LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(UGC - Autonomous)
Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to OU,
Accredited by NBA and NAAC with A Grade

APTITUDE AND REASONING SKILLS LAB

Course Code : U21MB5L1
III B.E – V Semester
Academic Year: 2023-2024
 LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGG. & TECH.
(Approved by AICTE and Affiliated to Osmania University- Hyderabad.)
Accredited ‘A’ Grade by NAAC, Accredited by NBA
Survey No. 32, Near police Academy, Appa Junction,
Himayath Sagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500091.
Contact No: +91-6309012442/43/45/46, Website: www.lords.ac.in

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this is a bonafide record work in

………………………………………………………………………………….. Laboratory by

Mr./Ms. …………………………………………………….……………………. bearing

H.T. No. …………………… during the V/VI/VII Semester of B.E./M.E./MBA

………….. year for the academic year 20…… to 20…….

_____________________________ ____________________________
Signature of the Head of Department Signature of Teacher In-Charge

Submitted for the University Practical Examination held on ……………………………

Examiners

Date: …………………………………. Internal: ……………………………………………….

External: ……………………………………………….
VISION

Strives continuously for excellence in professional education through quality,

innovation and teamwork and to emerge as a premier institute in the state and
across the nation.

MISSION

 To impart quality professional education that meets the needs of present

and emerging technological world.

 To strive for student achievement and success, preparing them for life,

career and leadership.

 To provide a scholarly and vibrant learning environment that enables

faculty, staff and students to achieve personal and professional growth.

 To contribute to advancement of knowledge, in both fundamental and

applied areas of engineering and technology.

 To forge mutually beneficial relationships with government

organizations, industries, society and the alumni.

QUALITY POLICY

Imparts quality education by practicing a system of quality assurance that

enables continued improvement in the teaching-learning process and
enhances student’s skills and talents.
PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (PO’s)

 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research
methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the
information to provide valid conclusions.
 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with
an understanding of the limitations.
 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
 Societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to
the professional engineering practice.
 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for
sustainable development.
 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in
diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.
 Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
 Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

 PSO1: Design and Develop computer-based systems across various domains related to
Algorithms, Software Development, Networking, Security, Block chain, Golang, Gaming, Full
Stack Development, DevOps, IoT with Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Machine
Learning, Data Science and Cyber Security.
 PSO2: Apply technical and research-based skills learnt through professional society activities,
internships and projects to provide solutions to real world problems in environment and society.
 APTITUDE AND REASONING SKILLS LAB

Course Code Year & Sem L T P C CIE SEE

U21MB5L1 3rd & V - - 2 1 25 50

List of Experiments
Week Title/Experiment
1 Averages: Basic concepts, combined mean, average principles, wrong values taken, number added or deleted,
average speed.
2 Percentages - Basic Concepts, conversions, finding percentages from given numbers, quantity increases or
decreases by given percentage, population increase by given
Percentage, comparisons, consumption when a commodity price increase or decrease and applications.
3 Data Interpretation - Introduction to Data Interpretation, quantitative and qualitative data, Tabular Data, Line
Graphs, Bar Chart, Pie Charts, X-Y Charts.
4 Number Series, Letter Series, Series completion and correction, Coding and Decoding. Word analogy- Applied
analogy, Classifications, verbal classification.
5 Reasoning Logical Diagrams - Simple diagrammatic relationship, Multi diagrammatic relationship,
Venn-diagrams, Analytical reasoning.
Reasoning Ability - Blood Relations, Seating arrangements, Directions, Decision making.
6 Number Systems: Basic Concepts, Number Systems: Natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, fractions,
Rational Numbers, Irrational Numbers, Real Numbers, Divisibility Rules, Logic Equations, Remainder theorem,
Unit digit calculation.
Progressions & Inequalities: Basic Concepts, Types: arithmetic, geometric, harmonic progression and
applications.
7 Profit and Loss: Basic Concepts, discounts, marked price and list price, dishonest shopkeeper with manipulated
weights, successive discounts etc.
Interest (Simple and Compound): Basic Concepts, Yearly, Half-yearly, and quarterly calculations, multiples,
differences between simple and compound interest.
Ratio and Proportion: Basic Concepts of ratio and proportion, continued or equal proportions, mean
proportions, invest proportion, alternative proportion, division
proportion, compound proportion, duplication of ratio, finding values, coins and currencies, etc.
8 Speed, Time and Distance: Basic Concepts, Single train problems, two train problems: some point same side,
some point opposite sides, relative speed, different points meeting at
common points, different points same side (different timings vs. same timings), ratios, number of stoppages, average
speed, etc.
9 Time and Work: Basic Concepts, comparative work, mixed work, alternative work, middle leave and
middle join, ratio efficiency.
10 Permutations and combinations: Basic Concepts, differences between permutations and combinations, always
together-never together, alternative arrangement, fixed positions, double fixations, items drawing from a single
group, items drawing from a multiple group,
total ways of arrangement with repetitions and without repetitions, dictionary, handshakes or line joining between
two points or number of matches , sides and diagonals, etc.
11 Clocks and Calendars: Basic Concepts, Angle between minute hand and hour hand, reflex angle, hours hand
angle, time gap between minute hand and hour hand, relative time: coincide, opposite sides and right angle,
mirror images, faulty clock (slow/fast), Miscellaneous, calendar.
12 Geometry and Mensuration: Basic concepts, types of angles.
Plane figures: rectangles, squares, triangles, quadrilateral, areas, perimeters, etc.
Solid figures: cubes, cuboids, cylinders-area (total surface area and lateral surface area), volumes, perimeters.
Others: Parallelogram, Rhombus, Trapezium, Circle, Sector, Segment, Cone, Sphere, Hemisphere, etc.
References
Aptitude and Reasoning Thinking skills Lab Manual, LIET, Hyd.
I. COURSE OUTCOMES (CO)

After the completion of course, the students will be able to BT Level

Acquire the grasp of Data analysis and its interpretation through percentages and
C56.1
measures of central tendency. BTL3
C56.2 Calculate the problems pertaining to number series and reasoning ability. BTL2
C56.3 Analyze the number system pattern and determine profit and losses BTL3
C56.4 Evaluate proportions and tackle time framework situations BTL3
Understand and apply combinatorics, clock-calendar concepts and geometry of
C56.5
plane and solid figures. BTL2

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) CO-PO Mapping

CO-PO Mapping
CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
C56.1 2 3 3 3 2
C56.2 2 3 3 3 2
C56.3 2 3 3 3 2
C56.4 2 3 3 3 2
C56.5 2 3 3 3 2
C56 2 3 3 3 2

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

PO1: Engineering knowledge
PO2: Problem analysis
PO3: Design/development of solutions
PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems
PO5: Modern tool usage
PO6: The engineer and society
PO7: Environment and sustainability
PO8: Ethics
PO9: Individual and teamwork
PO10: Communication
PO11: Project management and finance
PO12: Life-long learning
 INDEX
Experiment No of Lab Mode of
No. Name of the Experiment sessions Text Books Assessment
Viva
1 Averages 1 T1 &
Practice
Viva
2 Percentages 1 T1 &
Practice
Viva
3 Data Interpretation 1 T1 &
Practice
Viva
4 Number series, Word Analogy 1 T1 &
Practice
Viva
Reasoning logical diagram &
5 1 T1
and Reasoning ability
Practice
Viva
Number system ,Progressions &
6 and Inequalities 1 T1
Practice
Viva
Profit and loss, Simple Interest&
7 Compound Interest, Ratios Variations 1 T1 &
and Proportions
Practice
Viva
Speed, Time & Distance
8 1 T1 &
Time & Work Practice
Viva
9 Probabilities 1 T1 &
Practice
Viva
10 Permutations and Combinations 1 T1 &
Practice
Viva
11 Clocks and Calendars 1 T1 &
Practice
Viva
12 Geometry and Mensuration 1 T1 &
Practice
 WEEK-1

Date:______________

Averages

AIM: Perform all the Averages of the given raw data.

