STARS-NKL REVIEW SERVICES AND CONSULTANCY
''Home of Successful Examinees''
CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION
Prepared By: Ms. Christina Mae M. Laguda RCrim.
CSE
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION
CORRECTION Pillar it undertakes the reformation
and rehabilitation of offenders for their eventual
absorption into the social and economic streams
of the community, through institutional and non-
institutional or community-based treatment
programs.
Correction is a branch of the Criminal Justice
System concerned with the custody, supervision
and rehabilitation of offenders.
CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION – the study
and practice of a systematic management of jails
or prisons and other institution concerned with the
custody, treatment and rehabilitation of criminal
offenders.
Penology comes from two (2) words:
The term “Peno” is derived from the Greek Word
“Poine” as well as from the Latin word “Poena”
both terms means “pain or suffering”.
It is the study of punishment of crime or of criminal
offenders. It includes the study of control and
prevention of crime through punishment of criminal
offenders.
-It is that branch of criminology which study
punishment for crime or criminal offenders.
PENAL MANAGEMENT – refers to the manner or
practice of managing or controlling places of
confinement as jails or prisons.
Two System Approaches to Correction
As 4th pillars of Criminal Justice System the
Philippine Correction Pillar at present has two
system based approaches, the institutional based
and the non institutional based, they are being run
by three (3) departments of the executive branch of
government.
The Department of Justice (DOJ) takes care of the
national prisoner.
The Department of Interior and Local Government
(DILG) takes care of municipal, city and provincial
prisoner.
The Department of Social Welfare & Development
(DSWD) which take care of youth offenders. CICL
The Board of Pardons & Parole (BPP) EVALUATE
(CONDUCT) GRANTS (PAROLE) and RECOMMEND
to the President prisoners who are qualified for
parole, pardon and other forms of executive
clemency.
The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA)
exercises INVESTIGATION and general
SUPERVISION over all parolees & probationers &
promotes correction and rehabilitation of offenders
outside prison institution.
Justification of Punishment
1. Retribution – (Personal vengeance)
Sometimes termed as Retaliation the punishment
should be provided by the state whose sanction is
violated, to afford the society or the individual the
opportunity of imposing upon the offender suitable
punishment as might by enforced.
2. Expiation or Atonement – it is punishment in
the form of group vengeance where the purpose is
to appease the offended public or group.
3. Deterrence – punishment gives lesson to the
offender by showing to others what would happen
to them if they violate the law.
4. Incapacitation and Protection – Punishment is
effected by placing offenders in prison so that
society will be ensured from their further criminal
activities.
5. Reformation or Rehabilitation – it is the
establishment of the usefulness and responsibility
of the offender.
Contemporary Forms of Punishment
1. Destierro – the penalty of banishing a person
from the place where he committed a crime,
prohibiting him to get near or enter the 25-
kilometer perimeter but not more than 250
kilometer perimeter radius.
2. Imprisonment – putting the offender in prison
for the purpose of protecting the public against
criminal activities and at the same time
rehabilitation the prisoners by requiring them to
undergo institutional treatment programs.
3. Fine – an amount given as a compensation for a
criminal act.
4. Probation – a disposition whereby a defendant
after conviction of an offense, is released subject
to conditions imposed by the releasing court and
under the supervision of a probation officer.
5. Parole – a conditional release of a prisoner after
serving part of his/her minimum sentence in prison
facility.
Ordeal – is the church’s substitute for a trial until
the 13th century wherein guilt or innocence was
determined by the ability of the accused of being
unscathed through dangerous and painful tests.
Charlemagne – gave bishops the power to act as
real judges enabled Bishops Tribunal.
The Holy Inquisition – a general label for a
succession of Roman Catholic Tribunal charged
with the detection of punishment of heresy.
POPE LEO I – first pope to fully express approval
for killings otherwise human and divine law would
be subverted
PRISCILLIAN – 1ST Christian who was put to death
for being heretic
POPE GREGORY IX – made part to the Canon Law
the burning of the non-believers at the stake in
1231.
POPE INNOCENT – officially introduced torture to
the Inquisition procedure in 1252.
Wergild – “man-money” payment according to
value of the victim to his family.
Friendsgild – practice of paying restitution to the
crown, in addition to individual for crime.
13TH Century – Securing Sanctuary
In the 13th century a criminal could avoid
punishment by claiming refugee in a church for a
period of 40 days, at the end of which time he is
compelled to leave the realm by a road or path
assigned to him.
16th Century – Transportation of criminals in
England was authorized. At the end of the 16th
century Russia and other European countries
followed this system. It partially relieved
overcrowding of prisons. Transportation was
abandon in 1826.
17th Century to late 18th Century – Death penalty
became prevalent as a form of punishment.
Public Humiliation – putting the offender into
shame. Many corporal punishment were carried
out in public, primarily to deter other potential
lawbreakers.
CHAIN GANGS – prisons are chained together and
work in public projects.
Garrote – (iron collar) this became popular when 3
friar’s priest were executed in 1872 by the Spanish
in 1872 by the Spanish colonial.
Musketry OR FUSILLADING – Dr. Jose Rizal died
due to the alleged rebellion to the Spanish
government. Lim Seng met his death sentence by
firing squad in 1973 at Fort Bonifacio.
Electric Chair – The Muntinlupa electric chair have
claimed more than 70 lives convicted of capital
offenses since its installation 4 decades ago.
(Marcelo San Jose, 1976)
Lethal Injection – Developed in 1924 by an
anesthesiologist in Nevada, while the 1987
constitution abolished death sentence, however
Congress in 1996 passed RA 7659 as amended by
RA 8177 that imposes death penalty for heinous
crime by lethal injection.
What was the law that revert the manner of
execution among death convict?
