Ma.

Francesca Nicole Valenzuela SYNTHESIS PAPER #1: PAMANA @500

PI 100

Dean Leonardo R. Estacio Jr., Ph.D.

 What if we are not discovered by Magellan? What would happen to our
country?
-No president
-No western inspired government
-No millions of devotees of catholic
-No UST, Ateneo, La Salle, and UP (no foreign inspired education)
-No mestizo and mestiza Filipinos
-No pamana 500 (there would be no talks about colonization and its impact on
our daily lives)
 We are given a question that should be pondered upon; What is
better? That the colonizers arrived or that they did not? If we answer
no, it could be because we are currently disappointed with the state of
our country and in a sense, it would be logical to blame this to our
colonizers who played a pivotal role in the Philippine’s development.
And if we answer yes, this could be because we are thankful for the
educational institutions that exist in the country such as UST, Ateneo,
La Salle, and even our very own UP. It could also because we are
thankful that we inherited fair skin and a pointed nose, or because they
introduced us to the faith, we hold on too dearly. At the end of the day,
the answer to this question cannot be a simple yes or no. The
“pamana’’ we inherited from our colonizers cannot be simply labeled as
good or bad, it all depends on what aspect of history we are viewing it
from.

Chairperson, Department of Social Sciences: Jerome A. Ong

 Mahalaga na magpatuloy ang pagpapalitan ng kaalaman sa isyu ng lipunan
 Pamana @500
- Ang pamana ay positibo (pero hindi rin sa lahat ng panahon dahil ayaw na
pamanahan ng utang at sama ng loob)
 Even if we want the “pamana” given to us to be solely positive as the
word implies, that is simply not the truth when we look back at
Philippine history.
-Mayroong mabuti at masamang pamana
-Bahagi ito ng kung ano tayo ang naganap sa nakaraan
 Despite the negative experiences, we cannot simply forget them and
erase these parts of our history. These pains and injustices are part of
who we are as Filipinos and as cliché it may sound, it makes us
stronger and wiser if we choose to learn from them.
-Hindi mabago ang nakaraan ngunit ang hinaharap ay kaya pa mabago
  We cannot turn back time and prevent the deaths and injustices
committed against us Filipinos. What we can do instead is to wise up
and prevent the same things to hurt us and our country all over again.

Professor Michael Franz Ang, M.A.

“The Philippine Islands as the “Bastion of Catholicism in Asia”: A Title “Almost”
held by China
 We Filipinos have a penchant for titles
o Nominally speaking, Timor-Leste should hold the title (Philippines is
not 90% Catholic anymore)
o Philippines, is not the first Catholic country in Asia as this belongs to
Armenia
o It is a misnomer that the Jesuits were the first missionaries in China
(first Catholic Missionaries came as early as 13th Century but not that
great)

 Role of the Missionaries in Asia

o Success of Jesuit mission in Beijing encouraged other religious
missionaries (Dominicans and Franciscans)
o Jesuits evangelized the elites, while Franciscans and Dominicans
evangelized the poor/marginalized
 Learning that different missionaries evangelized different
classes of people, it seemed to me that even missionaries who
preach faith and kindness participate in class discrimination.
Even in modern times, this is a pattern commonly observed with
religious leaders: inability to practice what they preach.
o Dominicans and Franciscans focused on the poor and marginalized

 Trivia: Emperor Kangxi longest serving emperor (ruled over for 60 years)
 When we have a good number of Christians, let the emperor allow people to
practice Christianity
 Kangxi: Manchu rule of China (last dynasty of China before establishment of the
republic of China)

 Missionaries with the exception of Jesuits were charged with crime against the
supreme ruler
o The Chinese favored Jesuits because they did not disrespect anything sacred
to the Chinese
 When in foreign lands, it is important to respect their culture. Not only
because we are afraid to be charged with crimes by their leaders, but
above all we must give respect because this is the right thing to do.
 Even if their customs are different than ours they are humans who
deserve equal treatment of respect.
o KangXi found the Jesuits useful; teachers, cartographers, astronomers and
more
o Jesuits were asked to make weapons because they were scholarly
 Missionaries during these times brought not only the word of their God,
but also skills that would help better the civilizations they wish to
evangelize.
o Emperor learned the principles of Christianity and they harmonized with
teachings of ancient Chinese philosophers
o Emperor was equipped with both Asian and western learnings

