Module 12: Infectious Diseases of the Genitourinary System

A. VIRAL
1. Viral Gastroenteritis / Acute Viral Gastroenteritis / Stomach Flu
 is an intestinal infection marked by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes fever.
CAUSATIVE RESERVOIRS NURSING TREATMENT / NURSING SIGNS AND
AGENT AND MODE OF DIAGNOSIS MEDICAL MANAGEMENT SYMPTOMS
TRANSMISSION MANAGEMENT
● Viruses  Fecal-oral route ● Diarrhea a. The main focus of  As you start to a. Watery, usually
(particularly (including ● Fluid Deficit treatment is to prevent feel better and nonbloody diarrhea
rotavirus) contaminated food , (maybe actual dehydration by drinking reintroduce — bloody diarrhea
▪ Norovirus water , fomites & or risk plenty of foods into your usually means you
▪ Rotavirus vomitus) ) related to fluids. In severe cases, diet, it’s usually have a different,
▪ Adenovirus frequent bowel hospitalization and best to opt for more severe infection
▪ Astrovirus movement intravenous fluids are bland foods. b. Abdominal cramps
● Bacteria ● Abdominal necessary. ▪ rice and pain
Escherichia coli pain b. Over-the-counter oral ▪ potatoes c. Nausea, vomiting
and rehydration solutions (OHS), ▪ Toast or both
Campylobacter such as Pedialyte, can be ▪ bananas d. Occasional muscle
species are the helpful in mild cases. They are ▪ applesauce aches or headache
primary causes made to be easy on your  Foods to avoid: e. Low-grade fever
of child’s stomach, and ▪ high-fat foods a. Stool Exam
gastroenteritis. they contain a balanced ▪ caffeine b. Loose or watery
mixture of water and salts to ▪ alcohol diarrhea that
replenish essential fluids ▪ sugary foods consists of 3 or
and electrolytes. 1. Maintain hydration more BMs/day
c. Antibiotics have no effect status (counter F&E c. Weight loss
on viruses. Check with your losses) d. ↓ skin turgor
physician before taking ▪ Oral e. ↓ urine output
any over-the-counter replacement f. Dry mucous
medications. with electrolytes membrane
1. IVFs : PNSS & PLR (for those who g. N/v
2. Antiemetic meds are conscious & h. Fever
▪ Ondansetron cooperative) i. Abdominal pain
▪ Metoclopramide ▪ IVf replacement j. SX last < a
3. Monitor serum electrolytes (for those ↓ week, improves
4. Antidiarrheals/antimobility LOC after 1 to 3 days
meds uncooperative) ( sx > 2 weeks is
▪ Diphenoxylate/ atropine 2. Restrict solid chronic
▪ Loperamide food intake but may
CAUTION: NOT provide:
recommended in patients ▪ BRAT diet
who are 65 or older ( banana , rice
(porridge) ,
applesauce ,
toast/non-
caffeinated
tea)
3. Avoid :
caffeinated
beverages ,alcohol
high-fiber & fatty
food
4. Promote use
relaxation
technique
5. Provide for
changes in dietary
intake e.g. yogurt;
cultured milk