The R.A. No. 7659 is known as an Act Imposing the
Death Penalty was later amended by R.A. No. 8177,
which change the mode of execution from electric
thru lethal injection.
Sodium Thiopenthotal - induce sleep
Pancuronium Bromide - paralyze muscles and
lungs
Potassium Chloride - stop the heart beat
Death row syndrome is a psychological disorder
that inmates on death row can go through when
they are put in isolation. Inmates on death row
syndrome face suicidal attempts and psychotic
delusions.
PIONEERS OF CORRECTIONAL REFORM
KING HENRY II Mandated that there must be a jail
in every country shire headed by its sheriff;
Jails were called gaols (French word of jails) (Jaula
or caula – Spanish)
JOHN HOWARD Wrote a book entitled “The State
of the Prisons in England and Wales” which makes
him known as ONE OF THE GREATEST PRISON
REFORMER; Father of Prison Reform;
Coined the term “penitentiary” which came from
the root word “penitence” means “feeling of deep
sadness of commit a wrong act”.
WILLIAM PENN Responsible to the abolition of
death penalty; Brought the concept of humanitarian
treatment of offender in Atlantic.
CHARLES MONTESQUIEU - A French historian who
analyzed law as an expression of justice;
Believed that harsh punishment would undermine
morality and that appealing to moral sentiments is
a better means of preventing crime;
The Reformatory Movement
(a) Manuel Montesinos (1835) – he was the
Director of Prisons at Valencia, Spain in 1835, who
divided prisoners into companies and appointed
prisoners as Petty Officers in charge; allowed
reduction of the inmates sentence by one third (1/3)
for good behavior, offered training to prepare the
convicts for return to society. (GCTA)
(b) Domets of France (1839) – established an agri-
cultural colony for delinquent boys in 1839,
providing house fathers as in charge of these boys.
He concentrated on re-education, upon their
discharge, the boys were placed under the
supervision of a patron.
(c) Alexander Maconochie (1840) – as
Superintendent of the Penal Colony at Norfolk
Island in Australia (1840) who introduced the “Mark
System”. A system in which a prisoner is required
to earn a number of marks based on proper
department, labor and study in order to entitle him
for a ticket for leave or conditional release which is
similar to parole. Known as the “ticket of leave”.
(d) Sir Walter Crofton (1854) – he was the Director
of the Irish Prisons in 1854 who introduced the
“Irish System”, which was later on called the
progressive stage system. The Irish system was
actually a modification of Maconochie's work
system.
(e) Zebulon R. Brockway (1876) – he was the
Director of the Elmira Reformatory in New York in
1876 who introduced a new institutional program
for boys, 16 to 30 years of age, such as:
a. training school type
b. compulsory education of prisoners
c. casework methods
d. extensive use of parole
e. indeterminate sentence (which leads to parole
system)
Elmira Reformatory is considered forerunner of
modern penology because it had all the elements
of modern system.
(f) Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise – was the Director of
English Prisons who opened the Borstal Institution
after visiting Elmira Reformatory in 1897, such as
Borstal Institutions is today considered as the best
reform institutions for young offenders. This
system was based entirely on the individualized
treatment.
Elizabeth Fry - (1780-1845) was the most famous
of Quaker reformer. Reforms such as the
separation of women and children from men
people. “Angel’s of Prison”
Early Prisons
Mamertine Prison – the only early Roman place of
confinement which is built under the main sewer of
Rome in 64 B.C.
An underground prison by Roman King Ancus
Martius.
New Gate Prison - An abandoned copper-mine
located at Sinsbury, Connecticut, the inmates are
confined underground and was considered as
black hole of horrors. Built in the early 1188
mandated by King Henry and later became the
London’s main prison. Gallows (a structure wherein
the criminals were sentenced to death.)
LE STINCHE - The first public prison in Europe
constructed in 1297 on Florence, Italy.
Bridewell Workhouse (1557) – the most popular
workhouse in London. It was built for the
employment and housing of English prisoners. First
House of Correction.
GALLEYS - long, low, narrow, single decked ships
propelled by sails, usually rowed by criminals. A
type of ship used for transportation of criminals in
the 16th century.
HULKS - decrepit transport, former warships used
to house prisoners in the 18th and 19th century.
Abandoned warships converted into prisons, also
called “floating hells”.
Gaols (jails) – pre-trial detention facilities operated
by English Sheriff
1703 – ST. MICHAEL PRISONS Pope Clement XI
built a Hospicio de San Michelle in Rome, designed
for incorrigible youths under 20 years of age, and
which is the first home for delinquent boys ever
established.
Walnut Street Jail – originally constructed as a
detention jail in Philadelphia. It was converted into
state prison and became the first American
Penitentiary. In this prison, the separate and silence
penitential philosophy of John Howard was
introduced.
AUBURN SYSTEM – “congregate system”. The
prisoner are confined in their own cells during the
night and congregate work in shops during the day.
Complete silence was enforced. They are also
required to read Bible.
PENNSYLVANIA SYSTEM – “solitary system”.
Prisoner are confined in single cells during the
night where they lived, they slept, and they ate and
receive religious instructions. Complete silence
was also enforced.
Sing Sing Prisons - It was build by ELAM LYND in
1825. Its the real prison model where strict silence
was enforced among the inmates that even the
movement of their lips would result them to being
beaten and flogged. Formerly Ossining Correctional
Facility
ELMIRA REFORMATORY - Otherwise known as “the
Hill”; Considered as the forerunner of modern
penology;
Alcatraz - a US federal penitentiary, Often referred
to as "The Rock", the small island of Alcatraz was
developed with facilities for a lighthouse, a military
fortification, a military prison (1868), and a federal
prison from 1933 until 1963.
Clarence Anglin, John Anglin and Frank Morris.Is an
island in San Francisco Bay; Considered as first
prison without wall;
Now open as the Golden Gate National Recreation
Area.