THEORY: We explain the concepts of three different formulas of Average

FORMULAE

Average =

Average of consecutive numbers =

where is the first term
is the last term

where P is random observation

th
Q is i observation
i
n is total number of observations
 Practice Questions
1) The average of 5 consecutive numbers is n. What will be the average if the next two
numbers are included?
A) n+4 B)n+1 C) n+2 D) n+3
2) The average weight of 3 dogs is 12 pounds. The original weight of one of the dog is x pounds,
after increasing its weight by 15 percent, the average weight of 3 dogs becomes 13 pounds. Then
find X
A) 25 B)24 C) 23 D) 20
3) The average marks of the students in class A and class B are 25 and 40 respectively and the
average marks of both the classes combined is 30. Number of students in class A & Number of
students in class B is given in ratio as
A) 2 : 5 B)2 : 1 C) 1 : 2 D) 3 : 1 E) 1: 3
4) The average of 10 numbers is calculated as 15. It is discovered later on that while calculating the
average, one of the number, namely, 36 was wrongly read as 26.
A) 15.6 B)16.5 C) 15 D) 16
5) A library has an average of 510 visitors on Sundays and 240 on other days. The average number
of visitors per day in a month of 30 days beginning with a Sunday is:
A) 250 B)276 C)280 D)285
6) The average age of boys in a class is 16.44 years while that of girls is 15.44 years. What is the
ratio of boys to girls in the class, when the combined average age of the boys and girls is 15.84?
A) 1:3 (B) 1:2 (C)3:5 (D)2:3 (E)3:4
7) After 5 games, a rugby team had an average of 28 points per game. In order to increase the
average by n points, how many points must be scored in a 6th game?
A) n (B) 6n (C)28n (D)28+n (E)28+6n
8) A merchant paid $300 for a shipment of x identical calculators. The merchant used 2 of the
calculators as demonstrators and sold each of the others for $5 more than the average (arithmetic
mean) cost of the x calculators. If the total revenue from the sale of the calculators was $120 more
than the cost of the shipment, how many calculators were in the shipment?
A) 24 (B)25 (C)26 (D)28 (E)30
9) The average marks of 13 papers is 40. The average marks of the first 7 papers are 42 and that of the
last seven papers is 35. Find the marks obtained in the 7th paper.
A) 23 B) 38 C) 19 D) 57
10) The average salary of 30 officers in a firm is Rs.120 and the average salary of laborers is Rs.40. Find
the total number of laborers if the average salary of the firm is Rs. 50.
A) Rs. 180 B) Rs. 420 C) Rs. 240 D) Rs. 210

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS - SELECT MORE ANSWER CHOICE

11) The average number of students in four economics classes at a certain college X is 24 and if each
class having at least 18 students and no two classes have same number of students, then which
of the following could be the number of students in any of the 2 classes?
A) 36 (B)40 (C)56 (D)60 (E) 64
12) In an algebra test, the least score of the test is 20 and the maximum score is 80. If average score of
three students is 60 and difference between the scores of the other two students is 20, then which of
the following could be the average score of five students?
A) 40 (B)64 (C)68 (D)60 (E)48

NUMERIC ENTRY
13) Average weight of 29 students in a class is 48 pounds. If the weight of the teacher is included
the average weight of the class reduced by 0.5 pounds .Weight of the teacher
14) In a class, the average marks of 40 students was calculated to be 52.15. It was later discovered
that the marks of a student were taken to be 49, instead of 85. Find the real average of the class.
VIVA VOICE:

1) Find the average of numbers 87, 84, 86, 90, 82, 88, 78.

Sol:

2) The average of 5 terms is 50. If the first 4 terms are 45, 42, 119, and 84, what will be the last term?

Sol:

3) In a class, the average marks of 40 students was calculated to be 52.15. It was later discovered that
the marks of a student were taken to be 49, instead of 85. Find the real average of the class.

Sol:
 WEEK-2

PERCENTAGES

Date:

AIM: Perform all the percentage of the given raw data.

THEORY: We explain the concepts of Percentages

Formulae:

 Finding the percentage is

∗ %

 If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then the reduction in

consumption so as not to increase the expenditure is:

∗ %

 If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, then the increase in

consumption so as not to decrease the expenditure is ∗ %

 If A is x% more than that of B, then B is less than that of A by

∗ %

 If A is x% less than that of B, then B is more than that of A by

∗ %

 If A is x% of C and B is y% of C, then: A = (x/y) * 100% of B

 If two numbers are respectively x% and y% more than the third number,
then the first number is[(100+x)/(100+y)* 100]% of the second
and the second is [(100+y)/(100+x)* 100]%of the first.
 Practice Questions

I. Multiple Choice Questions :

(1) a) 20 % of 600 is x less than 15% of 60x then x equals to ---------
b) 33 1/3 % of 20% of 840 is same as x% of 42 + 14% of x then x equals to--------
(2) In a Zoo 50 percent of monkeys are lean and 40 percent of monkeys are Black and 40 percent of
monkeys are white and fat. If 90 monkeys are Black and fat then how many number of
monkeys are white?
(A)540 (B)20 (C)560 (D)630
(3) In company X, 30 percent of the employees live over ten miles from work and 60 percent of the
employee who live over 10 miles from work are in carpools. If 40 percent to 60 percent of the
employees of companyX are in Carpools, what percent of the employees of company X live 10
miles or less from work are in Carpools?
A)12 B)22 C)28 D)42 (E)52
(4) An Army lost 20 percent of its men in war, 20 percent died due to disease and 20 percent or 40
percent were disabled. Thus the strength of the Army reduced to 960 active men. What was the
original strength of the Army?
A) 1500 B) 2400 (C) 3600 (D) 4200 (E) 4800
(5) To obtain an FHA mortgage for $50,000 or more, the home buyer must have a down payment
equal to 4 percent of the first $25,000 of the mortgage amount and 5 percent of the portion in
excess of $25,000. At settlement the buyer pay a mortgage insurance premium equal to 3 percent
of the mortgage amount. What is the maximum FHA mortgage, if any buyer can obtain if the
buyer has only $6150 available for the down payment and insurance premium?
A) $72,000 (B) $75,000 (C) $80,000 (D) $85,000 (E) $ 88,000
(6) One-fifth of the light switches produced by a certain factory are defective. Four-fifths of the
defective switches are rejected 1/20 of the non-defective switches are rejected by: mistake. If
all the switches not rejected are sold, what percent of the switches sold by the factory
are defective?
A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6.25 (D) 11 (E) 16
(7) During the year 1990, a factory successively its output increases by twice the same percent of x.
In the beginning, the factory produces 600 articles per month, after increasing its output
becomes726. Then x equals to
A)10 B)11 C)12 D)15
(8) Two years ago, a rabbit breeder had 75 rabbits. Since then 500 rabbits have been born,
220 have died and 185 have been sold. How many rabbits does the breeder have now
expressed as a percentage of the number she had two years ago (approximately)?
(A) 21% B) 44% (C) 133% (D) 200% (E) 227%

II. Numeric Answer Questions:

(9) In a factory, 40% of the employees are technician, and remaining Non-technicians.
60% of the technicians and 40% of Non- technicians are permanent. If x percentage of
total employees are temporary?
(10) A bike factory has a number of bikes of which 25% are black. It sold 2/3 of all the bikes
Which also includes 80% of all black bikes. What percent of all the unsold bikes are
black?
VIVA VOICE:

1) A batsman scored 110 runs which included 3 boundaries and 8 sixes. What percent of his
total score did he make by running between the wickets?

Sol:

2) If A = x% of y and B = y% of x, then which of the following is true?

Sol:

3) The population of a town increased from 1,75,000 to 2,62,500 in a decade.

Sol:

4) The average percent increase of population per year is:

Sol:

5) If 20% of a = b, then b% of 20 is the same as:

Sol:
 WEEK-3

DATA INTERPRETATION

Date:__________

AIM: Perform the different types of Graphs of given raw data .

