YOGA (84)

CLASS X

There will be two papers in the subject. number of cranial and spinal nerves present in the
body); the Autonomic nervous system: Sympathetic
Paper I (Theory) will be of two hours duration
nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous
carrying 100 marks. The paper will be divided into
system (location and function).
four sections as follows:
Section I: 40 marks 2. The Endocrine System
Section II: 20 marks A study of the Pituitary gland, the Thyroid, the
Adrenal glands and the Pancreas; role of Yoga in
Section III: 20 marks
maintaining the health of the endocrine glands.
Section IV: 20 marks
The above must be studied with respect to the
Section I will be compulsory. Candidates will be following: location, hormones secreted, effects of
required to attempt all the questions from this section. over-secretion and under secretion of hormones.
There will be no choice of questions.
How yoga helps to regulate the functioning of the
Sections II, III and IV will have a choice of questions. endocrine glands and helps in achieving hormonal
Candidates will be required to attempt two questions balance.
from each section.
The above sections will correspond to the sections 3. The Circulatory System
given in the syllabus. Structure and functioning of the heart; disorders of
the circulatory system; the lymphatic system;
Paper II (Internal Assessment) will carry 100 marks.
composition of blood; role of yoga in improving
PAPER I (THEORY) blood circulation.

SECTION I: HUMAN BIOLOGY Heart: Location, covering (pericardium),

chambers of the heart, blood vessels entering and
1. The Nervous System leaving the heart: Vena Cava, aorta, pulmonary
The neuron, central nervous system and peripheral artery, the pulmonary vein; blood supply to the
nervous system, the sense organs. Role of Yoga in heart: coronary arteries; Valves: Bicuspid,
maintaining the health of the nervous system. Tricuspid, Semilunar Valves; Circulation of blood
The neuron: Structure (cyton, axon, terminal in the heart: systole and diastole; blood vessel
branches, synapse, myelin sheath) and function types: arteries, capillaries, veins, structure and
(carry messages in the nervous system in the form function; some of the other main blood vessels:
of electrical impulses); Kinds of neurons: Sensory, Hepatic portal vein, Hepatic artery and vein,
Motor, Association. Nerves and ganglia: definition Renal artery and vein;
only. Some disorders of the circulatory system:
The Central Nervous System: The Brain: atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, myocardial
Meninges, Forebrain: Cerebrum (Temporal, infarction, angina: definition of each disorder;
Parietal, Occipital, Frontal) and Diencephalon; Composition of blood: plasma, the liquid
Midbrain; Hindbrain (Cerebellum, Pons, Medulla component of blood; a brief description of the
oblongata). Location and basic function of each of structure and functions of RBC, WBC and platelets
the above parts. disorders of the blood: Haemophilia, anaemia.
(The types of WBCs and the blood groups need not
The Spinal Cord: Structure and function; Reflex be studied);
action: Simple reflex, Conditioned reflex;
How yoga helps to improve blood circulation and
The Peripheral Nervous System: Somatic nervous hence enhances the body’s immunity.
system: Cranial nerves and spinal nerves (the
1
4. The Excretory System am I”? His travel to Thiruvannamalai; His
Enlightenment; Setting up of the Ramana Ashram;
