Agricultural Engineering Terms and Descriptions/Definitions

____________1. The volume of water stored in reservoir between the minimum water level
and normal water level
____________2. Any barrier constructed to store water
____________3. Vertical distance from lowest point of the ground line to the dam crest
____________4. Volume below the intake structure computed as V = 20900 X A0.687 where A =
drainage area, km2 sediment volume based on 25 years of accumulation in the reservoir

____________5. Dam component which prevents migration of small particles and screen off
fine materials that flow with seepage water and prevent piping
____________6. Dam composed of a single kind of embankment material exclusive for slope
protection
____________7. Geological formation shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble
bedrock, usually carbonate rocks such as limestone or dolomite
____________8. Spillway which is not excavated such as natural draw, saddle or drainage way
____________9. Maximum elevation the water surface which can be attained by the dam or
reservoir without flow in the spillway
____________10. Part of the system that impounds the runoff
____________11. Line with no filter arrangements where seepage occurs
____________12. Channel which releases surplus or flood water which cannot be contained in
the active storage space of the reservoir
____________13. Total capacity at normal water surface elevation
____________14. Vertical distance measured from the top of the dam down to the bedrock
____________15. Side of the embankment wetted by the impounded water
____________16. Area which contributes runoff or drains water into the reservoir
____________17. Privilege granted by the government to use and appropriate water
____________18. Reservoir where the upper reaches of the basin is shielded by high mountain
barriers
____________19. Dam consisting a central impervious core flanked between zones of more
pervious materials
____________20. Field that is level in all directions, encompassed by a dike to prevent runoff,
and provides an undirected flow of water onto the field
____________21. Type of surface irrigation where water is applied to the basin through a gap
in the perimeter dike or adjacent ditch; water is retained until it infiltrates into the soil or the
excess is drained off.
____________22. Method of irrigation which makes use of parallel border strips where the
water flows down the slope at a nearly uniform depth
____________23. Area of land bounded by two border ridges or dikes that guide the irrigation
stream from the inlet point of application to the ends of the strip
____________24. Small parallel channels, made to carry water in order to irrigate the crop
____________25. Method of irrigation where water runs through small parallel channels as it
moves down the slope of the field
____________26. Small channel along one part of a field that is used for distributing water in
surface irrigation
____________27. Application of water by gravity flow to the surface of the field. Either the
entire field is flooded (basin irrigation) or the water is fed into small channels (furrows) or strips
of land (borders)
____________28. Actual height of the embankment after settlement
____________29. Height of the embankment to be attained during construction
____________30. Additional height of the dam provided as a safety factor to prevent
overtopping by wave action or other causes
____________31. Slope of the upstream face of the embankment
____________32. Slope at the downstream face of the embankment
____________33. Ratio of the storage capacity to the total earth volume required for
embankment construction which indicates the relative cost of the different types of reservoir
____________34. Rainfall pattern with five wet months of more than 200 mm/month, five dry
months of less than 100 mm/month, two transition months of 100mm-200mm/month and total
annual rainfall above 1500 mm.
____________35. Numerical value on the uniformity of application for agricultural irrigation
systems
____________36. Time required to cover an area with one application of water
____________37. Method of applying irrigation water similar to natural rainfall where water is
distributed through a system of pies by pumping and then sprayed into the air through
sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground
____________38. Distance between two sprinkler heads along the lateral
____________39. Diameter of the circular area wetted by the sprinkler when operating at a
given pressure and no wind
____________40. Usually a centrifugal pump which delivers water from the source to the pipe
system
____________41. Device which sprays water over the ground or crop
____________42. Pipes which deliver water from the pump
____________43. Deliver water from the mainlines or sub mainlines to the sprinklers
____________44. Involves dripping water onto the soil at very low rates (2-20 litres/hour) from
the emitters where water is applied close to plants so that only part of the soil in which the
roots grow is wetted
____________45. Applicator used in drip, subsurface, or bubbler irrigation designed to disspate
pressure and to discharge a small uniform flow or trickle of water at a constant rate that does
not vary significantly because of minor differences in pressure.
