Prefac 2 Pie Preparation (SC)

SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
ENGLISH PREP PROGRAMME
PRE-FACULTY 2
PIE PREPARATION
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IUE-SFL Pre-Faculty 2 Student’s Copy
PIE Preparation
SET 1
A. DISCRETE ITEMS
Choose the alternative which best completes each sentence.
1. Threatening to kill everybody in the bank, the masked man made the cashier ______ the
money to him.
A) was handing C) to hand
B) hand D) to handing
2. When the insurance company agreed to meet our claim in full, we ______ the case to court.
A) needn’t take C) didn’t need to take
B) don’t have to take D) can’t have taken
3. In pneumonia, the severity of the symptoms depends on certain factors ______ the age and
the general condition of the patient.
A) such as C) no longer
B) as well as D) as long as
4. The goods are supposed ______ in a week’s time.

A) to be delivered C) to be delivering
B) to deliver D) to delivered
5. Parents are committed ______ their children in the best conditions they can provide.
A) raise C) to raise
B) raising D) to raising
6. It’s ______ for you to say you’re leaving university.

A) early enough that C) too soon
B) early too D) soon too
7. Though they are not twins, they look extremely ______.

A) like C) different
B) alike D) the same as
8. It is a scientific fact that keeping our bodies and minds active ______ us to live longer and
more happily.
A) helps C) is helping
B) help D) are helping
9. Jack London, from ______ book the plot for the film was adapted, is one of my favourite
authors.
A) whose C) where
B) which D) whom
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10. “Was my jacket the same price as yours?”

“Hardly. Mine was twice ______ yours.”
A) expensive as C) more expensive
B) as expensive as D) expensive than
B. CLOSEST MEANING
Mark the alternative which is closest in meaning to the given statement.
1. Policies for economic development have consistently failed due to corruption at the highest
levels of government.
A) The country would be more developed economically if it were not for the incompetence
of the government.
B) If only government officials were better qualified, policies for economic development
would have a better chance of success.
C) The dishonesty of the upper level government officials has led to economic
development policies failing again and again.
D) It is partly bribery at the higher levels of the government that has helped the country’s
economic development.
2. I’ve never eaten Indian food, so I am excited to try it.
A) Because I have no experience of eating Indian food, I am looking forward to sampling it.
B) Never having tried Indian food, I do not know what to expect.
C) I am not particularly eager to try Indian food even though I have never had it.
D) I am reluctant to try Indian food because it will be a new experience for me.
3. I don’t believe that George was ill; he was just pretending so in order to avoid coming to the
wedding.
A) George couldn’t have come to the wedding even if he had wanted to because he was ill.
B) Even if George had been ill, I don’t believe he would have come to the wedding.
C) In my opinion, George was only pretending to be ill so that he wouldn’t have to come to
the wedding.
D) If George hadn’t wanted to come to the wedding so much, I wouldn’t have believed that
he was ill.
4. I find it hard to understand why so many people spend so much money to watch football
matches.
A) Although watching football matches is getting more and more expensive all the time,
there is no shortage of people willing to pay whatever it costs.
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B) I think I can understand why so many people spend so much money on something as
exciting as football.
C) However difficult it is to understand football as a game, a good many people are eager
to pay to watch the matches.
D) It wouldn’t be so difficult to understand why so many people watch football matches if
they were cheaper.
5. Someone has to persuade Jim’s parents that playing on our football team is as important as
studying.
A) Jim’s parents need to be told that Jim is studying too hard and that playing on our
football team would give him the relaxation he needs.
B) Jim’s parents must realise that not even studying is as important as playing on our
football team.
C) Let’s find someone who can talk Jim’s parents into letting him play football instead of
studying all the time.
D) Jim’s parents need to be convinced of the equal importance of playing on our football
team and schoolwork.
C. CLOZE TESTS
Choose the alternative which best completes each blank to make a meaningful text.
1.
Before going on holiday, I asked my brother to take care of my cat. Upon my return, I saw that
my cat looked ___1___. My brother had not only fed it twice a day but also taken it to a vet, who
__2__some vitamins. I thanked my brother and said, “I ___3___ have left the cat with you a long
time ago. It has never been so healthy.”
1- A) much healthier 2- A) recommends 3- A) needn’t

B) not as healthy B) recommend B) couldn’t
C) nearly as healthy C) recommended C) might
D) healthier than D) recommending D) should
2.
Rose Jones has spent 20 of her 76 years in jail. Just a short while ago, she was caught again
practising her trade in Harrods - a favourite hunting ground for the pickpocket. Her fingers aren’t
as quick as they ___ 1___ and she was spotted by a sharp-eyed store detective. Rose blames
her life of crime on her childhood and harsh upbringing. She feels that if her mother ___ 2 ___
when she was a little child, she would lead a different life today. As it was, her father remarried
and her stepmother was cruel to her. When she was only 15, she ___ 3___ a job as a waitress at
a nearby restaurant, but she turned it down. Now, she regrets not taking that opportunity, which
she believes would have changed her life completely.
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1- A) used to be 2- A) hasn’t died 3- A) offered

B) are B) wouldn’t die B) was offered
C) have been C) didn’t die C) has been offered
D) would be D) hadn’t died D) has offered
3.
Smoking is one of the major causes of death in our society. ___1___ seems to be done, however,
to stop young people ___2___ up the habit. To begin with, cigarettes are openly on sale in public
places. ___3___, laws governing the minimum age at which cigarettes can ___4___ often seem
to be ignored. Although anti-smoking campaigns have been organized in recent years, these
seem not to have been particularly effective when you look at ___5___ in the number of young
people who start smoking each year.
1- A) Few 2- A) taking 3- A) While

B) Little B) to take B) Moreover
C) Much C) take C) However
D) Enough D) taken D) Consequently
4- A) buy 5- A) rising
B) be buying B) the rise
C) be bought C) it is rising
D) have bought D) rise
D. READING
ROMANCE IS UNIVERSAL
Is romance permitted in your culture? Is it a part of everyday life, or is it forbidden in public

places? Recent research now shows that there is a good chance that romance can be found
almost everywhere. Dr. Helen Fisher, the author of a book called The Anatomy of Love, writes
about romance, saying, “...studies have shown that romantic love exists in virtually every
culture.” In fact, from their survey of 168 cultures, anthropologists William Jankoivak and Edward
Fischer were able to find direct evidence that romantic love exists in 87 percent of them. No
matter what most human cultures say about romance, love stories, myths, legends, poems,
songs, love potions, love charms, lovers’ quarrels, and other romantic rituals have been and still
are an important part of life around the world.
Animals? They don’t have romantic feelings – or do they? Amazingly, many biologists now believe
that human beings are not the only creatures who experience romantic love. Many animals not
only touch each other but actually look at one another affectionately while they are courting.
According to anthropologist Diane Smuts, watching baboons court is like watching a young man
and woman meet for the first time in a singles bar. Another researcher, Diane Ackerman, claims
that animals even have their own version of a dinner date. Anthropologists call it a “courtship
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feeding,” a kind of animal behaviour in which the male animal feeds food that he has gathered
to the female he is courting. The purpose of the “courtship feeding” is to prove that the male will
be a good provider to future children that they may have. In human terms, this would mean that
he will literally be able to “bring home the meat.”
In the human world, we usually think that men begin most relationships, but studies show that
women are often the first to show interest. It is often the females who give small signs that tell
the male that she is interested in him. Again there are parallels in the animal world. Among
nonhumans, males put on “courtship rituals,” which are usually elaborate shows for the females.
These courtship displays can take many different forms. They include the courtship dances of
spiders, the vocal courtship of bullfrogs, and the fighting courtship among male deer. In most
cases, the females then decide which males they want. Diane Ackerman describes the surprising
behaviour of the cottontop tamarins, small forest-dwelling monkeys of South America. In this
species, according to Ackerman, males do much of the child care. Therefore, a male tries to get
a female’s attention by visiting her while he is carrying a baby cottontop on his back. What the
male is actually saying is, “See what a caring father I would be? I would be great with your kids.”
Mark the best alternative.
1. What does “them” in line 7 refer to?
A) evidence B) survey C) Cultures D) anthropologists
2. Which one of the following completes the sentence below?

In her book, Dr. Helen Fisher supports that romance ________________.
A) is forbidden in public places

B) can be found almost everywhere
C) is permitted only in a few cultures
D) can be found only by chance
3. Which one of the following DOES NOT COMPLETE the sentence below?
Animals show their love by ________________.
A) looking at one another affectionately

B) courting
C) touching each other
D) meeting in a singles bar
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4. Which one of the following completes the sentence below?

The male who feeds the female during their courtship ________________.
A) wants to show that he will be a good food provider for his family
B) usually brings meat
C) provides her children with food too
D) probably won’t be a good father to his children
5. Which one is a similarity between human and animal courtships?
A) Males begin most relationships by showing their interest in females.

B) Females display elaborate courthship shows.
C) Females prove that they are going to be good mothers.
D) Females give signs to show their interest in males.
6. Which one of the following examples describes the surprising behaviour of the cottontop
tamarins?
A) Males try hard to impress females.

