LSSTI - Maranding

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 LANAO SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INC.,
Maranding, Lala, Lanaodel

New
Normal

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
First Semester A.Y. 2020-2021

LEARNING
MODULE
In
The Life and Works of Rizal
Name of
Student:______________________________________
_
Course and
Year:_______________________________________
Andreife R. Fabe
 Instructor
The Life and Works of Rizal

MODULE 13

The Philippines: A Century Hence

LESSON COVERAGE
In this module, you will take the following lessons:
Lesson 1:
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
Lesson 2
CHAPTER III
Lesson 3
CHAPTER IV

In this lesson, you will do the following:

Lesson 1 Explore the historical sense of Rizal
Enumerate the several issues that concern our country.
Lesson 2 Distinguish the possibilities when Philippine will remain under
the control of Spain transformation
Lesson 3 Explain the government situation of Philippines when Americans
arrive

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOME

To do well in this module, you need to demonstrate an understanding of:

1. effects of Rizal’s execution on Spanish colonial rule and the Philippine Revolution

2. the possibilities when Spain take over the Philippines

3. the independence of the Philippines

ANDREIFE R. FABE
Instructor
MODULE 13 The Philippines:
A Century Hence

Chapter i.

This article he wrote in La Solidaridad was pondering: Is this true? Is this

the article that, predicted the future of the Philippines from time? Is this
Rizal’s precious intellect, to be our national hero, more of a human being that
he was?

What supplied Rizal of the heart for passion for his country became his primary mission
to save from the terror and tyranny of the cruel Spaniards. His allusion of the past
Philippines and reading gave the spark of idea to Rizal that he is not actually
prophesying; instead, he was telling in his article was but any analysis.

Installing fear on the current regime of Spanish tyranny for them to fly away from the
country; expressing sadness and failure, that even if Spain let loose hold of the
Philippines, there will be other countries in the world that are ready to take hold of our
country; or maybe Rizal was even giving a hint of hope to the Filipinos that sooner or
later, a great nation will save their country from the oppressive rule of Spain.

CHAPTER II.

What will become of the Philippine within a century? Will they continue to be
a Spanish colony?

He discusses first the history of Malayan Filipinos. He stated that, the Philippine peoples
have remained faithful during 3 centuries, giving up their liberty and their independence,
sometimes dazzled by the hope of the paradise promised, sometimes cajoled by the
friendship offered them by a noble and generous people like the Spanish , sometimes also
compelled by superiority of arms of which ignorant and which timid spirits invested with
a mysterious character. The invading foreigner took advantage of internecine feuds to
step in as the peacemaker in discord and thus after to dominate both parties and subject
them to his authority.
Because of that Rizal expose the several issues that concern our country.
1. The abuse of human rights.
2. The lack of freedom of the press.
He said that, the Philippines will remain under Spanish domination, but with more law
and greater liberty, or they will declare themselves independent after steeping themselves
and the mother country in blood.
That statement, Rizal just wanted liberty from Spain not total separation. In his essay we
see is urging to put freedom in our land through peaceful negotiations with the Spanish
gov. in Spain.

CHAPTER III.