____________46. Spacing between emitters or emission points along a lateral line
____________47. Spacing between irrigation laterals
____________48. Deep percolation of water beyond the root zone of plants, resulting in loss of
salts or nutrients
____________49. Portion of the pipe network between the mainline and the laterals
____________50. Measure of the variability of discharge of a random sample of a given make,
model and size of emitter, as provided by the manufacturer and before any field operations or
aging has taken place determined through a discharge test of a sample of 50 emitters under a
set pressure at 20°C
____________51. Drip emitter spacing which is 80% of the wetted diameter estimated from
field tests

____________52. Width of the strip that would be wetted by a row of emitters spaced at their
optimal spacing along a single lateral line
 ____________53. Areas open for public entry such as golf courses, public and private parks,
playgrounds, schoolyards and playing fields, residential landscapes and industrial park
landscapes
____________54. Volume of water stored in reservoir between the minimum water level and
normal water level
____________55. Rate of evapotranspiration equal to or smaller than predicted crop
evapotranspiration as affected by the level of available soil water, salinity, field size or other
causes
____________56. Rise in maximum flood level from the original unobstructed flood level which
result after an obstruction to the flow such as a dam, has been introduced
____________57. Overgrowths of algae in water producing dangerous toxins in fresh or marine
water
____________58. Ratio of the average depth of irrigation water infiltrated and stored in the
root zone to the average depth of irrigation water applied
____________59. Geologic formation which contains water and transmits it at a rate sufficient
to be economically developed for pumping artificially developed well
____________60. Cross-sectional area of the flow which is measured perpendicular to the
direction of flow
____________61. Field that is level in all directions, encompassed by a dike to prevent runoff,
and provides an undirected flow of water onto the field
____________62. Type of surface irrigation where water is applied to the basin through a gap
in the perimeter dike of adjacent ditch; water is retained until it infiltrates into the soil or the
excess is drained off
____________63. Maximum average contact pressure between the foundation and the soil
which should not produce shear failure in the soil
____________64. Method of irrigation which makes use of parallel border strips where the
water flows down the slope at a nearly uniform depth
____________65. Area of land bounded by two border ridges or dikes that guide the irrigation
stream from the inlet point of application to the ends of the strip
____________66. Inclination or elevation drop per unit length of the channel bottom
____________67. Groundwater that is confined by relatively impermeable layer
____________68. Introduction of substances not found in the natural composition of water
that make the water less desirable or unfit for intended use
____________69. Ratio between water received at the inlet for a block of fields to that released
at the project’s headwork
____________70. Loss of water from a channel during transport due to seepage and
percolation
____________71. Depth of water flow where the energy content is at minimum hence, no
other backwater forces are involved
____________72. Ratio of the actual crop evapotranspiration to its potential
evapotranspiration
____________73. Rate of evapotranspiration of a disease-free crop growing in a large field (one
or more ha) under optimal soil conditions, including sufficient water and fertilizer and achieving
full production potential of that crop under the given growing environment; includes water loss
through transpiration by the vegetation, and vaporation from the soil surface and wet leaves
____________74. Sequence of different crops grown in regular order on any particular field or
fields
____________75. Amount of water used in producing crops which is the sum of
evapotranspiration or consumptive use plus seepage and percolation losses
____________76. Any barrier constructed to store water
____________77. Vertical distance from lowest point of the ground line to the dam crest
____________78. Volume below the intake structure; sediment volume based on 25 years of
accumulation in the reservoir
____________79. Depth of water in the channel cross-section
____________80. Actual height of the embankment after settlement
____________81. Maximum area which an irrigation project can serve considering the extent
of arable lands and the available water supply
____________82. Numerical value on the uniformity of application for agricultural irrigation
systems
____________83. Structure or weir provided across the river or creek to raise its water level
and divert the water into the main canal to facilitate irrigation by gravity
____________84. The total quantity of water diverted from a stream, lake, or reservoir, or
removed from the ground in order to irrigate a crop
____________85. Involves dripping water onto the soil at very low rates (2-20 litres/hour) from
the emitters where water is applied close to plants so that only part of the soil which the roots
grow is wetted
____________86. In-line canal structure designed to convey canal water from a higher level to
a lower level, duly dissipating the excess energy resulting from the drop in elevation
____________87. Amount of rainwater that falls directly on the field and is used by the crop for
growth and development excluding deep percolation, surface runoff and interception
____________88. Soil depth from which the bulk of the roots of the crop extracts most of the
water needed for evapotranspiration
____________89. Particle diameter corresponding to a 10% sieve passing
____________90. Discharges from known sources which is passed into a body of water or land,
or wastewater flowing out of a manufacturing plant, industrial plant including domestic,
commercial and recreational facilities
____________91. Any legal restriction or limitation on quantities, rates, and/or concentrations
or any combination thereof, of physical, chemical or biological parameters of effluent which a
