CONTEMPORARY IJTIHAD

I. Is the Door Open or Closed?

The question of contemporary ijtihad, or the formulation of ideas and views consistent
with the basic teachings of Islam to solve the problems of contemporary Muslim society,
although very pressing, is still largely unsolved. There must be a reason to this. I shall
discuss this and some other of the more important related matters in these series of
articles, in the hope that they can be a basis for further discussion and, if agreement is
reached, a basis for actions. The nature of this writing necessarily will not enable me to
attribute to authors, but I am drawing heavily on modern authors like Fazlur Rahman,
Muhammad Iqbal, Ali Shariati, Dr. Hassan Hanafi, Muhammad Abduh, Malik Bennabi
and many others, including those from our own country.
In our country, in 1994, a book was published in Malay by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka,
edited by Associate Professor Mahmood Zuhdi of Akademi Islam, Universiti Malaya,
bringing together several articles by local scholars and writers, including himself,
Mahfodz Mohamad, S. Othman Kelantan, A. Ghani Ismail and this writer, on this topic..
This debate shows an unbridgeable gulf between the traditionalist school which
dogmatically adheres to Imam Shafi`e’s classical formulation of the bases of Muslim law
and the modernist school which seeks a freer and more flexible approach. The major
bone of contention seems to be the role of the so-called Prophetic traditions or Hadith/
Sunnah. Although this little book fails to bring the two groups nearer, its publication is
important in the sense that it brings two differing views in one volume, thus enabling
scholars and writers to weigh them and continue the debate.
Firstly, let us ask the question why there occurred the freezing and stagnation of Muslim
thought or what is known in Muslim juristic literature as the "closing of the door of
ijtihad", at the close of the tenth century, three hundred years after the death of Prophet
Muhammad. Although some dogmatic Muslim opinion would deny this phenomenon and
almost blindly assert that the contrary has prevailed, there is no gainsaying that Muslim
thought has frozen after flourishing brilliantly for three centuries, producing such
world-class scientists and philosophers as al-Khawarizmi (mathematician), al-Jahiz
(zoologist), Jabbir ibni Hayyan (chemist), al-Battani (astronomer), al-Biruni (physicist),
Ibni Sina, (philosopher, physician, musician) al-Farabi, al-Kindi (philosophers),
al-Mas`udi, al-Tabari (historians) and many others.
The European Renaissance not only took off from here but owed much to this
Arab-Islamic Ranaissance. Of this period in Islamic history, the historian Phillip K. Hitti
remarked: "If someone in the first third of the seventh Christian century had had the
audacity to prophesy that within a decade some unheralded, unforseen power from the
hithertoo barbarous and little-known land of Arabia was to make its appearance, hurl
itself against the only two world powers of the age, fall heir to the one ? the Sasanid ?
and strip the other ? the Byzantine ? of its fairest provinces, he would undoubtedly have
been declared a lunatic. Yet that was exactly what happened. After the death of the
Prophet, sterile Arabia seems to have been converted as if by magic into a nursery of
heroes the like of whom both in number and quality is hard to find anywhere ..."
The English social historian and philosopher, Robert Briffault, in his brilliant and
profound book, The Making of Humanity, records the extreme debt modern European
civilization owes to it: "… It is highly probable that but for the Arabs modern European
civilization would never have arisen at all; it is absolutely certain that but for them, it
would not have assumed the character which has enabled it to transcend all previous
phases of evolution. For although there is not a single aspect of European growth in
which the decisive influence of Islamic culture is not traceable, nowhere is it so clear and
momentous as in the genesis of that power which constitutes the paramount distinctive
force of the mdern world and the supreme source of its victory natural science and the
scientific spirit" In an unusually honest tribute to Muslim science, famous science
historian, George Sarton, said: "The main task of mankind was accomplished by
Muslims. The greatest philosopher, al-Farabi, was a Muslim; the greatest
mathematicians, Abu Kamil and Ibrahim ibn Sinan, were Muslims; the greatest
geographer and encylopaedist, al-Mas`udi, was Muslim; the greatest historian, al-Tabari,
was still a Muslim."
But just as what happened earlier in Europe, the priestly class, through the Catholic
Church and the Pope, dominated the politics of the European Middle Ages, so three
hundred years after the Prophet’s death, the theologians surreptitiously took over the
affairs of religion and the afterlife of the Muslims. Life became fragmented into two
separate compartments: the worldly life generally of miserable living, and the imaginary
afterlife of Paradise through hardly comprehensible rituals. Religion, which in the Islamic
conception is a way of life (comprehensive, dynamic and changing), became sacralized
and therefore fossilised, unreacheable by change. Europe broke out of this yoke through
its religious reformation of the 16th century and the scientific revolutions of the 16th and
17th centuries. The Muslim world tried to solve this problem with its religious reformation
and legal reforms of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This resulted in some
changes, especially in personal and family law, but not yet deep and comprehensive
enough to render the Muslim mind capable of facing up to the challenges of 21st
century.
It is now obvious to any discerning observer that the two major Western ideologies of
Capitalist Liberalism and Marxist Communism, that have reigned supreme in the world
for the last five decades, have failed. It is not so clear that another religion-orientated
ideology, religious theocracy of the Iranian type, has also failed. As are result, the world
is now acutely feeling the necessity of a new ideology to replace the two, or rather three,
failed ideologies. It is in this context of profound ideological and philosophical crisis of
our time that our young Muslims are flocking to the banner of Islam, this "Islam" being
defined by the theological class, known as ulama.
It is obvious that life is evolutionary. It is enough for us to reflect on the development of a
human being from the embryo in the darkness of the mother’s womb to the new-born
babe, born into a lighted world, knowing next to nothing, and then slowly growing into a
child, a youth, an adult and a mature human being, capable of improving or destroying
society and the world, and then into old age and death. It took several centuries for this