 If the Philippine will remain under the control of Spain transformation will eventually
happen and will affect the people. In this case some governors have been trying to
introduce needed reforms.
 But it produced scanty result for the government as well as to the country. With this,
our country is most likely reminded to Sancho Panza in Barataria island where he
took his seat on appointed table covered with fruits and variety of food but when
Pedro Rezio interposed Sancho was as hungry as ever.
 That he should not eat except according to the usage and custom of other island.
Philippines is like Sancho reforms are the dishes, Rezio are those persons interested in
not having the dishes touched.
 The result is the long suffering of Sancho (Philippines) misses his liberty and ends up
rebelling. In his manner as long as the Philippines have no liberty of press all the
efforts of the colonial ministers will meet the fake like the dishes in Barataria Island.
 The minister who wants his reforms be reforms must begin by declaring the press in
the Philippines free and by insulting Filipino delegates.
 A government that governs in a country may even dispense with the press because it
is on the ground has eyes and ears, and directly observes what is rules and
administers.
 But a government that governs a far requires that the truth and face reach its
knowledge by every possible channel that it may weigh and estimate them better, and
this need increases when a country like Philippines is concerned.
 A risk does the government see in them. One of the three things either that they will
prove unruly, become political trimmers or act properly.
 Supposing that we should yield to the most absurd pessimism and admit the insult.
 Great for the Philippines but still greater for Spain, certainly the Spanish people does
not spare its blood were patriotism is concerned but would not a struggle of principles
in parliament be preferable to the exchange of lands.
 Because the Spanish parliament especially abounds in oratorical paladins invisible in
debate.
 So, we see no serious reason why Philippines may not have representatives. We know
that the lack of enlightenment, the indolence, the egotism may convert reform into a
harmful instrument.
 When the laws and the acts of officials are kept under surveillance the word justice
may cease to be a colonial just the things that makes the English must respected in
their possessions is their strict and speedy justice so that the inhabitants repose entire
confidence in the judge’s justice is the foremost.
 Virtue of the civilized races we could add other minor reforms touching commerce,
agriculture, security of individual and of property education and others.
 To recapitulate: The Philippines will remain Spanish if they enter upon the life of law
and civilization, if the rights of their inhabitants are respected, if the other rights due
them are granted, if the liberal policy of the government is carried out without false
interpretation.
 Otherwise, if an attempt is made to see in the islands a love to be exploited, a resource
to satisfy ambitious, however great may be the loyalty of Filipinos and it will be
impossible to hinder the operations of the law of history.
 Close indeed are the bonds that unite us to Spain. Two peoples o not live for three
centuries in continual contract, sharing a same lot, holding their same belief,
worshipping the same GOD but that ties are formed between them stronger that those
engendered by affection.
 We, who today are struggling by the legal and peaceful means of debate so
understand it without going beyond the pale of the law, but if violence first silences us
we have to misfortune to fall then we do not know what course will be taken that will
rush in to occupy the places that we leave vacant.
 In contemplating such an unfortunate eventually we must turn away in horror, and so
instead of closing our eyes we will face what the future may bring.

CHAPTER IV.

“The existence of a foreign body within another endowed with strength and
activity is contrary to all natural and ethical laws. Science teaches us that it
is either assimilated, destroy the organism, eliminated or becomes encysted”

The “foreign body” is Spain.

The “within another” is Filipinas (Philippines).

Dr. Rizal says that there are three possible outcomes:

1. The assimilation of Filipinas into Espanya (become a province of Spain with Filipinos
having full rights and privileges as accorded Peninsulares Spaniards or Spaniards born
on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe)
2. The destruction of Filipinas
3. The elimination of Spain (the foreign body) from Filipinas

Dr. Jose Rizal then discusses the likelihood of each option in the Philippines and of
course the last seems to be the most likely.
The question then arises as to what had awakened the hearts and opened the minds of
the Filipino people with regards to their plight. Eventually, the natives realized that
such oppression in their society by foreign colonizers must no longer be tolerated.

One question Rizal raises in this essay is whether or not Spain can indeed prevent the
progress of the Philippines:
1. Keeping the people uneducated and ignorant had failed. National consciousness
had still awakened, and great Filipino minds still emerged from the rubble.
 2. Keeping the people impoverished also came to no avail. On the contrary, living a
life of eternal destitution had allowed the Filipinos to act on the desire for a
change in their way of life. They began to explore other horizons through which
they could move towards progress.
3. Exterminating the people as an alternative to hindering progress did not work
either. The Filipino race was able to survive amidst wars and famine and became
even more numerous after such catastrophes. To wipe out the nation altogether
would require the sacrifice of thousands of Spanish soldiers, and this is something
Spain would not allow.

Spain, therefore, had no means to stop the progress of the country. What it needs to do is
to change its colonial policies so the they are in keeping with the needs of the Philippine
society and to the rising nationalism of the people.
What Rizal has envisioned in his essay came true. In 1898, the Americans wrestled with
Spain to win the Philippines, and eventually took over the country. Theirs was a reign of
democracy and liberty.
Five decades after Rizal’s death, the Philippines gained her long-awaited independence.
This was in fulfillment of what he had written in his essay:

“History does not record in its annals any lasting domination by one
people over another, of different races, of diverse usages and customs, of
opposite and divergent ideas. One of the two has to yield and succumb”

Name: ____________________________
Course&Year:_________________

Descriptive Title: ______________________________

EXERCISE A.