B) Males carry baby cottontops on their backs.
C) Males care for children more than females do.
D) Females decide which males they want.
E. VOCABULARY
Mark the best alternative for the underlined parts of the following sentences:
1. The hotel we were staying provided us with a wide range of exotic foods.
a) difference b) variety c) interest d) awareness

2. Jack’s working conditions were so demanding that he had to quit although he enjoyed his
profession a lot.
a) supporting b) effective c) difficult d) specialized
3. Liz had a quick glance at the menu and chose the first dish in the main course section.
a) look b) breath c) method d) time
4. Jennifer sets aside 20 minutes a day for her hobbies.
a) saves b) protects c) allocates d) suggests
5. The Ottoman architecture has such distinct features as domes and high ceilings.
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a) imprinted b) recognizable c) fussy d) separate

6. It is not always easy to grasp complicated mathematical problems.
a) understand b) grip c) take d) bring
7. There have been some changes in cancer treatment. These changes are not big, but perceptible.
a) loud b) excessive c) observable d) ordinary
8. Before you choose a profession, make sure that it is an area that you are interested in.
a) space b) subject c) trouble d) method
9. A proper text for your own level of English should be chosen by deciding on the level
of vocabulary and content of that text.
a) styles b) writers c) sizes d) ideas
10. To be able to solve a puzzle, you should read the hints very carefully.
a) tables b) rewards c) suggestions d) books
F. WORD FORMATION
Choose the most suitable word or phrase.
1. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically
2. Are you sure that boys are more _______ than girls?
a. act b. active c. action d. activity
3. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
a. responsible b. responsibility c. responsibly d. irresponsible
4. These quick and easy _______ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost.
a. solve b. solvable c. solutions d. solvability
5. He was looking at his parents _______, waiting for recommendations.
a. obey b. obedience c. obedient d. obediently
6. The interviews with parents showed that the vast majority were _______ of teachers.
a. support b. supportive c. supporter d. supporting
7. It is _________ of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it.
a. care b. caring c. careless d. careful
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8. For ________ reasons, passengers are requested not to leave any luggage unattended.
a. secure b. securely c. security d. securing
9. The leader of the explorers had the great _______ in his native guide.
a. confident b. confidence c. confidential d. confidentially
10. We are impressed by his _________ to help us with the hard mission.
a. will b. willing c. willingness d. willingly
SET 2
A. DISCRETE ITEMS
1. The businessmen’s meeting ______ held at this very moment at our European branch.
A) will be C) is being
B) is going to be D) is
2. The incredibly long applause from the audience at the end of the concert indicated just how
good it ______.
A) would be C) can be
B) will be D) had been
3. I want to remind you that this matter ______ with immediately.

A) should be dealing C) has to be dealt
B) must have dealt D) is going to deal
4. Our television set, which we ______ to the repair shop a couple of days ago, ______ in a few
hours.
A) sent / will be delivered C) have sent / is being delivered
B) were sending / has delivered D) had sent / is going to deliver
5. Psychologists argue that it is wrong to threaten a child in order to make him ______ something
he doesn’t want to.
A) to do C) doing
B) do D) does
6. He wouldn’t like _____ his house with anyone, so don’t waste your time _____ him for
accommodation.
A) sharing / to ask C) sharing / having asked
B) to share / to be asking D) to share / asking
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7. The World Cup, _____ takes place every four years, was held in Qatar in 2022.
A) that C) which
B) whose D) what
8. By the time they _____ in Sydney Harbour, they _____ non-stop for three months.
A) arrived / had sailed C) have stopped / were sailing
B) were stopping / sailed D) are stopping / have been sailing
9. Ever since he took on his part-time job, he _____ enough time on his studies.
A) can’t have spent C) hasn’t been able to spend
B) isn’t able to spend D) couldn’t spend
10. Our grandparents enjoy _____ so we should go and see them whenever we have time.
A) being visited C) to be visited
B) visiting D) to have a visit
B. CLOSEST MEANING
1. If we hadn’t seen the film twice already, we wouldn’t have rejected your offer to accompany
you.
A) We wanted to see the film twice, so we agreed to go to the cinema with you.
B) We will happily go with you because we want to see the film a second time.
C) We had already seen the film twice, yet we would still have accompanied you for a third
time.
D) We didn’t want to go to the cinema with you because it would have been the third time
we’d seen that film.
2. Compared to fifty years ago, people in Britain are better off but not as happy.
A) Half a century ago, life in Britain was much superior to what it is today.
B) People in Britain are in better health than they were fifty years ago, but they do not
appreciate it.
C) Fifty years ago, the British had less money, but were more content than they are today.
D) Britain is a much better place to live in today than it was fifty years ago.
3. Providing proper training for thousands of soldiers is an expensive endeavour.
A) Not all of the thousands of soldiers in an army are provided with proper training.
B) It takes thousands of soldiers to train properly for difficult undertakings.
C) It is a costly undertaking to build a well-trained army of thousands.
D) An army is usually made up of thousands of soldiers who have received costly training.
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4. If the Second World War had never happened, the world would be a much different place
today.
A) If the two world wars had not taken place, life today would certainly be considerably
different.
B) There are people in various places who say that the Second World War shouldn’t have
happened.
C) Few people realise how different our world would be now without the two world wars.
D) This planet wouldn’t be the same as it is now if World War II hadn’t occurred.
5. None of you appear as pleased as I am that the government has declared next Monday a
holiday.
A) I am not so happy that next Monday has been declared an official holiday, and neither
are you.
B) I don’t understand why you are not pleased about next Monday being declared a
holiday.
C) We can all enjoy ourselves together now that the government has made Monday a
holiday.
D) I seem to be the happiest one among us about next Monday being made an official
holiday.
C. CLOZE TESTS
1.
When Europeans first arrived, forests covered a vast area of the eastern United States. Almost
all the original forest was cleared to make room for farms and towns and to harvest timber.
Today, the Earth’s ___1___ forests, namely the tropical rain forests, ___2___ for the same
reasons. Scientists fear that tropical forests will disappear. When the forest trees ___3___, not
only are they lost, but thousands of animals that live in or among them also vanish. There’s too
much idle talk about the matter and ___4___ action is taken. It’s time that we ___5___ seriously
involved in the protection of our environment.
1- A) the largest 2- A) have destroyed 3- A) are cut down

B) the most largely B) are destroying B) will be cut down
C) largely C) are being destroyed C) will cut down
D) largest D) being destroyed D) were cut down
4- A) very few 5- A) get

B) less B) will get
C) none C) would get
D) hardly any D) got
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2.
Last July, Art Fidler left Washington in his private jet to fly to Bermuda. ___1___, everything
seemed under control. The plane ___2___ just before the flight and the weather conditions were
favourable. However, he ___3___ over the shining waters of the Atlantic Ocean for about ten
minutes when suddenly the plane began to lose altitude. It was obvious that there was ___4___
wrong. Fortunately, he noticed an island nearby and managed to land the plane there. Indeed,
he was very lucky. If he hadn’t seen the island, he ___5___. He looked at the plane and found
some feathers stuck in one of the engines. It ___6___ a bird that had caused all the trouble.
1- A) During 2- A) had been serviced 3- A) was flying

B) Afterwards B) serviced B) had been flown
C) Firstly C) to be serviced C) flew
D) At first D) for servicing D) had been flying
4- A) something 5- A) could die 6- A) must have been

B) nothing B) wouldn’t die B) could be
C) anything C) could have died C) should have been
D) everything D) couldn’t have died D) might be
D. READING
GET INTO THE FLOW
Joe Huggins, who is 44, works 12 hours a day, up to six days a week in the cramped, windowless
baker’s corner which is in the kitchen at Belia’s Garden restaurant in western North Carolia. Each
day he turns out more than a hundred loaves of bread, 400 or so rolls, several batches of granola,
plus dozens of cakes, pies, muffins, cobblers and cookies. So, on a Thursday morning at the crack
of dawn you might expect to find Joe complaining. Instead, he’s full of enthusiasm. Under his
blue baseball cap, the wrinkles around his brown eyes deepen, and he smiles. In this age when
managers, blue-collar and clerical workers all find it more and more difficult to meet the demands
of their jobs, Joe Huggins is rare. He’s a person who manages not only to survive, but thrive in a
job that’s stressful, unglamorous and repetitive. “I love coming to work,” he says.
What’s with this guy? Psychologist Mihayl Csikszentmihalyi of the University of Chicago would
say he’s developed a talent for “flow”. Over the past 30 years, Csikszentmihalyi and his colleagues
have interviewed more than 8,000 people around the world, seeking an answer to the elusive
question: What makes people happy?
In his studies, participants wear beepers that go off randomly thorughout the day. When they
hear the beep, they fill out detailed questionaires describing what they’re doing and whether
they feel challenged, bored or anxious. The results have been remarkably consistent. Across
cultures and occupations – from Italian farmers to American executives – people describe the
same state of mind when they talk about their most enjoyable experiences. It’s what
Csikszentmihalyi has named “flow” – complete absorption in the activity at hand, a deep sense
of exhilaration and clarity and a feeling that there is nothing else one would rather be doing. It’s
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what a tennis player experiences when she is playing against an opponent of equal ability and
both mind and body are stretched to their limits.
Creating flow requires some work. Hardly anyone experiences it during passive activities like
watching television. In fact, one of the best places to experience flow is at work. Csikszentmihalyi
has found that even though most of us say we’d like to work less and spend more time in leisure,
we actually report more positive experiences at work than during our free time. In one study,
people reported being in flow 54% of the time while working, but only 18% of the time during
leisure.
Those who are able to make their jobs enjoyable, Csikszentmihalyi says, are less likely to find
work stressful. In one study of executives, he found that those who were in flow most often at
work were less stressed out and took fewer sick days than did colleagues who had the same work
load but couldn’t get into flow. If Csikszentmihalyi is right, one way to cope with job stress may
be to become more, rather than less involved with work.

1. What is surprising about Joe Huggins?
A) He works 12 hours a day up to six days a week.
B) He cooks bread, granola, cakes, pies, muffins, cobblers and cookies every day.
C) He doesn’t complain at all even early in the morning.
D) His age.
2. Which one of the following adjectives DOESN’T DESCRIBE Joe Huggins’ job?
A) repetitive
B) boring
C) enthusiastic
D) stressful
3. Which one of the following is FALSE about the study Csikszentmihalyi and his colleagues have
been doing?
A) the beepers the participants wear go off every 2 hours.
B) participants write down the things they’re doing when the beeper goes off.
C) participants write down how they feel when the beeper goes off.
D) the purpose of the study is to find what makes people happy.
4. Which one of the following DOES NOT COMPLETE the following statement?
According to Csikszentmihalyi “flow” may happen when the person ________________.
A) finds an experience enjoyable
B) finds an activity too difficult to achieve
C) achieves something difficult
D) wouldn’t prefer doing any other thing
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5. Which one of the following COMPLETES the following statement?