historical evolutionary outlook to take root in Europe. In Muslim society, the absolutist,
anti-historical, anti-evolutionary outlook is still the major impediment hindering the
reconquest of the territory of ijtihad that was its own in the early centuries. This criticism
of the anti-historical and evolutionary outlook of present-day Muslim society is not equal
to our embracing a relativist world outlook. The teachings of the Quran point to a unified
world outlook wherein relativism exists as a pair to absolutism.
To break this impasse posed by static absolutism, Muslim leaders and intellectuals must
re-open the debate on all problems of society. To put it in Kant’s phrase, they must dare
to think. The fear that this debate may lead to confusion and chaos is baseless. There is
more than enough confusion and chaos already! All not because of free debate, but
because of wrong policies and methods! We must return to the basic hypothesis that
man is a rational creature, able to act, given favourable conditions, on the basis of
reason. As the Quran has beautifully put it: "No one can believe except with God’s
permission. However, He blocks those who do not use their reason." (10:100) In other
words, true faith and reason are not contraries.
The orthodox or traditionalist school must defend its position in a free open debate. It is
no longer acceptable to argue that such matters have been debated and settled long
before. Every generation, because of its vital interests in contemporary culture and
civilization, must review its heritage in order to retain and advance the good aspect and
discard the bad. This is how civilization and culture develop and progress.
II. Certain Methodological Inadequacies
There is no stopping the flow of history and of life. This is, as the Quran puts it, God’s
system. In secular language, it is natural law. Only the morally fit human society will
survive the 21st century and the next millennium. But the morally fit also means the
intellectually fit. So Muslim leaders and intellectuals must resolve to overcome Muslim
society’s stagnation and decadence. In the beginning, the early Muslim jurists, especially
Imam Shafi`e who laid the basis of Muslim classical jurisprudence, wanted unity to
overcome what he saw was the prevailing chaos. He raised the status of precedents, the
so-called Hadith/Sunnah, to equal, even rival, the Quran. He may be right in his aim of
wanting unity, but the method is surely wrong. Certainly it cannot be right that his
formulation must last for all times for Muslims. There must be critical re-evaluation by
every generation. Even he, Shafi`e, said as much. But certain vested interests saw to it
that it did not happen, and so this stagnation and decay has lasted for a thousand years!
To break out of this vicious circle, we have to fall back on the Quranic advice to Muslims
always to nurture and develop a group that "invites to the good, command the proper
and prohibit the wrong" (3:104) The Muslims are described as the best nation among
mankind because "they command the right, prevent the evil and believe in God." (Quran,
3:110) So simple precepts, yet so difficult to achieve! Why? Because their theologians (a
veritable priesthood, in spite of their denial) have made religion difficult and mystifying
for them.
Consider the inconsistency and folly of their propositions: Firstly, Muslims should recite
the Quran because they will get blessings from God from such recitals, even though
they may not understand a word of what they recite. Secondly, Muslims should not read
the Quran, because the Quran is beyond their comprehension. What a neat way of
putting God’s teachings away from the Muslims!
Thus one of the first things to insist in a true Islamic reformation is the proper reading
and study of the Quran. It has to be taught in schools as well as outside the school. The
Quran is a guide to life, understood in a comprehensive sense of the word, covering all
aspects, not just so-called religious duties. It is the only divinely-protected scripture,
claiming itself to offer perfect and comprehensive teachings to all mankind. It has proved
itself to be potent and successful in the example of Prophet Muhammad, the only
spiritual teacher who achieved success in his lifetime, and in the examples of his
immediate successors who were inspired by the lofty teachings of the Quran that he
brought to them and with which he brought them back to life and to the peak of the then
civilization.
Once the source of Muslim creativity, the liberating teachings of the Quran, is
rehabilitated, then the creative flow will automatically resume. The classical jurists were
rather restrictive and stingy about whom to allow to formulate Muslim thought, in other
words, to carry out ijtihad. They place all manner of conditions so much so that it
resulted in stifling creative intellectual activity. God teaches us in the Quran to obey two
sources only, firstly God and his messenger, i.e. the Quran; secondly, our rightful (and
just) leaders. (see Quran, 4:59 and 4:58) The leading group, always the active and the
thinking part of the community, should rightfully do the intellectual formulations.
Enlarged, the leading group includes the intelligentsia, those who are knowledgeable
and use their minds to think things out. This group studies and analyses data and
formulates ideas and thoughts that are discussed and debated before they are
re-formulated and entered into policy decisions by the proper authorities. That is how it
should be and that was how it all started in the beginning. To insist on arbitrary and even
academic qualifications is neither here nor there. Academic qualifications do not equal
serious thought or concern for society.
For instance, consider the following pre-conditions laid down by classical jurisprudence
for doing ijtihad. (a) He must be a Muslim, (b) He must be conversant in Arabic, (c) He
must be knowledgeable of the Quran and of the rules of classical exegesis, (d) He must
not only know the Hadith science, but believe in the Hadith as well, (e) He must know
what has been agreed upon by classical theologians, and not re-open discussion on
them, and (f) He must know the methodology of Qias, or analogical deductions.
Some of these qualifications are obvious without anyone having to stipulate them, such
as being a Muslim, conversant in the Arabic language and knowledgeable in the related
sciences. But to insist on uncritical acceptance of the Hadith and all the interpretation
and explanations that had been handed down from a thousand years ago is
unreasonable, to say the least.
Let free scientific debate weed out the false. No authority can legislate on truth.
Therefore, Muslim society must dare to think freely (of course, within the wide confines
of Islam) and allow their concerned members to think through the basic teachings of
