Kartilya

Summarize and conceptualize the lessons in Aralin 1-5 (Midterm Coverage). How does
it impact the Philippines in general? And how would you relate it to your life as a college
student?

Aralin 1
➢ Lesson 1 is all about the Rizal Law, also known as Republic Act No. 1425, a
Philippine law that requires all educational institutions in the Philippines to offer
José Rizal courses. This calls for a stronger sense of nationalism among Filipinos
at a time when the Filipino identity is fading. And it was strongly opposed by the
Catholic Church in the Philippines, owing to Rizal's anti-clericalism in Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo. The Executive Order No. 75, "Creating the National
Heroes Committee Under the Office of the President," issued by former President
Fidel V. Ramos on March 28, 1983, is also mentioned in this lesson. The National
Heroes Committee was charged with researching, evaluating, and recommending
Filipino national heroes.
Aralin 2
➢ Relevant to how the context of social, political, and educational systems drove
Filipinos to hunger liberty and justice, the second lesson highlighted on how these
three aforementioned systems shaped the image of the Philippines and its people
in experiencing change and feeling the need to defend for one's national freedom.
In a government in which, for instance, patriarchy and feudalism were prevalent,
politics were more biased to the Spanish government and priestly rulings, gaining
control above the rest. Orders and decisions from the supreme body manipulated
the political system of the country like it was some children's play — plotting every
tactic to keep the Philippines within the chains of Spain. Meanwhile, it was further
understood how social systems clearly distinguished people based on social status
— implying how higher-ups (peninsulares and friars in the top class, and favored
natives, meztizos, and criollos in middle class) enjoy more privilege and power
over poor ones (landless indios). Moreover, instead of drawing emphasis to the
academic interest of students, religious courses were forcibly included to student
loads and responsibilities than others. This educational privilege were more
 allowed and prejudiced to Spanish-blooded than Filipino-bred students. We can
say these aspects caused and urged several heroic acts; even some who used
their position as "educated ilustrados", like Jose Rizal, to initiate revolution without
the need for bloodshed. Even so, the practices and ideals we inherited and
adapted from Spanish education either became helpful or harmful to us based on
our respective circumstances, but 'them' being part of our long history was still
meaningful as they were partly the benefactors on how we live our Filipino culture
from generation to generation. Also, as citizens, we become aware of our rights,
such as suffrage and freedom of expression, to prevent and combat unjust and
corruptive political system. Though there is no such way as "perfect governance",
there can be this so-called "good governance", and that is what matters more.
Aralin 3
➢ The lesson 3 is all about the antecedents of the nationalism and culture of Dr. Jose
Rizal. The negritos and Malay are the first culture who was already there in the
Philippines before the Spanish colonial period. Negro are came from the Spanish
word negritos which means "maliit na negro". The Malay group are the one who
brings the writing system in the Philippines and it is called Syllbaries writing also
known as baybayin. The characteristics of the Filipinos is hard to identify and give
meanings because of the trades and colonialism influences. Examples of the
Filipino characteristics are the Ningas kugon, mañana habit, sociable, good
reception and treatment, Respect for the elders, bahala na habit, and close family
ties. This lesson is how there were various tribes and others related to the
formation of tradition and culture that became part of Rizal's personality.

Aralin 4
➢ Brutality and terrorism has led Spanish control in the 16th and 19th centuries. The
three martyred priests' deaths provided evidence of the protracted battle of Filipino
priests in the religious sphere, which led to a disagreement over the rights of the
secular priest against the parishes and to strife between the regular and secular
priests inside the church. Gomburza's death cemented the emerging nationalism
that so many people were feeling. From there, the idea of "Filipino" and "Philippine"
 only expanded. Together with Rizal, the liberal beliefs that sparked the
unintentional martyrdom of the Katipunan gave them more confidence; they even
went as far as using the code "Gomburza" to do so. In the end, the secularization
movement would develop into a demand for a church that was exclusively Filipino.
Father Gregorio Aglipay, Isabelo de los Reyes, and two men, participated in the
Revolution of 1896. The desire would come true thanks to Gregorio Aglipay, who
established the Iglesia Filipina Independiente, a church that was genuinely Filipino.
Aralin 5
➢ Aralin 5 is all about revolts, artworks, and persons who contribute great help to
Philippine freedom. As stated in Aralin 5 that Filipino learners came to Spain which
led them to be awakened about the culture when the Spaniards opened their doors
to Filipinos. Revolts and organizations have started in schools that require a full
understanding of the goal and the main objectives of the organization. It's about
Filipinos that have been awakened by the Spaniards ruling against the priests who
secretly abused their blindness.