Module 1: Review Topics in Institutional correction and Non - institutional corrections

Lesson1: Historical Perspective of Correction

13th Century- Securing Sanctuary- in the 13th century, a criminal record could avoid punishment by
claiming refuge in a church for a period of 40 days.

1576- England ordered that each country should construct an institution for the confinement offender,
which is popularly known as the “English house of Correction or Bridewell-stye house of corrections and
Workhouse.

16th Century- Transportation of criminals in England was authorized. At the end of this century, Russia
and other European Countries followed this system. This practice was abandoned in 1835.

18th Century- Known as the “Age of Enlightenment” additional jails were constructed due to decreasing
opportunities for transportation of the criminals to other countries and the elimination of the need of
galley slaves.

Gaoals (jails) - the description given to pre-trial detention facilities operated by English sheriff in England
during the 18th century.

Galleys – long, low. Narrow, single decked ships propelled by sails, usually rowed by criminals. A type of
ships used for transportation of criminals in the 16 th century.

Hulks (Floating Hell) - these are former warships used to house prisoners in the 18 th and 19th century.
The hulks were originally intended only as temporary solution to a problem, but they were not
completely abandoned until 1858, eighty years later.

Ordeal- is the church’s substitute for a trial until the 13 th century wherein guilt or innocence was
determined by the ability of the accused of being unhurt through dangerous and painful test.

Lesson1.1 EARLY CODES

Babylonian and Sumerian Codes

Code of King Hammurabi (Hammurabic Code) – Babylon, credited as the oldest code prescribing savage
punishment around 1759 BC. But in fact, Sumerian codes were nearly 100 years older. The main concept
of Hammurabic code is “lex talliones’’ which means “an eye for eye; a tooth for a tooth’’.

King Ur-Nammu’s Code

Decrees the imposition of restitution and fines of execution, mutilation or other savage penalties.

Analysis of the King Ur- Nammu’s also carries a concept of restorative justice that re-establish the lost
relationship between involved parties in the crime that existed before the commission of crimes.

Roman and Greek Codes

Justinian Code, 529 AD. Emperor Justinian of Rome wrote his code of law. This code was a revision of
the 12 tables of the Roman. However, the law did not survive due to the fall of the Roman Empire but
left the foundation of the Western legal codes.

The Twelve Tables – represented the earliest codification of the Roman law incorporated into the
Justinian code.

Greek Code of Draco- Greece, a harsh code that provides the same punishmenr for the both citizens and
the slave as it incorporates primitive concepts. The Greeks were the first to allow any citizen to
prosecute the offender in the name of the injured party.

The Burgundian Code (500 AD)- This code introduced the concept of restitution. This code specified
punishment according to the social class of the offenders, dividing them into: Nobles, Middle class and
Lower class and specifying the value of the life of each person according to the social status.

509 B.C- A law was passed prohibiting flogging or execution unless affirmed by the Curiate Assembly.

Curiate Assembly- was the principal legislative assembly during the era of the Roman Kingdom. While its
primary purpose was to elect new kings, it also possessed rudimentary legislative powers.

Lesson1.2: CONCEPT OF PUNISHMENT

What is Punishment?

The general concept is that it is the infliction of some sort of pain on the offender for violating the law.
In the legal sense, it is more individual redress or personal revenge. Punishment therefore is defined as
the redress that the state takes against an offending member.

Contemporary forms of Punishment

Imprisonment – placing offenders in prison for the purpose of protecting the public and at the same
time rehabilitating them by requiring the latter to undergo institutional treatment program

Parole – Parole is defined as a procedure by which prisoners are selected for release on the basis of
individual response and progress within the correctional institution and by which they are provided with
necessary controls and guidance as they serve the remainder of their sentences within the free
community.

Probation – it is a procedure under which a defendant after found guilty of a crime is released by the
court without imprisonment subject to the conditions imposed by the court and subject to the
supervision of a probation officer [P.D 968 AS THE AMENDED BY R.A. 10707.

Justification for punishment

Retribution – “retribution” generally means “getting even” with the perpetuator. It refers to the theory
of punishment that says an offender should be punished for the crimes committed because he or she
deserves it.
Deterrence- it is a justification for punishment based on the belief of the prevention or discouragement
of crime through fear or danger.

Specific Deterrence-is directed toward the individual offender. The rationale is that by making the
punishment sufficiently unpleasant, the offender would be discouraged from committing violations in
the future.

General Deterrence – is designed to use the offenders to ”set an example” for those who might
otherwise consider engaging in similar criminal acts.

Expiation or Atonement- this was in the form of group vengeance, as distinguished from retribution,
where punishment is exacted publicly for the purpose of appeasing the social group.

Reformation- Society’s interest can be best served by helping the prisoner become a law abiding citizen
and productive upon his return to the community by requiring him to undergo intensive rehabilitation in
prison.

Protection- is rehabilitation of criminals and protection of the public go hand in hand. If the reformation
is achieved, then the public protected.

Early concept of Punishment

King Henry VIII- Decreed corporal punishment for vagrants in 1531 and penal slavery in 1547 to defend
the interest of the still dominant landlord.

Bridewell system /institution-England established in 1556 as work house for vagabonds,idlers,and

rogues. It was a reform over the traditional unworkable system of punishment.

Saint Bridget’s Well- England’s first house of correction.