James Bennett - Director of Federal Bureau of
Prisons who wrote about the closing of Alcatraz
Prison.
TUOL SLENG PRISON (S-21) - One of the most
notorious prisons in Cambodia; Looks like
mountain-size file of human skull and bones.
Millbank Penitentiary (1812-1821) – Due to the
effort and revelations of the terrible conditions of
English gaols By Crusader, John Howard and the
new theories, the construction of the Millbank
Penitentiary was started In 1812, and was finished
in 1821 as the first English Prison.
GULAG – the term Gulag of Igorot Mountain tribe
according to linguist, refers to a wooden-fence
where convicted felons were imprisoned by the
elders. At the height of the Banaue Rice Terraces
construction the Tribe Chieftains considers it a
crime for any able-bodied male who refuses to
work at the terraces, if found guilty of such
idleness he will be sent to the Gulag.
THE GULAG OF GERMANY – this is the infamous
Gulag prison of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn in Germany,
where thousands of Jews were man-slaughtered
during the reign of Adolf Hitler. (2017CLE)
THE GULAG OF RUSSIA – it is a corrective
acronym for corrective labor camp, a penal
institution established in 1918 after Russian
Revolution. It was the most feared prison during
the reign of Joseph Stalin between 1934 to 1947.
Underground cistern or The Maine State Prison -
Contained cells in the pits used to detain offenders
undergoing trial in some cases and to hold
sentenced offenders where whey will be starved to
death. These pits were entered through an iron
gate in the ceiling and were used as late as 1828.
First Women's Prison - opened in Indiana 1873.
Based on the reformatory model. Indiana Women’s
Prison. Sarah J. Smith
The Golden Age of Penology - The period from
1870 to 1880
LOCK-UP JAIL - Is a security facility, common to
police stations, for the temporary detention of
persons held for investigation.
ORDINARY JAIL - Houses both offenders awaiting
court action and those serving sentence usually up
to three (3) years.
WORKHOUSE OR JAIL FARM OR CAMP HOUSE -
Houses minimum custody offenders who are
serving short sentences or those who are
undergoing constructive work programs.
What is law creating the Bureau of Prisons?
It is found on Revised Administrative Code, sec.
1705 to 1751 otherwise known as “ Prison Law”
What is the new name of Bureau of Prison?
It was renamed to Bureau of Correction under E.O.
292 known as the “Administrative Code” which was
passed during Aquino administration dated
November 22, 1989.
Who spearheaded the BuCor? The head of the
BuCor is the Director of Prisons who is appointed
by the President with the confirmation of the
Commission on Appointments.
What is the title/rank of the officers who manage
each prisons? The rank is Superintendent.
BUCOR
Revised Administrative Code “Prison Law”sec.1705
-1751
Bilibid Prison – The Old Bilibid Prison, then known
as Carcel y Presidio Correccional ("Correctional Jail
and Military Prison") occupied a rectangular piece
of land that was part of the Mayhalique Estate in
the heart of Manila.
1st national penitentiary in the country
Carcel (jail) – designed to house 600 prisoners
who were segregated according to class, sex and
crime
Presidio (prison) – can accommodate 527
prisoners.
Colonial Penal De San Ramon/ San Ramon Prison
and Penal Farm - Opened by Capt. Ramon Blanco
Copra is the principal product/ 1,414 hectares/
1546 hectares/ (Royal decree in 1869)
Established on August 21, 1870 to confine Muslim
rebels and political prisoners opposed to the
Spanish rule.
Considered the oldest penal facility in the country,
prisoners in San Ramon were required to do
agricultural work. Located in Southern Zamboanga
Iwahig Prison Penal Colony - “Prison without Walls”
Tagumpay settlement – 1,000 hectare prisons
homestead
November 16, 1904 made by order of Gov. Forbes,
through suggestion of Gov. Luke Wright.
Iuhit Penal Farm
Lt. George Wolfe - First Superintendent of Iwahig
Prison and Penal Farm.
Became the First Prison Director
Iwahig is subdivided into four zones or
districts: Central sub-colony with an area of 14,700
hectares; Sta. Lucia with 9,685 hectares; Montible
with 8,000 hectares and Inagawan with 13,000
hectares (45, 000)
New Bilibid Prison - January 22, 1941 when the
name NBP was first used. Muntinlupa (587 hec.)
The prison compound proper had an area of 300 x
300 meters or a total of nine hectares;
It was surrounded by three layers of barbed wire; It
is where lethal injection is located
MAXIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND at NBP main
building (18-25 ft.)
Houses death convicts, inmates sentenced to life
term, numerous pending cases, multiple
convictions, and those sentenced to more than 20
years; and
Inmates wear TANGERINE UNIFORM.
MEDIUM SECURITY CAMP
2.5 kilometers from the main building;
Known as Camp Sampaguita;
Where Youth Detention Center is located; and
Inmates wear BLUE UNIFORM.
MINIMUM SECURITY CAMP
Known as Camp Bukang Liwayway;
With 8-12 feet
Inmates wear BROWN UNIFORM.
HALFWAY HOUSE - For those who will be released;
and
JUVENILE TRAINING CENTER
Davao Penal Colony and Farm (Davao Penal
Colony) - Act No. 3732 Jan. 21, 1932
Located at Tagum, Davao Del Norte/ Sub colonies:
Kapalong and Panabo
“Tanglaw Settlement” – homestead of prisoner/
Gen. Paulino Santos
Sablayan Prison and Penal Colony (Occ. Mindoro)
- Proc. 72, Sept. 27, 1954 (16, 190hec)
Sub-colony (Pasugui, Central, Pusog and Yapang
Leyte Regional Prison - Established a year after the
Martial Law of 1972.
