Republic of the Philippines

Northwest Samar State University

Rueda St., Calbayog City 6710
Website: http//www.nwssu.edu.ph Doc. Code: IQA-QF-03
Email: main@nwssu.edu.ph Revision No.: 02
Telefax: (055) 2093657
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Effective Date: May 21, 2020

Student: Manuel III D. Gacud Program: BSED 3- Mathematics

Professor: Mr. Galo Pitogo Semester: 2nd Semester
GE 9 – The Life and Works of Rizal S.Y.: 2020 - 2021

Exercise #3 for Midterm Period

1.Discuss briefly in your words the political situation of the Philippines during Rizal's
time.
 In the time of Rizal, the entire Philippines was under the Spanish colonization.
where in, the government is more likely controlled by priest rather than officials.
rebellion was still in rampage, there was still a large resistance against the
Spaniards. Filipinos or so called "Indios", were put into slavery and the
exploitation of resources was at large. The political situation in this time was a
great government but they do abuse the Filipinos which is their attendant, the
entire Philippines was under the Spanish colonization. The sinister shadows of
Spain's decadence darkened Philippine skies. The Filipino people agonized
beneath the yoke of Spanish misrule, for they were unfortunate victims of the
evils of an unjust, bigoted, and deteriorating colonial administrating colonial
power.

2. Name five (5) political abuses or corrupt practices committed by the Spaniards during
Rizal's time and define each.
 Frailocracy
 a government owned by the friars controlled the religious and educational
life of the Philippines and later in the 19th century they came to acquire
political power, influence and riches.
 Forced Labor
 also known as Polo, Polistas are the people who perform polo compulsory
labor imposed to adult males. Originally, males from 16 - 60 years old
were obliged to work for 40 days a year. by Royal Decree, it was changed
to 16 - 18 years old and reduced numbers to 15. The provision included
the Spanish males but it was never implemented for it is the Filipinos who
did the dirty work. The well-to-do were able to escape the maual labor by
paying the falla - the sum of money paid to the gov't. in order to be
 exempted. polistas are supposed to receive 50 cents or 2 pesetas, but
was receiving only half of it, worst nothing.
 The Guardia Civil
 purpose of maintaining internal peace and order in the Philippines.
 patterned after the famous and well-disciplined Guardia Civil in Spain
 Corrupt Colonial Officials (or Corrupt Officialdom)
 Spaniards who were sent to the Philippines were not the likes of the
Spaniards during the Siglo de Oro. Men of the likes of Miguel Cervantes,
Lope de Vega, etc. such that men of the likes of Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo,
a boastful ruthless general. Commanded the execution of the Gomburza
Gen. Primo de Rivera. became rich by accepting bribes from the casinos
in manila which he scandalously allowed to operate.
 Instability of Colonial Administration
 instability of spanish politics since the turbulent reign of King Ferdinand VII
proof: 1 magistrate was assigned to the Philippines but use the route
through the cape of Good hope. Thus, after arriving in the country another
JURIST was there claiming that he was assigned after him and is now
occupying his position.

3. Describe briefly in your own words the system of education in the Philippines during
Rizal's time.
 During the time of Rizal, or during the late 18th to early 19th century, the Friars
occupied the Philippines. These friars controlled the educational system in the
Philippines and they were able to own different schools comprising from the
primary level to the tertiary levels of education. The people who took charge in
teaching, implementation of the rules and regulations and the monitoring of
students were assigned to the missionaries during that time. The teachings of the
Catholic religion were emphasized to the levels of education in the schools
owned by the friars. In the primary level, they were taught of the Christian
Doctrines, how to read Spanish books and a little of the native’s language. In the
universities, Science and Mathematics were not very much introduced to the
students. Instead of Spanish, students were taught how to speak and understand
Latin. Education under the Spanish administration was privileged only to Spanish
students. Philippine education was only a means to remain in the Philippines as
colonizers. Filipinos became followers to the Spaniards even if these things
happened here in the Philippines. Filipinos were greatly influenced by the
Spaniards to the extent that even their lifestyles were already influenced by the
Spaniards. The educated Filipinos were called as ilustrados and they began
movements directed towards change in the government of the Philippines. They
wanted to be the same level with the proud Spaniards. The growing number of
ilustrados in the Philippines is considered as one of the major effects of
education by the Spaniards in the Philippines.
4. What is your understanding of masonry? Why did Rizal join the organization?
 Masonry is one of the world's oldest and largest earthly fraternal organizations,
whose members are concerned with moral and spiritual values. The Fraternity
aims to unite men of opposing beliefs into a pleasant-sounding and productive
community through the application of Masonic moral values and the practice of
benevolence, intellectual development, and mutual respect. Rizal's prime
encounter with Freemasonry occurred when he was in Spain, where he made the
acquaintance of some liberal and republican Spaniards who were mostly
Masons. His central motive in joining the society was to secure the aid of the
Freemasons in his battle against the abusive friars in the Philippines. He
admired the way these Masons scrutinized and criticized the methods of the
government and criticized the haughty friars, a freedom which could not be
practiced in the Philippines. On November 15, 1890, Rizal became a Master
Mason in Lodge Solidaridad in Madrid. Two years later he was awarded Master
Mason in Paris by Le Grand Orient de France.

5. Define the following terms according to your understanding:

A. Politics
 Politics, in its widest sense, is the activity through which people make, preserve
and amend the general rules and regulations under which they live. Politics is
thus inseparably linked to the phenomena of conflict and cooperation.
B. Political development
 Is an immanent process with an evolutionary spillover. Political development
enhances the state's capacity to mobilize and allocate resources, to process
policy inputs into implementable outputs. This assists with problem‐solving and
adaptation to environmental changes and goal realization.
C. Liberalism
 It is a political doctrine that takes protecting and enhancing the freedom of the
individual to be the central problem of politics. Liberalism is more than one thing.
On any close examination, it seems to fracture into a range of related but
sometimes competing visions. Liberals typically believe that government is
necessary to protect individuals from being harmed by others, but they also
recognize that government itself can pose a threat to liberty.
D. Democracy
 Is an inclusive political system in which all groups can participate and all voices
are heard. It is where transparent and accountable politicians work together in
the interests of their citizens. Democracy gives people a real say; it means they
are included in the important decisions in their country or communities, and can
 make their voices heard. Yet, all around the world, democracy is under attack.
It’s up to us to take action and defend the freedoms that democracy provides.
E. Peninsulares
 They are the highest class in the Philippines, entrusted with the offices of high
rank. Peninsulares are pure blooded Spaniards born from Spain and sent to
Spanish colonies to govern. Often times, they are awarded with great favors and
large quantities of land.
F. Insulares
 They are a rank below the peninsulares. The insulares or criollos are of
European descent but born in the colonies of Spain. A son or daughter of a
Spanish couple is an insulare. Eventually, they may have been inter-marrying
with Filipinos or other races here in the country, thus producing the mestizos.
G. Nationalism
 Is an ideology based on the premise that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to
the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests? Nationalism is the
attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national
identity, and it is the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to
achieve (or sustain) self-determination.
H. Inquilino
 Is a laborer indebted to a landlord who allows him to form a farm in parts of his
property (usually in the marginal lands to keep away intruders) and who in
exchange works without pay for the landlord. The inquilinos provided key
manpower to carry out tasks like the gathering of livestock (rodeo) and slaughter.
I. Hacienda
 a large landed estate, especially one used for farming or ranching. It is a large
estate where work of any kind is done such as agriculture, manufacturing,
mining, or raising of animals. It is also called as cultivated farm, with a good
house, in distinction from a farming establishment with rude huts for herdsmen.