1978). They are characterizedby low abundances of
veins,andunlikethe othervein assemblages arevery K (1.09-1.35 wt %), Rb (26-40 ppm),Nb (•5 ppm),
commonin the youngerporphyries,indicatingthat Th (•4 ppm),andU (•1.5 ppm);high $r (314-488
they belongto the latestalterationevent. ppm) abundances; moderatelyhigh K/Rb and K/Ba
ratios;andlow Rb/SrandTh/U ratios(Table3). These
SupergeneAlteration
characteristics areanalogous to thoseof othernormal
The porphyrycoppersystemhasbeen subjected K intrusions that are progenitors of porphyrycopper
to widespreadsupergenealteration,oxidation,leach- mineralizationat Panguna(Ford, 1976), Koloula
ing, and secondarysulfideenrichment.With a few (Chivas,1978), Yuat South(Masonand McDonald,
exceptions surfaceexposures of the Tangsestockare 1978), and Frieda River (Whalen et al., 1982).
entirelydevoidof primarysulfidesand/orsecondary
copper minerals.In contrastlimonite is abundant;it Discussionand Summary
is concentratedalong fractures and in veins with Sumaterais situatedon the western edge of the
quartz, fills sulfidepseudomorphs, lines voids,and Asianplatewhereit commenced to developasan ac-
occursasscatteredmasses associated with secondary tive continentalmarginwith a magmaticarc at least
biotite-chloriteaggregates. The abundance of limon- asearly asthe Permian.During the past100 m.y. its
itc is related to the primary sulfidecontent.Drill- geotectonicevolution has been governedby the
hole information indicates that the thickness of the northwardmotionof the Indian plate relativeto the
sulfide-freeoxidizedzonerangesfrom 20 to 40 m, Asianplate.Thisobliqueconvergence hasresultedin
exceptin fracturezoneswhereit maybe significantly a combination of subductionandrightlateralslip,with
greater.Oxidationbelowthe alluvialcoveris negli- evidencesupportingcontinuoussubductionsinceat
gible. Copperhasbeen leachedfrom the oxidized leastthelateOligocene. Threeclearlydefinedperiods
zonein varyingdegrees,dependingon topography, of volcanism andplutonismcanbe recognizedin the
cappingrockreactivity,andthe amountof primary Cenozoic(i.e., Eocene,Oligocene,andMiocene-Pli-
pyrite.The lasttwo factorsare closelyrelatedto the ocene),but the ubiquitouspresenceof volcanicde-
type and intensityof hydrothermalalteration.The tritusin sedimentarysuccessions indicatesa measure
late feldspar-destructive alteration assemblages,of volcanicactivitythroughoutthis period (Pageet
whichareacid-stable andhavea highpyritecontent, al., 1979). Intrusionof the Tangseporphyries(ca. 13
facilitatedstrongleaching,whereasleachinghasnot m.y.)andthe developmentof the associated porphyry
beena significant featurein cappingrockwith sec- Cu-Mo mineralization(ca. 9 m.y.) formed a part of
40 VANLEEUWEN,TAYLOR,AND HUTAGALUNG

TABLE3. Geochemical
andIsotopicAnalysesof IntrusiveRocksfrom the TangseArea

Sampleno. TGA-7 TGA-2 TGB-3 TGB-4 TGB-5 TGB-1

Intrusion • GSC GSC OP OP YP PMD

(wt %)
SiO2 55.90 64.20 62.20 68.50 60.30 61.10
TiOg 1.05 0.65 0.41 0.36 0.46 0.47
AI2Oa 17.60 15.40 17.40 14.90 17.00 17.20
Fe•Oatot•l 8.05 4.47 4.27 3.43 5.07 4.53
MnO 0.15 0.10 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.17
MgO 2.85 1.36 2.54 2.23 4.38 2.92
CaO 6.16 3.11 4.56 3.44 5.85 4.97
Na•O 4.33 4.28 3.54 3.10 2.55 3.13
K•O 2.03 3.71 1.35 1.21 1.0õ 1.18
P•O• 0.41 0.17 0.16 0.09 0.08 0.16
L.O.I. 0.71 0.62 2.17 1.30 2.02 2.73

Total 99.24 98.07 98.63 98.60 98.90 98.56

S7Sr/86Sr 0.70423 0.70453

(measured)
S7Sr/S6Sr 0.70419 0.70449
(initial)

(ppm)
Sc 18 NA 12 9 19 16
V 136 49 100 103 156 117
Cr 2 18 76 19 91 64
Ni 5 6 10 10 28 11
Cu 28 9 216 474 349 90
Zn 101 62 55 51 65 147
Ga 22 18 18 17 16 15
Rb 59 92 40 26 32 20
$r 566 337 488 314 350 341
Y 42 34 20 17 21 18
Zr 210 190 97 71 67 74
Nb 5 3 3 4 1 0
Mo NA NA 33 25 NA NA
Ba 631 652 330 391 219 571
Hf 6.0 6.0 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.1
Ta 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3
Pb 9 11 7 1 2 5
Th 2.4 7.0 3.7 2.5 2.2 2.9
U 0.7 2.0 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.9
K/'Rb 286 335 280 386 283 490
K/Ba 27 47 34 26 41 17
Rb/Sr 0.10 0.27 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.06
Th/U 3.4 3.5 2.8 5.0 2.2 3.2