person or point source is allowed to delivery into a body of water or land
____________92. Water conveying conduit or trough which is supported on abutments by piers
____________93. Spacing between emitters or emission points along a lateral line
____________94. Applicator used in drip, subsurface, or bubbler irrigation designed to disspate
pressure and to discharge a small uniform flow or trickle of water at a constant rate that does
not vary significantly because of minor differences in pressure
____________95. Grade line of the water surface profile plus the velocity head in open
channels
____________96. Provision for passing of equipment and small machinery
____________97. Combination of water transpired from vegetation and evaporated from the
soil, water, and plant surfaces
____________98. Channel which conveys irrigation water from the turnout to the paddy field
____________99. Dam component which prevents migration of small particles and screen off
fine materials that flow with seepage water and prevent piping
____________100. Height of the embankment to be attained during construction
____________101. Amount of water to replenish the crop water requirement and losses less
the effective rainfall
____________102. Additional height of the dam provided as a safety factor to prevent
overtopping by wave action or other causes
____________103. Small parallel channels, made to carry water in order to irrigate the crop
____________104. Method of irrigation where water runs through small parallel channels as it
moves down the slope of the field
____________105. Small channel along one part of a field that is used for distributing water in
surface irrigation
____________106. Dam composed of a single kind of embankment material exclusive for slope
protection
____________107. Ratio of flow area to the wetted top width
____________108. Profile of the free water surface
____________109. Occurs when a thin sheet of incoming flow moving at high velocity strikes
water of sufficient depth
____________110. Cross-sectional area of flow divided by the wetted perimeter
____________111. Estimation of the chance or likelihood of occurrence of a given event by
determining the frequency curves of best fit to samples by hydrologic data
____________112. Slope of the upstream face of the embankment
____________113. Inside bottom or sill of the conduit
____________114. Closed conduit designed to convey canal water in full and under pressure
running condition, to convey canal water by gravity under roadways, railways, drainage
channels and local depressions
____________115. Time required to cover an area with one application of water
____________116. Geological formation shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of
soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rocks such as limestone or dolomite
____________117. Amount of water required in lowland rice production which includes water
losses through evaporation, seepage and percolation and land soaking
____________118. Amount of water required in lowland rice production which is a function of
the initial soil moisture and the physical properties of the soil
____________119. Spacing between irrigation laterals
____________120. Deep percolation of water beyond the root zone of plants, resulting in loss
of salts or nutrients
____________121. Canals with impermeable material (usually concrete) for channel
stabilization and/or reduced seepage
____________122. Allowable pollutant-loading limit per unit of time, which the wastewater
generator is permitted to discharge into any receiving body of water or land
____________123. Portion of the pipe network between the mainline and the laterals
____________124. Measure of the variability of discharge of a random sample of a given make,
model and size of emitter, as provided by the manufacturer and before any field operations or
aging has taken place determined through a discharge test of a sample of 50 emitters under a
set pressure at 200°C
____________125. Spillway which is not excavated such as natural draw, saddle or drainage
way
____________126. Constant flow depth along a longitudinal section of a channel under a
uniform flow condition
____________127. Maximum elevation the water surface which can be attained by the dam or
reservoir without flow in the spillway
____________128. Water flow that is conveyed in such a manner that top surface is exposed to
the atmosphere such as flow in canals, ditches, drainage channels, culverts, and pipes under
partially full flow conditions
____________129. Drip emitter spacing which is 80% of the wetted diameter estimated from
field tests
____________130. Slope at the downstream face of the embankment
____________131. Ratio between reference evapotranspiration and water loss by evaporation
from an open water surface of a pan
____________132. Rate of water loss by evaporation from an open water surface of a pan
____________133. Vertical flow of water to below the root zone which is affected by soil
structure
____________134. Method to determine the rate of flow under laminar flow conditions
through a unit cross sectional are of soil under unit hydraulic gradient
____________135. Any substance, whether solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive, which directly
of indirectly alters the quality of any segment of the receiving water body or land resource so as
to affect or tend to affect adversely any beneficial use thereof, or is hazardous or potentially
hazardous to health, or imparts objectionable odor, temperature change or physical, chemical
or biological change to any segment of the water body or land, or is in excess of the allowable
limits or concentrations or quality standards specified in contravention of the condition,
limitation or restriction prescribed in these guidelines
____________136. Sealed section formed between earth embankments where combined
seepage and percolation will be measured
____________137. Area capable of being irrigated, principally as regards to availability of
water, suitable soils, and topography of land
____________138. Rate of evapotranspiration from a reference surface which is a hypothetical
reference crop with an assumed crop height of 0.2 m, a fixed surface resistance of 70 s/m and