Penitentiary Act Of 1979- this act was passes that mandates the establishment of a prison system based
on solitary confinement, hard labor, and religious instruction.

Walnut Street Jail-originally constructed as a detention jail in Philadelphia. It was converted into a state
prison and become the first American Penitentiary.

Hospicio de San Michelle- the first home for delinquent boys ever established, Built by Pope Clement XI
in Rome for housing incorrigible youths under 20 years of age.

The Pioneers for the Age of enlightenment

William Peen[1614-1716]-he is the first leader to prescribe imprisonment as correctional treatment for
major offenders. He is also responsible for the abolition of death penalty and torture as a form of
punishment. He fought for religious freedom and individual rights .

Charles Montesiquieu {Charles Secondat, Baron de la Brede et de Montesiquieu- 1689-1755} A French

historian and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of justice. He believed that harsh
punishment would weaken morality and that appealing to moral sentiments as a better means of
preventing crime.
Voltaire[ francois Marie Araouet, 1694-1778]-He believes that fear of shame was a deterrent to crime.
He fought the legality sanctioned practice of torture.

John Howard [1726-1790]- the” great prison reformer” the sheriff of Bedsfordshire in 1773 who
devoted his life and fortune to prison reform. After his findings on English Prison he recommended the
following:

.single cells for sleeping;

.segregation of women;

.segregation of youth;

.provision of sanitation facilities and

.abolition of the fee system by which jailers abtained money from prisoner.

Sir Robert peel- in 1821, peel was appointment as home secretary and immediately set about reforming
the criminal code and applying Howards to local prisons.

Cesare Beccaria (Cesare Bonesa, Marchese de Beccaria, 1738 – 1794) – he wrote an essay entitled “An
essay on Crimes and Punishment”. This book became famous as the theoretical basis for the great
reforms in the field of criminal law. This book also provided a starting point for the classical school of
criminal law and criminology.

Jeremy Bentham – (1748 – 1832) – the greatest leader in the reform of English Criminal Law. He
believes that whatever punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain the criminal derives
from crime, the crime rate would go down.

He devise the ultimate Panopticon Prison – a prison that consists of a large circular building containing
multi cells around the periphery but it was never built.

Alexander Macanochie – he is the superintendent of the penal colony at Norfolk Island in Australia
(1804) who introduced the mark System. A progressive humane system in which a prisoner is required
to earn a number of marks based on proper department, labor and the study in order to entitle him for
ticket for leave or conditional release which is similar to parole.

Macanochie’s Mark System consists of 5 stages:

 Strict custody upon admission to the penal colony

 Work on government gangs
 Limited freedom on the island within a prescribed area
 Ticket of leave
 Full restoration of liberty

Manuel Montesinos – the director of prison in Valenciana Spaiin (1835) who divided the number of
prisoners into companies and appointed certain prisoners as petty officers in charge, which allowed
good behavior to prepare the convict for gradual release.

Domets of France – established an agricultural colony for delinquent boys in 1839 providing
housefathers as in charge of these boys.
Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise – the director of the English prison who opened the borstal institution for young
offenders, The Borstal institution is considered as the best reform institution for young offenders today.

Walter Crofton – he is the director of the Irish Prison in 1854 who introduced the Irish system that was
modifies from the Macanochie’s mark system (progressive stage system or Irish system)

Zebulon Brockway – the director of the Elmira Reformatory in New York (1876) who introduced certain
innovational programs like the following training school type, compulsory education of prisoners,
casework methods, extensive use of parole, indeterminate sentence.

The Elmira Reformatory. 1877 – considered as the forerunner of modern penology because it had all the
elements of a modern system such as:

 Training school type

 Compulsory education of prisoners
 Casework methods
 Indeterminate sentence

Jean Jacques Philipe Villai – founded the Maison de Force in Gent, Belgium. He introduced:

a. Felons and misdemeanants should be separated; and

b. Women and children must have separate quarters

Fred T. Wilkinson – the last warden of Alcatraz Prison.

James Bennet – director of Federal Bureau of Prisons who wrote about the closing of Alcatraz Prison. It
opened in 1934, closed on March 31, 1963 but it was costly on operation. When it closed, it has 260
inmates. Alcatraz now, a tourist destination in New York

Australia – the place which was a penal colony before it became a country. Convicted criminals in
England were transported to Australia, a colony of Great Britain when transportation was adopted in
1790 to 1875.

Classification Movement – the movement for modern correctional reforms started with the
reorganization of the Federal Prison system in 1930, placing the penal institution of the United States
under the centralized jurisdiction of the Federal Bureau of Prisons. This movement recruited
professionally trained staffs and accentuated the rehabilitation programs.

California Prison, 1944 – after the second world war, the California Prison System was reorganized
which included the establishment of Reception Diagnostic Center as a new type of facility for the study
of the prisoners and the preparation of his treatment and training program in prison.

Two Rival Prison System in the History of Corrections:

The Auburn Prison System – also known as the “Congregate System” The prisoners are confined in their
own cells during the night and congregate work in shops during the Complete silence was enforced.

The Pennsylvania Prison System – also known as the “Solitary System”. Prisoners are confined in single
cells days and night where they lived, slept, ate and receive religious are required to read the bible.
Lesson1.3 : The Golden Era Of Penology

Penology – as a branch of Criminology, which deals with the management, and administration of
offenders

The word penology was coined by Dr. Francis Leiber. It simply means the treatment of riminals.

