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Gaal Ore (1-3) goa Sas All a Se Lad cola yobs YEE g Linas sosell dpe UGB Sy Ugdiad 4 y Cadell os gine 9.9 Zl otal OSS -41-NZ ; i | H ——~9-----H——— 00 ‘ (2-3) jens Dissociation of Water ell ois Las Ge WS qudtny dag Depeis Leja ell Lazo ois gl ose thy be Bigg Ud il gSll ano gill H* + OH HOH pasts Gols pany Le BS neu s¥l es Gris all Yad pa See (1.8 x 10'S) 4 Tap 3 pie Keq Il tag G85 «@ 25 Syb= Ue 5s 3 (H, O°) Equilibrium constants SIS Sohgs 923 2B Vy phe olasl old ela ye waatl dba gh Gy pall Ge de pull GY ine te pull Wea 3S GL pid aL I] aed Jp dels ge Ny oggaSall oleh GbE te pull balls ce glad poled! olos¥l Lill! gi Skx4 (Keg) “equilibrium constant” g3L)all ay Taady pay: Gol the fis Lacks juice I be GAT -42-ky, HA H+A ky DHA 58.5 ge bot uli Gul) de Vfa (HA) rgl Vf=K, (HA) Joes culls (ous (proportionnality constant) geet gL = Ki gus Bale Se SQ cemelily VeSY Gy! GG te pa Jane cul ody Le pall staly gill J} tegi ye Bade SSIS ge GLIIL, AH ty AT 5.5.5 gs ult Vr Gus de pall PHT y AG US 5SIA (gl) Shu Vv, a([H*] 4 V,a@[A] V, a (H*)(A’) V, =K-1 H(A) ’ Ticlas J} so (Ht) Gelaad 1) QS) D5 dep Je cu Kl tue Gels aie LY Vr de pall Gawd Ye Uysoall Jl afi (A) Uiclae ulliSy Vr 2 OAH pid oe Nr ad (AD 9 CH") oe US v=, K, (HA) = K,, (HY) (A) gt = A) 1 K,= HA) J K Keg y dyads GG Youd ZO dad oly at _ a 0a) Keq = GHA) -43-canis Gael! ASG cud Ge le Keg of alll Ul a x, Ka- A+B— 2C Ky Jalil) G45 Leste y VE = K, (A) @) 1 Vr = K, () (C,) =K, (cy (ce J Keq = ———- “1 = ay @) Gell AUR OG Se sue Ye sale Keq abut ol, SSI af (activities) GstbLts Jy ls au Y Joli] ab ySs 52515 oly DSA ct] OLS+ LLaall Of glee] gt ua Aly Raley ES5u 4} La patil Gelb y Galt ob SU GAY LSU Yataall Ups Loe pill ade oly Gost! Tahal LAS oLuhall 3 padiad lly SalSaii sclgilly yolaay) 2-3 dao Ube GA a GIS LS Lay ad selgilly pales clas Lae pia geiall o5gll of Eka OLS Ge yaa gl dye Talal oly pall Ys selyiy oleaal ga dasll LLU By! Lat pall olty5 all UMS, ebly! -Osldl Ye Rail dep Jace Tyre 3 Lage Galye oltadall oda Yo Gib gS obo) pis sls yal ULauly (conformation) zhi) 5 All is dey sf ode bel pay GAT tes ae Shuai otal! op dead gill olaLe sly, WSSU b Unchedl Laitil, Gio! Gk) Gubil ullisy dpiiall -44-Bronsted Concept a gpa ages get Latall Toho! slags 9 sell) GalaY! LLL Baill Lay ball Of AE lll ya Bselilly gis) gs Ble Ge Tyre ga oll paola! ya) deed ge Gaal judy Leta addy UP preilll ba ayes ob Syl Salil! Baclilly JooV! Rabat ye Gully a ecdyyy Belk oy SF SS ll Fe GIS Sgygll LES al UG UUAIAL TscLall — Gill WasLotl — cybe US pbb 1 AT asad oy Gdale Gy Gy ll pub, ABIL U Buel — BALM Yall ge gla gy gil Zuclill 4) Waal gb ifs std yyy HA + Rr A + HB ASibe Gaul Gils Buel Tile Bac Gils Vala US] shad A olat) Wats) Q Got ay Lal! AST aad yy aa Bye Lode Gael ha oS AUS eA! Gaels Ste yey all paso! Se bSy GHaally (SSSI) Lal