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CORE PRINCIPLE ‘STUFF THAT A = STUFF THAT A j oe ass BUSINESS = BUSINESS sexs, OQWNS OWES . =e Teas talancts TO WHO mn Fares ASSETS = LIABILITIES + EQUITY : Neeser “Sainte Sones CAPITAL, RETAINED CONTRIBUTIONS * EARNINGS von SOME STATEMENT er Siotastunes. “| REVENUE - EXPENSES BREAD EXPENSES, SHORT-TERM INVESTENTS FORA CURRENT ASSETS Now Behe Propet ab Sauevet TIAL NON CURRENT ASSETS TOTAL ASSETS, AL ASSETS ARE AWS COLIN, ~~ IO HOAL UAT MOLY ACCUMULATED - WITHDRAWALS x ‘TOTAL CURRENT ABILITIES games ‘ LONG TE + TOA NON CLAN UnBEITES ant uasames — — rauiy “QuneRs Coury RETANED EARNS ToraL equry TOTAL UABITIS AND EGUTY THE NETALNDS ESTED WO A Busnes ~ —a val ASROARE CK AIRES A Samay OF arusnasss avoustames — Uninadurcatont CRA FEROO Toe ‘Sua riRco oF Tne Soy sceeeme owas ASSETS = LABILMIES ¢ ‘eQUry, ieee orcs ste) entry TRANSACTIONS . spe woxcs 207 Apurmer ora wrssre sa evra rescore agtec’ webu iereianrestour | sacitces fade Hema Ace Sousesees nature oe aberrant Tea as even BeS LORDS aliviteat headin ‘Stonmant wenacenine Sitanet ser + Rohor Pree mundi Tencctors jou Sern, i ACCOUNTING CYCLE wucronnees spo exxeusncio. ABIED geome cmap ae ice PRCA EC COTS Seeds ‘rupees eestor ng poo Sov aconun ines eae Toke 1 asia narsroes sppespoccnuewnine Lar | Sema err eo DR ‘oma nae agers pyri unatiern ‘oe ‘STEP 4 x eae ae < BANE apuce waco itscat fractions at TRALEALANCE SS EE sera CoH NANI sccoun xt con ROVONA 1 SCOCATD AS Ts ENED oe oR ac toca cowa y be ACCOUNTHAME ce oes BS iaman | a souaent x sieuson Gorm neta Re ges amet . Facoes Read x " a ’ coomnencoteaatinne i rier seu encom wes ancasecoun Avec seesoasen (OUPDSES AR RECOROED AS WHEN CASH PAD OUT * ® AN ACCOUNT DOUBLE-ENTRY BOOKKEEPING EVERY ACCOUNTING ENTRY HAS AN ‘OPPOSITE CORRESPONDING ENTRY IN A DIFFERENT ACCOUNT MECONCEFTIONS #>> iS 20 CHEETA ‘ HS GOOD MORBAD 2. eeTs ano creo anc wor Ne Shem mone cesuACTIG ~~ DEBITS AND CREDITS: “ARE WORDS USED TO REFLECT THE DUALITY OR DOUBLE-SDED NATURE (OF ALL FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS me es To herawor ASUS xo FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS INVOWVE A FLOW OF ECONOMIC BENEFIT FROM A SOURCE TO A DESTINATION destiAtons --~ . RCE DEBITS “CREDITS a D EQUI E LIABI A R DEALER. AND HERE IS THE PROOF... THE ACCOUNTING EQUATION STATES THAT scrown BR a BUT EQUITY § MACE UP OF AND SINCE RETANED EARNINGS ARE PROFTTS HELD FOR FUTURE USE SO EQUITY EXPANDED S AND IF WE DROP THS IN TO THE ACCOUNTING EQUATION WE GET f T V WHICH CAN BE REARRANGED AS DIVIDENDS + EX ‘ASSETS = WABi EQUITY + REVENU =| xp rope aut dees Mee wilt nS THS IS THE PLACE WHERE WE RECORD, SORT AND STORE 5 ‘ALL FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS THAT ppaclie hause AFFECT A GROUP OF RELATED ITEMS. of bat Bee DIS ne ace were Bia edie TEARBICTORS ANS ace T-ACCOUNT YOUCHE NOTE cow St Pace 7 ‘THIS A VISUAL REPRESENTATION OF AN