their religion to formulate new ideas and thoughts to enable them to cope with the
problems of the modern world and to win their rightful place in it.
One matter that has caused Muslim backwardness is their bifurcation of life into the
worldly and the other-worldly with the rise of the theological class. They look down upon
the first and aim for the second. Their theologians misinterpret verses from the Quran
and quote traditions to justify this false world-outlook. To my mind, it is the greatest
single factor causing their present backwardness. They must overcome this quickly if
they wish to survive in the 21st century.
Our religoin of tauhid or belief in One God necessarily implies one life and one world
with one law. There is no afterlife without this life. Therefore, Islam has taught us to think
in terms of the unity of life. Our ijtihad must cover all aspects of life, not just certain
aspects only. In the past, our theologians and jurists deliberated on rituals of worship
and certain aspects of law. They left the so-called secular area (government, politics,
commerce, economics and science) to the secular authorities. That, in fact, spelt Muslim
doom.
Secularism is another bane in present-day Muslim thought. If life is a unity, why the
division into secular and sacred? Quranic teachings and Muhammad’s Medinah Charter
point to a very important but little observed matter in the religion of Islam. Islam is both a
philosophy or world-view, a code of life and a method of worship. The philosophy is
all-embracing, universal and meant for all mankind. It consists of the principles one
sovereign lawful and loving power legislating for the whole created Universe with Man as
simultaneously servant of the Lord and master of the Universe, and the absolute values
of goodness, unity, justice, peace, truth and mercy. The code is historically bound and
therefore pluralistic but linked to the absolute values. The method of worship is also
historically bound, particular and pluralistic. Thus, if we adopt this correct perspective of
Islamic teachings, many of our current problems will be clarified for us.
Last, but not least, we should not forget the intellectual and political environment in
which many of our leaders and intellectuals were born and bred in. I am referring to
Western colonialism and imperialism. As the Algerian thinker, Malik Bennabi has pointed
out, one of the lasting effects of Western colonialism is the colonialism of the Muslim
mind. It has not only cut us away from our Islamic heritage to draw us to adopt Western
ideologies, but also to make us feel inferior to the West. We know more of Adam Smith,
Descartes, Bertrand Russell, Newton and Einstein than al-Farabi, Ibn Sina,
al-Khawarizmi, Ibn Khaldun, Mulla Sadra, Shah Waliullah and even Muhammad Iqbal.
The first independence is the independence of the mind. That is the basic meaning of
tauhid, that we are free and equal to all other human beings and that we bow down to no
one other than God. We have to seek and follow the Right Path taught to us by God in
this world. This seems to me to be the first condition of Muslim revival.
III. The Way Ahead
We shall now consider the last question, the areas of contemporary ijtihad. Let me break
it into two principal categories: the theoretical and the practical. In spite of al-Ghazzali’s
famous refutation of philosophy in 12th century, it does seem that the Muslim world, in
spite of going through a period of decadence after the fall of Baghdad, does not lack
philosophers and thinkers in the rationalist tradition of the Mu’tazilites. We have the 14th
century Arab historical philosopher Ibn Khaldun with his incomparable Muqaddimah,
ironically made known to us only recently by a European scholar. We have the profound
works of the 17th century Iranian philosopher, Mulla Sadra, the 18th century highly
modern Indian thinker, Shah Waliullah, the widely-travelled modern political thinker,
Jamaluddin al-Afghani and his equally famous Egyptian disciple, social reformer
Muhammad Abduh, the the important works of the Indian poet-philosopher, Muhammad
Iqbal and again the invigorating lectures of the Iranian thinker, Ali Shari`ati, to mention a
few big names only. Their works definitely can stand more than comparison with their
Western counterparts. The question is why they are not studied in the Muslim world
itself. I do not know how many universities in the Muslim world teach philosophy. In
Malaysia itself, after forty-four years of independence, no university has a full-pledged
philosophy department, although the teaching of the subject is extremely important for
the development and growth of the Muslim mind. Our educational system is too
utility-orientated. It must reformed to bring in knowledge for the sake of truth, since truth
is the ground rule of this lawful Universe.
Are the Muslims clear about the right Islamic attitude towards the various Western
ideologies? They are divided. Some adopt Western liberal democracy; some socialism;
some even communism. Almost all the philosophers and writer mentioned above had
ably criticized Western philosophies and ideologies, but since they have not been read
and studied by the Muslim elites of recent times, they have remained dead in the
libraries!
In this respect, Muslim traditional and backward ideology has played an important role in
suppressing this rationalist tradition in Muslim thought and preventing it from spreading
and growing. Why should al-Ghazzali, Ibn Taymiyah, Sayyed Qutub, Maududi and Yusuf
Khardawi be more read in our country than Ibn Sina, al-Farabi, Ibn Khaldun, Shah
Waliullah and Ali Shariati? The link between Western imperialism and Muslim reaction,
though outwordly concealed, is clear. Our last Malaysian election revealed this link. The
on-going Western imperialist attempt to destroy Iraq is a glaring and blatant example.
Muslim societies must be honest and brave enough to admit they have not allowed
intellectual freedom to their inquisitive and thoughtful sons. In recent times, some of the
best Muslim intellects, incuding the brilliant Pakistani Nobel laureatte, scientist Abdul
Salam and again the able Pakistani scholar Fazlur Rahman had to migrate to Europe
and the United State to do their work. We have seen that at all times Muslim societies do
not lack philosophical minds. What we must resolve to do is give those minds their
requisite freedom. We should not fear error, because, being believers in truth, error will
be weeded out in a free, open, scientific debate. On the other hand, piling up error upon
error in the absence of free debate have led us to -- where? Doom and destruction!
Muslim societies must remedy this situation quickly. Critical philosophical thinking must
be encouraged and supported, as it is the basis for the development of true knowledge,
the only sure way to our progress.