Prison admits convicted offenders in Region IV and
from New Bilibid Prison, it has a land area of 861
hectares.
Maximum, medium and minimum facilities
Correctional Institution for Women - Act # 3579
first opened on a 18-hectare November 27, 1929.
“Women's Prisons” Mandaluyong
CIW MINDANAO (Sub colony of Davao Prison
particularly Panabo) - Sept 18, 2007
Reception and Diagnostic Center / Now is
DIRECTORATE FOR RECEPTION AND
DIAGNOSTICS - Special unit of prison (Camp
Sampaguita) where new prisoners undergo
diagnostic examination, study and observation for
the purpose of determining the programs of
treatment and training best to their needs and the
institution to which they should be transferred.
Quarantine Cell or Unit (5 days) - The section of
RDC where the prisoner is given thorough physical
examination including blood test, x rays,
vaccination and immunity.
After quarantine period, the inmate shall remain in
the Reception and Diagnostic Center for a period
not exceeding fifty-five (55) days where the inmate
shall undergo psychiatric, psychological,
sociological, vocational, educational and religious
and other examinations. (ADMISSION SUMMARY)
Prisonization – the process by which an inmate
learns through socialization, the rules and
regulations of the prison culture.
Safekeeping – the temporary custody of person for
his own protection, safety, or care and/or his
security from harm, injury or danger for the liability
he has committed.
1.DETENTION PRISONERS (DETAINEE) The
inmate is a detention prisoner if he/she is:
Undergoing criminal investigation;
Awaiting or undergoing trial; or
Awaiting final judgment.
2. SENTENCED PRISONERS
Those that were already convicted by final
judgment by a competent court.
A judgment will become final under the following
instances:
After the lapse of perfecting an appeal, which is 15
days upon promulgation of judgment;
When the sentence has been partially or totally
satisfied or served;
When the accused expressly waives in writing his
right to appeal; or
When the accused applies for probation.
CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCED PRISONERS
NATIONAL OR INSULAR PRISONERS
Those sentenced to suffer a term of sentence of 3
years and 1 day to life imprisonment;
Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment
cited above but appealed the judgment and unable
to file a bond for their temporary liberty.
PROVINCIAL PRISONERS
Those persons sentenced to suffer a term of
imprisonment from 6 months and 1 day to 3 years
or a fine not more than 1000 pesos or both;
Those detained therein waiting for preliminary
investigation of their cases cognizable by the RTC.
CITY PRISONERS
Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment
from 1 day to 3 years or a fine not more than 1,000
pesos or both;
Those detained therein whose cases are filed with
the MTC.
MUNICIPAL PRISONERS
Those confined in municipal jails to serve an
imprisonment from 1 day to 6 months;
Those detained therein whose trials of their cases
are pending with the MTC.
CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS ACCORDING TO
DEGREE OF SECURITY
SUPER MAXIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS - Special
group of prisoners composed of incorrigible,
intractable, and highly dangerous persons.
MAXIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS - Could be
dangerous to the public or to the security of the
state thereby;
* Movements are restricted; Regarded as highly
dangerous;
* They are not allowed to work outside the
institution but rather assigned to industrial shops
within the prison in the compound; Remanded
inmates or detainees with 20 years minimum
sentence;
* Sentence under appeal/Sentence under review by
the Supreme Court;
Criminally insane or with severe personality
disorder or emotional disorder; or
*Inmates still confined at RDC
Medium Security Inmate (BLUE) - They cannot be
trusted in open condition and posses lesser danger
than the maximum. They may be allowed to work
outside the fence or walls of the penal institution,
but under guards or escorts. They occupy the
Medium Security Prison (Camp Sampaguita).
* Less than 20 years minimum sentence;
* Remanded inmates or detainees below 20 years
sentence;
* 18 years and below regardless of case or
sentence;
* Those who have 2 or more escape records but
has served 8 years since recommitment;
* Those first time offender sentenced to life
imprisonment who have served at least five years
as maximum security.
Minimum Security Inmate (BROWN) - They can be
reasonably trusted to serve sentence under open
conditions without the presence of guards. They
occupy the Minimum Security Prison (Camp
Bukang Liwayway).
* They wear brown color uniforms.
* Those with severe physical handicap as certified
by the chief prison medical officer;
* 65 years old and above and not on appeal or
without pending case;
* Those who have served at least ½ of their
minimum sentence or 1/3 of their maximum
sentence excluding GCTA;
* Those with only 6 months to serve before
expiration of maximum sentence.
Classification of inmates as to entitlement to
privileges
Third class inmate – one who has either previously
committed for three (3) or more times as a
sentenced inmate, except those imprisoned for non
-payment of a fine and those who had been
reduced from a higher class;
Second class inmate – a newly arrived inmate; an
inmate demoted from first class; or one promoted
from third class;
First class inmate – one whose known character
and credit for work while in detention earned
assignment to this class upon commencement of
sentence; or one who has been promoted from
second class; SKILLED PRISONER
Colonist - The Director may upon recommendation
of the Classification Board, classify an inmate who
has the following qualifications as a colonist:
Be at least a first class inmate and has served one
(1) year immediately preceding the completion of
the period specified in the following classification.
Privileges of a colonist:
Credit of an additional GCTA of five (5) days each
calendar month while he restrains said
classification aside from the regular GCTA
authorized under Art. 97 of the Revised Penal Code;
Automatic reduction of the life sentence imposed
on the colonist to a sentence of thirty (30) years;
Commitment Order - is an act of sending a person
to prison by means of such order.
The entrusting for confinement of an inmate to a
jail by competent authority for investigation, trial or
service of sentence.
Mittimus - is a warrant issued by the court after
conviction to carry out the final judgment, such as
commanding a prison warden to hold the accused,
in accordance with the terms of the judgment.
A warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and the
signature of the judge, directing the jail or prison
authorities to receive inmates for custody or
service of sentence imposed therein.
Carpeta – refers to the institutional record of an
inmate which consists of his/her
Mittimus/commitment order, the prosecutor’s
information and the decision of the trial court,
including that the appellate court if any.
Prison record – refers to information concerning
an
inmates’ personal circumstances,
the offense he committed,
the sentence imposed,
the criminal case numbers in the trial and appellate
courts,
the date he commenced service of his sentence,
the date he was received for confinement, the
place of confinement,
the date of expiration of his sentence,
the number of previous convictions,
Contraband – any article, item or thing prohibited
by law and/or forbidden by jail rules.
Nuisance Contraband - Those that may not be
classified as illegal under the Philippine laws but
are forbidden by jail rules i.e. cellphone, money or
other commodities of exchange such as jewelry,
appliances and gadgets, excessive wearing
apparels and sleeping paraphernalia
Illegal Contraband - Are those that are unlawful in
themselves and not because of some extraneous
circumstances.
Blue Flu – the practice of uniformed personnel of
taking sick leave (EN MASSE) to back-up their
demands for improved working conditions, salary
increments and other items on their agenda.
RA 10575 – An Act Strengthening the Bureau of
Corrections (BuCor) and providing Funds Therefor,
otherwise known as the Bureau of Corrections Act
of 2013.
ORGANIZATION AND KEY POSITIONS OF THE
BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
BUCOR shall be headed by a Director who shall be
assisted by three (3) Deputy Directors:
*one (1) for Administration
*one (1) for Security and Operations
*one (1) for Reformation, all of whom shall be
appointed by the President upon the
recommendation of the Secretary of the
DOJ: Provided, That the Director and the Deputy
Directors of the BUCOR shall serve a tour of duty
not to exceed six (6) years from the date of
appointment.
The Head of the BUCOR, with the rank of
Undersecretary, shall have the position and title of
Director General of Corrections.
APPOINTMENT OF PERSONNEL TO THE BUCOR
Corrections Officer I to Corrections Chief
Superintendent – Appointed by the Director
General of Corrections, and attested by the Civil
Service Commission (CSC)
Director General of Corrections and Deputy
Director of Corrections – Appointed by the
President upon the recommendation of the
Secretary of the DOJ, with the proper endorsement
by the Chairman of the CSC.
Custodial PERSONNEL TO INMATE RATIO 1:7
Reformation PERSONNEL TO INMATE RATIO
1:24
 Furlough – authorization that permits inmate to
leave containment for emergency family crises,
usually accompanied by correctional officer include
visiting “death-bed”.
Application to view the remains of a deceased
relative; supporting documents
A minimum or medium security inmate may, upon
written application, be allowed by the
Superintendent to view the remains of the following
relatives upon written application and submission
of the original or certified true copies of death
certificate, the burial permit and the documents
specified hereunder;
Wife or husband – marriage certificate
Child – birth certificate of child and marriage
certificate of the inmate
NBP/CIW - 1 day
Penal Colony - 2 days
Jail - 3 days
than thirty (30) kilometers, the privilege may be
extended if the inmate can leave and return to his
place of confinement during the daylight hours of
the same day.
Rights of an inmate
To receive compensation for labor he performs;
To be credited with time allowances for good
conduct and loyalty;
To send and receive mail matter;
To practice his religion or observe his faith;
To receive authorized visitors;
Prison labor of finally convicted inmate - A finally
convicted able-bodied inmate may be required to
work at least eight (8) hours a day, except on
Sundays and legal holidays
Who may grant Good Conduct Time Allowance
(GCTA)?
The Director may grant GCTA to an inmate who
displays good behavior and who has no record of
breach of discipline or violation of prison rules
and regulations.

GCTA RPC RA 10592

Special Time Allowance for Loyalty – a
deduction of 1/5 shall be granted to an inmate
who after evading sentence on the occasion of
the disorder resulting from the conflagration,
earthquake, explosion or similar catastrophe, or
DIR. of BUCOR,
during a mutiny in which he has not
participated, gives himself up voluntarily to the
Granting Prison Director Chief BJMP,
authorities within 48 hours following the
issuance of a proclamation announcing the
Authority Warden of Provincial,
passing away of such calamity.
Note: A deduction of 2/5 shall be granted for
District, City and
the prisoner who choose to stay
Municipal Jail
notwithstanding of the calamity.
R.A 10592
Article 29 – period of preventive imprisonment
Article 94 – partial extinction of criminal liability.
First 2 years 5 days each month 20 days each month
Article 97 – allowance for good conduct
Article 98 – special time allowance for loyalty
3 – 5 years 8 days each month 23 days each month Collection and delivery of mail - The mail
officer shall collect and deliver mail matters on
6 – 10 years 10 days each month 25 days each month daily basis, Monday through Friday. An inmate
shall be advised to claim his mail if he fails to
11 years 15 days each month 30 days each month
claim his letter within twenty-four (24) hours
after it is received in prison.
onwards Use of telephone - All offender who
demonstrate good behavior shall earn one
Duration of privilege
telephone call to an authorized individual every
The inmate may be allowed three (3) hours to view
ninety (90) days. In such a case, telephone call
the deceased relative in the place where the
shall be monitored and shall have duration not
remains lie in state but shall not be allowed to pass
exceeding five (5) minutes. When making the call,
any other place in transit, or to join the funeral
the inmate shall identify himself as an inmate.
cortege.