ACCOUNT ; HEB oO Rvaerk semua er acines sonia cnr accom , ep . Bygps wages , SHEE SER” RR OEE BELSON toma ne ciao exile CASH ACCOUNT ee SASH ACCOUNT _ + OPENING BALANCE ro OPENING BALANCE 100] BLL PAYMENT (40) BILL PAYMENT 40 NEW SUPPLIES (3) [NEW SUPPLIES. B -GOSNG BALANCE 35" CRC ERRE mat E00 j ; neva oer boonane J swersoawoxormermemarn UBL era eH 8 mune sapnleionion WANT Roe roma. at APONTE sR EHills 2. ere puncu raesicrow es a iseperazaen Eee. 0e0 BOOKKEEPING THE SYSTEMATIC PROCESS OF posite RECORDING, SORTING AND STORING remeaoears enue ys ‘gpesten ‘A BUSINESS'S FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS. Date Tg ee es ED Rear RTS ne newounen O JOURNAL ENTRY (JE) A RECORD OF A PNANCIAL TRANSACTION CUAL NC eae ctor scare ral SI eR, ornesccounte é CASS ie RoR, JOURNAL NUMBER: 00 s \ _ DATE ACCOUNT © DEBIT CREDIT Compr entnes, A Geen “ouRNal CECT AsREF pescRnON Ep sinc quate ovr RoOuEENG! We Pulpioee OF THe JOURNAL age accouns arey Mas nt ‘SePSg ceemessogns eet (ACCOUNT Wetter acccunt ‘THE PLACE WHERE WE 2 RECORD, SORT AND STORE Ayia anc arrecr ‘a RS ROS [ALL FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS THAT [AFFECT A RELATED GROUP OF ITEMS. oe CASH a * OWNER'S EQUITY. a INTIAL INVESTMENT 100 em | NTALINVESTNENT 100 ana Leeals raccoons ADASTNG pees GENERAL LEDGER AS VELL REPRESENTATIONS RISE ACTIONS ‘THE DATABASE THAT STORES Co ceo AITOMATE JONAS A COMPLETE RECORD OF ALL ACCOUNTS AND JOURNAL ENTRIES =| © 20g ang srt Ae nie Re pisces sine conn uncia at HOw A Sau TN OF Ye ALAS HEDNASRUTE RT CF SBMECMS MRE ce canner RICO one aeoces oaatrcnns when eowtans Nene COIR i \ 3 soracite conn Die Ore be mereacron cox, De Tanacrenss sxnuasato 0 een fuiet SoRO wa aad ener wo resto cny Sionecuea mee GENERAL LEDGER ‘AMASTER DATABASE TAT STORES A COMPA ETE RECORD Apaasast Tus vo A REED ANCASTER cen toes wos smubcats axe sass Ca BsS ed SORT THEY MAT RE RECONOLEO OH A RECALAR BASS a TRANSACTIONS AND REPORTING THEM NL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TO ITS ENSTING ANO PCTENTIAL LENDERS \ coon oeservces men ACCRUAL BASIS OF ACCOUNTING cor IS RECOGNSED AS ITS EARNED AND PENEES ARE RECORDED As THEY ARE NCURRRO i ‘ues ADJUSTING ENTRIES Neonat ness scrent PREPAYMENTS: ACCRUALS: a RE ASSES ORE | PAST PREENT FUTURE MWS URED TO C4 Tat, JOA. DEBTS « FORAL CREDITS ELLE assis i ; THE CLOSING BALANCES OF ALL (GENERAL LEDGER ACCOUNTS TRIAL BALANCE FOR THE PERIOD ENDED MM -DD-YWYY DEBIT 0, 0 TOTAL x x x x OO ei o x ESN i eee nS 2 EE os RSENS Sane ser RSE SESS theos (COUR FOALS wet ICH EBS CREDIT” x MxKX pefacrerexe x ROOBEL O anc sot eben eo IvESTOR LENGE AND CREDTIONS "* ECR msi dins* suite Sons INCOME starnaent Ws) FORTHEFEROD DED NORADO-TTYY m 7 ASAT eg eareATONS | RENDER comssan: ARE PROFS HELDFCR FUTURE Use our OVRHEADEOENSES WARREN Mees THERES WAU OF ers Acer eR OROUCTING A FS UMRTES é 1 sepRmeeDaTs Nae NT UNDE VESTED TNO A BURNS BF TONERS ‘STAI ‘ACA PROT 6 L055 STATOMENE (Pt) FOR THE PERIOD ENCED Ma 2O.WY hie Ges Wado cance 3 Dac FRACS ROUEN IG CGE SOD q isc aarp sans across 2 Oto - i es RORECTFom — RORECT Maude Fe, spveanec, SatAanes Gaaeascns Ralewece Steines Aer pre terns OST GF COCs SOLD Ceomecuricn ‘GROSS PROFTTMLOSS| a OVERHEAD EXPOEES ‘OPERATING PROFTALOES) OEE TAX PENSE caseAss or accounts REVEAL § RECOGNTED WHEN ‘ESisecam. omer. DIRECT METHOD *- \.