The practical category must, of necessity, mean political economy and government. As
between communist theory (which has now failed) and capitalist theory (whose failure,
though certain, is perhaps not yet clear), what is the Islamic concept of development?
Does Islam teach a particular form of government, or does it leave the form free, within
the limits of certain principles? Many Muslim writers have tried to answer these
questions, especially during the last three decades. There seems to be a general
consensus that Muslim political economy and government are neither of the Eastern
Marxist communist type, nor of the Western liberal capitalist type. These should aim to
achieve justice and general welfare for the population. But the experiments of Saudi
Arabia, Pakistan and Iran have not produced the results expected from an Islamic
system. Of course, the example of modern Turkey is there to warn us against wholesale
Westernization.
Again, to solve this problem, we have to resort to the standards of the teachings of the
Quran and the example of Prophet Muhammad. The first advocate three basic changes:
ideological, moral and material. The Meccan revelations sought to bring a change in the
ideological outlook of the people from one of disbelief to one of belief in One God and
one universal law as well as to change the moral outlook of bestial life of the Jahilliah
period to one consistent with human dignity, equality and brotherhood and with man’s
God-given role as master of the Universe. The latter Medina revelations laid down the
law and principles of the law.
Once he was in control of the city of Medina, Muhammad gave it its famous charter,
known as the Medina Charter, claimed by some writers to be the first written constitution
in the world, five hundred years before English Magna Carta of 1215. In that Charter, he
formed a consultative government, with himself as the head, and a federal power
structure, with security, economy and justice under central control and religious rites and
customs under various clan or religious community’s jurisdiction, The Charter provided a
common citizenship to all its inhabitants who owed the state their loyalty and to whom
the state gave protection. One can call the Medina Charter Muhammad’s ijtihad, based
on the teachings of the Quran. That is what we should also do, with other scientific aids
to help, but not to block, as happened in the past.
This consultative form of government initiated by Muhammad was continued in one form
or another by his four successors, the so-called righteous caliphs, Abu Bakr, Umar Ibn
Khattab (by whose time the lighting moves of the Arab-Islamic armies had established a
Muslim empire), Uthman Ibn Affan and Ali Abi Talib. Muawiyyah, who wrested power
from Ali, began the Muawiyyah Dynasty, putting an end Muhammad legacy of
consultative government. The Muawiyyah Dynasty was succeeded by the intellectually
illustrious Abbasiyyah Dynasty, during which luminaries whose names we have
mentioned flourished in Baghdad and during which Baghdad also fell the hordes of the
Mogols in 1258 A.D. Even before then, decline and decay had set in, putting an end to
the Arab-Islamic Renaissance, which truly ushered in the modern world, to which the
ensuing European Renaissance owed much debt.
We must ask why the so-called Islamic experiments in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Iran
have failed. The common characteristic of these experiments is that they don the garb of
Islam, but in actual fact, it is the Islam defined by the traditional clergy, both Sunni and
Shiah, that has always, directly or indirectly, collaborated with imperialism. That is the
reason for their failure. Islam is a revolutionary ideology and ethic. It can never
compromise with imperialism. Compromise with imperialism means compromise with
error.
Let us examine the specific cases of Iraq, the seat of Islamic civilization, and of
Malaysia, a non-Arab country on the periphery of the Islamic heartland. After the
break-up of the Ottoman Empire and its division among the European powers, Iraq was
a monarchy aligned to British imperialism. The anti-feudal revolution of July, 1958 put an
end to the old regime and further the Ba`ath revolution of July, 1968 put the
revolutionary republican party in power. Ba`ath ideology ably combined Arabism,
socialism and Islam . Under its leadership, Iraq nationalised the British oil company and
developed Iraq, within twenty years, into a modern, strong, progressive Arab country,
capable of uniting the Arabs and of defeating the Zionist state of Israel. After Iraq’s
victory in the imperialist-instigated Iran-Iraq War of 1981-88, Anglo-American
imperialism immediately recognized Iraq’s danger to their interests. This was the real
reason for the Anglo-American imperialist-manipulated U.N-sanctioned war against Iraq,
which they actually lost on the ground, but which, because of their control of the U.N.
Security Council, succeeded in sidelining Iraq temporarily.
Although its constitution states that Islam is the religion of the state, Iraq is a secular
state in the sense that it separates religion, defined in the narrow sense, from state
policy. Contrary to popular opinion, this is quite in line with the teachings of the Quran
(see Quran, 22:67 and 2:62) and with the formulation of Muhammad’s Medina Charter.
Of course, its revolutionary philosophy is entirely in accord with the teachings of Islam.
This is precisely why Anglo-American imperialism wishes to destroy it.
An Islamically-orientated government can take many forms, depending on the history
and culture of its people. As long as the government satisfies the basic conditions that it
governs justly, is based on consultation with the people, and is led by morally upright
and professionally competent people, it can be described as Islamic. As we know, the
population of Iraq consists mainly of Muslims, with some Christians and Jews. The
Muslims divide almost equally between the Sunni and Shiah sects and yet they live and
work in perfect harmony. Mr. Tariq Aziz, Iraq’s Deputy Prime Minister, for example, is a
Christian. This situation of good cooperation and harmony among the various religions
and sects in Iraq is unique. One must admit that such peace and harmony between
religions is the essence of Islamic teachings. Yet, Iraq is not seen by many Muslims as
Islamic. This is partly due to the intrigues of imperialism and partly to the great influence
the Muslim clergy exercises on them.
Like Iraq, the Malaysian constitution also stipulates Islam as the official religion, while
allowing other religions to be practised freely. Is the Malaysian state secular? But then
Muslims are not free to renounce their religion, if anyone of them chooses to do so, even
though the Quran clearly gives them that freedom. The Muslim clergy is represented in a
political party (PAS), now ruling two states, and has made known its intention to
implement what they call Muslim Law. What they call Muslim Law is simply what
classical Muslim jurists stipulated to be so a thousand years ago! It is universally agreed
that law evolves and Muslim law too should evolve to suit the prevailing circumstances.
What do not change are the basic principles of the law. It is clearly stated in the Quran
that these principles are only two: the principles of justice and mercy. Some forms of
punishments mentioned in the Quran, like cutting off the hand for thieves, precisely refer
to punishments on the basis of the principle of justice of a certain specific era. (In
England in the 19th century one of the punishments for theft was death!) They are not
applicable to all times and places. I have already alluded to the weakness of historical
thinking in the Muslim mind above.
Unlike Iraq, independent Malaysia took over the political and economic systems of its
erstwhile colonial power, Britain. Of course, changes have been made over the years to
suit the requirements of the Malaysian people, for instance, the New Economic Policy, to
help the disadvantaged Malay community. But liberalism, being capitalistic, suffers from
the weaknesses of philosophical liberalism, like the unfettered freedom of individuals to
make money and own property, leading to elite control of economic and political power ?
the famous "money politics" problem that still bedevils UMNO. That is why the liberal
UMNO-led ruling coalition, the National Front, is being challenged by the party of the
Muslim clergy. Will UMNO try to outdo PAS in its Islamization drive? I have stated above
that such a path cannot lead to a solution of the problems of modernization of Muslim
society in Malaysia. The way ahead is to modify the present system to bring it closer to
the Islamic politico-economic principles of justice, government through consultation
(democracy is really dia mahu kerusi, meaning they want position), government by
upright and competent leaders and care for the general welfare. As for law, apply the
principles of justice and mercy and that is the essence of Islamic law. As for women,
they are essentially equal and complimentary to men and must be so treated.
Historically, they depended on men, explaining the historically-bound laws in some
passages of the Quran. As for rites of worship, they are pluralistic and particular, and
should be under autonomous jurisdiction of each religious community. Of course,
religious reaction, such as posed by PAS, can only be fought by thoroughly exposing its
false ideology and the building of a just society.
I hope I have sufficiently made clear that contemporary ijtihad in Muslim society should
be based on the universal principles taught in the Quran. Other sources should help, but
not hinder, this necessary work. It should lead to practical solutions. A way must be
found quickly to release Muslim society from the clutches of hide-bound traditionalism
that has weighed it down for so long.
There is not the slightest doubt that Islam will triumph in the end, because this is God’s
promise in the Quran. (See 9:33 repeated three times.) But Muslims and other believers
must strive hard to bring it about quicker, as God bids them to do.