The best time to be in “flow” is ________________.
A) at work
B) during passive activities
C) while watching television
D) during free time activities
E. VOCABULARY
Mark the best alternative to complete the following sentences.
1. The government is investigating new methods to improve the _____ of economic growth.
a) tax b) rate c) payment d) advertisement
2. A person might have various interests. ______, he can only be successful in one or two.
a) Although b) Similarly c) Naturally d) While
3. To understand the main idea of a passage, you don’t need to read every word. The only thing
you need to do is to ______ through the passage.
a) push b) skim c) talk d) save
4. In a story, the writer has to establish the _____ of events very well. All events should follow one
another logically.
a) thread b) cotton c) symbol d) novel
5. To be a successful sportsman, you should ______ an intensive training program.
a) pay back b) keep to c) look after d) dispose of
6. Studying for a test can be difficult, but if you _____ with your study and never give up, success
is inevitable.
a) discouraged b) try c) insist d) persevere
7. An EEG is a _____ that records electrical activity in the brain.
a) facility b) step c) device d) specimen
8. Science-fiction movies and novels ______ the future in an extremely pessimistic way.
a) foretell b) look c) amuse d) produce
9. It is very hard to _____ an efficient employee as the new comer might not have the same
potential to perform such successful work.
a) pay b) supplant c) provide d) specify
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10. James drew a ______ map of the place to give us the directions. It wasn’t drawn skillfully,
but it was quite informative.
a) caring b) decorated c) crude d) polished
F. WORD FORMATION
Complete each sentence with a word formed from a word in box A. Use one of the prefixes or
suffixes in box B.
A.
care employ home postpone satisfied charge
friend flight pronounce skirts
B.
-dis mis - out- ever -less -ment -ship -
ee
a) I travelled to Scotland on the overnight train and slept all the way.
b) You're always breaking things! Why are you so ..........................................
c) Jane knows a lot of French words, but she t en d s t o .......................... them.
d) We all believe in .............................. between the people of different nations.
e) B a d w e a t h e r c au s e d t h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .of nearly all the football
programme.
f) George was very ................................................ with the service at the hotel.
g) We live in a flat on the ............................................... of London.
h) Patsy thought the shop assistant had ............................................... her.
i) David was tired of being a/an .................................. so he started his own
company.
j) The government is providing more money to help ........................... people.
SET 3
A. DISCRETE ITEMS
1. Jamie studied the map trying to determine their location ______ Karen went into the shop to
ask the assistant for directions.
A) by the time B) as if C) while D) so that
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2. The financial director, to ______ you need to hand in your proposal, is in the office at the end
of the corridor.
A) who B) where C) whose D) whom
3. While the others ______ in the pond, one boy sat on the gate nearest to the pond so that he
______ them if farmer Giles came down the track.
A) swam/could warn C) have been swimming/can warn

B) had swum/would warn D) have swum/ought to warn
4. I hope you’ll like this present. It’s one of ______ solar cream on the market.
A) so popular that C) too popular

B) more popular than D) the most popular
5. Early humans were very interested ______ birds and attributed magic and religious powers
______ them.
A) with/on B) in/to C) about/in D) for/at
6. ______ being an excellent skiing area, Pamporova, a winter resort in Bulgaria, offers a wide
selection of other leisure facilities.
A) In spite of B) Similarly C) In addition to D) Furthermore
7. ______ copyright laws forbid the unauthorised copying of music recordings, the practice is
widespread.
A) However B) Even though C) Despite D) Apart from
8. Mont Blanc, ______ claims the lives of several climbers every year, is the highest mountain in
the French Alps.
A) where B) how C) when D) which
9. The condition of footpaths in the Lake District ______ for decades, but now conservation
volunteers ______ some of the paths using local materials.
A) was declining/repaired C) declined/had repaired

B) are declining/will repair D) has been declining/are repairing
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10. After graduating from university, she ________ to study for a Master of Art degree, but she
preferred to get some work experience in a company first.
A) could have continued C) has been continuing

B) must have continued D) had been continuing
B. CLOSEST MEANING
1. Since our car is still at the mechanic’s waiting to be repaired, we cannot go anywhere this
weekend.
A) Unless we ask the mechanic to finish the work on our car soon, we might find it difficult
to go somewhere this weekend.
B) If our car is ready to work by the weekend, we can go somewhere this weekend.
C) The mechanic has still not repaired our car, which means we are unable to go on a trip
this weekend.
D) If we can’t have our car repaired by the weekend, we’ll just have to stay at home.
2. She could have been a doctor if she hadn’t got married so young.
A) There was no reason why she could not continue her studies to become a doctor after
getting married.
B) She had the opportunity to become a doctor, but she got married at a young age
instead.
C) Becoming a doctor was not an option for her after she got married.
D) If she hadn’t become a doctor, she probably would have got married young.
3. You knew you had to get up early on Monday, so you shouldn’t have stayed up so late on
Sunday watching TV.
A) If you didn’t stay up so late watching TV on Sunday night, you would not have so much
trouble getting up on Monday.
B) It was a mistake on your part to stay up so late watching TV on Sunday as you were
aware that you could not sleep late on Monday.
C) Since you stayed up so late watching TV on Sunday night, I knew you would have trouble
getting up on Monday morning.
D) If you didn’t have to get up so early on Monday mornings, you could stay up watching
TV on Sunday nights.
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PIE Preparation
4. While there is no proof, many people believe in the existence of extra-terrestrial life.
A) A large number of people are busy trying to prove the existence of extra-terrestrial life.
B) In spite of a lack of evidence, a lot of people have confidence that there is life on other
planets.
C) The universe is so large that the existence of extra-terrestrial life seems to be a near
certainty.
D) Until it can be proved by concrete evidence, few people will believe that there is life on
other planets.
5. That university has neither good teachers nor a good social program to recommend it.
A) That university is highly recommended because of both its teachers and its social
program.
B) While the teachers are good, no one would recommend the social program on offer at
that university.
C) That university cannot be recommended as it is lacking both good teachers and a good
social program.
D) Even with such good teachers and a good social program, I would still not recommend
that university.
C. CLOZE TESTS
1.
Life can be unjust sometimes. I guess my father and I have had our share of trouble, too.
Grandpa’s sudden death put great responsibilities on my father’s shoulders at a very early age.
When he was only 14, he ___1___ going to school in order to take over Grandpa’s grocery shop.
___2___ he was the eldest son, he became the family’s only provider. His dreams of becoming a
pilot were shattered and he had to spend his life working in a small grocery shop.
I remember ___3___ us about the importance of education. He wanted his children to become
college graduates and get “decent” jobs.
My brother and I graduated with honours. But unfortunately, ___4___ of us was aware that
getting a job ___5___ so difficult. I’ll never forget the day when I had my first job interview. I
soon discovered that a diploma alone was not enough to get a good position. At the interview,
they asked me how much experience ___6___ in my field of study. The job involved speaking at
least three foreign languages and using a computer.
It’s eight months since I ___7___ up looking for a “decent” job. If you drop by at our grocery
store, you can see me ___8___ in my father’s chair at the cashier’s desk. Dad and I became
grocers - but for different reasons.
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PIE Preparation
1- A) had to stop 2- A) Although 3- A) telling

B) had better stop B) As B) him telling
C) would rather stop C) While C) that telling
D) rather than stop D) When D) him to tell
4- A) either 5- A) would be 6- A) did I have

B) both B) will be B) have I had
C) neither C) would have been C) I had
D) each D) will have to be D) I have had
7- A) gave 8- A) as sitting
B) had given B) to sit
C) have been giving C) sit
D) have given D) sitting
2.
Today, the population of Planet Earth is more than 7.5 billion and, by the year 2025, it will
___1___ 8 billion. Of course, as the population gets _____, the strain on the world’s resources
will be greater. The reason for this is that in the year 2025, our living conditions will be ___3___
they are today as there will not be any more water on the earth’s surface. ___4___, we have to
work ___5___ to stop population growth, but since we cannot stop it completely, we should
either limit ___6___ children per family to two or get used to the idea of outbreaks of major
wars and diseases, ___7___ most probably cause life on Earth ___8___ to an end.
1- A) have been reaching 2- A) the highest 3- A) much worse than

B) have to reach B) the higher B) as badly as
C) have reached C) highest C) the worst
D) be reaching D) higher D) much more badly than
4- A) Nevertheless 5- A) too bad 6- A) a number of

