Roles of the Nurse i Care Health BY: NAZISH SARMAD AIONUS KARAT Introduction > rsing has had a signi As rapid change continues to transforn of nursing and health care system, the peol > Today, nurses bring knowledge, leadership, sp Vital expertise to expanding roles that afford a At the end of this lectures student will be able to: 1. Define Profesional plain Characteristics of Pro ght the Role ofthe Protess 4. Deseribe the Career roles 5. Describe the role of Nurse as a ‘Communicator 6, Describe the role asa Teacher 7. Desribe the role as a Counselor What is a “Profession Snversitn an chlor reguing Special traning of an advanced character caine savers dst ro De a ving. code of ethics generat accepted ainding wen ts rs itn fr Acoma (6 Prete, 83professional Arm nnd or bg tein cas Professionalism |): 9» »:0\\uce) Refers to professional char methods. It isa set of attrib that implies responsibility and commitment > Professionalization Is the process of becoming professional, that is, Of acquiring characteristics considered to be professional, spirit, or away of life a Two terms related to profession need to be differentiated Characteristics of a ProfessionCHARACTERISTICS OF NURSE «Care + Communication Skills + Commitment “ toLearn t es; + Empathy + Leadership s “Attention to Detail + Stamina + Time Management __ + Problem Solving Skils + Experience + Sense of Humor + Passion he coe ‘A PROFESSION “authority to control his/her own work 1 body of knowledge through research 4 practical as well as theoretical competence. 4 requirements for admission highly specialized professional jucation self-regulated adaptability Autonomy «Code of ethics canmncirncon tee stow Professionalism in Nursing ‘hace Definitions of Nursingriorence Nightingale The act of uilizing the environment OF patient to assist him in his recovery" | (Nightingale, 1860) Nightingale considered a clean, well- ventilated, and quite environment essenti for recovery Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) Described nursing practice as a dynamic, caring, helping relationship in which the nurse Assists the client to achieve and obtain optimal health Vergini ia Henderson "The unique function of the nurse is 1@ assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contribu to health or its recovery (or to pe: aceful death)" Nursing definition WHO > Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals ofall families, groups and communities, sick or well and in al settings. It includes the promotion of health, the prevention ot illness, and the care o ill, disabled and dying people@ >In 1980, the (ANA) changed this defini of nursing to this merican Nurses Associati (ANA) "direct, goal oriented, and >" Nursing is the diagnosis and the needs of the treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems". | adaptable {0 individual, the family community during health illness" (ANA, 1973), and the nd Recipients of Nursing are sometimes called consumers, sometimes patients, and sometimes Certain themes are common to many of these definitions > Nursing is caring. > Nursing isan an, > Nursing i a science clients. > Nursing is client centered. Nursing is holistic > Nursing is adaptive > Nursing is concerned wit health promotion, health maintenance, and health restoration > Nursing is a helping professionBA cosine ee iadividual, a >A patient is a person who is Groups of - people, ora waiting for or undergoing medical = ‘community that uses a service treatment and care. The word Gf community, People who use patient comes from a Latin word] ean eaeetrieatucis oF Services meaning "to suffer” or "to bear are consumers of health care. > Traditionally, the person receiving | health care has been called a patient. Scope of nursing Nurses provide care for three types of clients: individuals, families, and communities eo > A client is a person who engages th advice or services of another who is qualified to provide this service. > The term client presents the receivers of health care as collaborators in the care, that is, as people who are also responsible for their own health ‘Nursing practice involves four areas: promoting health and wellness, preventit illness, restoring health, and care of the dying,ey 1.Promoting Health and Well > Wellness is a state of wellbeing. 1¢ means engaging in attitudes and behavior that enhance the quality of life and maximize personal potential. 