< CASH FLOW STATEMENT - aac FORTIEPEROD EOD MssOO-NTYY Heoo ee" "CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES $ s a ve | CASH RECEIPTS FROM CUSTOMERS ” w CASH PAID TO SUPPLIERS @e) ESSA AEWASS «| CaSH BAD TO EMPLOYEES cH © ee INTEREST PAID 00 (0) ‘TAXES PAID 0 © NET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITES, x1). sum . ‘CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES C3 PURCHASE OF PLANT, PROPERTY & EQUIPMENT ti) oF) CUIREE GE alangts. “] CASH RECEPTS FROM SALE OF PPE x @) eae INET CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES x/00 SUM ‘CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES SRR aR Faet* | PROCEEDS FROM LONG-TERM BORROWINGS ML, — eR NET CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITES x00) sum [NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH 37) su SPERG CASAS A Maa DO-VrtY 4) — SER LONG wna —~ Rea eee ER INET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH 570 ovr cc sm pease 7 aaousee Bnet ern some a ere, PR ERNrRoIe Webelos FY () cme ompamumeg “308 ORS RS eASASHRLON STATO a conennsen vs ager NerAD : afpancia A Us user 1 oT § pore wilde = ‘CASH BLOWS AND OUTFLOWS OV APERODOF IME = ‘cca (BBE cans RED LE S REOGRTED HS oD ae INDIRECT METHOD - CASH FLOW STATEMENT out. em oR acouNta 1 PRE THE PEROD ENDED Mame 2O-YFTY Bb gu ve eas ‘CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES $$ NET PROFIT / (LOSS) x00) st ‘ADD BACK NON CASH EXPENSES DEPRECIATION x apes AMORTIZATION x sv2 ESERIES | (GAN / LOSS ON SALE OF NON-CURRENT ASSETS. (X/X ADJUST FOR MOVEMENT N WORKING CAPITAL ONCREASE) / DECREASE IN INVENTORY. Or ONCREASE) se INCREASE / (DECREASE) IN PAYABLES x10) NET CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITES XK) S04 ‘CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES PURCHASE OF PLANT, PROPERTY & EQUIPMENT ) CASH RECEPTS ROM SALE OF POE g sea OUISSE OF A By aa ee Bi INET CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITES 0/00) sue ‘CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES OREESIES FAI | PROCEEDS FROM LONG-TERM BORROWINGS x — IS NET CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITES 5108) sum [NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH 5A) sum OPENING CASH AS AT MIMM-DD-YYYY 5 SERIE Soames rst... | CLOSNG CASH AS AT MOMMM-DD-YYYY 10K) — quae aeD _NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH S710) or 2 = i i u WORKINGS “TWREE STEP PROCESS TO CALCULATE CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITES ‘UNDER THE