B) On the other hand B) hard B) the number of
C) In contrast C) hardly C) a great deal of
D) Therefore D) as hard D) a great amount of
7- A) will 8- A) come
B) they will B) came
C) so that they will C) comes
D) which will D) to come
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PIE Preparation
D. READING
A MOUNTAIN OF GARBAGE
"Two hundred eight million, two hundred nine million, two hundred ten million...." That was
the sound of solid waste hitting the bottom of garbage cans all over the United States in 1996.
Solid wastes are materials that are discarded or thrown away after use by consumers and
businesses. This does not include fluid materials. During that year, Americans threw away 210
million tons of garbage. That is almost a mountain of garbage!
Scientists have come up with different methods for handling the waste problem. One type of
waste disposal called sanitary landfill was first used in Fresno, California, in 1937. In sanitary
landfills, the solid waste is spread in thin layers that are compacted and covered with a layer of
earth. This is a more expensive method, but it takes away the health hazards that are caused by
landfills. It also allows the land to be used for building or recreation. The negative part about
these landfills is that it is tough to find open land and this process is very expensive. The land
also needs to have its water sources protected so that the waste will not pollute the water
supply. Landfills (open dumps) and sanitary landfills rely on the natural biodegradability of the
solid wastes. Solid wastes are biodegradable if they can decay or break down through the
action of living organisms and return to the earth. However, certain materials take longer to
decay than others, and some materials do not decay or decompose at all.
Scientists needed to search for other methods of waste disposal. Incineration and recycling are
two methods that are currently in use today. Incineration has been used to reduce the amount
of solid waste in the country. Solid waste such as paper, plastic, and other materials are burned
in large incinerators. The problem with incinerators is that the burning of the materials
produces fly ash, toxic gases, and chemical contaminants. All of these are released into the air,
causing pollution. Scientists continue to develop new methods for "scrubbing" incinerator
smoke stacks to get rid of pollutants that will contaminate the air. When solid waste is
incinerated or combusted, its weight and volume can be reduced by as much as 80%. Currently
about 16% of our municipal waste is burned in incinerators.
Recycling became a popular method for dealing with the solid waste during the 1990s. This
method has been successful in conserving energy, decreasing pollution, and saving our natural
resources. Yard waste, food scraps, and even manure are turned into compost. This type of
recycling produces fertilizer. Only about 3% of the solid waste is used for composting and
recycling. The only disadvantage of recycling is that it requires a great amount of human power
to sort out the solid waste. Today the federal government offers help and resources to towns
and cities that develop new methods for converting our solid waste into usable material and
energy. Businesses, industry, and private citizens are taking a greater role in recycling to protect
our environment.
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PIE Preparation
A. Mark the best alternative.
1. The word “That” in line 5 refers to:

a. the bottom b. fluid materials c. 210 millions tons of garbage d. solid wastes
2. The word “This” in line 9 refers to:

a. waste problem
b. Fresno, California
c. waste disposal
d. sanitary landfilling
3. The word “others” in line 16 refers to the “other _________.”

a. materials
b. water sources
c. landfills
d. process
4. Biodegradable wastes __________.

a. are hazardous to health and environment although they turn into sanitary landfills
b. are spread in thin layers that are compacted and covered with earth
c. can decay and be broken down by living organisms and become part of the earth again
d. seem to be the only ones which can be prevented by the disposal methods
5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the text?

The method of incineration __________.
a. is apperantly out of date.
b. is simply burning down solid wastes
c. is not the same as recyling
d. has certain advantages as well as some disadvantages
6. Which of the following is TRUE about recyling?

a. It became popular in the 21st century.
b. Most of the solid waste is composted or recyled.
c. Business, industry, and private citizens still haven’t shown much interest in recyling.
d. Composting is another type of recyling.
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PIE Preparation
B. Fill in the following table using the information in the text.
Methods of Waste Disposal Advantages Disadvantages

1.
Sanitary Landfill a) ______________________ very expensive
b) ______________________
2.
Incineration reduces the solid waste in size a) _______________________
by 80%
b) _______________________
3.
Recycling a) ______________________ requires a great amount of
human power to sort out the
b) ______________________ solid waste
c) ______________________
E. VOCABULARY
Mark the best alternative for the underlined parts of the following sentences.
1. My mother keeps introducing me to men she considers to be prospective husbands.
a) uninterested b) attractive c) ambitious d) potential
2. Tom’s boss was interested in the general content of the presentation, not in the particulars.
a) plans b) outlines c) details d) problems
3. Before taking the case to court, the police had to gather evidence to prove his guilt.
a) collect b) distribute c) learn d) understand
4. You have to pay an additional fee for freight exceeding 100 kilos.
a) fear b) recipient c) cargo d) aircraft
5. It is necessary to take all necessary precautions to prevent fire in the paper mill.
a) measures b) extinguishers c) complaints d) preparations
6. The cat looked relatively big among the mice.

a) excessively b) exactly c) similarly d) comparatively
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PIE Preparation
7. Nobody thinks that the current mayor will be elected again as what he has said has
been inconsistent with what he has done in the past year.
a) related b) discontented c) conflicting d) expressive
8. Mary could not concentrate on what she was doing as her mind was occupied with the
flashbacks of instances of the earthquake.
a) moments b) examples c) accidents d) dreams
9. The chicken served for lunch was golden and crispy on the outside and juicy and succulent inside.
a) raw b) tasty c) awful d) expensive
10. Among her many virtues are loyalty, courage, and truthfulness.
a) advantages b) qualities c) opportunities d) morals
F. WORD FORMATION
Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the
same line.
Supermarkets
Nowadays, a great (1)....variety.... of different food is available from VARY

large supermarkets. There are rarely any 2)________________________
SHORT
of fresh food, and there is far less (3)________________________ of our
having to rely on (4)________________________ products. Does this LIKELY
mean that supermarkets have become the most FREEZE
(5)________________________ shops of all time? Certainly they seem
to have made some kinds of food less (6)________________________ SUCCESS
and most people enjoy shopping in them. There has been a EXPENSE
(7)________________________ in the number of
(8)________________________ made against supermarkets in recent REDUCE
years. The assistants are no longer (9)________________________ but COMPLAIN
smile and try to be helpful. Above all, supermarkets have shown a
(10)________________________ to listen to their customers, and to POLITE
adapt to customers' needs. WILLING
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PIE Preparation
SET 4
A. DISCRETE ITEMS
1. The skirt I borrowed from my roommate was ______ for me to wear without any alterations.
A) such a long B) much longer C) the longest D) too long
2. Supposing that we ______ the Charity Ball in June, how many people do you think ______ it?
A) were holding/ attended C) held/would attend

B) have held/ are attending D) hold/have attended
3. As our only witness, you’ll be helping us greatly with our inquiries if you describe exactly
______ happened on the night of the murder.
A) when B) where C) which D) what
4. Haiti was the first nation in modern history ______ slavery.
A) to abolish B) abolish C) abolished D) abolishing
5. My sister can play ______ number of musical instruments, but she is particularly fond of
______ guitar.
A) some/a B) the/- C) a/the D) -/any
6. It has never been fully understood how the camel, ______ hump contains no water but only
fat, can go without water for such long periods.
A) who B) whose C) which D) how
7. Mark didn’t appear to be nervous prior to giving his speech; ______, he looked extremely
confident.
A) nevertheless C) on the other hand

B) likewise D) on the contrary
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PIE Preparation
8. I think you’ll find adding honey to your tea makes a refreshing change _______ drinking it
_______ sugar.
A) for/upon B) into/in C) without/for D) from/with
9. If I ______ at home all day tomorrow to look after my niece, I ______ round to yours for a
chat.
A) stay/have come C) hadn’t had to stay/was coming

B) didn’t have to stay/would come D) haven’t stayed/come
10. If tomorrow morning it’s ______ it is now, our flight will probably be cancelled.
A) so foggy that B) too foggy C) foggy enough D) as foggy as
B. CLOSEST MEANING
1. There is nothing I would rather do than study to be a doctor.
A) I think I would probably like to study medicine.

B) The only thing I would really like to do is to study to be a doctor.
C) There are other things in the world that could be better than studying medicine.
D) Studying medicine is one of my options.
2. I wouldn’t have applied for the job if you hadn’t recommended it.
A) If you had recommended it, I would have applied for the job.
B) I only applied for the job because you recommended me to.
C) Until you mentioned the job, I had no idea that they needed a new employee.
D) If I were you, I would advise you to apply for that job.
3. Those who appreciate nature are generally happier, calmer people.
A) The more time people spend in nature, the happier and calmer they will be.
B) I appreciate that beautiful natural surroundings produce happy, calm people.
C) In general, people with an appreciation of nature are more content and less tense.
D) Nature lovers, who are generally calmer people, know how to make themselves happy.
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PIE Preparation
4. The teeth of the piranha are so sharp that Amazonian natives use them as scissors.
A) Because they are razor-sharp, piranha teeth are utilised as scissors by indigenous
Amazonians.
B) Being very sharp, piranha teeth were originally used as scissors by native Amazonians.
C) The teeth of the piranha fish, native to the Amazonian region, have been utilised in
scissor-making.
D) Amazonian natives make use of sharp, naturally occurring materials such as piranha
teeth, for scissors.
5. As the weather has been extremely cold, the council has opened a sports hall for homeless
people to sleep in.
A) Homeless people have been sleeping in an abandoned sports hall during the unusually
cold weather.
B) Unless the weather gets warmer, the council will have to allow homeless people to
sleep in one of their sports halls.
C) The council is allowing the homeless to sleep in a sports hall due to the freezing
weather.
D) As soon as the freezing weather is over, the council will stop allowing homeless people
to sleep in the sports hall.
C. CLOZE TESTS
1.
Kilroy's second day in the army was not much better than his first. Once again, the officers made
the recruits stand in the sun for several hours. They had no idea ___1___it. They were allowed
neither to talk ___2___nor to sit down. Next, they were forced to run six miles in the hot sun,
which was twice ___3___the distance they had run the previous day. This, of course, was hard
work for the recruits who ___4___to doing physical exercise.
Moreover, ___5___ who couldn't run fast were required to run an extra mile as punishment.
Then, they ___6___ to go to the medical building, where they had their blood pressure
measured. In the afternoon, they were told to do lots of other trivial and tiring things. When, at
last, they were allowed to return to their barracks, Kilroy, who hated ___7___ what to do, was
sorry that he ___8___ to join the army.
1- A) why they had to do 2- A) one other 3- A) more than

B) why did they do B) by themselves B) as much as
C) how long do they have to do C) themselves C) longer than
D) how long they have been doing D) to each other D) length of
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PIE Preparation
4- A) weren't used 5- A) ones 6- A) ordered

B) were used B) the one B) had ordered
C) didn't use C) some of C) were ordered
D) used to D) the ones D) were being ordered
7- A) being told 8- A) was persuaded

B) telling B) persuaded
C) telling him C) had been persuaded
D) his telling D) had persuaded
2.
The seas all over the world are in danger. They ___1___ with poison: industrial and nuclear waste,
chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is
following. If nothing ___2___ about it, one day soon nothing ___3___ live in the seas.
1- A) fill 2- A) had been done 3- A) would be able to