Sfrontiumisotoperatioshavebeennormalizedto E & A standardvalueof 0.7080; initialstrontiumisotoperatioscalculatedusing

K/Ar ageslistedin Table 1; majorandtraceelementsanalyzedusingAA, XRF (of.Wynne,1983), andneutronactivationtechniques
(of. Ludden et al., 1982)
l G$C = Gle SeukeunComplex;OP = older porphyries;
YP = youngerporphyries;
PMD = postmineralization
dikes,NA = not
analyzed,L.O.I. = losson ignition

the latestperiod of Miocene-Pliocene magmatism. developmentof the associated porphyrymineraliza-

This consistedmainlyof andesiticand daciticpyro- tion were facilitatedby the Sumaterafault system.
clasticactivity and the intrusionof numeroussmall Cu-Mo mineralization is localized between two
stocksandbatholithsof dioriticto graniticcomposi- obliquelyconverging splays(theTangseandPeuna-
tion. The Tangseporphyriesrepresenta normal K lomfaults)belongingto thisstructuralfeaturewhich
calc-alkaline
suitetypicalof island-arcandcontinental traversesthe length of the islandand representsa
margintectonicsettingsin the southwestPacific(Ma- fundamental break between oceanic and continental
sonand McDonald, 1978; Chivaset al., 1982). The crust. Initial strontiumisotoperatios of the Tangse
emplacementof the Tangsestockand the structural intrusionsare uniformlylow (0.70423-0.70453) and
 TANGSECU-MOPROSPECT,
INDONESIA 41

responsiblefor substantial
remobilizationandrecon-
ß
0
BIOTITE GRANODIORITE.
PANGUNA
OLDER PORPHYRIES. TANGSE
centrationof hypogenecopperandmolybdenum.
ß CHIKORATONALITEPORPHYRYKOLOULA
Acknowledgments
[] HDRSEMICRODIORITEFRIEOARIVEH
4 - ß L PORPHYRIESEL SALVAOOR The authorswish to acknowledgethe significant
contributionsmadeby all geologists concerned with
the Tangseproject,in particularSutoyoand Umar
Olii, andto expresstheir thanksto D. Taylor,R. D.
Beckinsale, and two anonymous EconomicGeology
reviewers for their constructive criticism of various
aspectsof this manuscriptand for accessto unpub-
lishedinformation.K. Bell (CarletonUniversity),G.
Andrewsand D. Press(Memorial University), and
J. N. Ludden (Universit•de Montrf•al)generously
providedassistance forthe strontiumisotopeanalysis
SiO 2 Wt % and major and trace elementgeochemicalanalysis,
FIG. 8. SiO2 versus K20 diagram for intrusive rocks from
respectively.This researchhasbeensupportedby a
Tangseand other areasof porphyrycoppermineralization.Data NaturalSciences andEngineering ResearchCouncil,
sourcesare: Panguna(Ford, 1976, 1978), Koloula(Chivaset al., Canada,operatinggrant(U-0478)to R. P. Taylor.Rio
1982), FriedaRiver (Whalenet al., 1982), andEl Salvador(Bald- TintoIndonesiakindlyprovidedpermission for pub-
win and pearce, 1982). Field boundariesare from Masonand lication.
McDonald (1978).
July 17, 1985; March 24, 1986
REFERENCES
prohibitanysignificantinvolvementof a sialiccrustal
component in porphyrymagmagenesis. Assuchthey Baldwin,J. A., and Pearce,J. A., 1982, Discriminationof pro-
closely resemblestrontiuminitial ratios from the ductiveandnonproductive porphyriticintrusionsin the Chilean
Andes:ECON.GEOL.,v. 77, p. 664-674.
nearbymineralizedGeunteutgranodiorite(0.70418, Bennett,J.D., Bridge,D., Cameron,N. R., Djunuddin,A., Ghazali,
14.3 m.y.; R. D. Beckinsale,writ. commun.)andthe S. A., Jeffcry,D. H., Keats,W., Rock, N. M. S., Thompson,
hostGle SeukeunComplex(0.70456; R. D. Beckin- S. J., and Whandoyo,R., 1980, Geologicmap of the Banda
sale,writ. commun.),andsuggest a closegeneticlink Aceh quadrangle,north Sumatera:Bandung,Indonesia,Direc-
torate Mineral Resources.
between magmatismand subduction.
Chivas,A. R., 1978, Porphyrycoppermineralizationat the Koloula
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