SCIENTIFIC

METHOD
Scientific method – a systematic way of
acquiring knowledge and solving problems.

COMPONENTS OF A SCIENTIFIC METHOD

1.Statement of the Problem

2. Formation of Hypothesis
3.Testing/ Experimentation
4. Analysis of Data
5. Drawing of Conclusion
 • The process of doing scientific
investigations starts with an
Statement of the observation. We use our five
PROBLEM senses to observe our
suroundings
 A group of pupils tested the effect of fertilizer on the growth of
plants. They used six plants that are 15 cm tall. They group the
plants into two : Group A and B. They watered the plants in Group A
with 200 ml of plain water and 200 ml of fertilizer solution in Group
B. They watered the plants twice a week with the same amount of
water and exposed them to the same amount of sunlight. After 3
weeks they measured the growth of the plants in each group.

 Statement of the Problem:

 How does fertilizer affect the growth of the plants?
 Is a simple statement that presents the
possible solution to the problem.

 Example:
 There is significant relationship between the
growth of the plants and the use of fertilizer.
 At this point you are ready to test your hypothesis
by conducting an experiment. An experiment is a
set of manipulations or specific observations of
nature. It is considered the most important part of
the scientific method. It is done to answer your
research problem.
 There are three types of variable in an experiment:

 Controlled variables- are variables that are kept constant.

They do not receive any treatment.
 Independent Variables- are the factors that you change or
alter during experiment.
 Dependent variables- are the variables that you observe, and
they are considered the response to an independent variable
 A group of pupils tested the effect of fertilizer on the growth of
plants. They used six plants that are 15 cm tall. They group the
plants into two : Group A and B. They watered the plants in Group A
with 200 ml of plain water and 200 ml of fertilizer solution in Group
B. They watered the plants twice a week with the same amount of
water and exposed them to the the same amount of sunlight. After
3 weeks they measured the growth of the plants in each group.

 Independent Variable- amount or presence of fertilizer.

 Dependent Variable- growth of plants in terms of height.
 Controlled Variable- amount of water and sunlight, amount of soil,
size of pot.
 Data obtained from the experiments should be analyzed and
presented systematically. The data may be presented using a
table for easy interprentation.

 Example:

Plants Initial Frequency Treatment Growth of

Height of water Given for Plants
Three weeks
A 15 cm Twice a 200 mL of 18 cm
week plain water

B 15 cm Twice a 200 mL of 132

week fertilizer
 Conclusion:
 The growth of the plants is affected by the
use of fertilizer