B) are filled B) is done B) was able to
C) filled C) were done C) would have been able
D) are filling D) will be done to
D) will be able to
3.
Peter asked his grandmother ___1___. She answered that she felt very dizzy because she had
forgotten to take her pills that morning. She asked him ___2___the pills from the kitchen. Then,
she persuaded him ___3____ his parents about it.
1- A) how was she 2- A) to get 3- A) tell

B) how she was B) get B) didn’t tell
C) how had she been C) getting C) not to tell
D) how she had been D) got D) not tell
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PIE Preparation
D. READING
AMAZON.COM SITTING PRETTY 10 YEARS LATER
By ELIZABETH M. GILLESPIE
Associated Press Writer
SEATTLE (AP) -- Soon after Amazon.com Inc. debuted 10 years ago, Jeff Bezos and his handful of
employees spent late summer nights packing books in a tiny warehouse, scrambling to ship a
growing gush of orders. Today, the man who has grown accustomed to being hailed the king of
Internet commerce runs a global powerhouse that did nearly $7 billion in sales last year, but what
about the current competition among the online retailers? Time will tell, but industry experts
say Amazon is well positioned to maintain a firm grip on its title as the undisputed e-commerce
leader. "I think Amazon's biggest challenge is itself. They've really raised the bar for the entire
industry," said Kurt Peters, editor of Internet Retailer, a monthly magazine covers the business.
In the beginning, Bezos said he had no plans to sell anything but books online. However, after it
went live on July 16, 1995, the business took off more quickly than anyone had predicted, and
before long customers started clamoring for more. "We actually started to get e-mails from
customers saying, “Would you consider selling music, because I'd really like to buy music this
way, and DVDs, and electronics?” Bezos said in a recent interview.
Amazon has nearly 49 million active customers. They bought more electronics during last year's
holiday season than books, a first for the company. With $6.92 billion in sales in 2004, Amazon
ranked at the top of Internet Retailer's annual top 400 list, well ahead of computer maker Dell
Inc., which posted $3.25 billion in online business-to-consumer sales. Office Depot Inc., which
has a partnership with Amazon, wasn't far behind with $3.1 billion.
Scott Devitt, an analyst with the Baltimore investment firm Legg Mason Wood Walker, Inc. said
he thinks comparison shopping sites like shopping.com and shopzilla.com pose the most
formidable threat because they can often push prices lower than Amazon. "But when you buy
from a comparison shopping site, just like when you buy from eBay, you don't know what you're
getting from the merchant, so you can end up with a poor quality product" Devitt said. Amazon
has had a decade to build up trust that it will deliver orders on time and cheaply enough to keep
customers coming back.
Amazon's groundwork paved the way for competitors to follow, but Devitt says he thinks most
retailers, especially brick-and-mortar shops, have a lot of catching up to do: "Amazon is always
one step ahead as an example, as it has always been."
1. What is the synonym of the word “debuted” in the first paragraph?

a) finished b) opposed c) began d) earned
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PIE Preparation
2. “The man” in the first paragraph refers to __________.

a) Amazon.com Inc. b) Jeff Bezos c) an employee d) the warehouse
3. The expression “Time will tell” in paragraph 1 can be explained as ___________.

a) what is going to happen to Amazon.com will be seen in the future
b) Amazon.com has been around for a long time
c) time works for Amazon.com’s disadvantage
d) the owner of Amazon.com will be quite old in the future
4. In the sentence “customers started clamoring for more,” the underlined part means ________.
a) changing their minds and shopping elsewhere
b) buying other things besides books
c) writing complaints about the books they had bought earlier
d) wanting to buy other kinds of goods
5. Which of the following best COMPLETES the sentence below?

People’s interest in electronics more than in books in the last holiday season ________________.
a) was something which hadn’t happened before
b) wasn’t surprising for the company at all
c) indicated the level of literacy in the US
d) did not make any changes in sales
6. Which of the following DOESN’T COMPLETE the sentence below?

Amazon.com might feel threatened by comparison shopping sites __________________.
a) as they offer better prices
b) although Amazon’s products are more dependable
c) because those sites provide customers with a better delivery service
d) despite the trust it has built up in a decade
7. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

a) According to Devitt, brick-and-mortar shops are well behind in competition.
b) Amazon has always set an example for the other online shops.
c) The other online retail shops are in competition with Amazon.
d) Devitt works for Amazon.
E. VOCABULARY
Mark the best alternative to complete the sentences below:
1. Humans become unconscious after being _______ for 3 hours in water at 15 degrees centigrade
despite the diving equipment.
a) indicated b) recommended c) sent d) submerged
2. Martha was tired of her husband’s _______ towards their family matters.
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PIE Preparation
a) similarity b) indifference c) payments d) punishment
3. Instead of applying the rules that had been set by the _________ manager, the new manager
made brand new rules.
a) current b) final c) former d) primary
4. Although Dave is 40 years old, his reactions towards difficult situations are childish
and ________.
a) immature b) patient c) young d) preserved
5. Because melons grow _______ in this region, they are quite cheap.
a) excessively b) occasionally c) rarely d) abundantly
6. Since medical chemistry is not John’s specialty, he was _________ to the pharmacists.
a) unreasonable b) unaccountable c) unnecessary d) unable
7. The students are listed in a ___________ order, not alphabetically.

a) sequential b) strict c) rapid d) numerical
8. The main _________ of a healthy lifestyle is exercise.

a) component b) composition c) problem d) structure
9. The movie star was _________ by an army of bodyguards while entering the restaurant.
a) neglected b) escaped c) escorted d) practiced
10. The movements in the stock market are mostly affected by the investment decisions of
the __________.
a) audience b) speculators c) priests d) magicians
F. WORD FORMATION
Complete each sentence with a word formed from a word in the box, ending as shown.
astonish fool music thought back free lead short
1. I don't want to be a slave! I demand my freedom.
2. How kind of you to bring flowers! That was very __________________________ful.
3. Martin plays the guitar, but he isn't a very good __________________________ian.
4. Our school has closed because there is a __________________________ age of
teachers.
5. Brian is one of the world's __________________________ing architects.
6. Imagine my __________________________ment when the cat started to speak!
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PIE Preparation
7. Don't be __________________________ish! There is no such thing as a ghost!

8. I prefer to begin at the end and go __________________________ wards.
SET 5
A. DISCRETE ITEMS
1. I’m absolutely certain we ______ the championship if our centre forward ______ his leg.
A) would have won / hadn’t broken C) had to win / wouldn’t break

B) should have won / weren’t breaking D) would be winning / hasn’t broken
2. It was a relief ______ everything in order, after they had left the door open all day.
A) for finding B) being found C) with finding D) to find
3. The boss has asked us to print and bind our report ______ we’ve finished it.
A) while B) however C) so that D) when
4. After the incessant rains, the streets were completely flooded, ______ made travelling to and
from work almost impossible.
A) when B) which C) what D) where
5. Of all the apartments I have seen so far, I found the one on Shaftsbury Avenue ______
suitable.
A) so B) such C) the most D) more
6. Nigel was ______ after his French lesson that he almost fell asleep standing up.
A) more tired B) too tired C) such a tired D) so tired
7. The little boy removed ______ cape and appeared almost to glide across the room to the
fireplace, where he proceeded to warm ______ up by the fire.
A) them/his B) our/him C) hers/us D) his/himself
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PIE Preparation
8. Due to the possible damaging effects of the sun, experts say that it is better to sit ______ the
shade ______ hot sunny days.
A) under/at B) from/during C) with/in D) in/on
9. Isn’t that Jack’s mother ______ in the restaurant across the street? I’d like ______ her.
A) to sit / greeting B) sitting / to greet C) sat / having greeted

D) having sat / greet
10. If Lisa ______ good enough grades in her final exams, she ______ Oxford University next
year.
A) achieves / will attend C) will achieve / is attending

B) would achieve / could attend D) achieved /will have attended
B. CLOSEST MEANING
1. We would have caught the earlier bus if you hadn’t spent so much time packing.
A) If you were quicker at packing, we might catch the earlier bus.

B) It is a good thing there is a later bus, since you took so much time to pack.
C) We missed the earlier bus because you took so long to pack.
D) Why don’t we take a later bus since you are taking so long to pack?
2. Though he couldn’t score a goal for a long time, by the end of the season, he had made up
for it.
A) His first goal was a spectacular long-range shot, no matter how bad he had played
before.
B) In spite of his slow start, now that the season is over, we can see that he did very well.
C) He’s having a bad spell at the moment, but he should be alright before the end of the
season.
D) It took him so long to score a goal that the manager offered to sell him to another team.
3. I’d like to learn a foreign language, but I really haven’t got the time to attend evening classes.
A) If I had more time to attend evening classes, I would learn a foreign language.
B) I couldn’t learn a foreign language as I never seemed to have any spare time in the
evenings.
C) I can only learn a foreign language if I give up some of my time attending evening
classes.
D) Because I have some spare time in the evening, I’ve decided to learn a foreign language.
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PIE Preparation
4. I wouldn’t have lost my temper if the shopkeeper hadn’t falsely accused me of shoplifting a
number of items.
A) If the shopkeeper accuses me again of something that I did not do, it is very doubtful
that I’ll be able to remain calm and collected.
B) Even if the shopkeeper hadn’t falsely accused me, I would have lost control of my
senses.
C) I only got so mad because I was wrongly accused by the shopkeeper of stealing some
things.
D) The shopkeeper wouldn’t have accused me of shoplifting if I had kept control of my
temper.
5. The school teacher wouldn’t be so patient with her pupils, if she hadn’t herself been treated
with tolerance as a child.
A) The teacher was unable to treat her pupils with patience despite herself being brought
up with tolerance.
B) If the school teacher had been more patient, her pupils might have been more tolerant.
C) If the teacher had remembered how she was treated as a child, she might have been
more patient and tolerant with her pupils.
D) The teacher’s patient personality results from her having been shown tolerance during
her upbringing.
C. CLOZE TESTS
1.
A judge ordered a 65-year-old woman ___1___ £4,000 damages to a burglar who ___2___ to
break into her house. As soon as Mrs. Lewis heard the noises, picking up her gun, she went
downstairs where she ___3___ Michael Phillips in the hall with a bag full of electrical equipment
and shot him. Fortunately, Phillips suffered only minor wounds to his legs. If he had been
seriously wounded, he ___4____in hospital now. In the trial, the judge explained that although
Mrs. Lewis was defending her own property, she ___5____Phillips.
1- A) pay 2- A) has tried 3- A) found