1. In the history of Malayan Filipinos. Rizal stated that, the Philippine

peoples have remained faithful during how long?
a. 2 centuries c. 4 centuries
b. 3 centuries d. 5 centuries
2. In his statement from Chapter IV, what does Rizal mean by “foreign
body”?
a. Tyrants c. Spain
b. Americans d. Philippines
3. Why did Rizal wrote “The Philippines a Century Hence?
a. to forecast the future of the country within a hundred years
b. to gain sympathy of the Filipinos
c. to fight the Spanish tyrants
d. All of the above
4. Who was the man from Barataria where he took his seat on appointed
table covered with fruits and variety of food.
a. Jose Riza c. Sancho Panza
b. Pedro Rezio d. None of these
5. Which of the following that Rizal does not want from Spain?
a. Total separation c. Freedom
b. Liberty d. Negotiation
6. The year where Americans wrestled with Spain to win the Philippines,
and eventually took over the country.
a. 1989 c. 1987
b. 1898 d. 1897
7. There is no serious reason why Philippines may not have representatives.
We know that the lack of ____may convert reform into a harmful
instrument.
a. Enlightenment c. Egotism
b. Indolence d. All of the above
8. How many decades after Rizal’s death when the Philippines gained her
long-awaited independence.
a. 4 decades c. 5 decades
b. 6 decades d. 6 decades
9. What encourage Rizal in his primary mission to save the country from the
terror and tyranny of the cruel Spaniards
a. Love of the Filipino Youth c. Passion for his country
b. Safety of Filipinos d. All of the above
10.In his statement from Chapter IV, what does Rizal mean by ‘within
another”?
a. Tyrants c. Spain
b. Americans d. Philippines
 The Life and Works of Rizal

MODULE 14
Letter to the Women of Malolos &
The Indolence of the Filipino

LESSONS AND COVERAGE

Lesson 1: To the Women of Malolos
Rizal’s message to Filipino women
The responsibilities of Filipino mothers to their children
Qualities mothers have to possess
Rizal’s advice to unmarried men and women
Lesson 2: The Indolence of the Filipino
Causes of the indolence of the Filipinos

In this lesson, you will do the following:

Lesson 1 Explain Rizal message to the women of Malolos

Lesson 2 Understand the reason Rizal wrote the essay

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOME:

To do well in this module, you need to demonstrate an understanding of:
1. Jose Rizal legacy to Filipino women
2. Responsibilities of Filipino Mothers to their Children
3. The reason Rizal wrote the essay of the Indolence of Filipino

ANDREIFE R. FABE
Instructor
 Letter to the
Women of Malolos
MODULE 14
& The Indolence
of the Filipino

Jose Rizal’s legacy to Filipino women is

embodied in his famous essay entitled, “To
the Young Women of Malolos,” where he
addresses all kinds of women – mothers,
wives, the unmarried, etc. and expresses
everything that he wishes them to keep in
mind. 

“To the Women of Malolos” was originally written in Tagalog.  Rizal penned this writing
when he was in London, in response to the request of Marcelo H. del Pilar.  The salient
points contained in this letter are as follows:

1. The rejection of the spiritual authority of the friars – not all of the priests in the
country that time embodied the true spirit of Christ and His Church.  Most of them
were corrupted by worldly desires and used worldly methods to effect change and
force discipline among the people.
2. The defense of private judgment
3. Qualities Filipino mothers need to possess – as evidenced by this portion of his letter,
Rizal is greatly concerned of the welfare of the Filipino children and the homes they
grow up in.
4. Duties and responsibilities of Filipino mothers to their children
5. Duties and responsibilities of a wife to her husband – Filipino women are known to be
submissive, tender, and loving.  Rizal states in this portion of his letter how Filipino
women ought to be as wives, in order to preserve the identity of the race.
6. Counsel to young women on their choice of a lifetime partner
 RIZAL’S MESSAGE TO FILIPINO WOMEN
Jose Rizal was greatly impressed by the fighting spirit that the young women of Malolos
had shown.  In his letter, he expresses great joy and satisfaction over the battle they had
fought.  In this portion of Rizal’s letter, it is obvious that his ultimate desire was for
women to be offered the same opportunities as those received by men in terms of
education.  During those days young girls were not sent to school because of the
universal notion that they would soon only be taken as wives and stay at home with the
children.  Rizal, however, emphasizes on freedom of thought and the right to education,
which must be granted to both boys and girls alike.

THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF FILIPINO MOTHERS TO

THEIR CHILDREN
Rizal stipulates a number of important points in this portion of his letter to the young
women of Malolos.  The central idea here, however, is that whatever a mother shows to
her children is what the children will become also.  If the mother is always kissing the
hand of the friars in submission, then her children will grow up to be sycophants and
mindless fools who do nothing but do as they are told, even if the very nature of the task
would violate their rights as individuals.

QUALITIES MOTHERS HAVE TO POSSESS

Rizal enumerates the qualities Filipino mothers have to possess:

1. Be a noble wife.
2. Rear her children in the service of the state – here Rizal gives reference to the women
of Sparta who embody this quality
3. Set standards of behavior for men around her.

RIZAL’S ADVICE TO UNMARRIED MEN AND WOMEN

Jose Rizal points out to unmarried women that they should not be easily taken by
appearances and looks, because these can be very deceiving.  Instead, they should take
heed of men’s firmness of character and lofty ideas.  Rizal further adds that there are
three things that a young woman must look for a man she intends to be her husband:
1. A noble and honored name
2. A manly heart
3. A high spirit incapable of being satisfied with engendering slaves.

“To the Women of Malolos” centers around five salient points (Zaide &Zaide, 1999):
1. Filipino mothers should teach their children love of God, country and fellowmen.
2. Filipino mothers should be glad and honored, like Spartan mothers, to offer their sons
in defense of their country.
3. Filipino women should know how to protect their dignity and honor.
4. Filipino women should educate themselves aside from retaining their good racial
values.
5. Faith is not merely reciting prayers and wearing religious pictures. It is living the real
Christian way with good morals and manners.

The Indolence of the Filipino

ESSAY
Published in La Solidaridad Madrid, Spain (July 15, 1890 – September 15,
1890)

Why did Rizal write this essay?

Rizal wrote this essay to defend the Filipinos from the charge that they
were born indolent.

Causes of the Indolence of the Filipinos

1. WARS
The inhabitants of the Philippines were dragged to
maintain the honor of Spain (thousands and
thousands of Filipinos were sent but nothing was
said if they ever returned to their homes).

Great diminution of the natives because the

governors got them as crews for the vessels they
send out.

2. PIRATICAL ATTACKS
Devastation of the terrible pirates
Reduced more and more the number of
inhabitants of the Philippines.
Burned down the towns, captured and enslaved men
Disarmed and subjected to tributes so that they were left without the means to defend
themselves

3. ATTITUDE OF THE FRIARS

At that time, the friars advised their poor
parishioners:
o To stop work in the mines,
o To abandon their industries,
o To destroy their looms and pointing
them that heaven is their sole hope
The friars told them that it is easier for a
poor man to enter heaven than for a rich
man
 4. LESSENING ENCOURAGEMENT
TO LABOR
Trade contact or relations between the
Bornean, Siamese, Cambodians and
Japanese nations were being cut off

The coast wide trade which was

flourishing before disappeared

5. MISERLY RETURN FOR ONE’S LABOR

(Selfish, greedy, mean)
ENCOMENDEROS
o Reduced many to slavery
o Compelled Filipinos to work for their benefit
o Made them sell their products at ab insignificant
price or for nothing or cheated them with false
measures
o Treated them like slaves

6. GAMBLING
The sugal (from Spanish word jugar, to
gamble) indicates that gambling was
unknown in the Philippines before the
Spaniards
Balasa – from the Spanish word
barajar, the introduction of playing
cards