The golden Age of Penology – the period from 1870 to 1880 was considered the golden age of penology
because of the following significant events:

 The National Prisons Association in 1870 was organized in Cincinnati

 The first International Prison Congress was held in 1872 at London which established the
International Penal and Penitentiary Commission and in 1875, its Headquarters was established
at Hague, the Netherlands.
 The Elmira Reformatory was established in New York in 1876
 The first separate institution for women was established in Indiana and Massachusetts

Corrections – is that branch of the administration of the criminal justice charged with the responsibility
for the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of the convicted offender.

Correction is the fourth pillar of the CJC. Considered as the weakest pillar of the Criminal Justice System.

2 forms of Corrections

Institutionalized Correction – the rehabilitation of offenders in jail or prison

Community – based or non – Institutionalized Corrections – refers to correctional activities that may
take place within the community.

Rehabilitation – is a punishment philosophy, which asserts that through proper correctional

intervention, a criminal can be reformed into a law-abiding citizen.

ACTIVITY 1 PRELIM: DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING (20 PTS EACH)

1. SALIENT FEATURES OF RA 10592 “AN ACT AMENDING ARTICLES 29,94,97,98 AND 99 OF ACT
NO.3815, AS AMENDED, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE REVISED PENAL CODE.

2. DISCUSS THE SALIENT FEATURES OF RA 10575 “AN ACT STRENGHTENING THE BUREAU OF
CORRECTION (BUCOR) AND PROVIDING FUNDS THEREOF.

3. DISCUSS THE PROVISION TO BE FOLLWED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REVISED PENAL CODE IN
RELEASING PRISONER.

4. WHO IS A PRISONER, DETAINEE? DISCUSS THE CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS.

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCED PRISONERS.

5. WHO ARE MAXIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS, MEDUIM SECURITY PRISONERS AND MININUM
SECURITY PRISONERS?
MODULE 2: PERSON PEPRIVED OF LIBERTY ADMISSION PROCESS AND PROCEDURES IN BJMP
PROVINCIAL JAILS AND BUCOR

LESSON 1.1 ADMISSION AND CONFINEMENT OF INMATES

Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC)- This is a special unit of prison where new prisoners undergo
diagnostic examination, study and observation for determining the program of treatment and training
best suited to their needs and the institution to which they should be transferred.

Quarantine Unit or Cell- Upon admission in the reception and diagnostic center, an inmate shall be
placed in quarantine foe at least five (5) days during which he shall be:

Given a physical examination to determine any physical illness or handicap or mental ailment and to
segregate those suspected of having an infectious or contagious disease. If found sick, the inmate shall
be immediately confined in the prison hospital;

Oriented with prison riles; and

Interviewed by a counselor, social worker or other program staff officers. The interview shall be
conducted in private.

Assignment of Inmates

After quarantine period, the inmate shall remain in the reception and diagnostic center for a period not
exceeding fifty-five (55) days where he shall undergo psychiatric, psychological, sociological, vocational,
educational and religious and other examinations.

The results of said examinations shall be the basis for inmate’s individualized treatment program.
Thereafter, he shall be assigned to a prison facility as may be recommended by the Chief of the
Reception and Diagnostic Center.

RDC’s STAFF

Psychiatrists
Psychologists
Sociologists
Educational Counselor
Vocational Counselor
Chaplain
Medical Officer

Admission Procedures in Prison

 Receiving
 Checking commitment papers
 Establishing identity of the prisoner
 Searching the prisoner
 Assignment to quarters
Admission of Inmates

An inmate shall be admitted in the reception and diagnostic cenyer of a prison upon presentation of the
following documents:

 Mittimus/commitment order of the court

 Information and court decision in the case
 Certification of detention, if any; and
 Certification that the case of the inmate is not on appeal

Note: A female inmate shall be received only at the correctional institution for women (CIW)

Form of MIttimus/Commitment Order

The mittimus/commitmen order shall be under the signature of the judge and shall bear the seal of the
court attested by the clerk of court thereof.

Admission Process

After registration, the inmate shall be photographed, fro and side view, finger printed and assigned a
permanent prison number.

LESSON 1.2 THE CLASSIFICATION PROCESS

Classification Board

Every prison shall have a classification board that shall classify inmates in accordance this chapter. The
board shall be composed of the following:

Chairman Superintendent
Vice-chairman Chief, Reception and diagnostic center
Members Medical Officer
Chief, education section
Chief, agro-industries section
Secretary Chief overseer

Classification- the assigning or grouping of inmates according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality,
health, criminal records, dangerousness, etc.

Four Separate but Coordinated Procedures of Classification

Diagnosis- the prisoners’ case history is taken and his personality studied. Through examination and
observations, the RDC’s staff determines the nature and extent of the person’s criminality and the
extent to which he may be rehabilitated.
Treatment Planning- this is the formulation of a tentative treatment program best suited to the needs
and interest of an individual prisoner, based on the findings of the RDC’s staff.

Execution of Treatment Program- this is in the application of the treatment program and policies by the
classification committees

RE-Classification –the treatment program is kept current with the inmates changing needs and with new
analysis based on any information not available at the time of initial classification committee meeting of
the inmates case which continues from the time of the first classification until the inmates is released

Purposes of classification

√To separate prisoners whom by reason of their criminal record or bad character are likely to exercise a
bad influence on other prisoners.