B) that she had to pay B) has been trying B) had found
C) paying C) had tried C) was found
D) to pay D) would try D) had been found
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4- A) wouldn't be 5- A) shouldn't shoot

B) would have been B) shouldn't have shot
C) wouldn't have been C) shouldn't be shot
D) would be D) shouldn't have been shot
2.
Three weeks ago Stephen received a mysterious letter which ___1___ from a small town called
Bluffville. He found the letter a bit ___2___ so he decided to go to that town and find out who
the writer was. When Stephen arrived in Bluffville in the afternoon, he tried ___3___ to find a
hotel to stay at. However, there weren't any hotels in the town and the streets were absolutely
empty. He entered a bar ___4___ in the town centre. It was far ___5___ he had expected and all
the tables were full. While he was phoning the nearest motel to the town, ___6___ seven miles
away on the motorway, people sitting there stared at him strangely. Stephen asked the barman
how much ___7___ to take him to the motel. The barman told him that there ___8____ any taxis
there since the construction of the new motorway. Stephen looked at his watch to see if he could
catch the last bus back to New York but he saw that there wasn't enough time ____9____. He
had to spend the night in that strange town but he didn't know where to stay.’
I ___10___ to the bus driver's warning about the town. I ___11___ here at all.' he said to himself.
1- A) had sent 2- A) awful 3- A) hardly

B) it was sent B) excited B) harder
C) had been sent C) annoying C) the hardest
D) sent D) relaxing D) hard
4- A) where he saw 5- A) as crowded as 6- A) where it was

B) he saw B) less crowded than B) that was
C) which was seen C) crowded than C) which was
D) he saw it D) more crowded than D) which it was
7- A) would a taxi cost 8- A) hadn't been 9- A) for him to catch

B) a taxi would cost B) haven't been B) to catch it
C) did a taxi cost C) wouldn't be C) so that he could
D) a taxi had cost D) weren't catch
D) for catching it
10- A) wouldn't have 11- A) hadn’t come

listened B) mustn’t have come
B) didn't have to listen C) wouldn't have come
C) would have listened D) couldn't come
D) should have listened
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D. READING
BASIC ADVERTISING TECHNIQUES
One of the first principles that you must understand in advertising is that it is limited in both
time and space. Television and radio commercials are usually only 10 to 60 seconds long.
Print ads are usually no larger than two pages, and usually smaller. Therefore, an
advertisement must do its job quickly. It must get the consumer’s attention, identify the
product, and deliver the selling message in a small time or space. In order to do this,
advertising often breaks the rules of grammar, image, and even society.
The second basic point is that advertisements usually have two parts: copy and illustrations.
Copy refers to the words in advertisements. These give the sales message. Illustrations are
the pictures or photographs. Most ads are a combination of copy and illustration. Some
advertisements have small illustrations and a lot of copy. Some are only an illustration with
the name of the product.
The decision about how much copy and illustration to use depends on how the advertiser
wants to present the sales message. Understanding how advertisers make this decision is
complex. First you must understand how humans process, or work with, information because
we do not process all kinds of information in the same way. We process some kinds of
information intellectually. In other words, we think about the information in order to
understand it. We process other kinds of information emotionally. This means we use feelings
rather than thinking to understand the information.
We generally process copy in ads intellectually. That is because both reading and listening are
thinking processes. These thinking processes translate symbols (written words) or sounds
(spoken words) into meaning. Of course, words, especially if they are spoken, can be very
emotional – they can bring memories that make you laugh or cry. However, even though
spoken words are often very emotional, we must first translate them. In other words, we do
not see words as reality.
The mind also interprets drawings and paintings intellectually. Like words, drawings and
paintings are not the things themselves, but an artist’s idea of them. The viewer must
translate the lines, colors and shapes into meaning. Illustrations can have a lot of emotion,
but again they are not reality.
In order to understand this idea better, think of a well-known painting such as The3rd of May
1808 in Madrid: The Executions on Principe Pio Hill by Goya, on the left. This painting upsets
many people. However, think of the same scene in a photograph. Most people would find the
photograph even more disturbing. That is because we process photographs emotionally. To
us, they are real. Therefore, photographs do not need translation. Research supports this
idea. It shows that photographs attract more readers, are more believable and remembered
better than illustrations.
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The second way to present a sales message is emotionally. In an emotional presentation, the
use of the product is often not the most important sales message. Instead, the ad focuses on
the buyer’s social, psychological or economic needs. For example, an emotional ad may show
how the product or service will make the consumers’ social life better by increasing their
appeal, making them feel more confident, or making them rich.
1. Which one of the following is TRUE according to the text.
A) Advertisers do not conform to the rules of the society.

B) Advertisements are more effective if the space spared for them is unlimited.
C) The commercials on radio are longer than the ones on TV.
D) Identifying the product in detail is the only aim of advertisement.
2. What does “these” in line 8 refer to?
A) illustrations
B) advertisements
C) pictures and photographs
D) words
3. Which one of the following is FALSE according to the text?
A) Words in advertisements are called copy whereas pictures are called

illustrations.
B) It is possible to find both copy and illustrations in an advertisement.
C) The amount of copy and illustration used in an advertisement depends on the
sales message.
D) It is impossible to get the consumer’s attention with an advertisement
without copy.
4. Which one of the following BEST COMPLETES the statement below?

To process information intellectually, ____________________.
A) a person needs to think about it

B) is the only way to understand the advertisement
C) the information should be understood through feelings
D) all kinds of information should be approached in the same way
5. Which one of the following BEST COMPLETES the statement below?

Words in advertisements are processed intellectually since ____________________.
A) they can bring memories that make you laugh or cry

B) they are seen as reality
C) they go through the thinking process as they are read or listened to
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D) they don’t need to be translated
6. Which one of the following is processed emotionally?
A) copy
B) drawings
C) paintings
D) photographs
7. Which one of the following DOES NOT COMPLETE the sentence below?
An upsetting scene in a photograph is more ______ than the same scene in a picture.
A) believable
B) disturbing
C) imaginary
D) remembered
E. VOCABULARY
1. The two friends could not come to an agreement about Turkey’s best soccer team and
the debate between them went on and on without reaching a conclusion.
a) fight b) discussion c) confusion d) persuasion
2. Most doctors think that people dealing with alternative medicine are nothing, but frauds.
a) doctors b) experts c) professionals d) deceivers
3. As Tom is only 15, he is going through a difficult phase between childhood and adulthood.
a) science b) problem c) period d) assistance
4. His mother knew what he had done was foolish but with good intent, so she didn’t punish
him.
a) purpose b) anxiety c) freedom d) duty
5. What killed the plant was dehydration as it had been left in the sun for a long time without
a single drop of water.
a) flourishing b) nourishing c) airing d) drying
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6. The effects of exposure to atomic radiation at Hiroshima have been passed on to