THEORY: We explain the concepts of different types of graphs like Bar Graph, Pie Graph, Line
graph etc.,

Formulae:

Average =

Average of consecutive numbers =

where is the first term
is the last term

Find the percentage is x% ∗ %

1. What is the average amount of interest per year which the company had to pay during
this period?
a) Rs. 32.43 lakhs b) Rs. 33.72 lakhs
c) Rs. 34.18 lakhs d) Rs. 36.66 lakhs

2. The total amount of bonus paid by the company during the given period is
approximately what percent of the total amount of salary paid during this period?
a) 0.1% b) 0.5% c) 1% d) 1.25%

3. Total expenditure on all these items in 1998 was approximately what percent of the total
expenditure in 2002?
a) 62% b) 66% c) 69% d) 71%

4. The total expenditure of the company over these items during the year 2000 is?
a) Rs. 544.44 lakhs b) Rs. 501.11 lakhs
c) Rs. 446.46 lakhs d) Rs. 478.87 lakhs

5. The ratio between the total expenditure on Taxes for all the years and the total
expenditure on Fuel and Transport for all the years respectively is approximately?
a) 4:7 b) 10:13 c) 15:18 d) 5:8
1. What is the ratio of the total sales of branch B2 for both years to the total sales of
branch B4 for both years?
a. 2:3 b) 3:5 c) 4:5 d) 7:9

2. Total sales of branch B6 for both the years is what percent of the total sales of branches
B3 for both the years?
a. 68.54% b) 71.11% c) 73.17% d) 75.55%

3. What percent of the average sales of branches B1, B2 and B3 in 2001 is the average
sales of Branches B1, B3 and B6 in 2000?
a. 75% b. 77.5% c. 82.5% d. 87.5%

4. What is the average sales of all the branches (in thousand numbers) for the year 2000?
a. 73 b. 80 c. 83 d. 88

5. Total sales of branches B1, B3 and B5 together for both the years (in thousand
numbers) is?
a. 250 b. 310 c. 435 d. 560
1. If for a certain quantity of books, the publisher has to pay Rs. 30,600 as printing cost, then
what will be amount of royalty to be paid for these books?
a. Rs. 19,450 b. Rs. 21,20 c. Rs. 22,950 d. Rs. 26,150

2. What is the central angle of the sector corresponding to the expenditure incurred on
Royalty?
a. 15° b. 24° c. 54° d. 48°

3. The price of the book is marked 20% above the C.P. If the marked price of the book is Rs.
180, then what is the cost of the paper used in a single copy of the book?
a. Rs. 36 b. Rs. 37.50 c. Rs. 42 d. Rs. 44.25

4. If 5500 copies are published and the transportation cost on them amounts to Rs. 82500, then
what should be the selling price of the book so that the publisher can earn a profit of 25%?
a. Rs. 187.50 b. Rs. 191.50 c. Rs. 175 d. Rs. 180

5. Royalty on the book is less than the printing cost by:

a. 5% b. 33 (1/5)% c. 20% d. 25%
1. If the imports in 1998 was Rs. 250 crores and the total exports in the years 1998 and 1999
together was Rs. 500 crores, then the imports in 1999 was?
a. Rs. 250 crores b. Rs. 300 crores c. Rs. 357 crores d. Rs. 420 crores

2. The imports were minimum proportionate to the exports of the company in the year?
a. 1995 b. 1996 c. 1997 d. 2000

3. What was the percentage increase in imports from 1997 to 1998?

a. 72 b. 56 c. 28 d. Data inadequate

4. If the imports of the company in 1996 was Rs. 272 crores, the exports from the company
in 1996 was ?
a. Rs. 370 cr b. Rs. 320 cr c. Rs. 280 cr d. Rs. 275 cr

5. In how many of the given years were the exports more than the imports?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
 WEEK-4
Date:______________
NUMBER SERIES

AIM: Explain the different types of Number series and letter series formats

THEORY:

1) Based on Addition/Subtraction/Division/Multiplication
2) Based on Squares /Cubes
3) Based on Prime numbers /Squares /Cubes
4) Based on Percentage /Decimals
5) Based on Mixed/Half patterns
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1).Look at this series: 664, 332, 340, 170,…., 89, What number should fill the blank?

A. 85 B. 97 C. 109 D. 178

2). DEF, DEF2, DE2F2, , D2E2F3

A. DEF3 B. D3EF3 C. D2E3F D. D2E2F2

3) Which term of the series 5, 8, 11, 14, ….. is 320?

A. 104th B. 105th C. 106th D. 64th

4) 325, 259, 202, 160, 127, 105, 94

A. 94 B. 127 C. 202 D. 259

5) _ A _ B _ ABAA _ BAB _ ABB

A. AAABB B. ABABB C. BABAB D. BABBA

6) In a certain code 'LIMCA' is written as 'HJLDZ'. Which of the following words iswritten as
'IFWJBP'?

A. MEXICO B. MERCURY C. JAPAN D. MIDNIGHT E. HONDUS

7) In a certain code language if the word ‘MUSEUM’ is coded as ‘LSPAPG’, then how will the word
‘PALACE’ be coded in that language?

A. OYIWXY B. OYIXYW C. IYXYWO D. YXWYOI

8) If DELHI is coded as 73541 and CALCUTTA as 82589662, how can CALICUT becoded?

A. 5279431 B. 5978213 C. 8251896 D. 8543691

VIVA VOICE:

1. 2 3 10 40 172 885 5346 what is the wrong number?

2. WXCD, UVEF, STGH, QRIJ, ?

1. OPKL 2. AYBZ 3. JIRQ 4. LRMS

3. Direction 4. In this question five words are given. Which of them will come in the
middle if all of them are arranged alphabetically as in a dictionary?
A.. Butterfly B)Butler C)Butcher D)Button E)Butter

4. If D is coded as 4 and C O V E R is coded as 63, then BASIS will be coded as?

 WEEK-5

Reasoning Ability and Logical Diagrams

Date:

AIM: Evaluates a situation in a logical manner to come to a conclusion based on parameters like
experience, critical thinking abilities and emotions.

THEORY: The main aim of this section is to test your ability about the relation between some items of a
group by diagrams. In these questions some figures of circles and some words are given. You have to
choose a figure which represents the given words. Some critical examples are given below:

VIVA VOICE:
LOGICAL DIAGRAMS:
Example 1:
If all the words are of different groups, then they
will be shown by the diagram as given beside.
Dog, Cow, Horse
Example 2:
If the first word is related to second word and
second word is related to third word. Then
they will be shown by diagram as given
beside.
Unit, Tens, Hundreds
Example 3:
If two different items are completely related
to third item, they will be shown as below.
Pen, Pencil, Stationery

PUZZLES :
BLOOD RELATIONS:

If A + B means A is the mother of B; A x B means A is the father of B; A $ B means A is the brother of

B and A @ B means A is the sister of B then which of the following means P is the son of Q?
(A) Q + R @ P @ N (B) Q + R * P @ N (C) Q x R $ P @ N (D) Q x R $ P $ N

DIRECTION
 There are four main directions –
East, West, North and South as shown beside:
 There are four cardinal directions –
North-East (N-E), North-West (N-W), South-
East (S-E), and South-West (S-W) as shown.
 At the time of sunrise if a man stands facing the east, his shadow
will be towards west. At the time of sunset the shadow of an object
is always in the east.
 If a man stands facing the North, at the time of sunrise his shadow will be towards his
left and at the time of sunset it will be towards his right.
 At 12:00 noon, the rays of the sun are vertically downward hence there will be no shadow.
Problem: Siva starting from his house, goes 5 km in the East, then he turns to his left and
goes 4 km. Finally he turns to his left and goes 5 km. Now how far is he from his house and
in what direction?
Sol:

SEATING ARRANGEMENT

6 Boys are sitting in a circle and facing towards the centre of the circle.
Rajeev is sitting to the right of mohan but he is not just at the left of Vijay.
Suresh is between Babu and Vijay.
Ajay is sitting to the left of Vijay.
Who is sitting to the left of Mohan ?
Sol:
 Practice Questions
Q) Pointing to a photograph Lata says, "He is the son of the only son of my grandfather." How
is the man in the photograph related to Lata?
A. Brother B. Uncle C. Cousin D. Data is inadequate
Q) If A + B means A is the brother of B; A x B means A is the son of B; and A % B means B is the
daughter of A then which of the following means M is the maternal uncle of N?
A. M + O x N B. M % O x N + P C. M + O % N D. None of these
Q) If A + B means A is the father of B; A - B means A is the brother B; A % B means A is the
wife of B and A x B means A is the mother of B, which of the following shows that M is the
maternal grandmother of T? 29
A. M x N % S + T B. M xN- S%T C. M x S - N % T D. M x N x S % T
Q) Veena who is the sister-in-law of Ashok, is the daughter-in-law of Kalyani. Dheeraj isthe father
of Sudeep who is the only brother of Ashok. HowKalyani is related to Ashok?
A. Mother-in-law B. Aunt C. Wife D. None of these
Q) Which of the following diagrams indicates the best relation between Page, Chapter and Book
A. B. C. D.
Q) Which of the following diagrams indicates the best relation between Women, Mothers and
Engineers?
A. B. C. D.
Q) Pointing to Gopi, Nalni says, "I am the daughter of the only son of his grandfather."
HowNalni is related to Gopi?
A. Niece B. Daughter C. Sister D. Cannot be determined
Q) Rahul put his timepiece on the table in such a way that at 6 P.M. hour hand points to North.
In which direction the minute hand will point at 9.15 P.M. ?
A. South-East B. South C. North D. West
Q) One evening before sunset Rekha and Hema were talking to each other face to face. If
Hema's shadow was exactly to the right of Hema, which direction was Rekha facing?
A. North B. South C. East D. Data is inadequate
Q) Village Q is to the North of the village P. The village R is in the East of Village Q. The
village S is to the left of the village P. In which direction is the village S with respect to
village R?
A. West B. South-West C. South D. North-West

Six friends are sitting in a circle and are facing the centre of the circle. Deepa is
between Prakash and Pankaj. Priti is between Mukesh and Lalit. Prakash and Mukesh are
opposite to each other.

1. Who is sitting right to Prakash ?

A. Mukesh B. Deepa C. Pankaj D. Lalit
2. Who is just right to Pankaj ?
A. Deepa B. Lalit C. Prakash D. Priti
 WEEK-6

NUMBER SYSTEMS, PROGRESSIONS AND INEQUALITIES

Date:

AIM: Perform the concepts of Numbers systems, Divisibility rules, Remainder

theorem, Prime factor method for the given raw data .

THEORY:
Natural Numbers: The numbers 1,2,3,4. ................. are called natural numbers or positive
integers.
Whole Numbers: The numbers 0,1,2,3.....................are called whole numbers.
Whole numbers include “0”.
Integers: The numbers ……... -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,……are called integers.
Negative Integers: The numbers -1, -2, -3,.................. are called negative integers.
Positive Fractions: The numbers(2/3) ,(4/5) ,(7/8) .............. are called positive fractions.
Negative Fractions: The numbers -(6/8) ,-(7/19) , -(12/17)……are called negative fractions.
These are certain basic formulas pertaining to factors of a number N, such that,
N= pa * qb * rc Where, p, q and r are prime factors of the number n
a, b and c arenon-negative powers/ exponents
Total number of Factors of N = (a+1)(b+1)(c+1).
Number of Prime factors = number of different bases
DIVISIBILITY RULES:
%7 :- Sub 2 * Last digit from Truncated Number
% 11 :- Sub 1 * Last digit from Truncated Number
% 13 :- Add 4 * Last digit To Truncated Number
% 17 :- Sub 5 * Last digit from Truncated Number
% 19 :- Add 2 * Last digit To Truncated Number
VIVA VOICE:

Q. ??/√64 = 150
Sol :

Q. What is the unit digit in {(6374)1793 x (625)317 x (341491)}? Sol:

Q. Which one of the following numbers is exactly divisible by 11?

A) 235641 B)245642 C)315624 D) 415624
Sol:

Q. If 6, 24, 96 are in G. P. then insert two more numbers in this progression so that it again
forms a G. P.
A) 12 and 48 B) 16 and 48 C) 12 and 40 D) 20 and 32
Sol :

Q. Solve the inequality 1/x+3≤11

A. (-∞ -3) [-32/11, ∞) B. (-3, -32/11) C. (-3, 8) D. (-15, 0)

Sol :
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Q. If 7431xy is divisible by 15, then which of the following could be the value of' xy ?
(A) 0 (B) 12 (C) 15 (D)36 (E) 45

Q. The number of factors in the product (6)10 x (17)17 x (11)27 is

A. 48 B) 64 C) 80 D) 1 9 2 E) 85

Q. If m is an odd integer and r is an even integer, which of the following is an even integer?
A. m+r B) mr+m C) mr –r D) m2 – r E) r2 – m

Q. How many times should the keys of a type writer be pressed in order to write
first 400 counting numbers? Ans : ……………………. .

Q. The six digit number 7500A8 is divisible by 4. How many values of A are possible?
A. 0 B) 3 C) 5 D) 4

Q. In a class, every student shakes hand with every other student. If, the total number of
students is 40. Find the total number of handshakes that took place in the class.?
Ans : ………………

Q. Find the smallest 8-digit number which is a multiple of 9.

Ans : ………………..

Q. Simplify the expression using BODMAS rule (105 + 206) - 550 ÷ 5 + 10

A. 399 B. 211 C. 298 D. 299

Q. If S and t are positive integers such that S/T = 64.12, which of the following
could be the remainder when S is divided by t ?
A. 2 B) 4 C) 8 D) 20 E) 45

Q. What is the 8th term of the sequence 1, 1/8, 1/27 …?

A. 1/81 B) 1/512 C)1/256 D)1/244
 WEEK-7

PROFIT AND LOSS, SIMPLE INTEREST& COMPOUND INTEREST

Date:

AIM: Explain the concepts of Profit and loss, Simple Interest and Compound Interest given raw data .

THEORY: Profit and Loss

1. Gain=(S.P)-(C.P) 6. C.P= ͳͲͲ XS.P

ሺͳͲͲ൅‫݊݅ܽܩ‬Ψ

2. Loss=(C.P)-(S.P)
ሺͳͲͲെ‫ݏݏ݋ܮ‬Ψ 
7.S.P= ܺ‫ܥ‬Ǥܲ
ͳͲͲ
‫ͲͲͳܺ݊݅ܽܩ‬
3. Gain%= ሺ ሻ
‫ܥ‬Ǥܲ

‫ͲͲͳܺݏݏ݋ܮ‬ ͳͲͲ
4. Loss%= ሺ ሻ 8.C.P= ܺ‫ܥ‬Ǥܲ
‫ܥ‬Ǥܲ ሺͳͲͲെ݈‫ݏ݋‬Ψሻ

ሺͳͲͲ൅‫݊݅ܽܩ‬Ψ
5. S.P= ܺ‫ܥ‬Ǥܲ
ͳͲͲ


Wrong Weight: When a trader professes to sell at the cost price, but uses a false weight,
then the percentage profit earned = 100×Error/True Weight-Error

Successive Discounts: When a tradesman offers more than one discount to the
customer, then sometimes you are required to calculate the single discount using the
concepts of percentages.

Single discount, which is equal to two successive discounts of m % and n

% =M + N + MN/100 ֜ (-20) + (-10) + (-20)(-10)/100 ֜-20 – 10 + 2 = - 28. Hence the
single equivalent discount is 28%.

34
 Simple and Compound Interest
Let Principal = P, Rate = R% per annum, Time = n years.

1) When interest is compound Annually:

R n
Amount = P 1 +
100
2) When interest is compounded Half-yearly:
(R/2) 2n
Amount = P 1 +
100
3) When interest is compounded Quarterly:

(R/4) 4n
Amount = P 1 +
100
4) When interest is compounded Annually but time is in fraction, say 3 years.
3
Amount = P 1 + R x 1+ R
100 100
5) When Rates are different for different years, say R1%, R2%, R3% for 1st, 2nd and 3rd year respectively.