√To separate prisoners who by gravity of their offenses have been sentenced to longer period of
imprisonment and therefore require more secured prison facilities

√To divide the prisoners into classes in order to facilitate their rehabilitation treatment

The reception and diagnostic center is a prison facility within a correctional institution it receives all
newly committed prisoners and it is the entry point of all incoming prisoners who will be subjected to
classification and distribution to the different operating institutions

ACTIVITY 2 MIDTERM: DISCUSS/EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING (25 PTS EACH)

1. WHAT IS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE?

2. WHAT IS THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY?
3. DRAW THE PPA REAL AND GIVE THE MEANING OF THE DIFFERENT
PARTS.
4. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
FROM TRADITIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE?
MODULE 3: TREATMENT PROGRAM AND REHABILITAION OF DIFFERENT CONFINEMENT FACILITIES
[PNP, PROVINCIAL JAILS AND BUCOR] OF PERSON DEPRIEVED OF LIBERTY AS
PROVIDED AND ALLOWED BY LAW OPERATION MANUAL POLICY,
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND APPROVED REHABILITATAION AND TREATMENT
PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES

LESSON 2.1 RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER PROFISSIONAL STAFF

Psychiatrist-he analyzes and makes a report on the prisoners personality and emotional make up he also
identifies offenders who needs psychiatric attention and treatment

Psychologist- psychology is concerned with measuring and evaluating an individual intellectual

capability and his or her ability to cope and adjust in society. With the advent of the first classification
program in New Jersey in 1918 the psychologist became a dominant force in the classification process

Sociologist - have been latecomers into correctional treatment programs they are especially helpful in
identifying and developing the roles and structures of the prison subcultures and the administrative
personnel

Social worker- became particularly important in the spectrum of corrections when it began to
emphasize rehabilitation the casework is essential in the presentence investigation phase and many
probation officers and parole officers received their training in social worker on inside the walls

Educational counselor – conduct orientation classes in general education in order to change the inmates
attitudes towards education he recommends on the educational programs of the prisoner

Vocational counselor - test the prisoner in order to determine his general and special ability interests
and skills he recommends for the type of vocational training of the prisoner

Medical officer- conducts a complete physical examination on the inmates and correlates the prisoner
previous health history with the present findings and recommends for the medical treatment of the
prisoners

Chaplain – encourages the prisoner to participate in religious works ship he ensures that the spiritual life
of the inmates is exercised property according to one s conscience

Custodial officer- the chief of the custodial force observes the prisoners behavior and interaction to
various situations and recommends on transfer and transfer and type of custody of the inmate

LESSON 2.2 PHILLIPINE PRISON SYSTEMS

Prison – an institution for the imprisonments of persons convicted by final judgment and with a penalty
of more than 3 years

Prison (Phil. Setting) - refers to a penal establishment under the control of the bureau of corrections
and shall include the new Bilibid prison the correctional institution for women the Leyte regional prison
and the Davao san Ramon Sablayan and Iwahig prison and penal farms
Competent authority – shall refer to the supreme court CA RTC MTC MCTC Sandigan bayan Military
Courts house of representatives senate commission and penal farms of immigration and the board of
pardons and parole

Inmate – refers to a national prisoners or one sentenced by a court to serve a maximum imprisonment
of more than three years or to a fine of more than one thousands pesos (1,000.00)

Detainee- is a person who is confined in prison pending preliminary investigation, trial or appeal; or
upon legal process issued by competent authority.

Death Convict-refers to an inmate whose death penalty imposed by a regional trial court is affirmed by
the Supreme Court en banc

Carpeta- refers to the institutional record of an inmate which consists of his mittimus/commitment
order, the prosecutor’s information and the decision of the trial court, including the appellate court, if
any.

Prison Record- refers to information concerning an inmate’s personal circumstances, the offense he
committed, the sentence imposed, the criminal case numbers in the trial and appellate courts, the date
he commenced service of his sentence, the date he was received for confinement, the date of expiration
of his sentence, the number of previous convictions, if any, and his behavior or conduct while in prison.

Bureau of Corrections- have the general supervision and control of national, provincial prisons and all
penal settlements and is charged with the safekeeping of all prisoners confined therein.

Bilibid Prison- built on 1847. It became the central confinement for all Filipino offenders by virtue of the
Royal Decree of the Spanish crown. (May Haligui Estate)

1936- city of Manila exchange its Muntinlupa property composed of 552 hectares piece of land with the
Bureau of Prisons lot in Manila. N.B> Bilibid Prison is now being used by the Manila City Government as
Manila City Jail

E.O. 292- otherwise known As Revised Administrative Code of 1987- Sections 1705- 1751, revised
administrative code of 1987, the prison law in the Philippines. It was renamed the Bureau of corrections

New Bilibid Prison- located in Muntinlupa City

2 Satellites

Camp Bukang Liwayway (Minimum Security Camp) – house minimum custody prisoners who work in
various projcets of the institutions

Camp Sampaguita (Medium Security Camp) - house medium security prisoners where RDC is located

