Tribhuvan University

Faculty of humanities and Social Science

Kirtipur Nepal

Lab Report of: Data Analysis and Visualization

Semester: 8th

Submitted By:

Name: Sanjeeb Rokaya

Reg. No: 6-2-1200-7-2018

Submitted To:

Samir Sitaula

Lecturer

Samarpan Academy

Department of Bachelor in Computer Application

Dhumbarahi, Kathmandu, Nepal

 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Mr. Samir Sitaula, my lecturer, for his guidance
and encouragement during the entire process of preparing this lab report. His broad knowledge
and insightful criticism were critical in improving the quality and depth of my report.

I am also grateful to my close friends for their constant support and thought-provoking chats during
the study process. Their eagerness to engage in intellectual debates and helpful contributions surely
helped to improve the overall quality of this report.

Finally, I'd like to offer my heartfelt gratitude to everyone who helped me, directly or indirectly,
finish this study report. Your support, recommendations, and help have been invaluable in
preparing this report.

Sincerely,

Sanjeeb Rokaya
 Table of Contents

Data Analysis and Visualization ..................................................................................................... 4

1. Microsoft Excel .................................................................................................................... 4

2. Bar Chart .............................................................................................................................. 4

2.1 Vertical Bar Chart ............................................................................................................. 5

2.2 Horizontal Bar Chart ......................................................................................................... 6

2.3 Grouped Bar Chart........................................................................................................ 6

2.4 Stacked Bar Chart ......................................................................................................... 7

2.5 100% Stacked Bar Chart............................................................................................... 8

3. Line Graph ........................................................................................................................... 8

4. Pie Chart............................................................................................................................... 9

4.1 Basic pie chart .............................................................................................................. 9

4.2 Doughnut Pie chart ..................................................................................................... 10

4.3 3D Pie Chart ............................................................................................................... 11

5. Scatter Plot ......................................................................................................................... 11

Tableau .......................................................................................................................................... 13

i. Bar Chart ............................................................................................................................ 14

ii. Pie Chart............................................................................................................................. 15

iii. Line Graph...................................................................................................................... 15

iv. Tree Map ........................................................................................................................ 15

v. Heat Map ............................................................................................................................ 16

Kobo Toolbox ............................................................................................................................... 17

Google Form ................................................................................................................................. 20

 Data Analysis and Visualization
Theory

Data analysis and visualization are essential components of the data-driven decision-making
process. They are critical in interpreting the information contained in datasets, helping researchers,
analysts, and decision-makers to get useful insights.

Data analysis is the process of examining, cleansing, manipulating, and modeling data in order to
uncover patterns, trends, and relationships within the information. It is the transformation of raw
data into useful and meaning information.

Data visualization is the use of graphics to display complex information in a visually appealing
and accessible manner. Visualizations make it easier to successfully communicate results, trends,
and patterns to a wide range of stakeholders, even those with little technical knowledge. Data
visualizations include graphs, charts, heatmaps, histograms, scatter plots, and interactive
dashboards, which allow users to examine data and acquire insights at a glance.

1. Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Excel is a popular spreadsheet creation and management program. It is a component of
the Microsoft Office suite that offers a variety of tools for organizing, analyzing, and presenting
data in a tabular manner. Excel is often used for data entry, calculations, data analysis, and the
creation of charts and graphs. It is widely used in a variety of industries and professions, ranging
from banking and business to research and education.

2. Bar Chart
A bar chart is a sort of data visualization that uses rectangular bars to represent data. Each bar
usually represents a category or group, and its length or height is proportional to the value it
represents. Bar charts are frequently used to compare data across categories and to show discrete
data points.

The types of the bar chart are:

2.1 Vertical Bar Chart
A vertical bar chart is a data visualization technique in which bars are shown vertically along
the x-axis. Each bar represents a different category or group, and its length correlates to the
value it represents. Vertical bar charts are especially useful for comparing data across
categories or displaying discrete data points.