35
 R1
Then, AmR
ou2 nt = P R1 3 + 1+
100 100 100

6) Present worth of Rs. x due n years hence is given by:

Present Worth of x due n years hence is given by: 

Present Worth = ‫ ݔ‬
ሺͳ൅ ሻ݊
ͳͲͲ
LAB
Viva voice:
1. on a certain sum,the simple interest at the end of 12ͳ years becomes ͵ of the sum. What is the rate of
ʹ Ͷ
interest p.c.p.a?

2. A retail fruit vendor buys pineapples at a score for Rs 200, and retails them at a dozenfor
Rs 156. Did he gain or lose in the transaction and what % was his gain or loss?

Sol:

2). What will be the compound interest on a sum of Rs. 25,000 after 3 years at the rate of 12 p.c.p.a.?
A) Rs. 9000.30 B) Rs. 9720C) Rs. 10123.20 D) Rs. 10483.20
Answer:

4) Find the sum of money which will amount to 26010 in 6 months at the rate of 8% per annum when the interest is compounded
quarterly.

5) The effective annual rate of interest corresponding to a nominal rate of 6% per annum payable half-yearly
is:
A) 6.06% B) 6.07% C) 6.08% D) 6.09% 36

Answer:
II B.E III SEM APTITUDE & CRITIKAL THINKING LAB

WEEK-8

RATIOS VARIATIONS AND PROPORTIONS

Date:--------------------

AIM: Explain the concepts of Ratios Variations and Proportions given raw data .

THEORY: For example 1 : 3 = 2 : 6 = 3 : 9 ;;4 : 5 = 12 : 15 = 16 : 20;

If a : b is a ratio then:
‫ݲ‬Duplicate ratio of (a : b) is (a2 : b2). ‫ݲ‬Sub-duplicate ratio of (a : b) is (a1/2 : b1/2).

‫ݲ‬Triplicate ratio of (a : b) is (a3 : b3). ‫ݲ‬Sub-triplicate ratio of (a : b) is (a1/3 : b1/3).

Example 3: What is the duplicate ratio of 2 : 3?

Sol: Duplicate ratio of 2 : 3 = 22 : 32 = 4 : 9.

Example 4: Triplicate ratio of two numbers is 27 : 64. Find their duplicate ratio.
Sol: Triplicate ratio of two numbers is 27 : 64, so numbers should be 271/3 : 641/3 So numbers
are inthe ratio 3 : 4. So duplicate ratio of 3 : 4 = 32 : 42 = 9 : 16.

Example 5: The ratio of two numbers is 25 : 36. Find their sub duplicate ratio.
Sol: Sub duplicate ratio of 25 : 36 = 251/2 : 361/2 = 5 : 6.

37
II B.E III SEM APTITUDE & CRITIKAL THINKING LAB
VIVA VOICE:

1) The ratio of the present ages of Priya and her mother is 3: 7. The mother’s age at the time of
Priya’s birth was 48 years. Find the mother’s present age.

Sol : Option:

1.The perimeter of a rectangle is 64 cm. If the ratio of the lengths of two adjacent sides is
7: 9,find the lengths of these sides.

Sol :

2) The ratio of the length and the breadth of a rectangle is 3 : 5 and its area is 1.35 cm2. Find the
length of the rectangle.

Sol :

3) The ratio of the present ages of John and Jim is 5 : 3. Four years hence it will be 3 : 2. Find the
present age of John.

Sol :

4.) Which number when added to each of the numbers 24, 32 and 42 would make the sums to bein
continued proportion?

Sol :

38
Practice Questions
1) A certain amount of money is divided among A, B and C in the ratio 3:5:2. If B got Rs.300 more than of C, find
the amount.
A) Rs.1,500 B) Rs.1,000 C) Rs.2,000 D) Rs.4,000
2) The ratio of the present ages of Priya and her mother is 3: 7. The mother’s age at the time of Priya’s birth was
48 years. Find the mother’s present age.
A) 84 yrs B) 42 yrs C) 36 yrs D) None of these

3) The perimeter of a rectangle is 64 cm. If the ratio of the lengths of two adjacent sides is 7: 9, find the
lengths of these sides.
a) 24 cm, 28 cm b) 14 cm, 18 cm c) 7 cm, 9 cm d) None of these
5) Divide Rs. 390 among 3 persons A, B and C such that 3 times A’s share, 2 times B’s share and 4 times C’s
share are all equal. The shares of A, B and C are respectively
A) Rs. 120, Rs. 180, Rs. 90 B) Rs. 60, Rs. 90, Rs. 45 C) Rs. 240, Rs. 157, Rs. 90 D)
None of these
6) The ratio of A’s salary to B’s was 4 : 5. A’s salary is increased by 10% and B’s by 20%, what is the ratio
of their salaries now?
A) 14:11 B) 15:14 C) 11:15 D) None of these
7) The number of marbles with Ashok and Bharat are in the ratio 3:4. The ratio of the number of marbles with
Bharat and Charan is 5:2. What is the number of marbles with Bharat, if all together they had 258 marble? Then
what are the marbles with Bharath ? Ans …………
8) Last year department store X had a total sales for December 6/that was 4 times the average (arithmetic mean) of
the monthly sales from January to November. What is the ratio of December sale to total sales for that year?
(A)1/4 (B)4/15 (C)1/3 (D)4/11 (E)4/5
9) Kelly has some coins only in two denominations which are nickels and quarters .which of the following could be
the ratio of number of nickels to numbers of quarters , if Kelly has $ 2.25 in all?
A) 5:2 B) 4:1 C) 8:1 D) 10:1 E) 8:5
10) Tom, Dick and Harry went for lunch to a restaurant. Tom had $100 with him, Dick had $ 60 ad Harry had $40.
They got a bill for $104 and decided to give a tip of $16. They further decided to share the total expenses in the
ratio of the amounts of money each carried, the amount of money which Tom paid more than that of Harry paid is
………………….?

II B.E III SEM APTITUDE & CRITIKAL THINKING LAB

39
 WEEK-9

SPEED ,TIME , DISTANCE & TIME AND WORK

Date:--------------------

AIM: Explain the concepts of Speed ,Time Distance and also Time and work given raw data .

THEORY:
‫݁ܿ݊ܽݐݏ݅ܦ‬
1. Speed=ሺ‫݁ܿ݊ܽݐݏ݅ܦ‬ሻ, Time=ሺ ሻ,Distance=(SpeedXTime)
ሺܶ݅݉݁ሻ ܵ‫݀݁݁݌‬
2. xkm/hr= ሺ‫ ܺݔ‬ͷሻm/sec
ͳͺ
ͳͺ
3. xm/sec=ሺ‫ ܺݔ‬ሻkm/hr
ͷ

4. if the ratio of the speeds of A and B is a:b, then the ratio of the times taken by them to cover the same distance is
ͳ ͳ
ǣ
ܽ  ܾ

5. Suppose a man covers a certain distance at x km/hr and an equal distance at y km/hr. then,the average speed
ʹ‫ݕݔ‬
during the whole journey is ሺ ሻ km/hr
‫ݔ‬൅‫ݕ‬




VIVA VOICE:
1. A person crosses a 600 m long street in 5 minutes. What is his speed in km per hour?
Answer:

40
II B.E III SEM APTITUDE & CRITIKAL THINKING LAB

1) The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7 : 8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours, then the
speed of the first train is:

Answer: Let the speed of two trains be 7x and 8x km/hr.