an albedo of 0.23
____________139. Part of the system that impounds the runoff
____________140. Moisture left in the soil before the initial irrigation water delivery which
describes the extent of water depletion from the soil when the water supply has been cut-off
restricted areas
____________141. Taking wastewater from one industry or process, treating it and then using
it in another process or industry such as for irrigation, as liquid fertilizer and for aquaculture
____________142. Conveys canal water under roads or railroads
____________143. Tube or shaft vertically set into the ground at a depth that is usually less
than 15 m for the purpose of bringing groundwater into the soil surface whose pumps are set
above the water level
____________144. Occurrence or frequency or earthquakes in a region
____________145. Water escaping below or out from water conveyance facilities such as open
ditches, canals, natural channels, and waterway
____________146. Line with no filter arrangements where seepage occurs
____________147. Distance from the perimeter of the irrigation area to the community or area
of concern that is sensitive to contamination
____________148. Ratio of the horizontal to vertical dimension of the channel wall
____________149. Slope of the water surface profile plus the velocity head in open channels
____________150. Slope of the free water surface
____________151. Channel which releases surplus or flood water which cannot be contained in
the active storage space of the reservoir
____________152. Method of applying irrigation water similar to natural rainfall where water is
distributed through a system of pipes by pumping and then sprayed into the air through
sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground
____________153. Distance between two sprinkler heads along the lateral
____________154. Total capacity at normal water surface elevation
____________155. Ratio of the storage capacity to the total earth volume required for
embankment construction which indicates the relative cost of the different types of reservoir
____________156. Vertical distance measured from the top of the dam down to the bedrock
____________157. Application of water by gravity flow to the surface of the field. Either the
entire field is flooded (basin irrigation) or the water is fed into small channels (furrows) or strips
of land (borders)
____________158. Width of the channel cross-section at the free surface
____________159. Aquifer which has water table serving as upper surface of the zone of
saturation
____________160. Ratio of the particle size at 60% passing to that at 10% passing
____________161. Occurs when flow has a constant water area, depth, discharge, and average
velocity through a reach of channel
____________162. Rainfall pattern with five wet months of more than 200 mm/month, five dry
months of less than 100mm/month, two transition month of 100mm-200mm/month and total
annual rainfall above 1500 mm.
____________163. Canals that are cut through the soil, in which the soil excavated from the
bed are used to for the embankment
____________164. Side of the embankment wetted by the impounded water
____________165. Any material either solid, liquid, semi-solid, contained gas or other forms
resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, or agricultural operations, or from community
and household activities that is devoid of usage and discarded
____________166. Waste in liquid state containing pollutants
____________167. Accounting of water inflows, such as irrigation and rainfall, and outflows,
such as evaporation, seepage and percolation
____________168. Area which contributes runoff or drains water into the reservoir
____________169. Privilege granted by the government to use and appropriate water
____________170. Record of formation stratification of an aquifer showing the depth,
thickness, degree of consolidation and other aquifer physical characteristics
____________171. Reservoir where the upper reaches of the basin is shielded by high
mountain barriers
____________172. Diameter of the circular area wetted by the sprinkler when operating at a
given pressure and no wind
____________173. Portion of the perimeter of the canal that is in contact with the flowing
water
____________174. Width of the strip that would be wetted by a row of emitters spaced at their
optimal spacing along a single lateral line
____________175. Dam consisting a central impervious core flanked between zones of more
pervious materials
____________176. Machine used to detach and separate the beans from the shell by breaking
or splitting the pods
____________177. Process of separating the beans from the shell
____________178. Shelled beans blown by the sheller fan to the blower outlet ratio of the
shelled beans blown by the sheller fan to the weight of the total begin input of the sheller,
expressed in percent
____________179. Beans that are scratched, nicked, split or broken as a result of shelling
operation
____________180. Semi-cylindrical, stationary element partially or fully surrounding the
shelling cylinder or shelling rotor, fitted primarily to effect shelling
____________181. Unbroken shell with bean inside
____________182. Covering of the bean
____________183. Degree of cleanliness of the shelled bens ratio of the weight of clean beans,
to the total weight of shelled beans output, expressed in percent
____________184. Outlet at which shelled beans are discharged from the machine
____________185. Beans discharged from the machine other than through the shelled beans
outlet and shell outlet; ratio of the weight of beans that fell out from the machine during
shelling operation, to the weight of the total bean input of the sheller, expressed in percent
____________186. Beans that were detached by the sheller whether mature, immature, or
damaged seeds
____________187. Outlet at which shells are discharged from the machine
____________188. Ratio of the weight of the shelled beans collected at all the outlets, to the
total bean input of the sheller, expressed in percent
____________189. Ratio of the weight of the shelled beans collected at the shelled beans
outlet, to the weight of the total bean input of the sheller, expressed in percent