RORECT METHOD, STEP) |RORECT WTHOD REGS WITH NET PROF / (OSS TROM THE NCOME STATEMENT ste? ACD BNC AL NOY CAB Des ad appease Yet Hor / OEE WT Nene SATBNT SRS on Teemmeson catn CUTS AND ReRD POSE sms ADAUST FOR MOVEMENT NA WORKNG CAPITAL ASST SERENA RSNET. osc CAPA. CUREMT ASSETS-CUENT LAUES ‘CREATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. pee ACCOUNTING REBORTS THAT sot 2 1 cs ioe iis ak eeu St Ee? ey aes rou a ‘ RED ALE calle tranan Salas TESA MEAG “CLOSING ENTRIES | JOURALAL ENTRES POSTED AT THE END CF AN ACCOUNTING PERIOD TO RESET = TEMPORARY ACCOUNTS TO ZERO F SUMMARIZE A BUSNESSS . ‘OVER A PERO OF TIME ©THE BALANCES ARE TRANSFERRED TO fA PERMANENT ACCOUNT... ‘CALLED RETADEED EARNINGS Pecos tauces new raat eae cope anet 2 1 Tigeeenine ree go ere sanateey ears OMNES wucreunea etcet Sees ibenes eno Ne nt Oe pottsin cgse wae: FRCS ean sents * ADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE FRAL BALANCE ACCOUNT. DEBIT CREDIT _DEBIT_CREDIT CASH x x ‘ACCRUED REVENUE x Tpeoaney TON i LONG WAY RCPS LO FOR FUTURE Uk aewprosesDecone snes — [+ HOWTO POST CLOSING ENTRIES sD 2 seieut ore puiein eicren aicn tpeceuey secs SPER Bos neon ‘Some bones ACCOUNTING METHODS THE BASIC RULES A BUSINESS FOLLOWS WHEN REPORTING IT'S REVENUES AND EXPENSES IN FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, PROS PROS VEASER TO DPLEMENT AND MARNTANY a PROETIS CAN BE ACCURATELY RECORDED + ‘+ BXPLEMY TRACKS CASH FLOWS eee (077 Rruncia. postmions can 8 TRACKED + (NA DETALED BALANCE SET GREAT FOR SMALE, CASHBASED BUSRESSES CASH BASIS | ACCRUAL BASIS “HARD TO ACCURATELY MEASURE PROFTT WAROER TO MALEMENT AND MARTAPS “TOO SvPLE FOR MORE COMPLEX BUSNESSES CASHFLOWS NEED TOE TRACKED SARATLY - THAT REQURE A DETALED BaL ANCE SHEET WHAT THIS MEANS FOR RECORDING A SALE... PERIOD! PERIOD 2 PERIOD 3 CASH BASIS REVENUE RECOGNIZED x EXPENSE RECORDED &) 2) BRIS: —$X_ror ACCRUAL BASIS : REVENUE RECOGNIZED eee X oT EXPENSE RECORDED a (xX) t REVENUE RECOGNITION PRINCIPLE __ REVENUE 5 RECOGNIZED AS ITS EARNED - NOT WHEN CASH IS RECEIVED. & : & Ro * MATCHING PRINCIPLE REVENUE AND ALL RELATED EXPENSES ARE RECOGNIZED IN THE SAME ACCOUNTING PERIOD =| Omposcrounmc sur MANAGED BY DE BAN STEP MANAGED BY THE BUSES, - GET CODES OF Bank STATEMENT AND CASH BOOK . + east § wees coureness suullPonu posal BANK RECONCILIATION ‘ ASAT neaDOTYY é BANK STATEMENT $ CASH BOOK $ UNADJUSTED CLOSING BALANCE XX) UNADJUSTED CLOSING BALANCE XA) ‘OMSSIONS Xx ADD MISSING RECEIPTS x at) a é ADO | kereah aoe B “ADD/DEDUCT BANK ERRORS. x08) | ABOTOSDUCT CASH BOOK ERRORS. ¥/X) ADJUSTED CLOSING BALANCE 70) ADJUSTED CLOSING BALANCE 70 UNRECONCILED AMOUNT XX) ~ - re DTH RD a Non ne Sui RS URE on ERIE CREAN sata RS es ace bn STE 4 ‘CALCULATE ADALSTED BARK STATEMENT BALANCE 3 nosacrers wy eae st sista -+ CAS ORELR 1M bar state Ls URE) ASSES SRT ERE . NOB ES eee ea Oe (CALCULATE ADJUSTED CASH BOOK BALANCE _ ya ER BED BC ; ae FEZRIANERERAS