400
Then, 8x = = 100
100 4
x= = 12.5
8
Speed of first train = (7 x 12.5) km/hr = 87.5 km/hr.

2) A man on tour travels first 160 km at 64 km/hr and the next 160 km at 80 km/hr. The average speed
for the first 320 km of the tour is:

Answer:
160 160 9
Total time taken = + = hrs.
64 80 hrs. 2

2
Average speed = 320 x = 71.11 km/hr.
9 km/hr

3). 3600 men had provisions for 59 days. They started consuming, but after 10 days,
reinforcement arrives.As a result, the remaining food lasted for 36 days. What was the strength
of the reinforcement?
Answer : Option 1;;;; 3600 × 59 = (3600 × 10) + [(3600 + R)] × 36 ֜R = 1300

4). If either 24 men or 36 women can reap a field in 40 days, then 16 men and 16 women will
reap the fieldin
Answer : 24 men = 36 women, 16men = 24 women. Since, 36 women can reap a field in 40 days.
Therefore, (24+16) = 40 women can reap in (36 × 40)/40 = 36 days

41
 II B.E III SEM APTITUDE & CRITIKAL THINKING LAB

Practice Questions
1) Trains ‘T’ and ‘R’ are 80 miles apart and are approaching each other at a constant rates; T moving at 45
miles per hour, it takes 20 minutes for them to meet. Rate of Train R is….?

2) On a tour, a man travels at the rate of 64 miles/hour for the first 160 miles, then travels the next 160
miles. at the rate of 80 miles/hour. If x is the average speed (in miles/hour) for the 320 miles of the tour?
3) Jane covered a distance of 340 miles between cities A and B, taking a total of 5 hours. If a part of the
distance was covered at 60 miles per hour and the balance at 80 miles per hour, how many hours did she
travel at 60 miles per hour? —
(A) 2 hrs 30 min (B) 3 hrs (C) 2 hrs ; (D) 1 hr 45 min (E) None
4) A Train which travels at the uniform rate at 48 mph leaves Manhattan to Lincoln at 7:00 am and
another train leaves from Lincoln to Manhattan at 7:20 am whose distance between them is 72 miles. By
what time both the trains will meet each other if rate of one train is one-third faster than the rate of other
train? (A)7:30am (B) 7:40 am (C) 7:42 am (D) 7:50 am (E) 8:00 am
5) ) If 9 men or 12 women can do a piece of work in 30 days, in how many days, can the work be done by 6
men and 12 women working together?
1. 12 days 2. 15 days 3. 9 days 4. 18 days 5. 10 days

6) A can do a work in 32 days and B in 40 days. They worked together for 10 days and then B left the work.
The number of days will A takes to complete remaining work ?

7) If either 24 men or 36 women can reap a field in 40 days, then 16 men and 16 women will reap the field in
1) 18 days 2. 12 days 3. 16 days 4. 36 days 5. 9 days
8) A person employed 15 men to do a work in 20 days. After 10 days he realized that the work can’t
be finished in the scheduled time with the present force, so he employed six more men and the
work is finished as per the schedule. How many days would he have been behind the schedule if
he had not admitted the new men?
(A) 3 days (B) 4 days (C) 5 days (D) 6 days (E) 9 days
9) A water tank of 1000 liters capacity is connected to a tap, which can fill it at the rate of 20 liters
per minute and water is let out at the same time at the rate of 6 liters per minute. After. an hour
the outlet is shut off, find how long will it take now for the tank to become full?
(A)5 minutes (B) 8 minutes (C) 10 minutes (D) 12 minutes (E) 15 minutes
10) A can finish a work in 6 hours, and B is 25 percent less efficient than A. If they work together
alternately one hour each, then how long will they take to complete the work?
(A)5 hours 45 minutes (B) 6 hours (C) 6 hours 45 minutes (D) 7 hours (E) 8 hours
11) If 12 men or 15 women can complete a piece of work in 14 days. 3 men and 5 women will take
how many days?
4
3
12) A can do a certain job in 16 days. B is 60% more efficient than A. The number of days, it takes
B to do the same piece of work is
13) 40 labourers, working 8 hours a day can finish a piece of work in 21 days. If the labourers work 7 hours a
day, then the number of labourers to finish the same piece of work in 40 days, will be:

1. 15 2. 21 3. 24 4. 25
14) After working for 8 days, Andy finds that only one-third of the work has been done. He employs
Ross who is 60% efficient as Andy. How many days both Andy and Ross will take to complete
the remaining job?
(A)10 (B) 12 (C) 14 (D) 16 (E) 18
15) A train moves at a speed, which is 50% more than the speed of a car. Both start from the point P
simultaneously and arrive at a point Q, 120 km away from P at the same time. While on the way,
however, the train lost about half an hour while taking halt at the stations. The speed of the car is
A) 120 kmph B) 75 kmph C)80 kmph D) 60 kmph

44
 WEEK-10

PROBABILITIES ,PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS

Date:--------------------

AIM: Explain the concepts of Probability Permutations and Combinations for given raw data .

THEORY:

1)P(event) = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total number of outcomes)

2) P(A)+ P( A )=1

3) 0 P(A) 1

4) P(AŀB) = P(A) ‫ڄ‬P(B) where A & B are Independent Events

5) P(AU B) = P(A)+ P(B)- P(A B) where A & B are dependent Events

Permutation Formula
If the total number of data is “n” and the choice is of “r” things, then permutation will be (without
n
replacement and regarding an order)- Pr = (n!) / (n-r)!

Combination Formula
From a group of “n” data, the selection of “r” things without regarding order and replacement-

n Cr = (nr) = nP r/ r! = n! / {r! (n-r)!}

These are the key formulas to find out probability permutations and combinations. Moreover, the
n
relation between these two is nCr = Pr / r!.

45
II B.E III SEM APTITUDE & CRITIKAL THINKING LAB

VIVA VOICE:

1) In how many ways can a group of 5 men and 2 women be made out of a total of 7 men and 3 women?
Answer: Required number of ways = (7C5 x 3C2) = 7x6
(7C2 x 3C1) = x 3 = 63.
2x1

2) In how many different ways can the letters of the word 'LEADING' be arranged in such a way that the
vowels always come together?

Answer: The word 'LEADING' has 7 different letters.When the vowels EAI are always together, they
can be supposed to form one letter.Then, we have to arrange the letters LNDG (EAI).Now, 5 (4 + 1 = 5)
letters can be arranged in 5! = 120 ways.The vowels (EAI) can be arranged among themselves in 3! = 6
ways. Required number of ways = (120 x 6) = 720.

3) A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability of getting a queen of club or a king of heart
is:
Answer: Here, n(S) = 52. Let E = event of getting a queen of club or a king of heart.
Then, n(E) = 2.
n(E) 2 1
P(E) = = = .
n(S) 52 26

4). Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is drawn at random. What is the
probability thatthe ticket drawn has a number which is a multiple of 3 or 5?

Answers :Here, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, .., 19, 20}.

Let E = event of getting a multiple of 3 or 5 = {3, 6 , 9, 12, 15, 18, 5, 10, 20}.
n(E)= 9 .
P(E) =
n(S) 20
5). What is the probability of getting a sum 9 from two throws of a dice?
Answer:
In two throws of a dice, n(S) = (6 x 6) = 36.
Let E = event of getting a sum ={(3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3)}.
P(E) = n(E) 4 1

n(S) = 36 = 9.

46
 II B.TECH II SEM ECE APTITUDE & CRITICAL THINKING LAB

Practice Questions
1. Series of 5 one-day internationals cricket matches between 2 teams.The probability that at the end of 4 matches
the winner of the series is decided without draw.