A Short Note On The Medina Charter

Kassim Ahmad
The Medina Charter, written and promulgated by Prophet Muhammad for the
multi-religious ten thousand-strong citizens of the city-state of Medina in 622 A.D is truly
a remarkable political-constitutional document. The claim made by Professor M.
Hamidullah that it was the first written constitution (FN1) in the world is not without basis.
Aristotle's Constitution of Athens (FN2), written on papyrus, discovered by an American
missionary in Egypt in 1890 and published in 1891, was not a constitution. It was an
account of the constitution of the city-state of Athens. Other legal writings on the conduct
of ancient societies have been found, but none can be described as a constitution. The
Medina Charter is the first, and in this it preceded the American Constitution of 1787,
considered by Western authorities as "a landmark document of the Western world … the
oldest written national constitution in operation" (FN3) by more than a thousand years! It
also preceded the English feudal bill of rights, the Magna Carter of 1215, by almost six
centuries!
Not only is the Madina Charter important in the sense that it is the first written
constitution; it is also modern in the sense that it was promulgated for a plural society,
giving equal rights to every citizen as well as giving them a say in governmental matters,
as we shall see.
Considering all these, it is amazing that those Muslim leaders and writers who talk and
write about the Islamic state seldom refer to this important seminal political document of
Islam.
It is to be remembered that Muhammad had become a prophet, reciting God's
revelations to his fellow-Meccans, for twelve years before he and his followers migrated
to Yathrib, two hundred and ten miles to the north of Mecca. There was going to be
another ten years to his mission before he completed the delivery of the Divine message
to the Arabs and to mankind in God's final scripture, the Quran. So this Medina Charter
was provisional in the sense that it could not contain all the provisions of statecraft
contained in the Quran. Yathrib was later to known as "The City of the Prophet " or
simply Medina. The reason for the migration was the growing opposition of the Quraisy
aristocracy to his teachings and the receptive attitude shown by some Yathrib pilgrims to
Mecca at this time.
The whole text of the Charter has been reproduced, word for word, by Ibn Ishaq and
Abu Ubaid in their respective books from the original preserved by Ibn Abi Khithamah.
(FN4)
The Charter consists of 47 clauses, but due to different numbering, Prof. Hamidullah
counts it to be 52 (FN5). Clauses 1, 2 and 39 state the formation of a sovereign
nation-state with a common citizenship, consisting of various communities, principally
Muslim Arabs from Mecca (the Muhajirin or Immigrants), Muslim Arabs from Yathrib (the
Ansar or Helpers), other monotheists form Yathrib (i.e. the Jews) and others who must
be at that time still pagans. These constitute a unified citizenry (Arabic term, ummah),
having equal rights and responsibilities, as distinct from other peoples.
It should not escape anyone's notice that these two clauses established the first modern
nation-state in the world. Although Medina was just a city, its Charter was to last until the
beginning of the Umayyad Dynasty in 1661. Western historians cite the Treaties of
Westphalia in 1648 as the beginning of the modern nation-state era. (FN6)
The Charter provided a federal structure with a centralized authority, with the various
tribes in various districts constituting a unit and enjoying autonomy in certain matters of
a social, cultural and religious character. Provision for this district autonomy is repeated
for each district. (Clauses 3 through to 11 and 26 through to 35) In fact, many matters
were left in the hands of the autonomous units, except state security and national
defense. (Clauses 17, 36 (a) and 47) Provisions for these centralized subjects are made
in Clauses 13, 15, 17 and 44. Only in cases of disputes the units could not resolve,
recourse for their decisions had to be made to the Prophet, whose decision was final.
(Clauses 23 and 41)
As Prof. Hamidullah rightly stated, " … this new constitution … brought with it very
important, and -- to Arabia at least -- very revolutionary change and improvement, by
providing the people with a central public institution for seeking justice, in place of
everyone seeking it with the power of his own hand or, at best, that of his family. This
epoch-making innovation … brought an end for all times to the chaos of tribalism and
which laid the basis for a wider institution, viz a State." (FN7)
It should be noted that this loyalty to the State by its plural citizenry constituted a
nationalism, or more exactly a patriotism, that is approved by Islam, contrary to what
some modern Muslim ideologues assert. It is in line with the teaching in the Quranic
verse, "O people, We created you from the same male and female and rendered you
into distinct peoples and tribes that you may recognize one another. The best of you in
the sight of God is the most righteous." (FN8)
There were twenty districts each with a chief (naqib) and deputy chiefs (`arif) and its
meeting place (saqifah). The city at this time had a population of about ten thousand. Of
these, the Muslims made up only a few hundred; half of it were monotheist Jews, the
rest being polytheists. (FN9)
It is noteworthy that the Charter ordained equality to its members and protected them
against oppression. (Clause 16). The State proclaimed the brotherhood of believers and
gave each one a right and support to give protection to any individual, excepting an
enemy. (Clause 15). It also extended help to its members in debt or in financial
difficulties in regard to payment of ransom or blood-money. (Clause 12). It prohibited
help or refuge to be given to a murderer. (Clause 22).
A very important human right is given in Clause 25 where freedom was guaranteed for
each community to practice its own religion. The implication of this clause is that each
individual was also free to choose his or her religion, in line with the clear teachings of
the Quran. (FN10)
Another important principle of statecraft is consultation with the people in all matters.
This is stated in Clause 37(a). Unlike in modern democratic polity, the voice of the
people, vox populi, regardless of whether that voice represents right and truth or not, is
given the highest value. This is a basic flaw in Western democracy. Another important
principle of just governance is that no quarter is given to an injustice or wrong-doing. In
the Charter, this is stated in Clause 47.
As I stated above, this constitution is Muhammad's ijtihad at formulating a constitution
when he was confronted with the task of administrating the city-state of Medina. At this
time, he had not yet received the full Quran. He had therefore to fall back on customs
and precedents, and he did. In any case, all constitutions are provisional in the sense
that it must be adapted to changing times.
A trace of Arab tribalism can be detected in two clauses where a member together with
his family were to be punished because of a crime he committed. (Clauses 25 and
36(b)) This clearly contradicts another clause which states that no evil-doer is punished
except for the crime he commits. (Clause 46)
Perhaps, in the light of present Muslim interest in an "Islamic state", we should point out
that this important constitutional document of Islam does not anywhere use the term
"Islamic state" of "Islamic society". The major principles governing an Islamic society
are, of course, present -- principles like justice, brotherhood and unity of believers, unity
and cooperation among zitizens of the state, freedom of religion, strict adherence to
pacts entered into between parties, cooperation to do good and to prevent evil,
encouragement for high moral conduct, consultation as a method of government. It is
also interesting to note that what has been called "Hudud laws", being part of Islamic
Law, is also nowhere mentioned in the document.
It should be noted that the Charter, this first Islamic political-constitutional document,
was given to the people of Medina in the name of Muhammad the Prophet (Clause 1)
and also in the name of God as well as Prophet Muhammad. (Clause 47) Why two
different ways of phrasing the ultimate source of power? It is to be remembered that
during the Western Middle Ages, the Church ruled supreme in the name of God, and
God's name was, of course, much misused by hypocrites and opportunists. The modern
Western practice of replacing God with the people has, of course, not helped matters
very much. In the name of the people, oppression, wars, colonialism and aggressions
have been launched.
Thus, even in this modern age of science and technology, mankind cannot ignore a
power that is greater than itself. Mankind has an autonomous right to live, and to live
happily, but he must do that in a lawfully created Universe. It is in this sense that the
Charter was given in the name of Muhammad the Prophet, who represented the
principle of the good and of right reason, which is higher than the individual man.
Likewise, in Clause 47 God's name was put first, as God represents the highest Good
and the highest principle of right reason. This is necessary to conduct Man to higher and
ever higher achievements.
APPENDIX
THE MEDINA CHARTER (FN11)
In the name of God the Compassionate, the Merciful.
(1) This is a document from Muhammad the prophet (governing the relations) between
the believers and Muslims of Quraysh and Yathrib, and those who followed them and
joined them and labored with them.

