NAME: REBUSTES CHRISTIAN R.

SECTION: FOPMP2 SCORE:

1. Who is the author of the Customs of Tagalogs? In what capacity did the author wrote this? Identify his biases.
Early in the 16th century, Juan de Plasencia—real name Juan Portocarrero—was born in Plasencia, Extremadura,
Spain. He was a Spanish friar of the Franciscan Order and one of Pedro Portocarrero's seven children, a captain
of a Spanish schooner. He was one of the first Franciscan missionaries to arrive in the Islands on July 2, 1578. He
spent the majority of his missionary career in the Philippines, where he established numerous towns in Luzon
and wrote numerous religious and linguistic works, including the Doctrina Cristiana (Christian Doctrine), the first
book ever printed in the country. As soon as he arrived, he teamed up with another missionary, Fray Diego de
Oropesa, and they both began preaching in the Quezon Province communities of Tayabas and Laguna de Bay,
where he established several settlements.
Juan de Plasencia's account of "Tagalog Customs" was inspired by his missionary work in the Philippines. He
wrote about the culture and society of the people in Luzon, which may have led to misconceptions and
prejudices of our ancestors. The author's lack of understanding of the sociopolitical situation in Luzon is not
surprising, as the Philippines' only system of government at the time was the barangay. "Customs of the
Tagalogs" is written through the eyes and hands of a Spaniard, who primarily did this to the advantage of
himself and his fellow Spaniards to
exploit our ancestors.

2. Is it fair to say that we don’t have a civilization during the pre-colonial period? Use the primary source to
argue. Cite at least three evidences based on the article.
That is unfair to me because "Tagalog Customs" demonstrated how our forefathers survived without the
support of any significant western governments. The way that our predecessors oversaw a group of people
known as barangays was unique. They already conduct business with surrounding nations. If we take a closer
look, we can see that the pre-colonial Filipinos were quite civilized, had a functioning political system, and had a
diverse cultural heritage. Community Laws and Political Structure: There were both written and unwritten rules
among the first Filipinos. The datus promulgated the written laws. The "maragtas Code," which is believed to
have been written around 1250 A.D. by Datu Sumakwel of Panay, and the "Kalingitaw Code," which was written
in 1433 A.D. by Datu Kalintiaw of Panay, are the two known written codes from the pre-Spanish era.

3. How did the Spaniards used Christianity as way to colonize the early Tagalogs?
The religious rituals of the Tagalogs in the pre-Spanish era There were no temples or open places of worship;
instead, each person had his or her own anitos in which they offered sacrifices and performed other acts of
worship. They murdered pigs or chicks as sacrifices and celebrated such events with feasting, music, and
intoxication.
Diverse barangays were purposefully combined into towns during the Spanish era so that Catholic missionaries
could more readily convert the locals to Christianity. Most of the lowland residents were converted to
Christianity by the missionaries. They also started a university, hospitals, chapels, and schools. Catholic order
members frequently established missions in the colonies' furthest frontiers. By converting the native
populations living there to Christianity, the missions assisted the Spanish empire's growth.

4. Did Andres Bonifacio write the Kartilya? What is the purpose of the Kartilya?
Emilio Jacinto wrote The Kartilya ng Katipunan in 1892. He was a brilliant and courageous young man who was
regarded as the heart and mind of the Katipunan.
"Duties of the Sons of the People," which were carefully upheld by the Katipunan members, were initially
written by Andres Bonifacio. The Decalogue revealed Bonifacio's worldview. Subsequently, as the Katipunan's
 official teaching, Bonifacio embraced Emilio Jacinto's Kartilya ng Katipunan. The distinction between Bonifacio's
Decalogue and Kartilya ng Katipunan is that the latter is a much longer, more philosophical work that presents
principles of virtue as lessons for introspection.
The Katipuneros developed the Kartilya in order to alter how Filipinos thought and behaved. Members had to
read it and follow its rules of behavior. The Philippines could only be improved in this way, it was believed. The
Katipunan's philosophy and ideology was to present virtue as lessons for self-reflection, to assert that it is one's
inner qualities rather than one's outward appearance that determine one's greatness, to appreciate the essence
of its original Tagalog form, to be a vision for an equal and morally upright Filipino nation, and to emphasize the
significance of ideas of Right and Light (Katwiran and Kaliwanagan).
They were intellectual and moral revolutionaries working to forge and define a post-Enlightenment nation and
culture that was free of the Western world's colonial and ideological constraints and instead adopted and
merged the best elements of Spain, the United States, France, and our own distinct culture and society.

5. “Ang babai ay huag mong tignang isang bagay na libangan lamang, kundi isang katuang at karamay sa mga
kahirapan nitong kabuhayan; gamitan mo ng buong pagpipitagan ang kaniyang kahinaan, at alalahanin ang
inang pinagbuhata’t nagiwi sa iyong kasangulan.” This is one the provisons in the Kartilya. Can we say that
there is gender equality during that time? Argue.
Since it was written that we must treat others with respect because, as we all know, during the Spanish colonial
era, indios were treated as people of lower status or ability than the white Europeans, I believe that we are
seeking and fighting for equality not just in gender but in all aspects of life. The Katipunan believed it to be
unjust and wicked, and they wanted this type of hierarchy to be abolished. To be completely honest, when I
read what was stated, I was shocked. I was shocked to learn that the ilustrados were fighting for universal
equality. We all understand that no one pays attention to that particular issue—discrimination—during such
times. People only begun paying attention to it in recent years. That's why I'm both shocked and happy that our
ilustrados succeeded in achieving equality for all. This kind of circumstance is still relevant in today's world.
Discrimination is widespread and pervasive.

6. Discuss the relevance of these documents in the general narrative of Philippine History. Cite at least two
reasons for each document.
With influences from Chinese, Indian, Arab, and other Asian civilizations, the culture of the Philippines is a fusion
of Malayo-Polynesian and Hispanic culture. It is mainly by Roman Catholics, who often display their commitment
to faiths by taking risks to touch the Black Nazarene in Quiapo Manila. On the other side, the Filipinos are
renowned for their superstitious beliefs, which are a result of their forefathers' traditions, customs, and culture.
These ideas try to keep people safe or persuade them to do something. The primary ancestors of Filipinos are
Malays who arrived from Indonesia. The Philippines is a multiple and single blended society. It is home to several
religious and ethnolinguistic communities, including Christians, Muslims, and others, and is welcoming to people
of all races, cultures, and worldviews. The fact that many of the beliefs and customs from the 16th century are
still in use today proves that the Filipino people already had a government and a system of beliefs and customs.
We are proud of our own identity knowing how beautiful the Philippines has evolved since then.
The Kartilya ng Katipunan is a guide for new Katipunero teachers that captures the moral and nationalistic ideals
of a country that struggled for independence. It finishes with a document of affirmation by the members to the
society's beliefs. It is supposed to serve as evidence that Filipinos worked together to achieve their objective and
as a manual for enjoying each day to the fullest. It also emphasizes the need of having the proper perspective on
other people.