Different Penal Colonies in the Philippines

San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm – founded by captain Ramon Blanco of the Spanish Royal Army. It
was established for the confinement of Filipino Political offenders. (Located in Zamboanga Del Sur). It
has area of 1,246 hectares. It was established on August 21, 1869. This penal farm is designed to
promote agro-industrial activities, and its principal products are corn, rice, copra, coffee and livestock.
Four sub-colonies of the Iwahig Penal Colony and Farm

 Inawagan Sub-colony
 Montible Sub-colony
 Santa Lucia Sub-colony
 Central Sub-colony

Davao penal colony and farm (January 21, 1932)-founded by Gen.Paulino Santos. Created by virtue of
act 3732 and Proclamation 414 series of 1931. Mostly devoted to abaca and banana plantation. In 1942,
it was used as a concentration camp for American Prisoners of war. The main source of income of the
bureau of corrections. It consist of 18, 000 hectatres

Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm- founded on Sept. 27, 1954 by virtue of Proclamation Number 72
dated September 27, 1954. It consists of 16, 000 hectares in Sablayan, occidental, Mindoro.

Ilo-Ilo Penal Coloy and Farm (Ilo-ilo Province)

Leyte regional prison (Abuyog, leyte)- established on January 16, 1973 during the marial law with the
aim of regionalizing prisons in the country.

Correctional institution for women (CIW) - founded in Mandaluyong City. It was established in 1931 by
virtue of act 3579 passed on November 27, 1929. It consists of 18 hectares.

Fort Santiago in Manila – the oldest prison in the Philippines.

Note: Only the New Bilibid Prison and CIW confine death convicts. All the prison and penal farms have
minimum , medium and maximum security facilities.

LESSON 3 WHO IS A PRISONER

A prisoner in an offender who is convicted by final judgment by a court or is a person who is committed
by the court or competent authority to be confined in a jail or prison

A prisoner is a person committed to jail prison by a competent a authority for any following reasons:

1. To serve a sentence after conviction

2. Trial

3. Investigation

A detainee on the other hand is a person accused before court or competent authority who is
temporarily confined in a jail prison while undergoing or awaiting investigation trial or final judgment

Classification of prisoners

Sentenced prisoners – those who are convicted by final judgment and under the jurisdiction of a penal
institution

Detention prisoners – those who were detained for the violation of law and have not yet convicted
those who are on safekeeping
Classification of sentenced prisoners

Insular/national prisoners- sentenced to more than 3 years or a fine of more than 1,000 or both

City prisoners- sentenced to less than 3 years or a fine of less than 1,000 or both

Provincial prisoners – 6 months and 1 day to 3 years or a fine not more than 1,000 or both

Municipal prisoners- not more than 6 months

Classification of prisoners as to security risks

An inmate shall be assigned to any of the following security groups

Maximum security –this shall include highly dangerous or high security risk as determined by the
classification board who require a high degree of control and supervision

Who are maximum security prisoners?

√ Those sentenced to death

√those whose minimum sentence is 20 years imprisonment

√those with pending cases

√those confined at the RDC

√those under disciplinary punishment or safe keeping

LESSON 3.1 PUNISHMENTS IMPOSED IN DISCIPLINARY CASES

√solitary confined – applicable in extreme case specially when there is danger that the prisoner may hurt
himself or others

√ locking in his cell with loss of yard privileges

√ Transfer to another institution

√ Assignment to a disciplinary squad for manual labor

√counsel and reprimand – imposed in trivial cases

√loss of good conduct time allowance

Ground for increasing penalty

1/5 of the remaining sentence of the prisoner shall be added to his sentence if he surrender himself to
the authority when he escape from prison under circumstances enumerate in art

Jails
Jails are institution for the confinement of persons who are awaiting final disposition of their criminal
cases and also for the service of those convicted and punishment with shorter sentences usually up to
three years

Categories of inmates confined in jails

√those awaiting/undergoing investigation

√those who are awaiting/undergoing trial

√those who are awaiting final judgment

√those who are serving short sentences up to three years

Types of Jails

Lock –up jail-is a security facility for the temporary detention of person held for investigation or
awaiting preliminary hearing.

Ordinary jails- houses both offender awaiting court action and those serving short sentences usually up
to 3 years

Workhouse jail farm or camp-houses minimum custody offenders serving short sentence short with
constructive work programs

Lesson 3.2 Provision To Be Followed In Accordance With The Revised Penal Code In Releasing
Prisoners

No prisoners shall be made to serve more than three times of the most severe penalty or sentence that
is imposed upon him but in no case shall he be made to serve more than forty years [art 70 RPC]

If the computed sentence of a prisoners based on the above is forty years he shall serve the sentence
excluding good conduct time allowance credits that he may have earn

All prisoners convicted by the courts to serve sentence in national prisons shall be granted good conduct
time allowance for god behaviors including those cases are on appeal.