____________190. Ratio of the weight of the shelled beans collected at the shelled beans
outlet to the weight of the total pod input of the sheller, expressed in percent
____________191. Ratio of the weight of beans that remained in the pods collected from all
the outlets, to the weight of the total bean input of the sheller, expressed in percent
____________192. Difference between the percent damaged beans taken before and after the
shelling operation
____________193. Weight of the shelled beans collected from the shelled beans outlet per unit
time, expressed in kilogram per hour
____________194. Part of the shelling unit that rotates about an axis and is equipped with
either pegs, rasp-bars or wire loops on its periphery
____________195. Device used to separate the beans from the shell after shelling
____________196. Shelled beans with no impurities
____________197. Smallest clearance between shelling elements
____________198. Semi-cylindrical, stationary element partially or fully surrounding the
shelling cylinder or shelling rotor, fitted primarily to effect shelling
____________199. Distance between the outermost points along the cylinder base axis
____________200. The equivalent linear speed of the cylinder tip when running at normal
operating speed, expressed in meter per second
____________201. Diameter generated by the outermost point of the cylinder shelling
elements
____________202. A semi-cylindrical shaped wire mesh or bar grate covering the lower portion
of the shelling chamber which causes the beans to separate from the pods
____________203. A semi-cylindrical shaped grate at the upper portion of the shelling cylinder
which assist shelling and movement of the pods
____________204. Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface and the
horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the shelling machine
____________205. Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane
of the sheller and touching its front and rear extremities
____________206. Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the
machine, each plane touching the outermost point of the sheller on its respective side
____________207. Preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to
the conduct of the test until the operation is stable
____________208. Ratio of the weight of the shelled bean to the weight of the pod
____________209. Amount of moisture in the pods and beans, expressed as percentage of the
total weight of the sample
____________210. Sum of the weight of shelled beans collected at the shelled beans outlet and
all the shelling losses
____________211. Air moving device that is used to force heated air through the mass of
cassava primary products at the desired air flow rate and pressure
____________212. Ratio of the amount of the heat added in the air to the heat available in the
fuel
____________213. The amount of fresh cassava primary products fed to the dryer per unit of
time
____________214. Device used to remove excess moisture from the cassava primary products,
generally by forced or natural convection
____________215. Difference between the maximum and the minimum moisture content
randomly sampled after drying
____________216. Amount of dried cassava primary products per unit of time
____________217. Chamber maintained under pressure for uniform distribution of the heated
air through the mass of cassava primary products
____________218. Ratio of the amount of dried cassava primary products obtained to the
actual amount of cassava primary products expressed in percent
____________219. Any device that is used to avoid humans accident related to drying
operation and/or damage to the parts and components of the dryer during the operation and
automatically shuts-off the operation of the dryer in case of malfunction
____________220. Cassava roots that have undergone primary processing such as grating,
granulating, or chipping and serves as input to the dryer
____________221. Cassava primary product of irregular sizes and shapes, prepared by the
granulating fresh, clean and pathogen-free cassava roots
____________222. Cassava primary product of irregular sizes and shapes, prepared by chipping
fresh, clean and pathogen-free cassava roots
____________223. Cassava primary product of irregular sizes and shapes, prepared by grating
fresh, clean and pathogen-free peeled cassava roots
____________224. Cassava primary products that have undergoes drying process
____________225. Dried grated cassava
____________226. Volume of air in cubic meters per second delivered to the mass of cassava
primary products
____________227. Continuous flow dryer: weight of cassava primary products that could be
contained in the dryer
____________228. Batch type dryer: weight of cassava primary products required to fill the
dryer at the input moisture content
____________229. Pressure in the plenum chamber that pushes the heated air through the
mass of cassava primary products, expressed in Pascal
____________230. Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface and the
horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the cassava mechanical layer
____________231. Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the
machine, each plane touching the outermost point of the dryer on its respective side
____________232. Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane
of the dryer and touching its front and rear extremities
____________233. Preliminary operation of the machine to make various adjustments prior to
the conduct of the test until the operation is stable
____________234. Total amount of heat utilized to vaporize moisture in the material,
expressed in kJ/kg of water evaporated
____________235. Ratio of the total amount of fuel consumed to the total drying time
____________236. Amount of water removed per unit of time, expressed in kilogram per hour
____________237. Mean temperature of the air to be used for drying the product, measures at
a number of points as close as practicable to its entry to the drying bed
____________238. Ratio of the average percent moisture content removed from the cassava
primary product to drying time, expressed in percent per hour
____________239. Fibrous substance which composes the trunk and branches of the tree that
lies between the pith and the bark.
