PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY

BY: SUSHANT YADAV

DEVASHISH SHARMA
❑ Paper chromatography (PC) is a type of a planar
chromatography whereby chromatography
procedures are run on a specialized paper.

❑ It is considered to be the simplest and most widely

used of the chromatographic techniques because of
its applicability to isolation, identification and
quantitative determination of organic and inorganic
compounds.
Principle of Separation
• The principle of separation is mainly partition rather than adsorption.
Substances are distributed between a stationary phase and mobile phase.

• Cellulose layers in filter paper contain moisture which acts as stationary

phase.
• Organic solvents/buffers are used as mobile phase.
• The developing solution travels up the stationary phase carrying the sample
with it.
• Components of the sample will separate readily according to how strongly
they adsorb onto the stationary phase versus how readily they dissolve in the
mobile phase.
Procedure of Paper Chromatography
Step 1 :Prepare the Stationary

Phase Cut a piece of filter paper to the desired size. The

size of the paper depends on the amount of the mixture
to be separated. The paper should be long enough to
hang over the edge of the container holding the solvent.
Step 2 : Spotting the Sample
Using a capillary tube or micropipette, spot the mixture
onto the filter paper. The spot should be small and
concentrated. The spot should be allowed to dry
completely before proceeding.

Step 3 : Preparing the Mobile Phase

Prepare the mobile phase by pouring a small amount of
the solvent into a container. The level of the solvent
should be below the spot on the filter paper.
Step 4 : Placing the Paper in the Container
Place the filter paper in the container with the solvent.
The paper should be held in place so that it does not
move.
Step 5 : Developing the Chromatogram
Allow the solvent to move up the paper by capillary
action. The solvent will carry the different components of
the mixture along with it. Once the solvent has reached
the top of the paper, remove the paper from the
container and allow it to dry completely.
Step 6 : Analyzing the Chromatogram

The chromatogram can be analyzed visually or using

other methods such as UV or fluorescence spectroscopy.

The different components of the mixture will appear as

spots on the paper. The distance travelled by each
component can be measured and used to identify the
component.
Applications of Paper Chromatography
Paper chromatography has many applications in various
fields, some of which are discussed below.

1. Separation of Amino Acids

2. Forensic Analysis
3. Food Analysis
4. Environmental Analysis
5. Pharmaceutical Analysis
6. Chemical Education
Advantages of Paper Chromatography
There are several advantages of using paper
chromatography, which include:

1. Simple and Inexpensive

2. High Separation Efficiency
3. Rapid Analysis