succeeding generations.
a) leaving b) following c) struggling d) preventing
7. Both companies have agreed on a partnership as the new business seems to be fulfilling
their common needs.
a) past b) financial c) respected d) shared
8. Taking a shower at a mild, not very high, temperature, in the mornings refreshes not only
your body, but also your mind.
a) hot b) low c) kind d) soft
9. Old style sewing machines were operated by a treadle as pushing it with feet was easy to
handle while turning the thread wheel with hand.
a) sound b) man c) step d) pedal
10. What she said was pure conjecture. She had nothing to prove what she said.
a) guessing b) fact c) baking d) form
F. WORD FORMATION
Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
Ann Johnson - A confidential report
Ann Johnson has worked at this college for three years. She is a (1)……………………………………..
employee, and (2)………………………… on well with the other members of the department. We
have all found her to be an excellent (3)…………………………. She has always been
(4)……………………. for her lessons, and is an extremely (5)……………………. member of staff
who is able to work independently. I can always (6)…………………. on her to organize the end
of term play, and she has put on some extremely (7) ……………………. productions. Her
students often tell me how (8) ………………………she is, always ready with a smile, and she has
been very (9)…………………….to many of them. In (10)………………………….. she is not very
talkative and seems rather (11)……………………. at first, and might not show her true
(12)………………………. in an interview. Her work is excellent, and she is (13)…………….to succeed.
She is also quite (14)……………………………., and has applied for two other positions as Director
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of Studies. I think that you can count (15)…………………………. And to make your school a
success, and I recommend her for the post of Director.
C
1) A conscientious B conscience D conscious
consciousness
2) A goes B carries C gets D likes
3) A colleague B adult C employer D fellow
4) A times B late C hourly D punctual
5) A greedy B reliable C stubborn D lazy
6) A request B concentrate C take D rely
7) A imaginary B imagination C imaginative D imagined
8) A tempered B cheerful C frank D proud
9) A kind B aggressive C polite D mean
10) A first B times C usual D private
11) A but B shy C however D alone
12) A person B behavior C character D part
13) A used B determined C had D supposed
14) A obedient B disappointed C grateful D ambitious
15) A on B for C with D to
SET 6
A. DISCRETE ITEMS
1. The man had swum ______ the river to the other side and was hidden ______ the bandits’
view.
A) across / from B) into / with C) around / for D) along / to
2. Like many human abilities, reading is a learned skill, which means that it ______.
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A) has to teach B) should have taught C) ought to teach D) must be taught
3. ______ he had only attended about half of the lectures, he still managed to pass the course.
A) Instead of B) Even though C) Owing to D) Whether
4. The lighthouse, ______ contains the first electrically operated warning beacon, is now open
to the public between April and October.
A) where B) whose C) that D) which
5. ______ curtains I bought to hang in ______ living room aren’t really big enough.
A) - / a B) Some / a C) The / - D) The / the
6. She had always been quite partial to black pudding ______ she found out, to her horror, how
it was made.
A) until B) as soon as C) during D) while
7. The new Rushkin Centre will house some of its namesake’s original works, ______ are in the
library’s archives at the moment.
A) what B) who C) which D) where
8. ______ I hadn’t seen my uncle for ten years, it wasn’t surprising that I didn’t recognise him at
the airport.
A) In case B) Although C) While D) Since
9. The old lady could remember ______ Freud in London in the 1930s.
A) to be meeting B) to meet C) being met D) meeting
10. I hope you are not in a great hurry. I need to stop ______ some petrol in the car.
A) putting B) having put C) to put D) to be put
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B. CLOSEST MEANING
1. He would have been a perfect partner to settle down with if it weren’t for his jealousy
towards my friends.
A) I considered him to be the ideal person I could share my life with, but his jealous
behaviour aimed at my friends spoilt this.
B) I could not bear to share my life with someone who is so jealous of my friends.
C) I thought that I had found my perfect match, but I was jealous of his behaviour towards
my colleagues.
D) He was far from being a good partner to share my life with for several other reasons
besides his jealousy towards my friends.
2. From the amount of letters and phone calls that remained unanswered, it is clear that my old
friend no longer wishes to keep in touch with me.
A) If my friend truly wanted to correspond with me, she would have answered my phone
calls and letters by now.
B) My friend likes to receive letters and phone calls, but she is hopeless about returning
them.
C) It is certain that my friend receives so many letters and phone calls that she is unable to
answer them all.
D) I no longer wish to be friends with someone who does not answer my phone calls and
letters.
3. You’d better stop talking to her if she keeps spreading malicious gossip about your private
life.
A) Unless she stops spreading spiteful rumours about you, I think it is best for you not to
talk with her anymore.
B) She is always talking about people behind their backs, so I can’t understand why you
should wish to be friends with her.
C) I don’t think you should have talked to her about the malicious gossip that had been
spread about her life.
D) Your life will no longer be private if you continue talking to her about your misguided
activities.
4. He would have altered his plans if you had told him that you were unable to attend the
planned meeting.
A) As you had an excuse not to attend the meeting, plans were altered and reorganised.
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B) If you had warned him that you couldn’t make the planned meeting, he would have
arranged another schedule.
C) Telling him that you wouldn’t be able to attend the meeting was not enough cause for
him to alter any plans.
D) Even if you had told him that you could not go to the meeting, he wouldn’t have been
able to change his schedule.
5. They have been looking for a suitable house unsuccessfully for three months.
A) They started looking for a house three months ago and they haven’t found one that
suits their needs yet.
B) At last, they found a house about three months ago, though it is not very suitable for
them.
C) It took them three months to find a suitable house.
D) At the moment, they are looking for a suitable house, but they won’t be moving in for
another three months.
C. CLOZE TESTS
1.
Sometimes I think that sales clerks ___1___ to a different species altogether. Well, let me
illustrate my point with a couple of examples. You go to a shop and ask for a certain item and the
sales clerk says, "We ___2___ it, sir, but not anymore." What does he expect you ___3___, time
travel? Another example: the sales assistant at a shoe store wants you to try on a pair ___4___
obviously at least one size ___5___ for you and says, "You ___6____ into them, sir!" I will be 36
next month and show every year of it. You see, they say such things ___7___ they do belong to
a different species: one that ___8___ in time and grow after the age of 35.
Thus, when they opened that huge department store in our neighbourhood, I was the first person
to rejoice: I thought that I wouldn't have to deal with these strange creatures anymore. Oh, how
wrong ___9___! The other day I went there to change a sweater my wife ___10___ a week
earlier. The minute I ___11___ up to the clerk in charge, I ___12___ I was in trouble. She snatched
the sweater out of my hand and ___13___ a long procedure ___14___ filling out endless forms.
As I entered the store, I was hoping that I ___15___ enough time to enjoy a cup of hot tea in their
café before they closed. By the time I had my new sweater properly wrapped, they had already
closed the checkout counters. No one, not even my enemies, should have to deal with these
people.
1- A) who belong 2- A) used to have 3- A) doing

B) are belonging B) used to having B) have done
C) must belong C) have had C) could do
D) need to belong D) would have D) to do
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4- A) may be 5- A) very big 6- A) will grow

B) that is B) big enough B) have to grow
C) has been C) too big C) growing
D) looks D) biggest D) are going to grow
7- A) while 8- A) will travel 9- A) was I

B) because B) should travel B) I have
C) as soon as C) will be able to C) I was
D) therefore travel D) have I
D) can travel
10- A) has been buying 11- A) was walking 12- A) knew

B) had bought B) have walked B) was knowing
C) had been bought C) walked C) had known
D) was buying D) have been walking D) have known
13- A) started 14- A) that is involved 15- A) should have

B) was starting B) which is involved B) have had
C) had started C) which involved C) would have
D) has started D) is involving D) will have
2.
The flood ___1___ occurred in San Tarros a few days ago is one of the biggest disasters the
country has ever faced. The roads were badly damaged and it took rescue teams several hours
to reach the area. When help finally arrived, the victims of the flood ___2___ with the freezing
water for hours. The flood has brought ___3___ many problems. Now many people are homeless
and also they are trying to get ___4___ on very little food. ___5___ , the crops in the area are
ruined and this will certainly have a negative effect on the country's economy.
1- A) when 2- A) were struggling 3- A) round

B) was B) had struggled B) about
C) -- C) had been struggling C) up
D) that D) struggled D) over
4- A) away 5- A) Furthermore
B) back B) Because of this
C) by C) Otherwise
D) down D) However
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D. READING
THE SLOW FOOD MOVEMENT
“The Slow Food movement is committed to the preservation

and restoration of a traditional joy, the joy of the table,” says
Jonathan White, a member of the Slow Food organization and
owner of Egg Farm Dairy in Peekskill, N.Y. “And that’s not just
about food and wine; it’s also about kinship and
companionship, which you just don’t get going to a drive-
through and eating in traffic.”
Whopper lovers, don’t be worried. Slow Food is not anti-fast food. “We’re not against
anything,” White says. “Our agenda is to educate people who don’t know about the
pleasures of the table and, through education, to help traditional food workers – bakers,
cheesemakers, farmers growing old-style vegetables – to survive by sustaining demand for
their product.”
Members of Slow Food meet for long, leisurely meals. They talk about food, wine, culture
and philosophy. They organize wine tastings and cooking classes. However, most of all they
work to end the “nuke* it and eat it” American lifestyle.
“Slow food is not about literally eating slowly, but also about appreciating the pleasures of
good food and drink. Slow Food is a “a way of life,” says its Web site (www.slowfood.com).
The movement started in the late 1980s when a fast-food burger joint was about to open on
Rome’s beloved Piazza Spagna. A young Italian organization called Arcigola, dedicated to
rediscovering Italian traditions, protested. From this conflict, Slow Food was born.
“It was just a game at first,” says founder Carlo Petrini, “ a chance to remind people that
food is an unpreserved art, as pleasurable in its way as a sculpture by Michelangelo.”
Today, Slow Food is 20,000 strong in Italy, where the joy of the table is a matter of national
pride. And there are Slow Food organizations in more than 15 countries, from Switzerland to
Singapore.
Although the movement is new to these shores, supporters of this movement say they believe
Americans will take to it enthusiastically. “Every year Americans are going to more restaurants,
asking and learning more about food,” says Paul Bartolatta, Slow Foodist and owner of
Chicago’s Spiaggia restaurant.
Time at the table is time well spent, says Bartolatta. “The Slow Food movement’s message is,
‘Let’s eat well and enjoy it.’ No matter how crazy and busy our lives are, the pleasure of the
table is a fundamental right.”
* Nuke: to cook or heat something in a microwave.
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1. Which one of the following BEST COMPLETES the sentence below.

The Slow Food movement is about ____________________.
a. gaining the pleasure of eating and drinking
b. being against the fast-food movement
c. literally eating slowly
d. educating farmers to grow different vegetables
2. Which one of the following is NOT one of the things members of Slow Food do?
a. Having long meals in an unhurried manner.
b. Discussing about culture and philosophy.
c. Making arrangements for cooking courses.
d. Discovering new food and wine.
3. Which one of the following CANNOT be said by a Slow Food movement supporter?
a. “Cooking with your kids is a great family activity.”
b. “Microwave oven is one of the best inventions of 20th century.”
c. “It’s important not to deny the spiritual aspects of eating.”
d. “Get to know the local growers. The freshness of your food is guaranteed.”
4. Which one of the following BEST COMPLETES the sentence below.