2.Preventing Illness > The goal of illness preventing programs is ‘maintain optimal health by preventing disease. ‘of sexually transmitted disease prever > Nursing activites that prevent illness includ immunizations, prenatal and. infant care, and > Nurses pro te wel yess in cients who are bath healthy and ill dual and community activities to enhance healthy lifestyles, improving on and physical and alcohol abuse, preventing aecid ‘workplace. ness, preventing dru smoking, and nd injury in the home and 3.Restoring Health, > focuses on the il elient and it extends from carly detection of disease through helping client during the recovery periodNursing Activities Include the followings > Providing direet eare (o the ill person, suc administering medications, baths, and speci procedures and treatments. > Performing diagnostic and assessment procedures, such as measuring blood pressure and examining feces for occult blood 4.Care of the Dying This area of nursing practice involves comforting and caring for people of all ages who are dying. it includes ey helping clients live as comfortably as possible until death and helping ‘Support person cope with death. 3 > Consulting with other health car client problems. > Teaching sliemts about recovery st ‘exercises that will acceler > Rehabilitating clients to their optin level following physical or mental ln chemical addiction jettings for Nursing Inthe past, the acute care hospital was the! main practice setting open to most nuts Today many nurses work in hospitals, but _ increasingly they work in clients homes, community agencies, ambulatory clinies, long-term care, health maintenance 4) organization (HMOs), and nursing + practice centers.> Nurses have different degree of nursing autonomy and nursing responsibility in the various settings. > They may provide direet eare, teach clients and support persons, serve as ‘Nursing Advocates and agents of change, and help determine health policies affecting consumers in the ‘community and in hospitals. > Provide direction for professional nursing practice. > Provide a framework for the evaluation of nursing practice. > Define the profession's accountability to the public and client outcomes for which nurses are responsible. vs eC | > Reflect the v e Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice > Establishing and implementing standards of practice are major functions of a professional organization. ‘The standards: falues and priorities of the nursing profession. Practice: > Assessment: The nurse collects patient health data. > Diagnosis: The nurse analyzes the assessment data in > ificatio The nurse identifies expected outcomes individualized to the patient> Planning: the nurse develops a plan of care that prescribes interventions to attain expected ‘outcomes. > Implementation: the nurse implements the interventions identified in the plan of care > Evaluation: the nurse evaluates the patients progress toward attainment of outcomes. Roles and Functions of th Nurse Caregiver pron > Caregiver encompasses the physical psychosocial, developmental, ca vn spiritual levels. The nursing process. prosies nurses with a framework for providing care. a furse may provide care directly or delegate it (0 ‘other caregivers. ‘Communication is integral to all nursing voles Nurses communicate with the client, support persons, other health professionals, and people i 1s learn about ther > Teacher, the nurse helps i health and the health care procedures they need i vaintain their health, perform to restPy client Advocate acs to protect he Bee tisis and help them speak ap fon hes. >» Counselor Geunsling ith roses of ing ln recognize and cope with sirsstul po choisglc oe Seca problems, fo develop improved Imesee a relationships. and to promote personal grove fr involves providing emotional, int psychological support Manager > The nurse manages the nursing care of dividuals, families, and communities. The nurse manager also delegates nursing activities to other nurses, and Supervises and evaluates their performance. > Managing requires knowledge about ‘organizational structure and dynamics, authority and accountability. leadership, delegation and supervision and evaluation, > The nurse acts as a change contin system, >A leader influences others 10 work to accomplish a specific family, groups of clients, colle: community Case Manager > Nurses case managers work with the ‘multidiseiplinary health care team to measure the effectiveness of the case management plan and to monitor outcomes. Fach agency oF unit specifies the role of the nurse case > Research consumer research to improve client int when gist others, that is, clients, to make modifications their own behavior. Nurses also often act tc mah changes in a system, such as clinical care, ‘fit not helping a client return to health. Nurses ly dealing with change in the health al. The leader role can employed at different levels: individual clientExpanded career roles Ina clinical area, Nurses need t ie > Have awareness of the process and » such as those of nurse practitioner, clinic: language of research, specialist, nurse midwife, nurse educator. Be sensiti seco hs : researcher, and nurse anesthetist, all of whit eg manntions allow greater independence and autonomy. > Identification of significant researchable problems, > Bea discriminating consumer of research, indings.