Lesson 4 Good Conduct Time Allowance

Good conduct time allowance is a programs that allows for the reduction of the offenders sentence that
is based on good behavior while inside the correctional institution the good conduct or behavior of any
prisoners shall entitle him to the following deductions from the period of his sentence

√DURINGTHE FIRST TWO YEARS OF HIS IMPRISONMENT, HE SHALL be allowed a deduction of five days
[5] days for each month of good behavior

√during the third to the fifth year, inclusive of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of eight
days [8] for each month of good behavior

√during the following years until the tenth year inclusive of his imprisonment he shall be allowed a
deduction of ten [10] days for each month of good behavior

√during the eleventh and successive years of his imprisonment he shall be allowed a deduction of fifteen
[15] days for each month of good behavior

GRANT OF GOOD CONDUCT TIME ALLOWANCE

THE DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION SHALL GRANT ALLOWANCES FOR GOOD CONDUCT AND SUCH GRANT
ONE GIVEN CANNOT BE REVOKED

THE allowance for good conduct shall be granted equally and uniformity to prisoners with good behavior
and without adverse records of breaches of discipline

Grant of special time allowance

A deduction of one fifth of the period of his sentence shall be granted to prisoners who having evaded
the service of this sentence give himself up to the authorities within 48 hours following the issuance of a
proclamation announcing the passing away of a calamity of catastrophe [art. 98, RPC]

LESSON l PERSON PEPRIVED OF LIBERTY ADMISSION PROCESS AND PROCEDURES IN BJMP

PROVINCIAL JAILS AND BUCOR

LESSON 1.1 ADMISSION AND CONFINEMENT OF INMATES

Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC)- This is a special unit of prison where new prisoners undergo
diagnostic examination, study and observation for determining the program of treatment and training
best suited to their needs and the institution to which they should be transferred.

Quarantine Unit or Cell- Upon admission in the reception and diagnostic center, an inmate shall be
placed in quarantine foe at least five (5) days during which he shall be:

Given a physical examination to determine any physical illness or handicap or mental ailment and to
segregate those suspected of having an infectious or contagious disease. If found sick, the inmate shall
be immediately confined in the prison hospital;

Oriented with prison riles; and

Interviewed by a counselor, social worker or other program staff officers. The interview shall be
conducted in private.

Assignment of Inmates

After quarantine period, the inmate shall remain in the reception and diagnostic center for a period not
exceeding fifty-five (55) days where he shall undergo psychiatric, psychological, sociological, vocational,
educational and religious and other examinations.

The results of said examinations shall be the basis for inmate’s individualized treatment program.
Thereafter, he shall be assigned to a prison facility as may be recommended by the Chief of the
Reception and Diagnostic Center.

RDC’s STAFF

Psychiatrists
Psychologists
Sociologists
Educational Counselor
Vocational Counselor
Chaplain
Medical Officer

Admission Procedures in Prison

 Receiving
 Checking commitment papers
 Establishing identity of the prisoner
 Searching the prisoner
 Assignment to quarters

Admission of Inmates

An inmate shall be admitted in the reception and diagnostic cenyer of a prison upon presentation of the
following documents:

 Mittimus/commitment order of the court

 Information and court decision in the case
 Certification of detention, if any; and
 Certification that the case of the inmate is not on appeal

Note: A female inmate shall be received only at the correctional institution for women (CIW)

Form of MIttimus/Commitment Order

The mittimus/commitmen order shall be under the signature of the judge and shall bear the seal of the
court attested by the clerk of court thereof.

Admission Process

After registration, the inmate shall be photographed, fro and side view, finger printed and assigned a
permanent prison number.

LESSON 1.2 THE CLASSIFICATION PROCESS

Classification Board

Every prison shall have a classification board that shall classify inmates in accordance this chapter. The
board shall be composed of the following:

Chairman Superintendent
Vice-chairman Chief, Reception and diagnostic center
Members Medical Officer
Chief, education section
Chief, agro-industries section
Secretary Chief overseer

Classification- the assigning or grouping of inmates according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality,
health, criminal records, dangerousness, etc.

Four Separate but Coordinated Procedures of Classification

Diagnosis- the prisoners’ case history is taken and his personality studied. Through examination and
observations, the RDC’s staff determines the nature and extent of the person’s criminality and the
extent to which he may be rehabilitated.

Treatment Planning- this is the formulation of a tentative treatment program best suited to the needs
and interest of an individual prisoner, based on the findings of the RDC’s staff.

Execution of Treatment Program- this is in the application of the treatment program and policies by the
classification committees

RE-Classification –the treatment program is kept current with the inmates changing needs and with new
analysis based on any information not available at the time of initial classification committee meeting of
the inmates case which continues from the time of the first classification until the inmates is released
Purposes of classification

√To separate prisoners whom by reason of their criminal record or bad character are likely to exercise a
bad influence on other prisoners.

√To separate prisoners who by gravity of their offenses have been sentenced to longer period of
imprisonment and therefore require more secured prison facilities

√To divide the prisoners into classes in order to facilitate their rehabilitation treatment

The reception and diagnostic center is a prison facility within a correctional institution it receives all
newly committed prisoners and it is the entry point of all incoming prisoners who will be subjected to
classification and distribution to the different operating institutions

LESSON 2 TREATMENT PROGRAM AND REHABILITAION OF DIFFERENT CONFINEMENT FACILITIES

[PNP, PROVINCIAL JAILS AND BUCOR] OF PERSON DEPRIEVED OF LIBERTY AS
PROVIDED AND ALLOWED BY LAW OPERATION MANUAL POLICY, INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS AND APPROVED REHABILITATAION AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS AND
ACTIVITIES

LESSON 2.1 RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER PROFISSIONAL STAFF

Psychiatrist-he analyzes and makes a report on the prisoners personality and emotional make up he also
identifies offenders who needs psychiatric attention and treatment