Conjugal visits - A male inmate may enjoy conjugal
Distance of travel
visits from his spouse in prison where there are
The privilege may be enjoyed only if the deceased
facilities therefore under such conditions as may
is in a place within a radius of thirty (30) kilometers
be prescribed by the Director. (In Jail, Male or
by road from prison. Where the distance is more
Female PDL is allowed, usually an hour, maximum
of 2 hours)
Guidelines in conducting Visual Body Cavity
Search
Males: have them raise their scrotum allowing the
officer to view underneath
Females: have them raise their breast. Squat her
down and cough. This dislodged anything hidden in
the vaginal cavity
BOARD OF DISCIPLINE IN PRISON - Director shall
establish in each prison to hear cases involving an
inmate who violates prison rules. It shall be
presided by over by the Assistant Superintendent.
It shall decide cases referred to it within 5 working
days after the termination of hearing.
PROHIBITED ACTS IN PRISON
*Participating in illegal sexual act
*Openly or publicly displaying photograph, picture,
drawing or other pictorial representations of person
engaged in sexual acts, lewd or obscene
exhibitions of the genitals
*Possessing an article that posses threat to prison
security
*Giving gifts, selling or engaging in barter with
prison personnel
*Maligning or insulting any religion and gambling
*Rendering personal service to or requiring
personnel services from a fellow inmate.
*Exchanging uniform with another inmate or
wearing a uniform other than those officially issued
to him.
*Using profane, vulgar or obscene language or
making loud or unusual noise of any kind.
*Loitering in prison compound
Confinement in disciplinary cells is from 1 to 2
months depending upon the gravity of the offense
committed.
Infant born by a CIW inmate - An infant born while
the mother is serving sentence may be allowed to
stay with the mother for a period of not exceeding
1 year.
Release of foreign national - The Director shall
notify the Commissioner of Immigration of the
release of an inmate who is a foreign national. At
least 30 days before the approximate date of
release.
Release of inmate with pending criminal case -
the Director shall inform the court where the case
is pending of the inmate’s discharge from prison at
least 30 days before the actual release. In the
proper case, the Director shall turn over the inmate
to the proper court where the inmate has pending
criminal case for disposition.
Prohibit release of the inmates before and after
election - The Director shall not order or allow an
inmate to leave prison 60 days before and 30 days
after an election except for valid or legal reasons.
Separation and Placement Center - An inmate shall,
30 days before his scheduled release, be transfer
to prepare him for reentry into free society.
Pre-released seminar - All inmates eligible for
release shall undergo a one day seminar in
preparation for his life outside prison.
Inmate’s count – A head count of inmates shall be
conducted four times a day (in Prison, but in Jail 5
to 6 times for 24 hours) or as often as necessary to
ensure that all inmates are duly accounted for. To
verify his presence, the jail officer “must hear his
voice and see his flesh”.
Riots and other prison disturbances – In the event
of riots or other prison disturbances, all officials
and employees of the prison where the incident
occurs shall be placed on 24 hour alert.
Sounding of alarm – Whenever a riot alarm is
sounded, either by siren, bell or gun fire, all inmates
shall be ordered to lie flat on the ground, face down
and with arms and legs spread out.
1st group – this is the initial wave of anti-riot
assault contingent who shall be armed with wicker
shields, protective headgear, gas masks, and night
sticks or batons, when these are available. The
objective of this group are to disperse the rioters
and get their leaders.
2nd group – this is the back up force of the 1st
group who shall be equipped with tear gas guns
and gas grenades.
3rd group – this is composed of guards who are
trained in the proper handling and use of firearms.
Under the direct command of the guard-in-charge,
they shall provide covering fire to the first two
groups.
Provincial Jail System - First established in 1910
under American Regime, every province were
mandated by the American Colonizer to
established their own provincial jail under
provincial government
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
Created on January 2, 1991 pursuant to Republic
Act 6975 sec. 60
*The BJMP exercises administrative and
operational jurisdiction over all district, city and
municipal jails.
*BJMP shall be respectively headed by a Chief
(Director)
*Assist by 2 Deputy Chief, one for administration
and one for operation (C/Supt)
RA 9263
SEC. 5. Appointment of Uniformed Personnel to
the BFP and the BJMP. — The appointment of
uniformed personnel to the BFP and the BJMP
shall be effected in the following manner:
a) Fire/Jail Officer I to Senior Fire/Jail Officer
IV. — Appointed by the respective Regional Director
for Fire Protection and Regional Director for Jail
Management and Penology for the regional office
uniformed personnel or by the respective Chief of
the Fire Bureau and Chief of the Jail Bureau for the
national headquarters office uniformed personnel,
and attested by the Civil Service Commission (CSC);
b) Fire/Jail inspector to Fire/Jail Superintendent.
— Appointed by the respective Chief of the Fire
Bureau and Chief of the Jail Bureau, as
recommended by their immediate superiors, and
attested by the CSC;
c) Fire/Jail Senior Superintendent. — Appointed
by the Secretary of the DILG upon recommendation
of the respective Chief of the Fire Bureau and Chief
of the Jail Bureau, with the proper attestation of the
CSC; and
d) Fire/Jail Chief Superintendent to Fire/Jail
Director. — Appointed by the President upon,
recommendation of the Secretary of the DILG, with
the proper endorsement by the Chairman of the
CSC.
SEC. 6. Lateral Entry of Officers into the BFP and
the BJMP. — In general, all original appointments
of officers in the Fire Bureau and the Jail Bureau
shall commence with the rank of fire/jail inspector
wherein applicants for lateral entry into the BFP
shall include all those with highly specialized and
technical qualifications such as, but not limited to,
civil engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical
engineers, chemical engineers, chemists,
architects, criminologists, certified public accounts,
nurses, physical therapists, and dentists, while
applicant for lateral entry into the BJMP shall
include all those with highly specialized and
technical qualifications such as, but not limited to,
social workers, psychologists, criminologists,
teachers, nurses, dentist and engineers.
Doctors of medicines, members of the Philippine
Bar and chaplains shall be appointed to the rank of
fire/jail senior inspector in their particular technical
service. Graduates of the Philippine National Police
Academy (PNPA) shall be automatically appointed
to the initial rank of fire/jail inspector.