The Slow Food movement began when ____________________.
a. The conflict between a fast-food burger joint and Arcigola was born
b. Arcigola rediscovered Italian traditions
c. A fast-food burger joint which was dedicated to rediscover Italian traditions opened
d. Arcigola decided to open a fast-food burger joint
5. Which one of the following CANNOT be inferred from the text.

a. People who have busy lifestyles might not enjoy what they eat very much
b. If people are asking and learning more about food, it means they have started to
enjoy it.
c. Slow Food movement started in the U.SA.
d. Slow Food movement supporters consider food as valuable as a work of art.
E. VOCABULARY
1. I wonder if they really ____________ jeans to make them look whiter and worn-out.
a) bleach b) die c) extend d) exploit
2. Because I usually need to use various equipment at the same time while I’m working, I’ve
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bought a __________ work table, on which I can do ironing, wood work, and many other
things.
a) versatile b) fragile c) limited d) attractive
3. Writing and receiving checks fell into _________ in the 1980s when people started
deceiving each other.
a) court b) category c) disrepute d) popular
4. The sudden explosion in the bazaar __________ the shoppers away with fear.
a) surprised b) drove c) ran d) drilled
5. You need to turn off the ________ before you change the fuse.
a) currency b) capacity c) current d) caution
6. The Van Gogh exhibition in The Louvre Museum in Paris is full of _________ pieces.
a) immediate b) invaluable c) insecure d) impatient
7. A microwave cooks food much faster than a __________ oven. That’s why people prefer
modern ovens to the old-fashioned ones.
a) supervised b) common c) hi-tech d) conventional
8. The G8 Summit brought the ________ of the world together in Scotland last week.
a) plums b) neighbours c) powers d) workers
9. Their ownership of the restaurant was __________ by signing the agreement. Now, it
officially belongs to the Smiths.
a) ratified b) pledged c) denied d) delegated
10. The wheels kept __________ on the ice, but the car didn’t move even one single inch.
a) crashing b) spinning c) shooting d) firing
F. WORD FORMATION
Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space
in the same line.
How does the DVD work?
When I was young, I always dreamed of becoming a f a m o u s 1. SCIENCE

( 1 ) ...scientist…. . W h e n I w a s a t s c h o o l I d e c i d e d t o s t u d y 2. ENGINE
(2)____________________, and then become a millionaire by inventing a 3. PRODUCE
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wonderful new (3) ____________________ which would make the world a 4. EQUIP
better place. Unfortunately, I wasn't very good at technical subjects. Any 5. ELECTRIC
time I operate any kind of (4)____________________, something terrible 6. POWER
happens. Machines which use (5) ____________________ such as computers
7. USE
or televisions, always seem to give me a (6)____________________ shock.
8. SPECIAL
The instruction booklets are always (7)____________________. They never
9. EMBARRASS
help me at all. Nowadays you need to have (8)____________________
10. DIFFICULT
knowledge just to use the DVD. To my great (9) ____________________ it is
always a six-year-old kid who helps me out of my (10)
____________________.
WRITING PRACTICE 1
Read the short text on page 123 about Difficult Living Conditions and take notes in the 1st
column of the table.
IMPORTANT:
 THE READING TEXT WILL BE COLLECTED BEFORE THE LISTENING SECTION OF
THIS SESSION.
 THE DURATION OF THE READING PART IS ONLY 5 MINUTES.
B. PTW 1.1 & 1.2 Now listen to the recordings and take notes in the 2 nd and 3rd columns of the
table below.
Reading Text Track 1 Track 2
Difficult Living Learning disabilities Attitude
Conditions
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What is it?
How does it cause

illiteracy?
C. Using your ideas and the notes you have taken in the table above, do the task below
using your own words (275 words minimum; 400 words maximum).
Using the notes you have taken, write about the causes of illiteracy, and explain what the
examples of each are. In your opinion, which cause is the most serious? Support your choice
with your own ideas.
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Word Count: _____
WRITING PRACTICE 2
A. Read the short text on page 126 about Dieting and take notes in the 1st column of the table.
IMPORTANT:
 THE READING TEXT WILL BE COLLECTED BEFORE THE LISTENING SECTION OF
THIS SESSION.
 THE DURATION OF THE READING PART IS ONLY 5 MINUTES.
B. PTW 4.1 & 4.2 Now listen to the recordings and take notes in the 2 nd and 3rd columns of
the table below.
Reading Text 1 Track 1 Track 2
(Dieting) (Exercising) (Cosmetic Surgery)
The percentage
of people trying
this method
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The amount of
money spent on
this method
Advantages
Disadvantages
C. Using your ideas and the notes you have taken in the table above, do the task below using
your own words (275 words minimum, 400 words maximum).
Using the notes you have taken, describe the three methods of improving your appearance
and say what the advantages and disadvantages are. Which one do you think is the most
beneficial for people? Support your choice with your own ideas.
______________________________________
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Prepared by CMDU 53
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Prepared by CMDU 54
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Word Count: _____
WRITING PRACTICE 1
READING TEXT
DIFFICULT LIVING CONDITIONS
An illiterate person is someone who is unable to read or write. This has become quite a
prominent problem in many countries all over the world. One of the main causes of illiteracy is
the poor quality of people’s home life, also known as difficult living conditions.
Living in poverty often means children lack basic human needs like food, clothing,
sanitation, even proper education. Children raised in low-income families are at the risk of
suffering academic, social, and health problems, which can negatively affect educational
development. Additionally, if a child is born into a poor family with parents who are illiterate or
under-educated, he/she is more likely to also be illiterate or experience serious learning
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difficulties. It is extremely difficult for a hungry parent to encourage an equally hungry child to
read or study.
In these difficult living conditions, young people often have to grow up quickly and help
take care of their family. Because of this, many of these young adults do poorly in school, and
many of them must drop out of school to get jobs or look after younger siblings. They deal with
numerous issues in these situations, and unfortunately, they often never return to school. As a
result of all this, they become illiterate adults who do not know how to read or write at the
necessary level to be successful in many of life’s activities.
Many adults who are illiterate or poor readers usually just try to survive and generally use
strategies that help them hide their problem. However, because they face many barriers of
illiteracy, they generally develop many other skills to be successful. We can work to solve the
problem of illiteracy if its causes are known and acted upon.
WRITING PRACTICE 2
READING TEXT
DIETING
In a society where image is everything, looking good is very important. People go on diets,
exercise regularly, or even get cosmetic surgery in order to improve their appearance. Dieting is
often the first step towards improving appearance because it is the easiest option for many
people. Today, approximately 65% of Americans are on a diet and they spend $46.3 billion on
weight loss products.
There are believed to be a number of advantages to dieting. First of all, with a good diet
your metabolism can work faster. When this happens, the extra fat in your body is burned off
more easily. Another advantage is that the insulin levels in your body can be kept under control.
When your insulin levels are controlled, your body doesn’t store fats. This is especially important
for people who suffer from diabetes – which is a serious illness. In addition, the risk of diabetes
and heart diseases is reduced. All these factors help you feel more energetic and lively. With the
necessary intake of vitamins and fibers, a healthy diet also makes your skin look younger and
your hair shinier.
As for the disadvantages, in order for your diet to give you good results, you need to
change your lifestyle. However, this is often very difficult. It is hard to make changes about when
you eat, what you eat and why you eat. Another disadvantage is that dieting affects your social
life. Sometimes you stop going out with your friends because it affects your diet. Or ever worse,
your friends stop inviting you for dinner because they don’t know what to cook for you. The last
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problem is the time it takes to plan and prepare meals. You constantly need to count calories or
carbohydrates; therefore, you have to read labels and measure amounts. This is definitely
inconvenient when you consider the pace of modern life.
As you see, you should carefully consider both the advantages and disadvantages before
you decide to go on a diet.
Prepared by CMDU 57

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SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

ENGLISH PREP PROGRAMME

4. The goods are supposed ______ in a week’s time.

6. It’s ______ for you to say you’re leaving university.

7. Though they are not twins, they look extremely ______.

10. “Was my jacket the same price as yours?”

2. I’ve never eaten Indian food, so I am excited to try it.

1- A) much healthier 2- A) recommends 3- A) needn’t

1- A) used to be 2- A) hasn’t died 3- A) offered

1- A) Few 2- A) taking 3- A) While

Is romance permitted in your culture? Is it a part of everyday life, or is it forbidden in public

A) evidence B) survey C) Cultures D) anthropologists

2. Which one of the following completes the sentence below?

A) is forbidden in public places

A) looking at one another affectionately

4. Which one of the following completes the sentence below?

5. Which one is a similarity between human and animal courtships?

A) Males begin most relationships by showing their interest in females.

A) Males try hard to impress females.

a) difference b) variety c) interest d) awareness

a) imprinted b) recognizable c) fussy d) separate

3. I want to remind you that this matter ______ with immediately.

3. Providing proper training for thousands of soldiers is an expensive endeavour.

1- A) the largest 2- A) have destroyed 3- A) are cut down

4- A) very few 5- A) get

1- A) During 2- A) had been serviced 3- A) was flying

4- A) something 5- A) could die 6- A) must have been

Mark the best alternative.

5. Which one of the following COMPLETES the following statement?

A) by the time B) as if C) while D) so that

A) who B) where C) whose D) whom

A) swam/could warn C) have been swimming/can warn

A) so popular that C) too popular

A) with/on B) in/to C) about/in D) for/at

A) In spite of B) Similarly C) In addition to D) Furthermore

A) However B) Even though C) Despite D) Apart from

A) where B) how C) when D) which

A) was declining/repaired C) declined/had repaired

A) could have continued C) has been continuing

1- A) had to stop 2- A) Although 3- A) telling

4- A) either 5- A) would be 6- A) did I have

1- A) have been reaching 2- A) the highest 3- A) much worse than

4- A) Nevertheless 5- A) too bad 6- A) a number of

A. Mark the best alternative.

1. The word “That” in line 5 refers to:

2. The word “This” in line 9 refers to:

3. The word “others” in line 16 refers to the “other _________.”

4. Biodegradable wastes __________.

5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the text?

6. Which of the following is TRUE about recyling?

B. Fill in the following table using the information in the text.

Methods of Waste Disposal Advantages Disadvantages

6. The cat looked relatively big among the mice.

Nowadays, a great (1)....variety.... of different food is available from VARY

A) such a long B) much longer C) the longest D) too long

A) were holding/ attended C) held/would attend

A) when B) where C) which D) what

4. Haiti was the first nation in modern history ______ slavery.

A) to abolish B) abolish C) abolished D) abolishing

A) some/a B) the/- C) a/the D) -/any

A) who B) whose C) which D) how

A) nevertheless C) on the other hand