Organs of excretion; Parts of the excretory system; granting his mother moksha at the time of her
urine formation, disorders of the excretory system; moving on.
Role of Yoga. Teachings: Self enquiry: Who am I? and his
Lungs, skin and kidneys are the three organs of method of self-enquiry.
excretion; parts of the excretory system: the Works: Who Am I, 5 Hymns to Arunachala, 40
Kidney, Cortex and Medulla; Ureters; Bladder; verses on Reality.
Urethra.
SECTION III: THE YOGA SUTRAS OF
Disorders of the excretory system: Kidney failure,
PATANJALI
Gout, Kidney stones; the Dialysis machine:
meaning of each. (i) Samadhi Pada
How the practice of yoga helps in maintaining the Chitta Vrittis: definition of Yoga. The different
health of the excretory system and hence the types of Chitta Vrittis: Klishta and Aklishta;
elimination of waste from the body. Pramana Viparyaya Vikalpa, Nidra, Smriti;
Ways to still the Chitta Vrittis: Abhyasa and
SECTION II: SAGES OF INDIA Vairagya, Ishwar Pranidhana, the Pranava
Mantra, the four virtues, Pranayama (elongating
Candidates are to write notes on the lives and
the bahya kumbhak), heightened awareness of the
teachings of the following sages: Vyasa, Yagnavalkya, senses, concentrating on a light beyond all
Narsi Mehta, Ramana Maharishi. sorrow, contemplating and recollecting the
For each of the above sages, the candidates need to experiences of dreams-filled or dreamless sleep
during the waking state.
know briefly, two important aspects of their works.
Obstacles: Vyadhi, Styana, Samshaya, Pramada,
1. Vyasa Alasya, Avirati, Bhrantidarshana,
Birth and early life; his birthday is celebrated as Alabdhahumikatva, Anavasthi-tattva.
Guru Purnima; training under his father Rishi Accompaniments of the obstacles: Dukha,
Parasara, his role as the grandfather of Pandavas Daurmansya, Angamejayatva and Shvasa
and Kauravas, his son Shuka. Prashvasa.
Samadhi - definition and types of Samadhis
Works: The Bhramasutras, The Mahabharata, (Sabeej, Nirbeej, Savitarka, Nirvitarka,
Srimad Bhagvatam, The Puranas, Vyasa Bhashya. Savichara, Nirvichara).
2. Yagnavalkya (ii) Sadhana Pada
Kriya yoga, Kleshas, cause of pain: identification
Birth and education, dynamics of his relationship of the seer (drashtu) with the seen; Kaivalya:
with his guru Vaisampayana (growing destruction of ignorance through right knowledge
disagreement between the two at the ashram, Meet breaks the link between the seer and the seen and
at Mount Meru, King Supriya and the formation of leads to liberation or kaivalya (refer to Sutra 2.25,
the Krishna Yajurveda); relationship with Surya the students need not learn the Sutra); Ashtang
Bhagvan, King Janaka, Gargi and Maitreyi yoga; Pratipaksha Bhavanam (refer to Sutra 2.33,
Works: The Yajurvedas, The Brihadaryanka and the students need not learn the Sutra)
Bhramanas, Yoga Yagnavalkya Samhita. (iii) Vibhuti Pada
Concept and definition of Samyama, study of the
3. Narsi Mehta following objects of samyama and the powers
Birth and early life, three miraculous events in his attained: distinguishing marks on another man’s
life. His teaching and contributions- composition body, qualities of friendliness and compassion,
‘Vaishnava Jan To….’ strength such as that of an elephant, the sun, the
moon, the pole star, the naval, the pit of the throat,
4. Sri Ramana Maharishi
the head, the heart; These Vibhutis (attainments)
Birth and early life; His death experience which
led to the all-consuming question for him, “Who are hindrances to achieve the spiritual goal.