2. If a coin is tossed 25 times. The find A) Probability of getting 9 heads b) Probability of getting 16 heads.

3. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of getting two numbers whose product is even?
A.1/2 B.3/4 C.3/8 D.5/6
4. A bag contains 100 balls numbered from 1 to 100. If 3 balls are selected randomly from the bag with
replacement, what is the probability that sum of the numbers on 3 balls is odd?
(A) ͵ (B) ͳ (C) ͷ (D) ͳ (E) ͵
͸ ʹ ͺ Ͷ Ͷ
5. Three balls are drawn (without replacement) from an urn containing 5 Blue balls, 4 Green balls and 3 yellow
balls. What is the probability of drawing a bluc ball, green ball and a yellow ball in that order?
1) There are five jobs of type Director , Principal, Professor , Senior Faculty and Junior Faculty in CMRIT
Engineering college . and five deserving candidates are coming for interviews. Number of ways in which at
least one appointment given to wrong candidates ?
2) In an examination, there are three multiple choice questions; each question has four choices of which only one
correct. In how many ways can a student attempt one or more questions of the examination?
A) 4³ (B) 4³ -1 (C)5³ (D) 5³-1 (E) 34-1
7) In a group of 6 boys and 4 girls, four children are to be selected. In how many different ways can they be
selected such that at least one boy should be there?
1) a.)159 b.)194 c.)205 d.)209 e.)None of these.
9.) Committees of 3 members are selected from 6 males and 4 females, and then which of the following is true?
A) 45 ways when committee contain 2 males and 1 female
B) 60 ways when committee contain 2 males and | female
C) 100 ways when committee contains at least 1 male
D) 96 ways when committec contain exactly 2 males or 2 females
10.) Of the science books in a certain supply room. 50 are on botany, 65 are on zoology, 90 are on physics. 50 are
on geology, and 110 are on chemistry. If science books are removed randomly from the supply room, how
many must be removed to ensure that 80 of the books removed are on the same science?

47
 WEEK-11

CLOCKS AND CALENDARS

Date:--------------------

AIM: Explain the concepts of Clocks and Calendars .

THEORY:

¾ A clock is a complete circle having 360 degrees. It is divided into 12 equal parts i.e. each part is 360/12
= 30°.

¾ As the minute hand takes a complete round in one hour, it covers 360° in 60 minutes.
In 1 minute it covers 360/60 = 6°/ minute.

¾ The hour hand covers just one part out of the given 12 parts in one hour. This implies it covers 30° in 60
minutes i.e. ½° per minute.

¾ This implies that the relative speed of the minute hand is 6 - ½ = 5 ½ degrees.
¾ The hands are in the same straight line when they are coincident or opposite to each other.

¾ Example 1: At what time between 10 and 11 will the minute and hour hand be at right angles?

¾ Solution: At 10 O'clock, the hour hand has covered (10*30°) = 300°.

¾ Note: There will be two right angles (clockwise and anti-clockwise)

Considering that hour hand is at 10, to make a 90-degree angle with the hour hand, the minute hand has
to be at 1 or 7.
For the first right angle, minute hand has to cover a relative distance of (1*30) = 30°.
For the 2nd right angle, minute hand has to cover a relative distance of (7*30)= 210°.

We know that the relative speed between the two hands is of 5 ° per minute.

Hence, time required for the 1st right angle = = or 5 minutes.

Time required for the 2nd right angle = = = 38 minutes.

¾ Type 2 : Finding the angle between the two hands at a given time.

¾ Example 1: The angle between the minute hand and the hour hand of a clock when the time is 4:20 is:

48
 II B.TECH II SEM ECE APTITUDE & CRITICAL THINKING LAB

¾ Solution: At 4:00, hour hand was at 120 degrees.Using the concept of relative distance, the minute hand

will cover = =110 degrees

The angle between the hour hand and minute hand is = 120-110 = 10 degrees.

¾ Example 2: The angle between the minute hand and the hour hand of a clock when the time is
3:30 is:

¾ Solution:At 4:00, hour hand was at 90 degrees.Using the concept of relative distance, the minute hand

will cover = =165 degrees

The angle between the hour hand and minute hand is = 165-90= 75 degrees.

Calendars
1) In an ordinary year, there are 365 days, which means 52 x 7 + 1, or 52 weeks and one day. This
additional day is called an odd day. The concept of odd days is very important in calendars.

a) 100 years give us 5 odd days as calculated above.

b) 200 years give us 5 x 2 = 10-7 (one week) => 3 odd days.

c) 300 years give us 5 x 3 = 15-14 (two weeks) => 1 odd day.

d) 400 years give us {5 x 4 + 1 (leap century)}-21} => 0 odd days.

Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Odd days 3 0/1 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3

VIVA VOICE:

1) An accurate clock shows 8 o'clock in the morning. Through how may degrees will the hour hand
rotate when the clock shows 2 o'clock in the afternoon?
a. 4° b.150° c.168° d.180°

Answer: Option D
360 °
Angle traced by the hour hand in 6 hours = x 6 = 180°.
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II B.TECH II SEM ECE APTITUDE & CRITICAL THINKING LAB

2) A clock is started at noon. By 10 minutes past 5, the hour hand has turned through:
a. 5° b.150° c.155° d.160°
Answer: Option C
Angle traced by hour hand in 12 hrs = 360°.
31 360 31 °
Angle traced by hour hand in 5 hrs 10 min. i.e., hrs = x = 155°.
6 12 6
3) If Sunday falls on 4th April, 1992. What was the day on 3rd Nov. 1991?
A. Tuesday B. Friday C. Wednesday D. Saturday
Sol : Option D
3.4.92 was Monday.
Number of days from 3.4.92 to 3.11.91
= 4 + 31 + 29 + 31 + 31 + 27 = 153.
Hence number of odd days = 153/7֜6
Hence the day on 3.11.91 was 6 days behind Sunday i.e. Saturday.

4) It was Thursday on 2nd Jan 1997. What day of the week will be on 15th March 1997?
A. Tuesday B. Saturday C. Sunday D. Thursday
Sol : Option B
2.1.97 was Thursday.
Number of days from 2.1.97 to 15.3.97
= 29 + 28 + 15 = 72.Hence number of odd days = 72/7֜2
Hence the day on 15.3.97 will be 2 days ahead of Thursday i.e. Saturday.

5) What was the day on 29th January, 1950?

A. Friday B. Sunday C. Wednesday D. Saturday
Sol : Option B
29.1.1950. Upto 1900, number of odd days = 1. From 1900 to 1949, there are 49 years in which 12 are
leap years and 37 are normal years.Total number of odd days = (12 2) + (37 1) = 24 + 37 = 61 5.
Also 29 days of January will have 1 odd day. Hence the total number of days = 1 + 5 + 1 = 7 =0 odd
days
Hence the day on this date i.e. 29.1.1950 was Sunday.

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Practice Questions
1) How many times are the hands of a clock at right angle in a day?
a.22 b.24 c.44 d.48
2) The angle between the minute hand and the hour hand of a clock when the time is 8.30, is? a.80°
b.75° c.60° d.105°
3) At what time between 9 and 10 o'clock will the hands of a watch be together?
a.45 min. past 9 b.50 min. past 9 c. 49 1/11 min. past 9 d. 48 2/11 min. past 9.
4) The angle between the minute hand and the hour hand of a clock when the time is 4.20, is?
a.0° b.10° c.5° d.20°.

5.) What was the day on 10th May, 1999?

A. Monday B. Friday C. Saturday D. Thursday
Sol : Option A
6) What was the day on 15th August, 1947?
A. Saturday B. Thursday C. Tuesday D. Friday
Sol : Option D
7) If Sunday falls on 4th April, 1992. What was the day on 3rd Nov. 1991?
A. Tuesday B. Friday C. Wednesday D. Saturday
Sol : Option D
8) What was the day on 29th January, 1950?
A. Friday B. Sunday C. Wednesday D. Saturday
Sol : Option B
9) If today is Tuesday. After 68 days, it will be:
A. Monday B. Thursday C. Sunday D. Friday
Sol : Option C
10) What was the day on 15th August, 2010?
A. Saturday B. Sunday C. Monday D. Tuesday
Sol : Option B

II B.TECH II SEM ECE APTITUDE & CRITICAL THINKING LAB

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 WEEK-12

GEOMETRY AND MENSURATION

Date:--------------------

AIM: Explain the concepts of Geometry and Mensuration for given figures.

THEORY:

A line is a straight path that is endless in both directions. That means it extends in both directions without
end. A line segment is a part of a line. The main difference the line and the line segment is that lines do
not have endpoints while line segments have endpoints.

Angle is the combination of two rays with a common endpoint. The symbol for an angle is ‫ס‬. The corner
point of an angle is called the vertex of an angle. The two straight sides of the angle are the arms of the
angle.