(2) They are one community (umma) to the exclusion of all men.
(3) The Quraysh emigrants according to their present custom shall pay the bloodwit
within their number and shall redeem their prisoners with the kindness and justice
common among believers.
(4-8) The B. ‘Auf according to their present custom shall pay the bloodwit they paid in
heatheism; every section shall redeem its prisoners with the kindness and justice
common among believers. The B. Sa ida, the B. ‘l-Harith, and the B. Jusham, and the B.
al-Najjar likewise.
(9-11) The B. ‘Amr b. ‘Auf, the B. al-Nabit and the B. al-‘Aus likewise.
(12)(a) Believers shall not leave anyone destitute among them by not paying his
redemption money or bloodwit in kindness.
(12)(b) A believer shall not take as an ally the freedman of another Muslim against him.
(13) The God-fearing believers shall be against the rebellious or him who seeks to
spread injustice, or sin or animosity, or corruption between believers; the hand of every
man shall be against him even if he be a son of one of them.
(14) A believer shall not slay a believer for the sake of an unbeliever, nor shall he aid an
unbeliever against a believer.
(15) God’s protection is one, the least of them may give protection to a stranger on their
behalf. Believers are friends one to the other to the exclusion of outsiders.
(16) To the Jew who follows us belong help and equality. He shall not be wronged nor
shall his enemies be aided.
(17) The peace of the believers is indivisible. No separate peace shall be made when
believers are fighting in the way of God. Conditions must be fair and equitable to all.
(18) In every foray a rider must take another behind him.
(19) The believers must avenge the blood of one another shed in the way of God.
(20)(a) The God-fearing believers enjoy the best and most upright guidance.
(20)(b) No polytheist shall take the property of person of Quraysh under his protection
nor shall he intervene against a believer.
(21) Whoever is convicted of killing a believer without good reason shall be subject to
retaliation unless the next of kin is satisfied (with blood-money), and the believers shall
be against him as one man, and they are bound to take action against him.
(22) It shall not be lawful to a believer who holds by what is in this document and
believes in God and the last day to help an evil-doer or to shelter him. The curse of God
and His anger on the day of resurrection will be upon him if he does, and neither
repentance nor ransom will be received from him.
(23) Whenever you differ about a matter it must be referred to God and to Muhammad.
(24) The Jews shall contribute to the cost of war so long as they are fighting alongside
the believers.
(25) The Jews of the B. ‘Auf are one community with the believers (the Jews have their
religion and the Muslims have theirs), their freedmen and their persons except those
who behave unjustly and sinfully, for they hurt but themselves and their families.
(26-35) The same applies to the Jews of the B. al-Najjar, B. al-Harith, B. Sai ida, B.
Jusham, B. al-Aus, B. Tha'laba, and the Jafna, a clan of the Tha‘laba and the B.
al-Shutayba. Loyalty is a protection against treachery. The freedmen of Tha ‘laba are as
themselves. The close friends of the Jews are as themselves.
(36) None of them shall go out to war save the permission of Muhammad, but he shall
not be prevented from taking revenge for a wound. He who slays a man without warning
slays himself and his household, unless it be one who has wronged him, for God will
accept that.
(37) The Jews must bear their expenses and the Muslims their expenses. Each must
help the other against anyone who attacks the people of this document. They must seek
mutual advice and consultation, and loyalty is a protection against treachery. A man is
not liable for his ally’s misdeeds. The wronged must be helped.
(38) The Jews must pay with the believers so long as war lasts.
(39) Yathrib shall be a sanctuary for the people of this document.
(40) A stranger under protection shall be as his host doing no harm and committing no
crime.
(41) A woman shall only be given protection with the consent of her family.
(42) If any dispute or controversy likely to cause trouble should arise it must be referred
to God and to Muhammad the apostle of God. God accepts what is nearest to piety and
goodness in this document.
(43) Quraysh and their helpers shall not be given protection.
(44) The contracting parties are bound to help one another against any attack on
Yathrib.
(45)(a) If they are called to make peace and maintain it they must do so; and if they
make a similar demand on the Muslims it must be carried out except in the case of a
holy war.
(45)(b) Every one shall have his portion from the side to which he belongs.
(46) The Jews of al-Aus, their freedmen and themselves have the same standing with
the people of this document in purely loyalty from the people of this document. Loyalty is
a protection against treachery. He who acquires ought acquires it for himself. God
approves of this document.
(47) This deed will not protect the unjust and the sinner. The man who goes forth to fight
and the man who stays at home in the city is safe unless he has been unjust and sinned.
God is the protector of the good and God-fearing man and Muhammad is the apostle of
God.
FOOTNOTES:
The First Written Constitution in the World, Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, Lahore, 1968.
First published in England, 1941.
Translated by Frederic G. Kenyon, Internet. !996 The Avalon Project.
The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th Edition, 1991.
The First Written Constitution in the World, p. 9. The translation of the whole text for
A. Guillaume's Life of Muhammad is appended at the end.
Ibid., pp. 19-20.
The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th Edition, 1991.
The First Written Constitution, p. 18.
Quran, 49:13.
Ibid., pp. 12-13.
There shall be no compulsion in religion: the right way is now distinguished from the
wrong way." (2:256) Note that this statement of complete religious freedom
comes immediately after the grandest statement of God's power to be found in
any scripture. It is indeed significant!
This text is taken from A. Guillaume, The Life of Muhammad -- A Translation of
Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah, Oxford University Press, Karachi, 1955; pp. 231-233.
Numbering added.

