International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 11, November 2013 1

ISSN 2250-3153

Analysis of S-shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for

Bluetooth application
Mohammad Aneesh*, J.A Ansari**, Ashish Singh**, Kamakshi**, S.S Sayeed**
*
Department of Electronics & Communication,
J.K Institute of Applied Physics & Technology
University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, U.P, India

Abstract- In this paper, S-shape microstrip patch antenna is

investigated for wideband operation using circuit theory concept
based on modal expansion cavity model. It is found that the
antenna resonates at 2.62 GHz. The bandwidth of the S-shape
microstrip patch antenna 21.62 % (theoretical) and 20.49%
(simulated). The theoretical results are compared with IE3D
simulation as well as reported experimental results and they are
in close agreement.
Index Terms- Microstrip Patch Antenna (MSA), Notch,
Wireless, Bluetooth.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN AND ITS EQUIVALENT
CIRCUIT
The geometry of proposed S-shape microstrip patch antenna is
shown in Fig. 1. The proposed antenna is loaded with two
notches. The design specification of antenna is given in the Table
1. The microstrip patch is considered as a parallel combination of
resistance (R1), inductance (L1) and capacitance (C1) as shown in
Fig. 2(a). The values of R1, L1, and C1 can be calculated as:

I. INTRODUCTION
he rapid development of wireless communication urges the
T need of wide and dualband antennas. Microstrip patch
antennas (MSA) have found wide spread application in
wireless communication industry due to their various advantages
such as low cost ease fabrication, linearly and circularly
polarization. Due to these advantages, many researchers worked
on MSA; firstly, it was reported by Deschamp [1] while first
experimental MSA was reported by Howell [2], and till now
rapid development have been reported in the field of MSA.
(a)
Further several designs of microstrip patch antennas are reported
in this field, Deshmukh and Ray reported Analysis of Broadband S-Shape Patch
Psi (Ψ)-Shaped Microstrip Antennas[3], Simulated and measured
results for a S-shaped monopole patch antenna on a
Dielectric Substrate
h

BiNbO4 layer[4], A compact microstrip slot antenna with novel

E-shaped coupling aperture[5], Analysis of an H-shape cross
slotted aperture-coupled microstrip patch antenna[6], FDTD Feeding Point
analysis of a compact, H-shaped microstrip patch antenna[7], H-
shaped microstrip patch antenna using L-probe fed for wideband (b)
applications[8], Design of an H-shape cross slotted aperture- Figure 1. S-Shape notch loaded patch antenna (a) Top view (b) Side View
coupled microstrip patch antenna[9], A tri-band H- Shaped
microstrip patch antenna for DCS and WLAN applications[10],
Table 1: Design specifications for different configuration of S
stacked H shaped microstrip patch antenna[11], experimental
study of microstip patch antenna with an L-shaped probe[12], shape MSA
Compact and Broadband Microstrip Stacked Patch Antenna With Length of the rectangular patch (L) 45.00 mm
Circular Polarization for 2.45-GHz Mobile RFID Reader[13]. Width of the rectangular patch (W) 35.00 mm
Above reported papers lack theoretical analysis for S-shape notch Substrate Thickness (h) 10.50 mm
loaded MSA and they have not compared theoretical and Length of the notch (LN) 32.00 mm
simulated results, these papers also lack equivalent circuits. Width of the notch (WN) 06.00 mm
In this paper, the theoretical results of S-shape notch Dielectric constant of the material (  r ) 1.07
loaded MSA are compared with theoretical and simulated results. Feed point location(xo,yo) (8,17)
Details of the antennas design, theoretical, and simulated results
are also presented and discussed.

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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 11, November 2013 2
ISSN 2250-3153

QT
R1  L C
C1 (1)
1 R1 L1
L1  C1
 C1 2
(2)
ZN

 0 e LW  y0 L C
C1  cos 2 ( )
2h L (3) (b)
where L, W is the length and width of the rectangular patch ZN ZP
respectively. y0 = feed point location, h= thickness of the
substrate material. LM
c e
QT 
4 fh (5) CM
where c= velocity of light, f=the design frequency, e is
effective permittivity of the medium which is given by [14] (c)
 r  1  r 1 10h  12 Figure 2. (a) Equivalent circuit of patch
e   (1  ) (b) Equivalent circuit of notch
2 2 W (6) (c) Equivalent circuit of coupled S-Shape notch loaded patch antenna
where  r is relative permittivity of the substrate material.
Therefore, the impedance of the rectangular patch can be The total input impedance of the S-shape notch loaded patch
calculated from Fig. 2(a) as Z Z
1 Z Z  M P
ZP  T N Z Z
(10)
1 1 M P
(   jC1 )
R1 j L1 (7) III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this rectangular patch two notches ( Ln Wn ) are loaded, Figure 3(a) shows the comparison between theoretical and
which cause the flow of two currents in the patch, one is the simulated results for S-shape antenna and they are found in close
normal patch current which causes the antenna to resonate at the agreement. Figure 3(b) shows the variation of reflection
design of frequency of the initial patch; however, the other coefficient with frequency for different length (Ln) of S-shape
current flows around the notch resulting into second resonance antenna. On increasing the length of notch from 32 to 40 mm
frequency. Discontinues due to notch incorporated in the patch lower and higher resonance frequencies shift towards lower side.
are considered in terms of an additional series inductance ( L ) Figure 3(c) shows the variation of reflection coefficient with
and series capacitance ( C ) that modify the equivalent circuit frequency for different width of notch. On increasing the width
from 6 to 8 mm, wideband is obtained and frequencies are shifted
of the RMSA as shown in Fig. 2(b), in which L and C can be to lower resonance side, while for the notch width 7 mm to 7.5
calculated as [15]-[16] mm lower and higher resonance frequencies having no
L2  L1  2L (8)
significant change.
Figure 3(d) shows the variation of reflection coefficient with
C1C 2
frequency for different height (h) of the substrate of S shape
C2 
C 2  2C1C (9)
antenna. On increasing the height (h) of the substrate from 10.5
to 13.5 mm lower frequencies shifted towards lower side and
The value of the R1 after cutting the notch is calculated by [17]. higher resonance frequencies shifted towards higher side. Figure
It may be noted that the two resonant circuits, rectangular patch 3(e) shows the gain plot with frequency. The maximum gain of
and notch loaded patch are coupled through mutual inductance the antenna is obtained at center frequency 2.62 GHz is 8.1 dBi
(LM) and mutual capacitance (CM). Thus the notch loaded patch and 8.2 dBi theoretical and simulated values respectively. Which
can be considered as fig 2(c). are found in close agreement with each other. Figure 3(f) shows
the efficiency plot with frequency, it is found that theoretical and
simulated maximum efficiency is 91.75 and 92.04 %
R1 L1 C1 respectively, which is obtained at center frequency 2.62 GHz.
ZP