Psychologist- psychology is concerned with measuring and evaluating an individual intellectual

capability and his or her ability to cope and adjust in society. With the advent of the first classification
program in New Jersey in 1918 the psychologist became a dominant force in the classification process

Sociologist - have been latecomers into correctional treatment programs they are especially helpful in
identifying and developing the roles and structures of the prison subcultures and the administrative
personnel

Social worker- became particularly important in the spectrum of corrections when it began to
emphasize rehabilitation the casework is essential in the presentence investigation phase and many
probation officers and parole officers received their training in social worker on inside the walls

Educational counselor – conduct orientation classes in general education in order to change the inmates
attitudes towards education he recommends on the educational programs of the prisoner
Vocational counselor - test the prisoner in order to determine his general and special ability interests
and skills he recommends for the type of vocational training of the prisoner

Medical officer- conducts a complete physical examination on the inmates and correlates the prisoner
previous health history with the present findings and recommends for the medical treatment of the
prisoners

Chaplain – encourages the prisoner to participate in religious works ship he ensures that the spiritual life
of the inmates is exercised property according to one s conscience

Custodial officer- the chief of the custodial force observes the prisoners behavior and interaction to
various situations and recommends on transfer and transfer and type of custody of the inmate

LESSON 2.2 PHILLIPINE PRISON SYSTEMS

Prison – an institution for the imprisonments of persons convicted by final judgment and with a penalty
of more than 3 years

Prison (Phil. Setting) - refers to a penal establishment under the control of the bureau of corrections
and shall include the new Bilibid prison the correctional institution for women the Leyte regional prison
and the Davao san Ramon Sablayan and Iwahig prison and penal farms

Competent authority – shall refer to the supreme court CA RTC MTC MCTC Sandigan bayan Military
Courts house of representatives senate commission and penal farms of immigration and the board of
pardons and parole

Inmate – refers to a national prisoners or one sentenced by a court to serve a maximum imprisonment
of more than three years or to a fine of more than one thousands pesos (1,000.00)

Detainee- is a person who is confined in prison pending preliminary investigation, trial or appeal; or
upon legal process issued by competent authority.

Death Convict-refers to an inmate whose death penalty imposed by a regional trial court is affirmed by
the Supreme Court en banc

Carpeta- refers to the institutional record of an inmate which consists of his mittimus/commitment
order, the prosecutor’s information and the decision of the trial court, including the appellate court, if
any.

Prison Record- refers to information concerning an inmate’s personal circumstances, the offense he
committed, the sentence imposed, the criminal case numbers in the trial and appellate courts, the date
he commenced service of his sentence, the date he was received for confinement, the date of expiration
of his sentence, the number of previous convictions, if any, and his behavior or conduct while in prison.

Bureau of Corrections- have the general supervision and control of national, provincial prisons and all
penal settlements and is charged with the safekeeping of all prisoners confined therein.

Bilibid Prison- built on 1847. It became the central confinement for all Filipino offenders by virtue of the
Royal Decree of the Spanish crown. (May Haligui Estate)
1936- city of Manila exchange its Muntinlupa property composed of 552 hectares piece of land with the
Bureau of Prisons lot in Manila. N.B> Bilibid Prison is now being used by the Manila City Government as
Manila City Jail

E.O. 292- otherwise known As Revised Administrative Code of 1987- Sections 1705- 1751, revised
administrative code of 1987, the prison law in the Philippines. It was renamed the Bureau of corrections

New Bilibid Prison- located in Muntinlupa City

2 Satellites

Camp Bukang Liwayway (Minimum Security Camp) – house minimum custody prisoners who work in
various projcets of the institutions

Camp Sampaguita (Medium Security Camp) - house medium security prisoners where RDC is located

Different Penal Colonies in the Philippines

San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm – founded by captain Ramon Blanco of the Spanish Royal Army. It
was established for the confinement of Filipino Political offenders. (Located in Zamboanga Del Sur). It
has area of 1,246 hectares. It was established on August 21, 1869. This penal farm is designed to
promote agro-industrial activities, and its principal products are corn, rice, copra, coffee and livestock.

Four sub-colonies of the Iwahig Penal Colony and Farm

 Inawagan Sub-colony
 Montible Sub-colony
 Santa Lucia Sub-colony
 Central Sub-colony

Davao penal colony and farm (January 21, 1932)-founded by Gen.Paulino Santos. Created by virtue of
act 3732 and Proclamation 414 series of 1931. Mostly devoted to abaca and banana plantation. In 1942,
it was used as a concentration camp for American Prisoners of war. The main source of income of the
bureau of corrections. It consist of 18, 000 hectatres

Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm- founded on Sept. 27, 1954 by virtue of Proclamation Number 72
dated September 27, 1954. It consists of 16, 000 hectares in Sablayan, occidental, Mindoro.

Ilo-Ilo Penal Coloy and Farm (Ilo-ilo Province)

Leyte regional prison (Abuyog, leyte)- established on January 16, 1973 during the marial law with the
aim of regionalizing prisons in the country.

Correctional institution for women (CIW) - founded in Mandaluyong City. It was established in 1931 by
virtue of act 3579 passed on November 27, 1929. It consists of 18 hectares.

Fort Santiago in Manila – the oldest prison in the Philippines.