1) Municipal Jail Warden. — Should have the rank
of the senior inspector, who must have finished at
least second year Bachelor of Laws or earned at
least twelve (12) units in a master’s degree
program in management; public administration,
public safety, criminology, penology, sociology,
national security administration defense studies or
other related disciplines from a recognized
institution of learning, and must have satisfactorily
passed the necessary training or career courses for
such position as may be established by the Jail
bureau.
2) City Jail Warden. — Should have the rank of the
chief inspector, who must have finished at least
second year Bachelor of Laws or earned at least
twenty-four (24) units in a master’s degree
program in management, public administration,
public safety; criminology, penology, sociology,
national security administration, defense studies or
other related disciplines from a recognized
institution of learning, and must have satisfactorily
passed the necessary training or career courses for
such position as may be established by the Jail
Bureau: Provided, That in city jails with a population
of one thousand (1,000) or more inmates, the city
jail warden shall have the rank and qualifications of
a district jail warden;
3) District Jail Warden, Provincial Jail Administrator,
Assistant Regional Director for Administration,
Assistant Regional Director for Operations and
Regional Chief of Directorial Staff. — Should have
the rank of superintendent, who must be a
graduate of Bachelor of Laws or a holder of a
master’s degree in management, public
administration, public safety, criminology, penology,
sociology, national security administration, defense
studies or other related disciplines from a
recognized institution of learning, and must have
satisfactorily passed the necessary training or
career courses for such position as may be
established by the Jail Bureau;
4) Regional Director for Jail Management and
Penology and Director of the Directorate of the
National Headquarters Office. — Should have at
least the rank of senior superintendent, who must
be a graduate of Bachelor of Laws or a holder of a
master’s degree in management, public
administration, public safety, criminology, penology,
sociology, national security administration, defense
studies or other related disciplines from a
recognized institution of learning, and must have
satisfactorily passed the necessary training or
career courses for such position as may be
established by the Jail Bureau.
5) Deputy Chief for Administration of the Jail
Bureau, Deputy Chief for Operations of the Jail
Bureau and Chief of Directorial Staff of the Jail
Bureau. — Should have the rank of chief
superintendent, who must be a member of the
Philippine Bar or a holder of a master’s degree in
management, public administration, public safety,
criminology, penology, sociology, national security
administration, defense studies or other related
disciplines from a recognized institution of learning,
and must have satisfactorily passed the necessary
training or career courses for such position as may
be established by the Jail Bureau; and
6) Chief of the Jail Bureau. — Should have the rank
of director, who must be a member of the
Philippine Bar or a holder of a master’s degree in
management, public administration, public safety,
criminology, penology, sociology, national security
administration, defense studies or other related
disciplines from a recognized institution of learning,
and must have satisfactorily passed the necessary
training or career courses for such position as may
be established by the Jail Bureau.
Director Charles S. Mondejar - the first Chief of
BJMP. He took his oath of office on July 1 of
1991.
CLASSIFICATION - refers to assigning or to
grouping of inmates according to their respective
penalty, gender, age, nationality, health, criminal
records, etc.
DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE
CLASSIFICATION BOARD - tasked to conduct
background investigation of inmates to determine
the cell assignment, the appropriate rehabilitative
program, the type of supervision and degree of
custody and restrictions applicable to the inmate/s.
BJMP INMATES SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
High Profile Inmate - require increased security
based on intense media coverage or public concern
as a result of their offense
High Risk Inmate - those who are considered highly
dangerous
High Value Target (HVT) - either a resource or a
person, who may either be an enemy combatant,
high ranking official or a civilian in danger of
capture or death, typically in possession of critical
intelligence, data.
Security Threat Group - street gangs, prison gangs,
outlaw gangs, traditional organized crime,
aboriginal gangs.
Subversive Group - a group of persons that adopts
or advocates subversive principles or policies
tending to overthrow or undermine an established
government.
Terrorist Group - a group of persons that commits
any acts of terrorism
Violent Extremist Offender (VEO) - a person whose
political or religious ideologies are considered far
outside the mainstream
Medium Risk Inmates -those who represent a
moderate risk to the public and staff.
Minimum Risk Inmates (Ordinary Inmates) - those
inmates who have lesser tendencies to commit
offenses and generally pose the least risk to public
safety.
RECEPTION PROCEDURES
A. Gater - He or she checks the credentials of the
person bringing the inmate/the committing officer
to determine his/her identity and authority. Also, he
or she reviews the completeness of the following
documents before the person bringing an
inmate/the committing officer is allowed to enter
the facility. Certificate of Detention from PNP
and/or NBI. Medical Certificate – recent medical
certificate taken within 24 hours prior to admission;
Complaint/Information;
B. Records Unit- This unit examines the
completeness and authenticity of the requirements
for Commitment (Commitment Order, Booking
Sheet, Arrest Report and Information) before it
refers the inmate for physical examination by the
Health Unit.
C. Health Unit - Checks the authenticity of the
entries in the medical certificate; conducts
thorough physical examination of the inmate to
determine his or her true physical condition; and
asks searching questions to determine
injury/injuries found to have been sustained by the
inmate after the conduct of medical examination or
those injuries not diagnosed prior to commitment
in jail.
Records Unit -Receives the inmate and the
documents from the committing officer and
conducts the following: Start the booking
procedures. Accomplish the jail booking sheet.