Polygon: Any closed figure formed by joining the line segments only

Triangles

Based on Sides Types of Triangle

1) Scalene Triangle: A triangle in which none of the three sides is equal is called a scalene triangle.
2) Isosceles Triangle: A triangle in which at least two sides are equal is called an isosceles triangle.
3) Equilateral Triangle: Equilateral triangle is a unique triangle in which all the angles & all the sides are
equal.

Based on Angles Types of Triangle

1) Acute Triangle: If all the three angles of a triangle are acute i.e., less than 90°, then the
triangle is an acute-angled triangle.

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 II B.TECH II SEM ECE APTITUDE & CRITICAL THINKING LAB

2) Obtuse Triangle: If any one of the three angles of a triangle is obtuse (greater than 90°), then that
particular triangle is said to be an obtuse angled triangle. Note: the remaining two angles of an obtuse
angled triangle are always acute.

3) Right Triangle: If any of the three angles of a triangle is a right angle (i.e. exactly 90°), then that
particular triangle is know as the right angled triangle.

Circle: A circle is the set of all points in the plane that are a fixed distance (the radius) from a fixed
point (the centre). Any interval joining a point on the circle to the centre is called a radius.

An interval joining two points on the circle is called a chord.

A chord that passes through the centre is called a diameter.

A line that cuts a circle at two distinct points is called a secant.

A tangent to a circle is a line that meets the circle at just one point.

Quadrilaterals

CUBOID

¾ Volume = (l x b x h) cubic units.

¾ Surface area = 2(lb + bh + lh) sq. units.

¾ Diagonal = l2 + b2 + h2 units.

CUBE

¾ Volume = a3 cubic units.

¾ Surface area = 6a2 sq. units.

¾ Diagonal = 3a units.

CYLINDER

¾ Volume = ( r2h) cubic units.

¾ Curved surface area = (2 rh) sq. units.

¾ Total surface area = 2 r(h + r) sq. units.

CONE

¾ Let radius of base = r and Height = h. Then, 53

 II B.TECH II SEM ECE APTITUDE & CRITICAL THINKING LAB

¾ Slant height, l = h2 + r2 units.

¾ Volume = r2h cubic units.

¾ Curved surface area = ( rl) sq. units.

¾ Total surface area = ( rl + r2) sq. units.

SPHERE

¾ Volume = r3 cubic units.

¾ Surface area = (4 r2) sq. units.

HEMISPHERE

¾ Volume = r3 cubic units.

¾ Curved surface area = (2 r2) sq. units.

¾ Total surface area = (3 r2) sq. units.

¾ Note: 1 litre = 1000 cm3.

VIVA VOICE:

1) In a triangle ABC, AB = 9, BC = 10, AC = 13. Find the length of median AD. If G is the centroid, find
GA and GD
Answers: By Apollonius theorem, AB2 + AC2= 2 * (AD)2 + 2 * (DC)2
‫׵‬81 + 169 = 2 * (AD)2 + 2 * (5)2 ‫׵‬250 = 2 * (AD)2 + 2 * (5)2
‫׵‬125 = AD2 + 25…..(Dividing by 2) ‫׵‬100 = AD2‫׵‬10 = AD ‫׵‬Median = 10.
Since G divides AD in the ratio 2: 1 So, GA = 2/3 * AD = 2/3 * 10 = 20/3,GD = 1/3 * 10 = 10/3.

2) ¨PQR is a right angled triangle, right angled at P & PS is the altitude to QR. If PQ = 8 and PS =
15, find QR and altitude PS. If T is the midpoint of QR, find PT.

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 II B.TECH II SEM ECE APTITUDE & CRITICAL THINKING LAB

Answers :By the theorem of Pythagoras, QR2 = 82 + 152 = 64 + 225 = 289 ‫׵‬QR = ¥289 = 17

Area of the triangle = 1/2 * Product of perpendicular sides = ½ * 8 *15 = 60.

Also area = 1/2 * QR * PS = 60 = 1/2 * 17 * PS = 60
‫׵‬PS = 120/17
Again, PT is the median to the hypotenuse.
‫׵‬PT = 1/2 * hypotenuse = 1/2 * 17 = 8.5.

3) If a circle is provided with measure of 19° on centre, is it possible to divide the circle into 360
equal parts?

Answers: Since, we are given a measure of a 19° angle, if we use the measure 19 times, we would be
able to measure 361° and hence, we can measure 361 – 360 = 1°.Hence, it would be possible to divide
the circle into 360 equal parts.

4) The values in x and y in the given figure are measure of angles. The value of x + y is equal to

Anwers: As ‫ס‬B + ‫ס‬D = 180°

and ‫ס‬A + ‫ס‬C = 180° So, x + 10 + 5y + 5 = 180° or, x + 5y = 165° ........(i)

And 2x + 4 + 4y – 4 = 180° or, 2x + 4y = 180° ..........(ii)

Solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 40° and y = 25° Hence, x + y = 40° + 25° = 65°.

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II B.TECH II SEM ECE APTITUDE & CRITICAL THINKING LAB

4) In a shower, 5 cm of rain falls. The volume of water that falls on 1.5 hectares of ground is:

Answer: 1 hectare = 10,000 m2

So, Area = (1.5 x 10000) m2 = 15000 m2.
5 1
Depth = m = m.
100 20
1
Volume = (Area x Depth) = 15000 x m3 = 750 m3.
20
5) A cistern 6m long and 4 m wide contains water up to a depth of 1 m 25 cm. The total area of the wet
surface is:

Answer: Area of the wet = [2(lb + bh + lh) - lb]

surface
= 2(bh + lh) + lb

= [2 (4 x 1.25 + 6 x 1.25) + 6 x 4] m2

= 49 m2.

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 Practice Questions

1) If n* is the number of diagonals in n-sided polygon and6 <n*<15, then n is

(A)5 (B)6 (C)7 (D)8 (E)9
2) In an isosceles triangle sum of the two sides is 20, if one of the three sides is 12 then what is the
perimeter of the triangle?
(A)26 (B) 28 (C)30 (D)32 (E)34
3) A rectangular field is 400 feet long and 300 feet wide. If a square field has, the same perimeter
as the rectangular field, what is the length, in feet, of each side of the square field?
A) 175 B) 350 (C) 200¥2 (D) 350¥2 (E) 100¥3
4) The width of a rectangular playground is 75 percent of the length. If the perimeter of the playground is
280 meters, how long, in meters, is a straight path that cuts diagonally across the playground from one corner
to another?
A)60 (B)70 (C)80 (D)90 (E) 100
5) Square picture frame has an outer perimeter of 36 inches and is 1 inch wide on all sides, What is the
inner perimeter of the frame, in inches?

(A) 32 (B) 28 (C)40 (D)36 (E) 120

6) The percentage increase in the area of a rectangle, if each of its sides is increased by 20% is?
a.)40% b.)42% c.) 44% d.)46%

7) The length of a rectangle is halved, while its breadth is tripled. What is the percentage change in area?
a.)25% inc b.)50% inc c.)50% dec d.)75% dec

8) Given that AB and CD are two chords of a circle intersecting at the point O outside the circle, and AB = 7
m, BO = 5 m, and OD =3 m. Find the length of OC.
(A)20m (B) 16m (C)35m (D)6m (E) 18m

9) Circular region C has a radius of 1 centimeter and a circumference of x centimeters. If the region has an
areaof y square centimeters, what is the ratio of x to y?
(A)2 (B)1/2 (C)2ʌ (D)ʌ (E)1/ʌ

10) The volume of a box with a square base is 54 cubic centimeters. If the height of the box is twice the
width of the base, what is the height, in centimeters?
(A)2 (B)3 (C)4 (D)6 (E)9

11) How many maximum number of spherical balls of radius 5.5 cm each can be arranged in rectangular box
of dimension 58x36x25cm"?

12). The radius of a right circular cylinder is 8 cm and its height is 20 cm. If the new cylinder is formed by
increasing either radius or height by 25%, then find the volume of new cylinder.

(A)1000 (B) 1200 (C) 1600 (D) 2000 (E) 2500.

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