Why The Row Over Anti-Hadith But Silence

On Quran Illiteracy?
Kassim Ahmad
The time may have come for us to do a final reckoning with ourselves, our people, and
the international community. Never in the history of mankind have we faced such total
collapse as we do today.... Where has morality gone? Where on the face of this earth is
a group or groups of moral human beings?... There is a limit to human endurance of
suffering without protest; that limit has been passed!
When a group of our people in Malaysia wants to bring back the Quran to the hearts of
the populace today, this is the significance and the implication. For a thousand years,
Muslims have strayed so far away from God’s teachings and lived in such ignorance that
they are powerless to destroy the evil perpetrated before their eyes. Western civilization
too has strayed far away from the teachings of the prophets, including Moses and
Jesus.... Both East and West must return to God’s teachings, particularly the Quran, His
final, complete, perfect, and detailed scripture.
Alas, when Jema'ah Al-Quran Malaysia (Quranic Society of Malaysia or JAM) was
formed precisely for this mission, a number of our leaders and intellectuals leapt up and
protested. "Anti-Hadith group! Anti-Hadith group!" they screamed in accusation. What?
Bringing the Quran to the people so that they would understand, this is anti-hadith? So,
letting the people remain Quran illiterate, as in the past five hundred years in Malaysia,
is acceptable?
I write this open letter to the nation’s leaders and intellectuals in all communities in the
hope that we can study this matter calmly and rationally, without hurling accusations and
threats and creating an atmosphere of animosity and tension. It is with a sense of
responsibility and humility that I ask this, for it is not a matter involving religious ritual,
but one of life and death for our people.
In 1986, this writer published a book, Hadis - Satu Penilaian Semula (its English
translation, Prophetic Traditions, A Re-evaluation will also be published, God willing)
with the intention stated above. Many of the hadith compiled by Bukhari, Muslim and
others that we use today, according to this writer’s study, are in conflict with the
teachings of the Quran. I give instances in three areas:
One, adulation of or unquestioning acceptance of the teachings of a leader. Since this
principle was instilled, Muslims have feared others besides God; they have been afraid
to question leaders. Hence they became slaves of the leaders, whereas the Quran
exhorts us to free ourselves of all forms of subservience, except to the One God....
Two, prohibiting the use of the rational mind. Generally, Muslims are taught not to use
their minds in religious matters. This teaching is spread through some false hadith.
Purportedly, the use of the mind in religious matters would lead us astray. If the mind
may not be used in religious matters, why may it be used in other matters? Are religious
and secular matters to be kept separate? Indeed, this is what has paralyzed the
intellects of Muslims in comparison with others. The minds of Muslims have been dead
for a thousand years, killed by these false hadith. On the contrary, the teaching of the
Quran give the mind a noble place. God deems human beings who do not use their
minds worse than animals! (7:179) God bars those who do not use their minds from the
fold of the faithful. (10:100)
Three, suppression of creativity. It is evident that for a long time, Muslims have not been
creative. Since the thirteenth century when Islamic civilization began to decline, modern
scientific discoveries and technological inventions have been made by others,
particularly those who hold that human beings may know and may create progress. In
the early days, Muslims were highly creative because they adhered to the Quran’s
dynamic teachings, which urge Muslims to work and strive for success in this world and
the next. But since they turned to the teachings of the hadith, their creativity declined, for
these false hadith teach resignation to taqdir (divine pre-destination) or fatalism.
Purportedly, good and evil are from God. The Malay proverb, "If you are fated to gain a
cupak (a small measure of rice) you will not gain a gantang (a big measure of rice),"
reflects this world-view.
All three teachings from certain false hadith are clearly in conflict with teachings in the
Quran. The Islamic education system from the village pondok (rural religious seminary)
right up to the Azhar university, based on rote learning and unquestioning acceptance,
teaches that hadith cannot possibly be in conflict with the Quran. This would be true of
hadith that are really from the Prophet. But history tells us that the hadith compilations
by Bukhari and others were made between 200 and 250 years after the Prophet’s death.
These compilations are the responsibility of Bukhari and others, not of the Prophet. The
Prophet’s responsibility as God’s messenger was to convey the Quran....
Some religious leaders label as apostates those who adhere to the Quran, accusing
them of being anti-hadith. According to certain hadith, apostates are punished by being
put to death. Are they not aware that leaders of Christian Church during the Middle Ages
in Europe also put to death apostates from Christianity? Thus, this is not punishment
under God’s law, but one from the age of ignorance which entered the hadith through
the Torah (Old Testament), which had been tampered with. (Refer to Deut. 13:5-10) Do
our people know that according to the teachings of the Quran, one is given full freedom
to choose one's religion? Thus, killing someone for religion is totally forbidden by God
and is a great sin.
The study of the hadith has been developed into a complex one in Islam from the 9th to
the 15th century. The early hadith scholars established a method of sifting out the weak
hadith and retaining only the genuine ones. However, we must realize that knowledge
develops, and one of the conditions for development is freedom to criticize. No
philosopher, scientist or scholar is free of weaknesses, and one of the ways of
overcoming weaknesses is through scientific criticism. We have seen the weaknesses of
the method used by the early hadith scholars in the existence of many hadith which are
in conflict with the Quran in Sahih Bukhari (Bukhari’s compilation of hadith that are
regarded as genuine) and others.
Now we need to review the definition of sahih or authentic hadith. Does it mean
confirmed as genuine only on the basis of isnad (chain of narrators) or also on the basis
of matan (meaning of text)? Between isnad and matan, which is the more important? As
we are talking about the sayings and doings of the Prophet, the term sahih must be
based on matan which is in line with the Quran, for the sayings and doings of the
Prophet Muhammad could not possibly be in conflict with the teaching of the Quran.
It is clear why we need to do a re-evaluation. Every Muslim believes in the Quran and
puts it above all other teachings. Our problem is the Quran-illiteracy of Muslims whose
language is not Arabic, and of Arab Muslims whose language is Arabic. They do not
know which of the hadith taught to them are in conflict with the teachings of the Quran
and which are not. Many false teachings have been slipped into the hadith by foes of
Islam in those days (the Jews, the Christians, the Persians) to undermine Islam from
within. If Muslims wish to be great again, and surely they do wish it, re-evaluating the
hadith on the basis of the Quran and understanding and practicing the teachings of the
Quran are unavoidable conditions.
Certainly, when this re-evaluation is carried out, certain changes and adjustments will
need to be made in our beliefs and practices. As these changes are made to correct and
improve, we need not fear making them. In fact, we should welcome them. What we
should fear is going on practicing wrong traditions after knowing them to be so.
But these few changes and adjustments involve major matters:
One, we must reject adulation of leaders. We must bow only to God. All human beings
are equal--none higher or lower than the other. This will rekindle the spirit of jihad
(struggling in God’s cause) among Muslims....
Two, we must reject taqlid (un-questioning acceptance of human authority). We must
use our minds to gain knowledge. We read all books, but critically. We learn from all
teachers, but without forgetting our critical faculty. In this way, we shall inherit only the
good from our ancestors; the bad we shall cast aside. Thus will the Islamic intellect
blossom again.
Three, we must reject fatalism. Our fates as individuals and as a nation is shaped by
ourselves, not by taqdir (divine predestination). The law is: those who strive will attain;
those who do not strive will not. Man cannot know his capacity until he tries. The
Omniscient God knows everything from beginning to end, but man does not know what
God knows. This change will revive the creativity of Muslims; and science, philosophy,
art and technology will bloom again in the Islamic world.
These are the three major changes we must make as individuals and as a people when
we re-evaluate the hadith on the basis of the Quran and when we return to the Quran. Is
this impossible? I think not. The best ways of making these changes can be discussed
and decided by our leaders and intellectuals.
As we have seen, the anti-hadith allegations hurled at us are the result of ignorance or
misunderstanding on the part of the people and a handful of leaders who fear for their
position and authority. These can be overcome through sincere and fair discussion. We
all declare ourselves to be Muslims. What, then, prevents us from holding talks to find an
amicable solution based on truth? If both sides are sincere, adhere to the spirit of
brotherhood among the faithful, and base the talks on the Quran, as God commands,
there is no reason why we cannot solve this problem.
We have no intention of toppling the ulama (religious scholars or leaders) or wresting
away their positions. We only want the Muslims, including the leaders and the
intellectuals, in our country to adhere truly to the Quran.
Some claim that this problem need not be re-opened as it was solved long ago. These
people are like ostriches, burying their heads in the sand and saying there is nothing to
worry about since they can see nothing! Islamic communities all over the world as well
as in our country are bogged down with problems they cannot overcome. Why?
Because we live in darkness. How could we see in the dark? We need to get out of the
darkness by using a bright torch. That torch is the Quran.
As I stated in the beginning of this letter, the time has come for Muslims and mankind in
general to return to God’s teachings. Our society, both national and international, is hit
by crisis after crisis; the only way we can overcome these is by returning to the
teachings of the Omniscient God, i.e., the Quran. Such is the importance of the Quran to
us and to the world