 Eventually, all missionary work was banned in China

o There was tension between the two camps (Jesuits and Franciscans)
o Other religious orders were prevented from entering China, but this was short
lived, and Franciscans were given permission to enter China (marks the
beginning of the rights controversy based on their different methods of
evangelization)
o Even in the Philippines, there was tension between the Jesuits, Franciscans
and Dominicans (there was suppression of the Jesuits worldwide, they were
kicked out of the Philippine islands)

 The Jesuits were eyeing China because they had the largest population in the
world and had more souls to be saved. And if they were converted into
Christianity, it would be a great victory to the Catholic church. (The China’s
population was about 20 million)

 1705: In the word of Kangxi, the Europeans are very quiet. They do no harm to
anyone and commit no crimes. It was permitted to worship the God brought by
Christians. They were not offered no opposition.
o The new missionaries came to dictate, and it was regarded as unfriendly and
an abuse of Chinese hospitality. The emperor complained that the new
arrivals (Dominicans and Franciscans), made ill-mannered statements.
o January 17, 1707: the emperor let the missionaries to stay if they declare that
the God of the Chinese are same with the Christians.
o There was politics inside the church.
o All missionaries were ordered out of the empire including the Jesuits.
 This is where respect matters. The emperor was gracious enough to
let the missionaries in his empire and evangelize his people and yet
the new missionaries gave ill-mannered statements in return. This
disrespect by the missionaries led to all of them being ordered out of
 the empire including the Jesuits who were not among those who made
ill-mannered statements.

 China as the Bastion of Catholicism in Asia was not meant to be.

 The whole lecture made me curious of what happened to the Chinese
people after these missionaries left. I am left wondering if they made a
significant mark on the Chinese populace. According to current
statistics, the religion with the most followers in China is Buddhism and
Christianity is no where near second to it. As much effort and time
these missionaries spent in China, it appears that their plan to
evangelize China into Christianity is not meant to be and it is reflected
by the present China.

Ma’am Celestina Boncan, Ph.D:

 Panimula: Pagdating ng Kristiyanismo sa Pilipinas
o 1521: Pagdating ng ekspedisyon ni Ferdinand Magellan (nilibot ang
Pilipinas at itinanim nila ang buto ng Kristiyanismo sa pamamagitan ng
pagbibinyag na unang naganap sa Cebu)
o 1565: pagdating ng ekspedisyon ni Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (dinala ni
Legazpi ang pagbibinyag sa iba pang pulo ng Pilipinas katulad ng
Panay)
o 1571: Pagtatag ng Maynila bilang kapitolyo ng kolonyang Espanyol ng
PIlipinas (mas matibay at permanenting kapitolyo)

 Binyag: Sakramento ng pagpasok sa Mundo ng Kristiyanismo

o 1571 pataas: pagpapatahimik at pagbibinyag sa Luzon (dumami ang
bilang ng binyagang Pilipino, ang binyag ay sumasagisag ng pagpasok
ng isang tao sa Kristiyanismo sa pamamagitan ng pagbuhos ng ilang
patak ng tubig sa ulo ng isang sangol habang sinasabi ang
“Binibinyagan kita sa ngalan ng Ama, ng Anak, at ng Espiritu Santo)
o Ang pagbibinyag ay tanda ng pagkasapi na sa Kristianismo, pati ang
pagtawag na Kristyano.
 I have nothing against Catholics but if baptism is the marker of a
person being a follower of the faith, wouldn’t it make more
sense if this was done to adults rather than babies? Do babies
have a concept of faith at that stage of development? Definitely
not. Even if there was no form of physical harm done to the
baby through baptism, it is still forced upon them. This is unfair
to the child. Maybe this is why most Filipinos just call
themselves Catholics but never really practice the faith. They
were just baptized into the religion without fully deciding to
 follow the faith themselves. Their parents/guardians made the
decision for them without proper consent.

o Compadrazgo: pagtatakda ng mga ninong at ninang bilang ikalawang

magulang para gabayan ang bagong binyag na bat ana maging isang
mabuting Kristiyano

