By Rafael Testai

Full summary here.

Q: Describe the characteristics of each

NO LEARNING:
Vs

STRONG LEARNING:
A:

NO LEARNING: Repetition, Easy,

Vs

STRONG LEARNING: Elaboration + Hard + Relate it to

meaningful problem + application. Relate to what you already
know, you’ll feel stuck recalling bc it takes effort, spaced
repetition, interleaved with 2+ subjects.
Q: What should you do after a lecture/class?
A:
1)Write on a page for 5 mins what you remember from
the class(e.g. concepts covered, main ideas)

2) Review and compare what you remember vs what

was taught in class

3) Reflection: Ask yourself: “What are some key ideas?

What are some examples? How do these relate to what I
already know?
Q: What helps calibrate our judgement of how much we
know?
A: Quizzing.
Q: When are the best times to test yourself?
A:

1)Right after class (10 min blank sheet, dump all you
know & can remember)

2)Spaced out, periodically.

Q: Describe what effective flashcard techniques are.
A: EFFECTIVE FLASHCARD TECHNIQUES:

- Should require cognitive effort . Should not become a mindless recitation.

- Should be spaced out. 🕒
- Best times to test : 1)Right after class. 2)Spaced out, periodically.
- Filling out the words and missing letters results in better memory of the word.
(E.g. “I like to play bask___ll.” Answer: basketball)

- Short answer flashcards > multiple choice/fill in the blank/true flashcards.

-Make 3 piles of flashcards.

Box 1: Flashcards you make mistakes – practice daily (red)
Box 2: Flashcards you’re pretty good at – every other day (orange)
Box 3: Flashcards ….. less practiced
Q: How long should the intervals be between spaced
practice?
A: Enough so that practice doesn't become a mindless
repetition.

Enough times so that a little forgotten has set in.

A little forgetting between practice sessions can be a
good thing.

You don't want so much forgetting that the retrieval

essentially involves re learning the material.
Q1: What is interleaving subjects
Q2: How many subjects should you interleave?
Q3: How do you interleave successfully?
A1: Interleave is studying multiple subjects.

A2: 2+ subjects.

A3: Interleaving 2+ subjects provides a form of spacing.

Just when you’re about to get it, switch task.

*Disclaimer: Interleaving may feel disruptive and

counterproductive. Don’t worry, this feeling is illusory and
interleaving subjects works best.
Q: When should you switch subjects(ur studying)
and why?
A: Just when you’re about to get it, switch task.

*Disclaimer: Interleaving may feel disruptive and

counterproductive. Don’t worry, this feeling is illusory and
interleaving subjects works best.
Q: If you want limitless storage in your brain, what
memory learning technique should you utilize?

Hint:
A: Elaboration: Limitless storage.

Elaboration Is the process of giving new material

meaning by expressing it in your own words and
connecting it with what you already know. (build upon
previous blocks, relate it to previous blocks, helps
anchor it)
Q: What's a good indicator that you're learning?
A: Ease of retrieval after delay.