Example:

Country Population(%)
India 10%
Nepal 1.20%
China 9%
Bhutan 0.90%
Pakistan 2.30%
Japan 4%

Population(%)
12%

10%

8%

6%

4%

2%

0%
India Nepal China Bhutan Pakistan Japan
2.2 Horizontal Bar Chart
A horizontal bar chart is a type of data visualization where bars are displayed horizontally
along the y-axis. Each bar represents a category or group, and the length of the bar corresponds
to the value it represents. Horizontal bar charts are commonly used to compare data across
different categories or to show discrete data points.

Example:

Population(%)

Japan

Pakistan

Bhutan

China

Nepal

India

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%

2.3 Grouped Bar Chart

A grouped bar chart is a type of data visualization that shows many bars side by side on the x-axis
within each category or group. This chart compares values across many variables or subcategories
within each main category.

Example: Here is sales data for two different products:

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Iphone 78 91 140 150 156 167 170 182 193 197 206
Samsung 14 34 78 90 70 110 130 162 190 201 220
 Sales Report
250

200

150

100

50

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Iphone Samsung

2.4 Stacked Bar Chart

A stacked bar chart is a data visualization that presents data in stacked bars, where each bar
represents a category, and the subcategories are stacked on top of each other to show the
cumulative total.

Example:

Region Product A Product B

Region 1 50 30
Region 2 40 20
Region 3 60 40

Sales Report
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3

Product A Product B
2.5 100% Stacked Bar Chart
It is a type of data visualization where multiple bars are stacked on top of each other, and the
height of each individual segment within the bar represents the percentage contribution of a
subcategory to the total.

Example

Passed Failed
Subject Student Student
Math 85 15
Science 77 23
English 90 10
History 98 2
Art 91 9

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Math Science English History Art

Passed Student Failed Student

3. Line Graph
A line graph is a straightforward and effective way to represent data using lines that connect
points plotted on a graph. It shows how a particular variable changes over time or in relation
to another variable. The horizontal axis (x-axis) typically represents time or categories, while
the vertical axis (y-axis) represents the value of the variable being measured.
 Jan Feb March Mar Apr April
Bishal 19 22 16 16 32 52
Shyam 21 22 18 42 52 32

Score Sheet
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Jan Feb March Mar Apr April

Bishal Shyam

4. Pie Chart
A pie chart is a circular graphical representation of data distribution as a group of sectors, with
each sector representing a percentage of the total. The entire pie represents 100% of the data,
and the size of each sector corresponds to the percentage of the total it represents.

Different types of pie chart are:

4.1 Basic pie chart

A basic pie chart is a simple circular graph that visually represents the distribution of categories
within a dataset. The circle represents the total, and each slice of the pie corresponds to a
specific category. The size of each slice is proportional to the percentage or value it represents
relative to the whole. Labels often accompany the slices to identify categories and distinct
colors differentiate them.
 Travelers Number
American 231
Chinese 125
Chinese 326
Indian 96
Japanese 12

Travelers

American Chinese Chinese Indian Japanese

4.2 Doughnut Pie chart

A donut pie chart is a pie chart with a hole in the center, giving it a donut-like appearance. The
center hole in the graphic does not represent any data and is just decorative. The donut pie chart
performs the same function as a standard pie chart in that it represents the distribution of data
across various categories. The size of each segment is proportional to the percentage it represents
in relation to the entire data set.

Travellers

American Chinese Chinese Indian Japanese

4.3 3D Pie Chart
A 3D pie chart is a type of pie chart that adds a third dimension to the depiction by leveraging
depth to create a three-dimensional effect. Each slice of the pie in a 3D pie chart is rendered as
a segment of a 3D circle, producing the appearance of depth and perspective. A 3D circle's
goal is to make the chart aesthetically appealing and to add dimension to the data.

Number

American Chinese Chinese Indian Japanese

5. Scatter Plot
A scatter plot is a type of graphical representation that shows the relationship between two
variables in a dataset. It is especially effective for illustrating the relationship or pattern
between two numerical variables. Each data point in the scatter plot represents a single
observation, and its location on the graph is determined by the values of the two variables
under consideration.