Owl) Gael cay Gils Ua Lactic acid Lactate +H" tOgig Al Gd Tes Gros lull ayy lua pie GasLatLi Uf Si GI gebinw Gaale Ge ULes (NHZ pol ode) pred! uli baale Lad eb nSll Gaalay chy sya ugll dale LA AH") hy iy sit Lis glesity Las obys gl Bacli Lf Lagi HPOP ly H2 PO, Hh ge JS oI 9] tse ed pop ILI Og FSI any gh paul QO USlin gi Ue yeall Bad yo dS sayy Leaala Bypduall Guill. Keq 1) Lidl this ean ye Gall YAslall 353 yyeed CSay Ng gS bate UF Ges Late pay YLalby Guin ethey 225 Gil Aaledl GsS filly LATS GS Gots d] SEY OY JMLG Eyes Keg dy le Giy PK I Gieey Keg il Se etl Syy bys -45-= 1 PK = log Keg BS PK I pused ipice Keq J gS) Laid UNS] he Lady all hoy SI) dale Ta uall poled gay = Gtill Jel gay ALG oy tell H,CO,===== H* + HCO} co, + ho (sll SU AIL By IS CO2 er 3h Ota J H2CO3 ys) tea BCOr ge Least 3h Ubay CO gS Steel oll ge QL coe ASAIN 3 Syo3 casey SU yy obi gS dA gl Ly ogcloell abl sats JL y H2CO3 J Las 3 s4b5 J] oS sage CO2 I 545 saad 5bsll 2 HY) les 3 Bal jyy ca plo U} ott H*) (HCO. Keq = (H*) (HCO;) H, CO, +C0,) Bda5 1 CO? SH os 1/200 Ge Jit ESSuat pe Ylaill H2CO3 JI ies gf Hany Gade Gaels Git CO2 JI J} obty ol tule GL Gay qolatl Ge 2 GN LS Qobtl pou H*) (HCO,) Keq = £8) C05) (CO,) Buffer solutions (Us jfall) Aaa) Yalta 3-3 GLY whe aa grand and pA SII pyLiy goill ootl ga lst platt Bac ye g) aL Lal ee Gps Gaube Ge bySyy dacLill a) Gaal phos bee SUS pyr yeall Oy cL aale We dpa dul sal ae Gd BES hs Lye B pypryrall by Sarg cL yl! Gata of LS Lake wgal ik, Vylas -46-PBL Solo ces saagll GAM Gt tlLela — Gye tia Wala Ge tad SSH I cl SeS5 oy Dell GUY pKa JI Go Ley! cpbele Ye sciay t gdalall (salt) pH + pka + log Tecid) Sg 1s By pall gee CIUA Jels Gg SE SU Ge Gl 5S8 Yall of BES 545 ga GUL tl acl 555 J Glow Jl gop Ht! L335 oy US Sih Wakes ub Salely DILall oda ge peed Say GLU WoeLads + DO ASA GS Gude conjugate acid ~———= conjugate base + H* Gils jul Wile tae _ (H*) (conjugate base) Keq = ~~ conjugate acid) 2 he Geass Uslall aulbss Bulef y 1 1 (conjugate base) I = —_— —S 08 (H*) log keq + log (conjugate acid) 5 Lbs pH = log ost bess (H*) -. 1 pk” = log tea ’ date Wall quiet (conjugate base) HH = pk + P p B+ (conjugate acid) -47-dans GaSy wis slall ga 1-3-3 pla rads pl aby Gye bats 5h SU ga ge a ysl Uo es ohe ol HY SS 3 pial oleSSl GiLs} shad - faa syagll wl DSI LAGS! p slid SB aygany cul puss jit ol fe Bio sel as slallé 1a) OH” A sl aJglall GOH sJHt 1 G4 pico SlaS GL] we Baclilly gill Gaal La yale Ye Gy pall sys slull BLS sy tas (GILL Sactill) pales Gud pdale Yo isgoy dal! es ulall Sly GLU sey (SLU jdalatl) Upatey Lid BrelG Ye srel il es stall op ytory AVL BSI cl AR La shin QSay LHELU Suctilly GHAI alot ool yee Aba publ QP OH y Ht Lal by oVI palatal Uauly Lise cua sve! TBALU Such ao Loja Lelie rps tall Jylatl YP HU) aby) GLa] sie, ah GLal sey Ht 0 obi Gaus JIS I gibt GaaLed! gS) Saye yl! ALL gS Sayaighl