Peri a, opoRD nT Banc atbeNT Tut OUST PDS 3 Ha ERUT ver cia ecaece ne Cane Cece Tat Were Tomas ATH 7 THEY DONT THEN ant sane ¢ be iy aot SERB os on SSE Se an he are =| lean me Ceo ee THE GOODS HELD BY A BUSINESS YOULEQUTY TOTAL LABKITES AND EQUTY a THAT IT INTENDS TO SELL MANUEECTURING BUSNESS BUY Ano RESELL _ RE eas nomcev cnc TABI NIbOs ee TO tae ere MAKE AsO SELL ~ PRATER, BUY SELL INVENTORY INVENTORY. Mi qe SUPPLIER —_ EE MERCHANDISING - customer E1-RECORD PURCHASE Soe Estes 2£2; RECOGNIE REVENUE DR IVENTORY x DR CASH en, CRASH x CRREVENE x ; ( JE3- RELEASE COST OF GOODS SOLD ‘eumuwonme oo PRAERPSERENS swat Woneacron POST TO ACCOUNTS IN GENERAL LEDGER cas INVENTORY, ou ¥ % max x x x ‘raccoon muuczver Ami en IER TR Ss AORN EEE o-----._ SUMMARIZE IN FINANCIAL STATEMENTS BALANCE SHEET INCOME STATEMENT ASSETS $ LIABILITIES AND EQUITY s ‘cupaenr assers spares Reounrsreceuasne Sow CUnaeht Dasasres i RVENTORY +e TOTAL UABUTES a NONCURRENT ASSETS _i muss Bra. i a = eA peRcoC NERY CHC pees eemmTceY SboTOS 1 OF GOONS RALANLEFOR SKE Sir COST OF GCN SLD INVENTORY SYSTEMS PERIODIC UPDATES INVENTORY ACCOUNT AT REGULAR INTERVALS. sve Last PeRCDs BRMEFRCD GEESE OREN a 3 LUPOATE CIDSNG IwENTORY |AND CALCULATE COST OF GO00S SOLD Kees RRS ses, Seb Gi RasvoRe THE PROBLEM WHEN INVENTORY COST PRICES ARE CHANGING HOW MUCH COST SHOULD FLOW TO COST OF GOODS SOLD |AND HOW MUCH SHOULD BE RETAINED IN CLOSNG INVENTORY? i Tia a op Rowtecae Aer Y saab THE SOLUTION “COST FLOW ASSUMPTIONS FIFO IFO. = ACO FIRST IN FIRST OUT LAST IN FIRST OUT naw a CoET HOW TABLE boi RIB Ma RET SRS EERIE step2 atte WHA OUKNOW srep3 smp3 sepa raced ne aious af Lene aurus Lene danas "1 - ‘STEP 4 = cece cost oe mn CALCULATE COST OF GOODS SOLD “ coo BE RE EB Rovio CALC ATE CO RVEVIORY GACULATON - 3 ai Copeeaywecoee y so COBH ARERR ERE MD COROT eRe : agi ees ef oem anyancronsat SHIRA Come HER, Ok ° ane gut WAAR UEC ‘000 CALCULATING DEPRECIATION sm ‘WRITE DON WHAT YOURNOW seo SE PRES ae , ACERS LEN eeeneae u ODE RIES! Sh HERES taser cee DEPRECIATION \ ‘THE PROCESS OF REDUCING THE BOOK VAIUE OF A TANGALE FRED ASSET conaen asset [DUE TO USE WEAR AND TEAR. THE ARGS OF Te, OR GRECLESCENCE | Asser oxscrnion cescaeron OggAIN ogee a Semecarennemon | s.ceesro uae a ae a Feu ALE a beste : USB ULLFE aes ——— Poeun aire suo neove saro@Nt wwe DEPRECIATION SCHEDULE ACCUMULATED, DEPRECIATION (8) S@2~) 20K2 sey 20%N ‘APMED COST DEPRECIATION METHOD WHERE THE ‘AN ACCELERATED VAREABLE COST DEPRECIATION METHOD EXPENSES SPREADEVEMY OVERTIS USEFULL "WHERE THE EXPENSE [S HGHER IN EARLY YEARS SUM OF THE YEAR'S DIGITS (SYD) * “* UNITS OF PRODUCTION AN ACCELEUNED OnuMeLE CO DERE METICO Aamasus Ont ReMee MN SE oD WEE TIE SWiRHE ME OPOEE CHER EAR YEARE ‘POSES MO ACTUAL PSEAL USEF AST DSETREEAION yo neFRECLATON RATE x UCPRECABLE COST RRECADON pepaecuamen Fem UNT x UNTS PRODUCED Ran SU ST Met ‘yo USULLEE x ures

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