____________240. The term applied to wood after it is sawed or slice into boards, planks,
timber, etc.
____________241. The term applied to unplanned or undressed lumber.
____________242. A planed lumber having at least one smooth side.
____________243. Dressed lumber wherein the number connotes the number smooth sides
such as ____ means smooth on two sides and ___ are smooth on four sides.
____________244. A kind of rough lumber which is cut tangent to the annual rings running the
full length of the log and containing at least one flat surface.
____________245. A piece of lumber five inches or 13 cm. or larger in its smallest dimension.
____________246. Wide piece of lumber from 4 to 13 cm thick.
____________247. A piece of lumber less than 4 cm. thick which at least 10 cm. wide.
____________248. A thick piece of lumber.
____________249. When the annual rings are small, the grain or marking which separate the
adjacent rings
____________250. When the direction of the fibers are nearly parallel with the side and edges
of the board
____________251. A lumber taken from a crooked tree
____________252. It comes from the needle-leaved, cone bearing trees
____________253. It comes from the deciduous or broad leaf tree
____________254. Those outward growing trees which are most preferred for lumbering
____________255. Those inside growing trees which are not preferred for lumbering because
they produce a soft center core.
____________256. The mass of lands of the public domain which has not been the subject of
the present system of classification for the determination of which lands are needed for forest
purposes and which are not
____________257. Refer to those lands of the public domain which have been the subject of
the present system of classification and determined to be needed for forest purposes
____________258. Refer to those lands of the public domain which have been the subject of
the present system of classification and declared as not needed for forest purposes.
____________259. Include the public forest, the permanent forest or forest reserves, and
forest reservations.
____________260. Refers to that portion of the public domain which has been set aside, in
view of the suitability of its topography and vegetation, for the raising of livestock
____________261. Refer to those lands of public domain which have been classified as such by
the Secretary of Natural Resources in accordance with prescribed and approved criteria,
guidelines and procedure.
____________262. Refer to forest lands which have been reserved by the President of the
Philippines for any specific purpose or purposes.
____________263. Refers to a forest land reservation essentially or primitive or wilderness
character which has been withdrawn from settlement or occupancy and set aside as such
exclusively to preserve the scenery, the natural and historic objects and the wild animals or
plants therein, and to provide enjoyment of these features in such a manner as will leave them
unimpaired for future generations.
____________264. Refers to a forest land designated for the protection of game animals, birds
and fishes and closed to hunting and fishing in order that the excess population may flow and
restock surrounding areas.
____________265. Refers to any public offshore area delimited as habitat of rare and unique
species of marine flora and fauna.
____________266. Refers to any public shore area delimited for outdoor recreation, sports
fishing, water skiing and related healthful activities.
____________267. A forest land reservation established to protect or improve the conditions of
the water yield thereof or reduce sedimentation.
____________268. A land area drained by a stream or fixed body of water and its tributaries
having a common outlet for surface run-off.
____________269. A drainage area of a river system supporting existing and proposed hydro-
electric power, irrigation works or domestic water facilities needing immediate protection or
rehabilitation.
____________270. A term applied to the type of forest occurring on tidal flat along the sea
coast, extending along stream where the water is brackish.
____________271. Refers to a portion of the forest land which is subjected to shifting and/or
permanent slash-and-burn cultivation.
____________272. Means timber, pulpwood, firewood, bark, tree top, resin, gum, wood, oil.
Honey beeswax, nipa, rattan, or other forest growth such as grass, shrub, and flowering plant,
the associated water, fish, game, scenic, historical, recreational and geologic resources in forest
lands.