7. FIESTAS
Gave their contribution to large number of
fiestas, lengthy masses, novenae,
processions, rosaries
Filipinos were much less lazy before the
word miracle was introduced into their
language
8. CURTAILMENT OF INDIVIDUAL
LIBERTY
(to cut off, to cut short, doubtful)
o Individual liberty is being cut off
o Accused of being a filibuster (rebel) or
a suspect
o Lack of confidence in the future
o Uncertainly of reaping the fruits of
their labor

9.
9. APATHY OF THE
GOVERNMENT
o No encouragement, aid pertaining to
commerce or agriculture
o The products coming from the
Philippines were burdened with
imposts and duties and have no free
entry in the ports of the mother country
and the consumption of the products
are not encouraged
o Due to the fraudulent (dishonest,
deceitful) manipulations of the Chines, the Filipino industries were dying

10.OWNERSHIP OF THE BIG

ESTATES BY THE FRIARS
o The best estates, the best tracts of land
in some province were in the hands of
the religious corporations
o The friars have deceived many by
making them believe that those estates
were prospering because those were
under their
Supervision

11. LACK OF MORAL SUPPORT

o Absence of moral support
o Absence of help from the government
o Education of the Filipino
 12.DEPRIVATION OF HUMAN DIGNITY
o The students have to contend with daily preaching that lowers
human dignity, gradually or brutally killing their self-respect
o Priests who boldly declared that it is evil for the Filipinos to
know Castilian, that the Filipinos should not be separated
from his carabao, and that he should not have any further
ambition.

13.FEELING OF INFERIORITY
o Constant plucking (pulling, removing) of the soul
o Deadens the energy
o Paralyzes all tendency towards advancement

14.VICIOUS DRESSING OF THE INTELLIGENCE

AND WILL
o “You can’t do more than old So and So! – Don’t aspire to
be greater than the curate! You belong to an inferior race!
You haven’t any energy”
o They say this to the child; and as it is repeated so often, it
has inevitably engraved in his mind and hence it seals and
shapes all his actions.
o Ridicules with cruel sarcasm

15.LACK OF AN IDEAL FOR A GOOD WORKER

o The Filipinos’ spirits were transformed according to
the taste of the nation that imposed upon them its
God and its laws
INSTEAD:
o Ideal and prototype tanned and muscular laborer
(who should have brought along with him the useful
iron implements and the hoes to till the fields)
BUT IT WAS AN:
o Aristocratic lord who brought along with him
stamped papers, crucifixes, bulls and prayer books
AS A RESULT:
o The imitative people became clerks, devout, prayer-loving, acquired ideas of luxurious
and ostentatious living without improving correspondingly their means of subsistence.
 16.LACK OF NATIONAL SENTIMENT
o (expression of emotional ideas, feelings, etc.)
o Scarcity of any opposition to the measures that are
prejudicial to the people and the absence of any
initiative that will redound to their welfare
o Deprived of the right of association, therefore they were
weak and inert (inactive, unmotivated, passive)
Name: ____________________________ Course&Year;
_______________
Descriptive Title: _________________________

EXERCISE A.
1. What is the essay that Published in La Solidaridad Madrid, Spain (July
15, 1890 – September 15, 1890)?
a. Letter to the Women of Malolos c. The Indolence of the
Filipino
b. Noli Me Tangere d. El Filibusterismo
2. Filipino mothers should teach their children love of God, country and
fellowmen.
a. God c. Fellowmen
b. Country d. All of the above
3. Why did Rizal wrote the essay “The Indolence of the Filipino”
a. To defend the Filipinos c. For the love of his country
b. To show sincerity for the people d. None of these
4. Rizal enumerates the qualities Filipino mothers have to possess:
a. Be a noble wife.
b. Rear her children in the service of the state
c. Set standards of behavior for men around her
d. All of the Above
5. Causes of Indolence where thousands and thousands of Filipinos were
sent but nothing was said if they ever returned to their homes.
a. Deprivation of human dignity c. Lack of Moral Support
b. Wars d. Apathy of the
Government
6. Back to education of women, Rizal said that education is the fundamental
source of:
a. Liberation c. Freedom
b. Salvation d. All of the above
7. In Rizal’s poem “A letter to the women of Malolos” he directly states that
he strongly believes that ___ can exert great influence towards the
liberation of their country.
a. Women c. Young Filipinos
b. Men d. All of the Above
8. Jose Rizal’s main idea in his letter to the young women of Malolos is that
since mothers are the first teachers of their children, he wants the women
to be ___ so that they can be efficient in teaching their children.
a. Brave c. Well Educated
b. Courageous d. All of the above
9. “To the Women of Malolos” was originally written in Tagalog.  Rizal
penned this writing when he was in London, in response to the request of:
a. Marcelo H. del Pilar c. Jose Burgos
b. Graciano Lopez-Jaena d. Mariano Ponce
10.Who said that it is easier for a poor man to enter heaven than for a rich
man.
a. Spaniards c. Friars
b. Americans d. Illustrados
 The Life and Works of Rizal