GILM Goabatl ge Lege elit ways shall Yolo JL OH © O gtassouid! GMb ty OH tt obit be Uday JET IY GLU BacLall, SUG g 9% pL Of Ma gay Ht y OH aby) GLa} wie Ball GUL ag slo dyes Yad ange ¥ a TL 3 Le fag, 2 Madge gulall 8g5 Ye pial GaS seisd (H) (HA) Ghee 3 isso stl Gall 9 tl of Bad gyn pints Gist wey Sle yigs (HA+A*) oft 1 OHI Lal sie fae SG 9S pKa! Bola pia ole ge ell Gaal a OIy.7 glass sausll 2! aie fue bat Ml ake Gols gbae pda soa HUT heey tell ll wie Looe TSN oe bod 4d pKa 59% Gunes Las tate faut 7 ie youll -48-Gilibuls — gps Uses qadle 2-3-3 Henderson - Hasselbalch Equation sky 8 ll GM! GUL OSes hued Gaal Ge Gy Uylaall esse ly wisdll VAelall Ka 1 ) J ised Bali Ge GSU Jyload poH ly Grewal! duel) Kb _ (1) (A) Ka = THA -1 te Janos Ustall aalits sule] aes (H*) = Ka HAD (ay 2 asad MSY phy Eg) BAT ey log (H*) = log Ka + log 44) ro7 Tog atta Ops atey HA) log (H*) = log Ka + log 24). 8 a Ka + log pH = pKa - Jog HA) (A) = 0M‘) (OH) k= (MOH) (OH) = k» MOB) (M") -49-(MOH) log (OH’) = log kb + log (M*) log (OH) = logkb - log MOH) (M*) pOH < pkb - log “— pOH = pkb + log i) (MOH) _ (R—NH3) (OH) ~~. (R=NH,) (R-NH,) (OH) = kb ——— (R-NH!) (R—NH,) - log (OH") = log kb - log ——— (R—NH}) (R-NH3) OH = pkb + lo; P p 8 RON 1O}b Rylade GAL Saelitly GILM Ldalal 5813 GG Leute ot bodhy pH = pKa poH = pKb ’ + ge leatey Kb y Ka uball ge GMI Gab Hades Ynys (A) = (HA) (H*) = Ka -50-+ OS beats (R—NH,) = (R-NH,) (OH) = Kb sing GN Jyloal) gua ssa VG GyLul oY 3 ele Ge Guay Bactill dua Ye pha sougll Tl aSans Ge S A Ge Jue Ae yg HA Je sGalyl GAalatt Y] Galt PH Change in buffer eo shall Y og gall Goh p55 3-3-3 IHS Baad cul Gio y sia Gul fo BUA Gile By say ees hall Joa tiny ses glall B35 Gh ag gall Ga HO catig t Gasiuy sl ays ill Jeliall gyms fy es all 58.5 Bab5y shes Ge cyst sl cal ne sstut ol Je BLiat! SF! Of dua Laud Spe eg she Slaatad Laatly Fy sey Gall ad Gad a gt GU Lo VI aH Ul Lalu gues Lay LSI ood LILI st gail ole G5 J) eee By peey gus sscaell Goll pbs gl lla, WLS 29! of SSA GUST php Gus lhl pa baw gl UIE I) Jeli Gis lis assed GAM S38 dea ys shall AaB Loy VI gill typed lua Upon Guay Soe ly Buffer Capacity eg ylall Laws Gates bas ees Nall Tesuy giao sraaedl oD yh LagLal es hall 65 dl 2 SR shy ees slall Taw days Sars ott BD Gas 1p Gud Uylbll OW IH* I ge AUL SY yt sre - 1 +h peyote SNH Ge Tyee Gu HLS] he Sass sill pues tug Gal J gaa! -2 (2 J Jas Jia) OHI -51-be Jonas Gtbbala Gye aha Wales Jlatiulyy Uaid ot AD pH = pka + log an = pka + Log (A’) - Log (HA) = pka + Log (A‘) — Log {(C) - (A)} _ In(A) _ Inf()-(A}] = pka + 23 23 ees ahall ab gSh YS 5S A= C (HA) + (A) = (A) Jt Gath, Laat SeHo owt, d(A) -2.3(A) 2.3 (C)-(A)] (c) 2.3 (A) (C)-(A)] (50d WLAN HY A ye Uys JS SYA (OH) gid (H*) St Unis ga d (A) A I ge dye GS ULall OH Uys Sy Av Jlaul J} 2 lilly Gdayaall aie y a(H*) _ 40H) dpH dpH _ 2 (ANTO-AI _ yg _——~Oo -52-