Students Math Science

A 65 50
B 68 60
C 62 30
D 70 80
E 72 90
 Students Marks
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Math Science
Tableau
Tableau is an advanced data visualization platform that allows users to build dynamic and
meaningful visuals from a variety of data sources. Tableau's user-friendly interface and drag-and-
drop features enable both novice and professional analysts to swiftly convert raw data into relevant
dashboards, charts, and reports. It supports a variety of data types, including spreadsheets,
databases, and cloud services, making it useful for data integration. Tableau's user-friendly
capabilities, such as data blending and data aggregation, allow users to efficiently analyze massive
datasets and reveal significant insights. Furthermore, its interaction capabilities let users to delve
down into data, apply filters, and interact with visualizations, allowing for a more in-depth
investigation of underlying trends and patterns.
i. Bar Chart
a. Vertical Bar Chart

b. Horizontal Bar Chart

 ii. Pie Chart

iii. Line Graph

iv. Tree Map

A tree map is a type of hierarchical data visualization that presents data as nested rectangles. It is
used to depict proportions and hierarchical relationships between different categories in a dataset.
The size and color of each rectangle can convey information about the data it represents.
v. Heat Map
A heat map is a two-dimensional grid or matrix in which values are represented visually using
colors. It's an effective tool for visualizing patterns, trends, and variances in massive datasets. Heat
maps are frequently used to draw attention to correlations, concentrations, or variations in data
values.
Kobo Toolbox
Kobo Toolbox is an open-source data collecting and survey application that aims to simplify and
streamline data collection in a variety of settings. Kobo Toolbox, created by the Harvard
Humanitarian Initiative, helps users to design personalized surveys, quizzes, and data gathering
forms that can be accessed via mobile devices or the online. Because data may be captured offline
and synced later when an internet connection is available, the technology is especially useful for
researchers, humanitarian organizations, and field workers working in distant or resource-
constrained places.

Following are the steps to create a form in Kobo Toolbox:

1. Sign up and login to KoboToolbox: Create a KoboToolbox account and log in to access
the platform's features and tools.
2. Create a new project: Start a new data collection project to organize your forms and data.
3. Design your form: Use the KoboToolbox form builder to design your survey or data
collection form by adding questions, selecting question types, and customizing the layout.
4. Set up form settings: Configure form settings, such as form title, language, and data
submission preferences.
5. Add constraints and validation: Ensure data accuracy by adding constraints and
validation rules to enforce data entry rules and prevent errors.
6. Test your form: Test the form on a device to ensure it functions as expected and data is
collected correctly.
7. Deploy the form: Publish your form to make it available for data collection on mobile
devices or the web.
8. Collect data: Start collecting data using the form on smartphones, tablets, or computers.
9. Monitor data submissions: Monitor form submissions and data received through the
KoboToolbox interface.
10. Analyze and visualize data: Use KoboToolbox's data analysis and visualization features
to gain insights from the collected data.
Google Form
Google Forms is a simple and versatile tool that allows users to build customized surveys, quizzes,
and forms for a variety of reasons. Users can simply construct and personalize their forms using
its simple drag-and-drop interface, selecting from a variety of question kinds such as multiple-
choice, short response, and more. Google Forms captures and organizes responses in a Google
Sheets spreadsheet, allowing for easy data management and analysis. Users can easily distribute
the forms to responders by sharing them via links or embedding them on websites. Google Forms,
whether used for conducting surveys, collecting feedback, or organizing event registrations,
provides a simple and quick way to collect and analyze data for personal, educational, or
professional purposes.

1. Sign in to your Google Account on forms.google.com or through Google Drive.

2. Give your form a title and description.
3. Click the "+" icon to add questions and choose the question type (e.g., multiple choice,
short answer).
4. Customize each question's settings, like making it required or adding answer choices.
5. Adjust overall form settings, such as limiting responses or collecting email addresses, using
the gear icon.
6. Add conditional logic and branching to show or hide questions based on previous answers.
7. Preview your form's appearance by clicking the "eye" icon.
8. Share your form via a shareable link, email, or embed it on a website using the "Send"
button.
9. Access collected responses under the "Responses" tab and view summary charts and graphs
for data analysis.
10. Explore additional features like adding images, videos, and section headers to enhance your
form's engagement.
11. To make changes, go back to the Google Forms homepage, select your form from the list,
and click "Edit."