Composite Steel Beams

10/9/2023
Composite Steel Beams
Professor Dr. Jahangir Alam

CEO and Founder of Qlearn
Former Professor of Civil Engineering, BUET, Dhaka
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Types of composite beams
Welded Wire Mesh

Or
Rebar
To control shrinkage crack
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Metal Composite Deck vs Metal Form

Deck
Metal Form Deck
Metal Composite Deck
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Typical Rebar Arrangement
In addition,
Provide negative rebar
on top of main beam
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Lateral Bracing Details
• Before concrete hardening = noncomposite

• After concrete hardening = composite
• After concrete hardening: Lb = 0 for all beams
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The Most Economical Solution

• Design total framing system for
composite action
• Use steel props under beam until
concrete hardening (2 weeks min)
• Use negative rebar on main beam in
perpendicular direction
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Types of composite beams
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Slippage between a steel beam and a concrete

deck
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Headed studs
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Floor beams and floor girders
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Dimensional requirements for headed

studs
Sub beam Main beam
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Partial and full composite

• Floor systems where a smaller number
of shear connectors are provided are
called partially composite because only
a portion of the concrete slab is
engaged.
• A fully composite system is one in
which enough shear connectors are
provided to completely engage the
concrete slab.
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studs in formed concrete
• The minimum lateral cover around headed studs is 1 in.
• The maximum stud diameter, Ds, is 2.5tf (tf is the beam
flange thickness). if the studs are located directly over
the beam web, then this provision does not apply.
• The minimum stud spacing along the longitudinal axis of
the beam is 6Ds (Ds is the stud diameter).
• The maximum stud spacing along the longitudinal axis of
the beam must be less than 8Ycon, or 36 in. (Ycon is the
total slab thickness).
• The minimum stud spacing across the flange width is
4Ds.
• The minimum stud length is 4Ds.
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studs in formed concrete
No metal deck
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Additional dimensional requirements for

headed studs in composite deck
• the rib height, hr, must be less than or equal to 3 in.
• the minimum rib width, wr, must be greater than 2 in.,
but shall not be taken as less than the clear width across
the top of the deck.
• the studs should extend at least 1.5 in. above the top of
the
• deck, with at least 0.5 in. of concrete cover over the top
of the stud.
• the deck must be anchored to the supporting steel
beams at intervals not exceeding 18 in. The anchorage
can be provided by some combination of spot welds,
mechanical connectors, or welding the headed stud
through the deck
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studs in metal deck
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Weak and strong stud positions
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Stud placement
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Stud placement
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Stud placement
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Modular Ratio
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Transformed composite beam section
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Modular Ratio
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Three failure modes
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failure mode
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Nominal Strength of Shear Stud
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Reduction Coefficients, Rg and Rp
Main beam
subbeam
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reduced section properties for the

partially composite condition
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Effective slab width
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Effective slab depth
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Effective slab depth
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The PNA is within the concrete slab
PNA = Plane of neutral axis
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The PNA is within the beam flange
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The PNA is within the beam web
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Full vs partial composite action

• Full composite action = the strength of
the shear connectors, Qn, must be
equal to or greater than the
compression force in the slab
• Partial composite action = When the
strength of the shear connectors is less
than the maximum compression force
in the slab
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Shored and unshored beams
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Shored and unshored beams
1. Use 75% of self weight to check camber requirement

2. Minimum recommended camber = 0.75”
3. Use camber for span > 25 ft
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Crack control over beams and girders
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Crack control over beams and girders
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Shoring to allow some deflection and

minimize ponding
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deflection limits
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unshored condition
Use I = 0.75*Ieff to calculate deflection
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How to consider long term

deflection (creep)?
• Use modular ratio n and 2n and calculate Alternately,
moment of inertia of composite section Use 0.5Ec to
calculate long
• Use 2n and find Iactual(2) = 0.75*Ieff(2) term deflection
• Use n and find Iactual(1) = 0.75*Ieff(1)
• Ratio, r = Iactual(1)/Iactual(2)
• calculate deflection (s1) for DL+0.25*LL
• Additional long-term deflection
screep= (r-1)*s1
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PNA location used in the AISC tables
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Example 7-1
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EXAMPLE 7-1
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EXAMPLE 7-1
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EXAMPLE 7-1
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EXAMPLE 7-2
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EXAMPLE 7-2
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EXAMPLE 7-2
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EXAMPLE 7-2
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EXAMPLE 7-3
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EXAMPLE 7-3
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EXAMPLE 7-3
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EXAMPLE 7-3
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EXAMPLE 7-3
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Example 7-4
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Example 7-4
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Example 7-4
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EXAMPLE 7-6
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EXAMPLE 7-6
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EXAMPLE 7-6
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EXAMPLE 7-6
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EXAMPLE 7-6
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EXAMPLE 7-6
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EXAMPLE 7-6
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EXAMPLE 7-7
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EXAMPLE 7-7
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EXAMPLE 7-7
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EXAMPLE 7-7
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EXAMPLE 7-7
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EXAMPLE 7-7
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EXAMPLE 7-7
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EXAMPLE 7-7
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EXAMPLE 7-7
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EXAMPLE 7-7
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EXAMPLE 7 - 8
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From example 7-2

Y1 = 0.0
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4.32
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EXAMPLE 7-11
hr=1.5”
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EXAMPLE 7-11
=(3.5/12)x150=43.7 psf*1.15
=50.2
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
W=As (in2)x1*490/144
=3.46*As lb/ft
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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EXAMPLE 7-11
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end
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Composite Steel Beams

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Composite Steel Beams

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10/9/2023

Composite Steel Beams

Professor Dr. Jahangir Alam

Types of composite beams

Welded Wire Mesh

Metal Composite Deck vs Metal Form

Metal Form Deck

Metal Composite Deck

Typical Rebar Arrangement

Lateral Bracing Details

• Before concrete hardening = noncomposite

The Most Economical Solution

Types of composite beams

Slippage between a steel beam and a concrete

Floor beams and floor girders

Dimensional requirements for headed

Sub beam Main beam

Partial and full composite

Dimensional requirements for headed

Dimensional requirements for headed

Additional dimensional requirements for

Dimensional requirements for headed

Weak and strong stud positions

Transformed composite beam section

Three failure modes

Nominal Strength of Shear Stud

Reduction Coefficients, Rg and Rp

reduced section properties for the

Effective slab width

Effective slab depth

Effective slab depth

The PNA is within the concrete slab

PNA = Plane of neutral axis

The PNA is within the concrete slab

The PNA is within the concrete slab

The PNA is within the concrete slab

The PNA is within the beam flange

The PNA is within the beam web

Full vs partial composite action

Shored and unshored beams

Shored and unshored beams

1. Use 75% of self weight to check camber requirement

Crack control over beams and girders

Crack control over beams and girders

Shoring to allow some deflection and

Use I = 0.75*Ieff to calculate deflection

How to consider long term

PNA location used in the AISC tables

From example 7-2

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