(a)

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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 11, November 2013 3
ISSN 2250-3153

0 0

-5
-5
-10
-10
-15
Return Loss (dB)

-15
-20

S11(dB)
-20 -25

-25 -30

Theoretical -35 h = 10.5 mm

-30
Simulated h = 11.5 mm
-40 h = 12.5 mm
-35 h = 13.5 mm
-45

-40
2 2.5 3 3.5 -50
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)

Fig. 3(a) Comparative plot of theoretical and simulated results for antenna Fig. 3(d) Variation of reflection coefficient with frequency for different height of
the substrate (h)

10
-5

-10 8

-15 6

-20
4
S11(dB)

Gain(dBi)

-25
2
-30

0
-35
Ln = 32 mm
Ln = 34 mm Theoretical
-40 -2
Ln = 36 mm Simulated
Ln = 38mm
-45 Ln = 40 mm -4

-50
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 -6
Frequency(GHz) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Frequency(GHz)

Fig. 3(b) Variation of reflection coefficient with frequency for different length of Fig. 3(e) Comparative plot of gain with frequency
notch (Ln)
100

0 90

-5 80

-10 70
Antenna Efficiency(%)

-15 60

-20 Wn = 8.0 mm 50
Wn = 7.5 mm
S11(dB)

-25 Wn = 7.0 mm 40
Wn = 6.5 mm
-30 Wn = 6.0 mm 30

Theoretical
-35 20 Simulated

-40 10

-45 0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Frequency(GHz)
-50
2 2.5 3 3.5
Frequency(GHz) Fig. 3(f) Comparative plot of antenna efficiency vs frequency
Fig. 3(c) Variation of reflection coefficient with frequency for different width of
notch (Wn)

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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 11, November 2013 4
ISSN 2250-3153

[9] Mingqiang Bai; Jun Xing; Zhigang Wang; Bo Yan, “Design of an H-

shape cross slotted aperture-coupled microstrip patch antenna”, IEEE Int.
Workshop Electromagnetics Applications Student Innovation (iWEM), pp. 1
IV. CONCLUSION – 3, 2012.
An analysis of S-shape MSA has been carried out. The S- [10] W. Afzal, U. Rafique, M. M. Ahmed, M. A. Khan, F. A. Mughal, “ tri-
band H-shaped microstrip patch antenna for DCS and WLAN
shape MSA parameters depend on length of notch, width of the applications,” 19th Int. Conf. Microwave Radar and Wireless
notch and height of the substrate. The theoretical and simulated Communications (MIKON), Vol. 1 , pp 256 – 258, 2012.
results are in close agreement of S-shape MSA which has center [11] J. Anguera, L. Boada, C. Puente, C. Borja, J. Soler,“Stacked H
frequency at 2.62 GHz and suitable for broadband operation with shaped microstrip patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas
Propagation, Vol. 52 , Issue 4, pp 983 - 99, 2004.
sufficient bandwidth and moderate gain, this antenna can be
[12] C. L. Mak, K. M. Luk, K. F. Lee, Y. L. Chow,“Experimental study of
utilized in various wireless communication systems. a microstrip patch antenna with an L-shaped probe” IEEE Trans. Antennas
Propagation,Vol. 48, Issue 5, pp. 777 – 783, 2000.
[13] Tingqiang Wu, Hua Su, Liyun Gan, Huizhu Chen, Jingyao Huang, Huaiwu
ACKNOWLEDGMENT Zhang,“A Compact and Broadband Microstrip Stacked PatchAntenna With
Circular Polarization for 2.45-GHz Mobile RFID Reader”, IEEE Lett.
The author is very grateful to Maulana Azad National Antennas and Wireless Propagation, Vol 12, pp 623 - 626,2013.
Fellowship, University Grant Commission, New Delhi for [14] I. J.Bahal, and P. Bhartia, Microstrip Antennas, Boston, MA, Artech House,
providing me financial assistance through senior research 1985.
fellowship. [15] V. K. Pandey, and B. R. Vishvakarma, “Theoretical analysis of linear array
antenna of stacked patches,” Indian J Radio & space phys, Vol. 3, pp.125-
127, 2005.
[16] M. K. Meshram, and B. R. Vishvakarma, “Gap–coupled microstrip array
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[5] O. Hoseini Izadi, M. Mehrparvar,“ A compact microstrip slot antenna with First Author – Mohammad Aneesh, Research Scholar,
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Second Author – J.A Ansari, Ph.D, University of Allahabad,
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Correspondence Author – Mohammad Aneesh, Research
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(EUCAP), pp. 2827 – 2831, 2012.

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