 Pamumuhay sa Pueblo: Ang Mundo ng Binyagang Pilipino

o Paglipat ng Indio sa ibang lalawigan upang madagdagan ang bilang ng
populasyon ng malalayong pueblo at upang makapagtrabaho sa
lilipatang lalawigan
o Magpadala ng Ilocano para magtanim ng bulak at gumawa ng
langsangan, inaasahang magdala ito ng kasaganahan
o Tributo ang tawag sa taunang buwis na binabayaran ng mga indiong
lalakit na dalawampung taong gulang pataas at may asawa,
mababayaran ito sa pamamagitan ng pera, palay, bigas, mais, manok,
isda, tela, pulot, pruta, o gulay.
o Ginagamit ang tribute para sa pamamahala at ebanghelisasyon.
o Ang mga kailangan sa Pueblo ay nanggagaling sa mga abuloy ng mga
indio.
o May mga panahon na hindi nakakabayad ng tribute ang mga
mamamayan. Ang mga kahilingan para sa hindi pagbayad ng tributo
ay: maliit na ani ng palay, pagpapatayo ng simbahan, pagsasaayos ng
simbahan, pagsasaayos ng casa real.
o Polo y servicio ay ang paninilbihan ng residente ng pueblo sa mga
gawain ng pueblo. Ang ginagawang trabaho dito ay pagtatanim sa
mga lupain ng pueblo, pagpapatayo at pagsasaayos ng simbahan at
casa real, pagpapagawa ng mga imprastraktura para sa pagtatanggol
ng pueblo.
o Ang mga banta sa pueblo ay nanggagaling mula sa mga armadong
grupo sa labas ng pueblo katulad ng mga Muslim at mga Tulisan
o Upang protektahan ang pueblo, kayilangan na magtayo ng mga kuta,
at magkarron ng mga bangka at armas.
o Sa pueblo nahirapan ang mga pueblo sa pagbayad ng tributo at
pagbabayad ng serbisyo.
 Everything about the setup of the Pueblo is unfair to the Indios.
They were forced to pay an unreasonable amount for their
taxes. They were also forced to work unfair hours to build
infrastructures and other physically demanding labor without
proper compensation.
  In plain text, it may seem that the work done by the Indios are
for their own good since they are residing within the pueblo, this
is far from the truth. Indios were treated unjustly and was forced
to do hard labor, saying no was not an option as this would lead
to beatings or worse, death.

Ma’am Mary Josefti Nito, M.A.

The Philippines in the Narrative of the Magellan-Elcano Expedition: Navigating
the Quincentennial Celebrations today

 The Philippines did not exist during this time

o There are events in our Philippine waters, the Magellan-Elcano expedition
has a lot of impact not only for the Philippines but also for different countries
and cultures.
o It was considered the greatest maritime challenge in history during this time
o At the beginning, there is no goal of circumnavigation. If Magellan did not die,
it is most likely that he would like to go back through the Pacific which they
would not survive.
o 1502 World Map by Planisferio de Cantino, beyond Brazil was uncharted.
o Spain wanted to take part in the lucrative trade of spices (their value was their
weight in gold)
o The expedition was for the sake of glory
o The expedition started with 5 ships, left at different points

 Ferdinand Magellan, not a popular leader because he was Portuguese. He

was also not good at communicating with his people. He kept the route a
secret from his crew.
o The expedition is composed of unique people who have their own
stories about the expedition.

 Somewhere along the route, one ship was ruined, and another boat returned
to Spain since they thought the expedition was a failure. The support to
Magellan’s family was removed.
o With 3 ships, they were so happy they found the Pacific, they called it
as such because it was peaceful “Pacify”
o They didn’t know the vastness of the Pacific and they were grossly
unprepared for it
o Rats became a specialty because they lacked that much food

 They made it to Guam, and they were robbed by the Locals

 Form all these experiences, the island of Samar might have looked like a
paradise to them. They were welcomed with fresh water and welcoming
locals
 NHCP adopts recommendation 1521 Easter Sunday Mass indeed took place
in Limasawa.
 There was hesitation in baptizing natives since they could not leave any men

 In the ambush, 26 Spanish have recorded to have died. The remaining crew
escaped the island, and they left many of their crew. There is an account of
the crew members begging to be saved. After that ambush, they were
leaderless and distraught. They were just finding land.
o Because the loss of men, they burned down one ship. They were down
to two ships.
 The ambush proves that Spaniards are not the only ones who
knew deception.

o Victoria is left. Elcano decided to take the risk of taking the route, they
persevered by taking the route where they are unable to stop for land.
There was a spike of death of the crew because they needed
provisions.
o They decided they needed provisions, so they stopped in guide of
coming from the Americas. Some crew members were caught because
they paid in spices.
o They were down to one boat and 18 men.
o This expedition reveals to us who we were before the coming of the
Spanish. Our culture and identity.
 There is so much to learn about the Philippines even before our
colonizers arrived. Studying history is an important part of a
student’s life because it reminds us of our roots.

o This expedition introduced Christianity and the devotion to Sto. Nino