____________273. A forest dominated by trees of the dipterocarp species, such as red lauan,
tanguile, tiaong, white lauan, almon, bagtikan and mayapis of the Philippine mahogany, group,
apitong and the yakals.
____________274. A forest type predominantly of pine trees.
____________275. Refers to any forest land extensively planted to tree crops primarily to
supply raw material requirements of existing or proposed wood processing plants and related
industries.
____________276. Refers to any small forest land or tract of land purposely planted to tree
crops.
____________277. A sustainable management for land which increases overall production,
combines agricultural crops, tree and forest plants and/or animals simultaneously or
sequentially, and applies management practices which are compatible with the cultural
patterns of the local population.
____________278. The harmonized utilization of land, soil, water, wildlife, recreation value,
grass and timber of forest lands.
____________279. The systematic removal of the mature, over-mature and defective trees in
such manner as to leave adequate number and volume of healthy residual trees of the desired
species necessary to assure a future crop of timber, and forest cover for the protection and
conservation of soil; water and wildlife.
____________280. A silvicultural system characterized by partial clearcutting leaving seed trees
to regenerate the area.
____________281. Refers to a sound or slightly injured tree of the commercial species left after
logging.
____________282. Implies continuous or periodic production of forest products in a working
unit for the purpose of achieving at the earliest practicable time an approximate balance
between growth and harvest or use. This is generally applied to the commercial timber
resources and is also applicable to the water, grass, wildlife, and other renewable resources of
the forest.
____________283. Any mechanical setup, device, machine or combination of machines used
for the conversion of logs and other forest raw materials into lumber, veneer, plywood,
fiberboard, blackboard, paper board, pulp, paper or other finished wood products.
____________284. A privilege granted by the State to a person to occupy and possess, in
consideration of specified rental, any forest land of the public domain in order to undertake any
authorized activity therein.
____________285. A privilege granted by the State to a person to utilize forest resources within
any forest land, without any right of occupation and possession over the same, to the exclusion
of others, or establish and operate a wood-processing plant, or conduct any activity involving
the utilization of any forest resources.
____________286. A privilege granted by the State to a person to utilize forest resources within
any forest land with the right of possession and occupation thereof to the exclusion of others,
except the government, but with the corresponding obligation to develop, protect and
rehabilitate the same in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in said agreement.
____________287. Short-term privilege or authority granted by the State to a person to utilize
any limited forest resources or undertake a limited activity within any forest land without any
right to occupation and possession therein.
____________288. The volume of materials, whether of wood or other forest products, that is
authorized to be cut yearly from a forest.
____________289. The number of years between two major harvests in the same working unit
and/or region.
____________290. Refers to the living and non-living components of a forest and their inter-
action.
____________291. The establishment, development, reproduction and care of forest trees.
____________292. The organization of a business or industry using management principles,
systems and procedures to attain stability, efficiency and profitability of operation.
____________293. Means any official or employee of the Bureau who has been appointed or
delegated by law or by competent authority to execute, implement of enforce the provisions of
this Code, other related laws, as well as their implementing regulations.
____________294. Consists of parts and services provided by the manufacturers / distributors /
dealers to the procuring entities to ensure continuous serviceability of agricultural and fisheries
machinery.
____________295. Machinery and equipment used for the production, harvesting, processing,
storage, manufacture, preserving, transporting and distribution of agricultural and fisheries
products.
____________296. Authorized representative of distributors and/or manufacturers to supply,
trade, sell and service agricultural and fisheries machinery to procuring entities.
____________297. Trading entity authorized by foreign and local suppliers and/or
manufacturers to distribute agricultural and fisheries machinery to dealers.
____________298. Manufacturing entity involved in the production and distribution of
agricultural and fisheries machinery.
____________299. Any person or entity procuring agricultural and fisheries machinery.
____________300. Expressed assurance of the quality of the materials and workmanship of the
products offered for sale or length of satisfactory use to be expected from a product under
normal use.
____________301. Granular material of mineral composition such as sand, gravel, shell,
crushed and uncrushed stone or lightweight materials.
____________302. The suitable material used to replace other materials removed during
construction.
____________303. The layer of aggregate, soil-treated aggregate, treated soil, or soil aggregate
that rests upon the Subbase or if no Subbase, upon the sub-grade. Treatment may include
application of chemical-based soil additives such as soil-stabilizers and/or any approved
method.