*Facilitate the signing of the Detainee’s
Manifestation if he/she agrees to abide by the
same disciplinary rules imposed upon convicted
inmates. Otherwise, the warden issues a
certification under oath manifesting that the
inmate was apprised of the provision of Art 29 of
the RPC as amended and refused to abide by the
same. *Store all documents in the Inmate’s Carpeta
Strip-search- the inmate to check for any birth
marks, tattoos
Classification Process / Admission of an Inmate –
once the inmate has undergone the registration
process, he/she will be temporarily housed at the
Inmate Classification and Counseling Unit (ICCU) in
jails where it is available. Shall stay at minimum
period of 30 days but not exceeding 60 days
E. Property Custodian - Checks the inmate’s
belongings for presence of contraband. Discovery
of any contraband shall be treated in accordance
with existing policies.
F. Desk Officer - books the newly committed
inmate in the jail blotter; assigns the inmate to a
reception area, if any, where he/she shall be
scheduled for orientation on jail rules and
regulation.
G. Assistant Warden or Officer of the Day - Orients
the newly committed inmates on jail rules and
regulations using the Inmate’s Orientation Sheet.
H. Jail Warden - Coordinates with concerned
agencies regarding the case of inmate for speedy
disposition and to furnish them with copies of the
available needed documents.
Administrative Group under BJMP
General Service Branch – responsible for
preservation and repair of all jail amenities and
equipment
Budget & Finance Branch – responsible for
financial matter
*Selling or bartering with fellow inmate(s) those
items not classified as contraband
*Rendering personal service to fellow inmate(s)
*Untidy or dirty personal appearance
*Littering or failing to maintain cleanliness and
orderliness in his/her quarters and/or surroundings
LESS GRAVE OFFENSES
*Failure to report for work detail without sufficient
justification
*Failure to render assistance to an injured
personnel or inmate
*Failure to assist in putting out fires inside the jail
*Behaving improperly or acting boisterously during
religious, social and other group functions
*Swearing, cursing or using profane or defamatory
language directed at other persons
Property & Supply Branch – logistic
Mittimus Computing Branch – tasked to received
court decision, and compute the date of the full
completion of the service of sentence.
Records and Statistic Branch – keeps and
maintain booking sheets and arrest report, keep an
orderly record of fingerprint and photograph
Personnel Management Branch – assignment of
personnel, procedures and selection, preparation of
personnel report, record file
DISCIPLINARY BOARD - for the purpose of hearing
disciplinary cases involving any inmate who
violates jail rules and regulations.
DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DISCIPLINARY
BOARD - tasked to investigate the facts of an
alleged misconduct referred to it. It shall hold
sessions as often as necessary in a room, which
may be provided for the purpose. All cases
referred to it shall be heard and decided within forty
-eight (48) hours from the date of receipt of the
case.
MINOR OFFENSES
*Making frivolous or groundless complaints
*Taking the cudgels for or reporting complaints on
behalf of other inmates
*Reporting late for inmate formation and inmate
headcount without justifiable reasons
*Willful waste of food
*Malingering or pretending to be sick to skip work
assignment
*Spreading rumors or malicious intrigues to
besmirch the honor of any person, particularly
BJMP personnel
*Failure to stand at attention and give due respect
when confronted by or reporting to any BJMP
personnel
GRAVE OFFENSES
*Making untruthful statements or lies in any official
communication, transaction, or investigation
*Keeping or concealing keys or locks of places in *Shall serve as the last resort in addressing crisis
the jail which are off-limits to inmates in jail.

*Giving gifts, selling, or bartering items with jail *Shall augment the force during court hearings of
personnel high risk/high profile inmates and other similar
tasks.
*Keeping in his/her possession money, jewelry,
cellular phones or other communication devices *Escorts high ranking/key officers and other
and other items classified as contraband under the dignitaries of state.
rules
*Performs other task/functions as the Chief,
*Tattooing others or allowing him/her to be BJMP/Regional Director may direct.
tattooed on any part of the body, or keeping any
paraphernalia to be used in tattooing Viewing of remains – file a written request to the
warden at least three (3) days before the date of
Jail escape - An act of leaving from jail of an viewing. (not exceeding 3 hours)
inmate through unofficial and illegal ways or
without any legal order from the authorities. NOT APPLICABLE

Jailbreak - The escape from jail by more than two
(2) inmates by the use of force, threat, violence or
deceit or by breaching security barriers such as by
scaling the perimeter fence, by tunneling and/or by
other similar means or by burning or destructing of
the facility or a portion of the facility with or without
the aid of jail officer or any other person.
The deceased relative is lying-in-state in a place
beyond thirty kilometer radius from the jail or, in
any case, where the inmate cannot return to said
place during daylight hours
Inmate has a record of escape or attempted
escape

QUICK RESPONSE TEAM (QRT) - It is created
purposely to respond immediately and efficiently
and to contain, control, and solve in the shortest
possible time any form of jail incidents/disturbance
while waiting for the arrival of reinforcement from
the National/Regional STAR team/s and friendly
forces. Acts as first responder to any jail incidents.
Alarm - gives the alarm through siren, whistle,
shouting, etc.
Contain - isolates/cordons the affected area.
Report - provides correct and precise information
about the situation.
Inmate has two (2) or more pending criminal cases
or is a material witness in a pending criminal case
Inmate is classified as high risk, high profile, high
value or violent extremist offender
Inmate cannot be assured of his safety and
security, or his escape is highly possible
There is an intelligence report that the inmate will
escape or will be rescued.
2 escorts shall accompany the inmate at the wake
while other escorts shall secure the place to
prevent any untoward incident

Evaluate - evaluates damage to equipment and

facilities; - evaluates personnel/inmates situations.

SPECIAL TACTICS AND REPONSE (STAR) TEAM -

It is an elite tactical unit trained to perform high-
risk operations that falls outside the operational
abilities of the regular BJMP personnel and is
equipped with specialized skills and sophisticated
firearms and equipment. A ready force is
composed of highly trained BJMP personnel and
experts in dealing with high risk, high profile
inmates, as well as in controlling critical jail
disturbance and incidents.