Note: Only the New Bilibid Prison and CIW confine death convicts. All the prison and penal farms have
minimum , medium and maximum security facilities.
LESSON 3 WHO IS A PRISONER

A prisoner in an offender who is convicted by final judgment by a court or is a person who is committed
by the court or competent authority to be confined in a jail or prison

A prisoner is a person committed to jail prison by a competent a authority for any following reasons:

1. To serve a sentence after conviction

2. Trial

3. Investigation

A detainee on the other hand is a person accused before court or competent authority who is
temporarily confined in a jail prison while undergoing or awaiting investigation trial or final judgment

Classification of prisoners

Sentenced prisoners – those who are convicted by final judgment and under the jurisdiction of a penal
institution

Detention prisoners – those who were detained for the violation of law and have not yet convicted
those who are on safekeeping

Classification of sentenced prisoners

Insular/national prisoners- sentenced to more than 3 years or a fine of more than 1,000 or both

City prisoners- sentenced to less than 3 years or a fine of less than 1,000 or both

Provincial prisoners – 6 months and 1 day to 3 years or a fine not more than 1,000 or both

Municipal prisoners- not more than 6 months

Classification of prisoners as to security risks

An inmate shall be assigned to any of the following security groups

Maximum security –this shall include highly dangerous or high security risk as determined by the
classification board who require a high degree of control and supervision

Who are maximum security prisoners?

√ Those sentenced to death

√those whose minimum sentence is 20 years imprisonment

√those with pending cases

√those confined at the RDC

√those under disciplinary punishment or safe keeping

LESSON 3.1 PUNISHMENTS IMPOSED IN DISCIPLINARY CASES

√solitary confined – applicable in extreme case specially when there is danger that the prisoner may hurt
himself or others

√ locking in his cell with loss of yard privileges

√ Transfer to another institution

√ Assignment to a disciplinary squad for manual labor

√counsel and reprimand – imposed in trivial cases

√loss of good conduct time allowance

Ground for increasing penalty

1/5 of the remaining sentence of the prisoner shall be added to his sentence if he surrender himself to
the authority when he escape from prison under circumstances enumerate in art

Jails

Jails are institution for the confinement of persons who are awaiting final disposition of their criminal
cases and also for the service of those convicted and punishment with shorter sentences usually up to
three years

Categories of inmates confined in jails

√those awaiting/undergoing investigation

√those who are awaiting/undergoing trial

√those who are awaiting final judgment

√those who are serving short sentences up to three years

Types of Jails

Lock –up jail-is a security facility for the temporary detention of person held for investigation or
awaiting preliminary hearing.

Ordinary jails- houses both offender awaiting court action and those serving short sentences usually up
to 3 years
Workhouse jail farm or camp-houses minimum custody offenders serving short sentence short with
constructive work programs

Lesson 3.2 Provision To Be Followed In Accordance With The Revised Penal Code In Releasing
Prisoners

No prisoners shall be made to serve more than three times of the most severe penalty or sentence that
is imposed upon him but in no case shall he be made to serve more than forty years [art 70 RPC]

If the computed sentence of a prisoners based on the above is forty years he shall serve the sentence
excluding good conduct time allowance credits that he may have earn

All prisoners convicted by the courts to serve sentence in national prisons shall be granted good conduct
time allowance for god behaviors including those cases are on appeal.

Lesson 4 Good Conduct Time Allowance

Good conduct time allowance is a programs that allows for the reduction of the offenders sentence that
is based on good behavior while inside the correctional institution the good conduct or behavior of any
prisoners shall entitle him to the following deductions from the period of his sentence

√DURINGTHE FIRST TWO YEARS OF HIS IMPRISONMENT, HE SHALL be allowed a deduction of five days
[5] days for each month of good behavior

√during the third to the fifth year, inclusive of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of eight
days [8] for each month of good behavior

√during the following years until the tenth year inclusive of his imprisonment he shall be allowed a
deduction of ten [10] days for each month of good behavior

√during the eleventh and successive years of his imprisonment he shall be allowed a deduction of fifteen
[15] days for each month of good behavior

GRANT OF GOOD CONDUCT TIME ALLOWANCE

THE DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION SHALL GRANT ALLOWANCES FOR GOOD CONDUCT AND SUCH GRANT
ONE GIVEN CANNOT BE REVOKED

THE allowance for good conduct shall be granted equally and uniformity to prisoners with good behavior
and without adverse records of breaches of discipline

Grant of special time allowance

A deduction of one fifth of the period of his sentence shall be granted to prisoners who having evaded
the service of this sentence give himself up to the authorities within 48 hours following the issuance of a
proclamation announcing the passing away of a calamity of catastrophe [art. 98, RPC]
ACTIVITY 3 FINLAS: DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING (12.5 PTS EACH)

1. Safety and orderly, security PDL’s ratio to personnel, custody and classification /
categorization of PDL’s

2. Condition of confinement – food, physical plant, recreation and work

3. PDL’s conduct, disciplinary rules and grievance mechanism

4. PDL’s health program

5. PDL’s right

6. PDL’s prior release program

7. PDL’s admission process and procedures in BJMP, Provincial Jail and BUCOR

8. Treatment program and rehabilitation of PDL’s in different confinement facilities (PNP,

Provincial Jails, BUCOR)