____________304. The suitable material used for embankments.
____________305. Structure, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruction,
such as water, a highway, or a railway; having a roadway or track carrying for traffic or other
moving loads; and having an opening measured along the center of the roadway between faces
of abutments, spring lines of arches, or extreme ends of the opening for multiple box culverts
or multiple pipes that are 60 inches or more in diameter and that have a clear distance between
openings of not less than half of the smallest pipe diameter.
____________306. Removal and disposal of trees, vegetation or other unwanted materials
from the ground surface.
____________307. Application of pressure to aggregates to result in a dense mass free of
excessive voids. Compaction minimizes settlement, decreases permeability and increases
strength.
____________308. Structural component of specified thickness. It may consist of one layer or
more.
____________309. Drainage structure that may or may not, directly support and that extends
across and beneath a highway street, driveway, alley, arterial, or other public way.
____________310. Roadway, which is divided into two (2) or more clearly marked lanes for
vehicular traffic.
____________311. Form of stone, brick, concrete block, concrete, or other similar building
materials that have been bonded together with mortar to form a structure.
____________312. Earth roadway, which one way is clearly marked lane for vehicular traffic.
____________313. Gravel roadway, which one way is clearly marked lane for vehicular traffic.
____________314. Asphalt pavement roadway, which one way is clearly marked lane for
vehicular traffic.
____________315. Concrete roadway, which one way is clearly marked lane for vehicular
traffic.
____________316. Quarried stone especially selected, graded and placed to prevent erosion
and thereby preserve the shape of a surface, slope, or underlying structure.
____________317. Graded portion of a highway between top and side slopes, prepared as a
foundation for the pavement structure and shoulder.
____________318. Space/location/site intended to employ traffic consideration for the
transport of agricultural products.
____________319. Travel way or crown portion of the roadway intended for the movement of
vehicles, exclusive of shoulders.
____________320. Lateral design width for one lane or two lanes strip of roadway.
____________321. Raised structure of soil, soil aggregate, sand or rock.
____________322. Part of the roadway next to the traveled way or auxiliary lanes that provides
lateral support of base and surface courses and is an emergency stopping area for vehicles.
____________323. Product resulting from the mechanical crushing of gravel, with substantially
all fragments having at least one face resulting from fracture.
____________324. Removal of water from the road area by the use of culverts, ditches,
channels, and other several structures.
____________325. Operations connected with excavating and placing embankments with soil,
earth or rock.
____________326. Protection of soil from disclosing by water, wind, or other agent.
____________327. Act of cutting, digging, or scooping to remove materials.
____________328. Determination of the degree of compactness of the soil.
____________329. The embankment material placed above natural ground line.
____________330. Access roads that connect major road arteries to the agricultural production
areas where farm produce are being mobilized and transported to the market by the farmers
and fishermen.
____________331. Slope of a roadway, channel, or natural ground.
____________332. Property of a soil which describes the distribution of size groups.
____________333. Rate of increase or decrease in the level of the land, the slope expressed in
percentage.
____________334. Preparation of the sub-grade, in line and elevation, for application of
pavement materials including base and surfacing materials.
____________335. Removal and disposal of trees, and other unwanted materials below the
ground surface.
____________336. Saving of different existing materials from the projects which are removed
and intended to be used in other construction.
____________337. Written technical description of materials, equipment, construction
systems, standards, and workmanship that, in conjunction with the drawings, detail the
requirements for acceptable completion of the work.
____________338. Refer to the bridges, culverts, wall, buildings, foundations, water tanks,
transmission towers, cribbing, caissons or coffer dams, other similar features which may be
encountered in the work and are classified as structures.
____________339. Refers to the layer of the specified or selected materials of designated
thickness in a pavement structure immediately above the sub-grade and below the base
course.
____________340. Roadbed upon which the pavement structures is placed.
____________341. Upper portion of material which act as foundation Subbase course.
____________342. Top surface of the roadbed upon which the pavement is placed.
____________343. Vehicular and non-vehicular movement along a route such as pedestrians,
vehicles, animals, etc.
____________344. Earth roadway, which two (2) ways are marked lanes for vehicular traffic.
____________345. Gravel roadway, which two (2) ways are marked lanes for vehicular traffic.
____________346. Asphalt pavement roadway, which two ways are marked lanes for vehicular
traffic.
____________347. Concrete pavement roadway, on which two lanes are marked for vehicular
traffic.
____________348. A widened, unobstructed shoulder area, about 30 meters long, that may be
used for emergency purposes or allow slow-moving vehicles to pull out of the carriage way to
give passing opportunity to following or incoming vehicles.