MODULE 15

The Rise of Filipino Nationalism

LESSONS AND COVERAGE
Lesson 1:
 Introduction
 Nationalism
 Opening of Philippines to World Commerce
Lesson 2:
 Secularization Movement
 Liberal Regime of de la Torre
Lesson 3:
 Cavite Mutiny
 Gomburza Execution

In this lesson, you will do the following:

Lesson 1 Define nationalism
Explore Philippines as the center for world trade
Lesson 2 Differentiate Regular Priest and Secular Priests
Identify the man that both Filipino and Spaniards
welcomed
Lesson 3 Determine the reason that mutiny broke out
Understanding the GOMBURZA execution

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

To do well in this module, you need to demonstrate an understanding of:
1. Philippines as the center for world trade
2. Regular Priest and Secular Priest
3. The Filipino rise of nationalism

ANDREIFE R. FABE
Instructor
 The Rise of
MODULE 15 Filipino
Nationalism

INRODUCTION
In the history of Philippines, the birth of nationalism went rather slowly due
to topography, language problems and colonial policy.
Nationalism is not a product of a sudden outburst of sentiment. It is brought
about by certain factors that gradually develop. It is
like a seed nourished by common ideals and aspiration
for national unity.

NATIONALISM
A belief, creed or political ideology that involves an
individual identifying with, or becoming attached to,
one’s nation. Nationalism is the feeling of oneness
among the people of certain country. In involves national identity.

OPENING OF PHILIPPINES TO WORLD COMMERCE

Transformed Philippines as the center for world trade. Provincial ports were
opened to foreign merchants.

Rise of the Middle Class

o Intelligentsia or ilustrado
o Comprised of the Spanish and Chines mestizos

Modernization of the Country

o 1839: Mail service
o 1853: 1st paper money (Philippine bank)
o 1880: hotel de Oriente (Binondo)
o 1846: 1st newspaper
Influx of Liberal Ideas

Due, primarily, to the opening of Philippines to world trade

The possibility of applying Western thoughts as a means to solve existing
problems in the country

SECULARIZATION MOVEMENT

Regular Priest and Secular Priests

o Regular priests belonged to religious orders. Their main task was to

spread Christianity.
o Secular priests were trained to run the parishes and were under the
supervision of the bishops.

-Conflict began when the bishops insisted on visiting the parishes that were
being run by regular priests.
-Secular priests must fill in the vacancy left by the regular clergy
-The increase of number in Christian converts proved to be too much
compared to the number of clerics
-Due to lack of personnel, the various religious orders opened membership to
young native Filipinos – 1698: Francisco Baluyut – 1st indio priest
Conflict mounted between the Spanish friars and Filipino Priests
 LIBERAL REGIME OF DE LA TORRE

-He was welcomed by both Filipinos and Spaniards

(June 23, 1869)
-A liberal Spaniard who practices liberal and
democratic principles
-He abolished flogging, relaxed media censorships, and
began limited secularization of education.

-Developed a close relationship with

the ilustrados
-The peaceful settlement of agrarian
unrest in Cavite – Guisas de la Torre
(Guardia Civil) police force headed
by Camerino, the leader of the revolt

Alpargatas – the Spanish national

footwear for peasants

CAVITE MUTINY
The liberal government established by Gov. Gen. Carlos Maria de la Torre
ended General Rafael Izquierdo – marked
the end of liberal policies
200 Filipino Soldiers (Cavite Arsenal)
o Abolition of exemption from polo y
servicio and payment of annual tribute
o January 20, 1872 – the mutiny broke out
under the leadership of Sergeant La
Madrid
o January 27, 1872 – 41 mutineers were
executed including Camerino

GOMBURZA EXECUTION

Father Mariano Gomez

Father Jose Burgos
Father Jacinto Zamora
February 17, 1872 – executed by the Spanish
colonizers on charge of subversion

Subversion – refers to an attempt to transform

the established social order and its structures
Garrote – a weapon most often referring to a
handheld ligature of chain, rope, scarf, wire or
fishing line used to strangle a person.