2
SECTION IV: SOME IMPORTANT SCHOOLS continuous assessment. The candidate will be assessed
OF PHILOSOPHY AND SOME SUTRAS on the basis of his/her output in the following areas:
1. Some of the Orthodox Philosophies (a) Degree of effort and progress in his/her yoga
Sankhya, Yoga, Vedanta, Purva Mimansa with practice (judged through periodical tests).
respect to each philosophy - Meaning of the name, (b) Assisting the yoga therapy sessions.
founder, dates, important texts, tenets, salvation,
concept of God. Improving his/her own health and well being
through yoga therapy.
Tenets of Sankhya
Purusha and Prakriti (dualistic system) (the (c) Participation in programmes.
student needs to know just a basic understanding Section B (60 Marks): Practical Tests - There will be
of these terms); Gunas, 23 evolutes of Prakriti. three tests in this section – to be assessed by an
Tenets of Yoga External Examiner.
Yoga also called Sa Ishvara Sankhya; 5 vrittis and Test 1: Predetermined Asanas (30 marks)
5 Chitta Bhumis; 5 kleshas; 4 virtues; Ashtang
yoga. The candidates must perform any six asanas from
those given below:
Tenets of Vedanta Ardha Chandrasana, Pashva Uttanasana,
Basic meaning of the following terms: Advaita, Shalabhasana, Sarvangasana, Paschimottanasana,
Brahman, Jagat, Mithya, Maya, Sookshma Urdhva Dhanurasana, Uttanasana, Matsyasana
(subtle) and Sthool (gross) buddhi
Test 2: Directed asanas (20 marks)
Tenets of Purva Mimansa
Importance of rituals and Mantras, concept of The candidate must perform 4 or 5 asanas of the
many Gods and Goddesses, concept of divinity in External Examiner's choice. (The examiner will select
non-living objects, Karma and dharma. asanas from the Class X syllabus only). The External
Examiner may test the pupil's ability to adapt and
2. Some of the Heterodox Philosophies modify asanas.
Buddhism and Jainism with respect to each Test 3: Pupil's preference of asanas (10 marks)
philosophy - meaning of the name, founder, dates,
The candidate will perform two asanas of his/her
important texts, tenets, salvation, concept of God.
choice.
Tenets of Buddhism
The 4 noble truths, the 8-fold path, two schools of Important Notes:
Buddhism - Hinayana and Mahayana.
(a) Candidate must choose an asana from the Class X
Tenets of Jainism
syllabus only.
The 3 jewels, transmigration of the soul and
moksha, everything has a jiva, no belief in Gods (b) Candidate must not select an asana that he/she has
and Goddesses, 24 tirthankaras, Mahavira the already demonstrated in Test 1 and Test 2.
24th one.
The practical work is to be covered under the
3. Five Important Sutras following categories:
Patanjali Yoga Sutra 1.2, 1.14, 1.33, 2.3, 2.28 (A) Asanas
1. Ardha Chandrasana
PAPER 2 (INTERNAL ASSESSMENT)
2. Pashva Uttanasana
The practical work is to be divided into two sections
as follows: 3. Uttanasana
Section A (40 Marks): Course Work - the course work 4. Urdhva Mukha Shvanasana
will be assessed by the teacher on the basis of 5. Matsyasana

3
6. Janu Shirshasana (B) Breathing\pranayama
7. Upavista Konasana (holding big toes, head 1. Revision of the Full Yogic Breathing
up)
2. Brahmari
8. Paschimottanaasana
Reference Book:
9. Marichyasana III
Light on Yoga: Yogacharya B.K.S. Iyengar - Harper
10. Shalabhasana
Collins, India.
11. Urdhva Dhanurasana
12. Salambha Sarvangasana I
13. Halaasana

4
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT IN YOGA - GUIDELINES FOR MARKING WITH GRADES
Criteria Knowledge of Asanas Precision Achievements (Ability to Application (Interactive) Presentation
perform the classical pose)
Grade I • Immediately presents • Firmness and • Strength • Can adapt and modify as • Confidence
(4 marks) the required asana alertness • Flexibility required by examiner. • Angle of presentation
• Knows the meaning of • Co-ordination • Endurance (can hold the • Can clearly explain the and stance between
the name of the asana • Attention to details pose) purpose. poses
• Knows to which • Moment-to- • Stability • Co-operation and
general group the asana moment keenness
belongs awareness • Grace and poise
• Knows the benefits
Grade II Fails to respond to any one Any one of the above Any one of the above aspects Very competent at one of the Lack one of the above
(3 marks) of the above aspects. aspects lacking. inadequate. above but only partially manages aspects.
the other.

Grade III Fails to respond to two of Any two aspects Any two aspects inadequate. Attempts both but is unclear Lack two of the above
(2 marks) the above requirements. lacking. aspects.
Grade IV Fails to respond to three of Any three aspects Any three aspects Guesses both the application and Lack three of the above
(1 mark) the above requirements. lacking. inadequate. purpose. aspects.

Grade V Respond incorrectly to all Poor in all four All four aspects inadequate. Unable to apply or explain All four aspects
(0 marks) four aspects. inadequate.