-Questioned Spanish authorities and demanded

reforms
-Their deaths awakened strong feelings of anger and resentment among the
Filipinos – Propaganda Movement – it was organized and participated by
the illustrados
Propaganda Movement
o La Liga Filipina
o La Solidaridad
La Liga Filipina has no intention of rising up in arms against the government
but the Spaniards still felt threatened
The Propaganda Movement put up its own newspaper, called La Solidaridad.
Name: ___________________________ Course&Year:________________
Descriptive Title: ____________________________

EXERCISE A.

1. The feeling of oneness among the people of certain country. In involves

national identity.
a. Nation c. Nationalism
b. Nationality d. All of the above
2. Refers to an attempt to transform the established social order and its
structures.
a. Subversion c. Propaganda Movement
b. Garrote d. None of the above
3. This is the year where the 1st newspaper was published.
a. 1864 c. 1854
b. 1846 d. 1845
4. The name of the 1 newspaper in the Philippines.
st

a. La Esperaña c. La Esperanza
b. La Ezperanza d. La liga Filipina
5. A liberal Spaniard who practices liberal and democratic principles.
a. Liberal Regime of dela Torre c. Mariano Ponce
b. Graciano Lopez-Jaena d. Zacinto Zamora
6. They belonged to religious orders. Their main task was to spread
Christianity.
a. Secular Priest c. Regular Priest
b. Friars d. All of the above
7. A weapon most often referring to a handheld ligature of chain, rope,
scarf, wire or fishing line used to strangle a person.
a. Subversion c. Propaganda Movement
b. Garrote d. None of the above
8. The day GOMBURZA executed by the Spanish colonizers on charge of
subversion.
a. Feb. 6, 1872 c. Feb. 17, 1872
b. Feb. 7, 1876 d. Feb. 16, 1876
9. The name of the 1 hotel in Binondo
st

a. hotel de Oriente c. La Ferra Hotel

b. hotel de Casa d. hotel de Binondo
10. Who defended the rights of the Filipino clergy?
a. Father Pedro Palaez c. Liberal Regime of dela Torre
b. Jose Rizal d. General Rafael Izquierdo
 The Life and Works of Rizal

MODULE 16
Jose Rizal and Philippine Nationalism
– National Symbol

LESSON AND COVERAGE

Lesson 1:
National Flag
National Song
National Costume
National Flower
National Tree
Lesson 2:
Pithecophaga jefferyi
Pinctada Maxima
“Kali” and “Eskrima”
National Hero
National Dance
Lesson 3:
Saribus rotundifolius
National Fruit
National Animal
National Fish

In this lesson, you will do the following:

Lesson 1 Determine the national flag; song; costume; flower; tree
Lesson 2 Determine the national bird; sea pearls; sports; national
hero; dance
Lesson 3 Determine the national leaf, fruit; animal; fish

To do well in this module, you need to demonstrate an understanding the

following:
1. Identify the Philippine national symbols
2. The reason of the Philippines nationalism
3. The importance of the Philippines national symbols

ANDREIFE R. FABE
Instructor
 Jose Rizal and
MODULE 16 Philippine
Nationalism –
National Symbol

In general, a symbol is used by the country or nation in order to identify themselves and
differentiate themselves from other countries. The symbols are those things or species
that define and show what Philippines and being a Filipino is like.

The flag is made of silk and is defined as a white equilateral triangle with
three yellow stars in each corner that represents the three island groups;
a sun that represents liberty
with eight rays that represent
the 8 provinces that fought in
the revolution; an upper blue
stripe that represents peace
and justice; and a lower red
stripe that represents

patriotism and valor but when it’s on the

upper side, it signifies a declaration of war.

The anthem is composed by Julian Felipe and the

poem is adapted from a Spanish poem “Filipina” by
José Palma. There are different versions of the
song, which includes the American version by Camilo
Osias named “Land of the Morning”.
 The national costumes of the country.
For the males, it is the upper garment
worn over a camisa de chino (Chinese
undershirt). For females, it is the
combination of a baro(blouse) and
saya(skirt), hence the name.

The sampaguita is also known as

the “Arabian Jasmine”. The white
color represents purity, simplicity,
humility and strength.

Also known as “rosewood”, it is

considered a national symbol due to
Proclamation No. 652 s. 1934 by
Governor Frank Murphy, which states
that you require permission to cut the
narra trees.

Scientifically known as “Pithecophaga jefferyi” or

commonly known as the monkey-eating eagle, is
one of the largest surviving eagles in the world.
This eagle was made national by former
President Ferdinand Marcos through
Proclamation No. 1732 in 1978.
Scientifically known as Pinctada Maxima
and known as South Sea Pearls, it was
declared national by Former President
Fidel V. Ramos through Proclamation
No. 905 s. 1996.

Also known by its two other names

“Kali” and “Eskrima”, it is a martial
arts that involves the use of two
weapons, sometimes bladed,
sometimes batons, and it also
involves the use of bare hands. The
origin of this sport is still
unconfirmed.

Also known as José Protasio Rizal

Mercado y Realonda, he was well-
known for his two novels: “Noli
me Tangere” and “El
Filibusterismo”. There is still a
dispute which determines if Rizal
is worthy of being the national
hero.
Some say that Tinikling is the
national dance while others say
Cariñosa. One thing is sure, as
long as there is no declaration
from the government, the
debate still continues. Tinikling
imitates the dance of the
tinikling bird while Cariñosa is a
Spanish dance for flirting.

Also known as the round-leaf

fountain palm or scientifically known
as Saribus rotundifolius, is an
unofficial national symbol.

The reason it was unofficaly called the national fruit is because it is

commonly seen in markets and a great food for desserts
Also known as the water buffalo, they are also commonly seen in the
Philippines, hence, the reason why they are unofficially national animals.

Also known as the nipa hut, it is the

symbol of Filipino homes. They are
commonly seen in the provinces.

Also known as milkfish, is a

favorite of the common folk as
the best part of the fish is the
belly fat. It was seen as the
national fish but was unofficial
as there is no law that would
make it official.
Name: ___________________________ Course&Year:_________________
Descriptive Title: ______________________________

EXERCISE A.
1. It is known by its two other due to Proclamation No. 652 s.
names “Kali” and “Eskrima”, it 1934.
is a martial arts that involves a. Coconut Tree
the use of two weapons. b. Narra
c. Taekwondo c. Mahogany
d. Arnis d. Anahaw
e. Swimming 9. Also known as the round-leaf
f. Boxing fountain palm or scientifically
2. A white color represents purity, known as Saribus rotundifolius
simplicity, humility and a. Anahaw
strength. b. Simple Leaf
a. Sampaguita c. Compound Leaf
b. Kumintang d. Ovate Leaf
c. Anahaw 10.What represent the three yellow
d. White Rose stars in each corner?
3. Who made the monkey-eating a. The Heroism of Gomburza
eagle a national bird of the b. The three island groups
Philippines? c. Freedom
a. Pres. Rodrigo Duterte d. None of the above
b. Pres. Ferdinand Marcos
c. Pres. Cory Aquino
d. Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo
4. They are commonly seen in the
province, known as nipa hut.
a. Coconut Leaves
b. Bahay Kubo
c. Abaca
d. Bani
5. It is a Spanish dance of flirting.
a. Tinikling
b. Cariñosa
c. Folk Dance
d. Tango
6. Who composed the national
anthem?
a. Julian Felipe
b. Juan Pablo
c. Julito Madangal
d. Juan Felipe
7. Known as Pinctada Maxima, it
was declared national by
Former President Fidel V.
Ramos.
a. Sea Shells
b. South Sea Pearls
c. Star Fish
d. Mud fish
8. Also known as “rosewood”, it
is considered a national symbol