40 Guiding Principals of Islam

Kassim Ahmad

The following list compiled by brothar Kassim is neither exhaustive nor are they
necessarily arranged in order of importance. However, the list might be useful to
provide a quick information about the nature of islam, that is, surrendering God in
peace and for peace. 19.org

We have summarized the teachings of the Holy Quran into 40 principles, arranging them, to the
best of our knowledge, in an order of priority given in the Quran. We hope that Muslims can
easily order their lives in that pattern and attain success. The numbers in parenthesis refer to some
of the Quranic verses stating each principle.
Believe in God and live righteously. (2:62, 112)
Worship God alone and do not associate Him with anyone or anything else. (17:22-23)
Do not fear mankind, but fear God. (5:44; 33:37, 39)
Respect and honor your parents. (17:23-24)
Enjoin good and forbid evil. (3:104)
Fight in the cause of justice and truth with your wealth and your lives. (4:75; 9:111)
Act justly, do not commit evil and rule according to God‟s laws, i.e. justice, truth and mercy.
(4:58, 135; 5:8; 7:28-29; 5:44)
Perform prayers and other rites of worship, without quarrelling over methodology, and pay
the poor-rate.
(98:5; 22:67)
Obey just leaders, respect, honor and support them, but do not idolize them. (4:59; 33:56;
9:30-31)
Be an active, dynamic, creative and courageous person. (2:30-34; 4:75-77; 15:28-30)
Do not be egoistic and proud. (25:43; 17:37)
Treat everyone with civility and give greetings to all. (2:83; 28:55; 43:89; 4:86)
Hold firmly to principles, but be flexible in methods. (2:67-71, 142; 3:103; 5:54; 22:67)
Put moral considerations uppermost, but do not disregard your due material interests. (28:77)
Save lives and do not kill except in the cause of justice. (17:33)
Do not kill for fear of poverty. (17:31)
Do not practice usury, but practice charity. (2:275-80)
Be honest and fair in financial and economic dealings. (6:152)
Practice consultations to solve problems. (42:36)
Do not accept unverified information. (17:36)
Listen to all views and follow the best. (39:18)
Read in order to know, but read critically. (96:1-5)
Unite and do not divide. (3:103; 6:159; 61:4)
Fulfill promises. (17:34)
Do not practice bribery and corruption. (2:188)
Do not devour the properties of orphans. (17:34)
Do not be extravagant and wasteful, or stingy. (17:26-29)
Give charities to relatives, the poor and destitute and towards public welfare. (9:60; 17:26)
Do not aggress, but defend yourself against aggression. (7:33; 42:39)
Believers are brothers and make peace between believers. Avoid suspicion, spying and
backbiting among believers. (49:9-10,12)
Persevere in any good effort and do not fear to face difficulties and hardships.
Success comes only after hardships. (2:45, 177; 94:5-8)
Use intelligence, reason and historical precedents to understand and carry out God‟s
commands.
(7:179; 8:22; 10:100; 12:111; 3:137)
Speak the truth. Do not lie, although stratagem is allowed against adversaries.
(8:7-8; 25:72; 33:70; 12:70-81)
 Enter into marriage with believers, do not marry disbelievers, and do not commit adultery.
(5:5; 30:21; 17:32)
Cooperate and help each other in good works; do not cooperate in evil works. (5:2)
Eat and drink moderately, and avoid intoxicants and gambling. (7:31; 2:219)
Dress decently. (24:30-31)
Be kind and forgiving. (42:40,43)
Do not ridicule or mock one another. (49:11)
Do not ask about small and inconsequential details. (2:67-71; 5:101-102; 22:67)

Jesus, peace be upon him, was a Muslim

Brandon Yusuf Toropov
It's what millions of people believe.
It's what the best New Testament scholarship now suggests.
In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful
We hear a great deal today about a "war," "conflict," or "clash" between Islam and Christianity.
The topic is so prominent in the media that many people assume that there is something
irreconcilable between these two approaches to God. It is not surprising, then, that so many
Christians of good will have concluded that Islam and Christianity are fundamentally
incompatible. Yet, if, by "Christianity," we mean "that which Jesus Christ (pbuh) meant to
convey to his hearers," I believe that these people of good will are mistaken when they tell us that
Islam is incompatible with Christianity.
What's more, I believe we can now prove that the historically oldest Gospel verses reflecting the
reported sayings of Jesus (pbuh) are entirely compatible with Islam.

A WAVE OF CONVERSIONS
If you are a Christian, the idea that Jesus (pbuh) practiced the same faith that today's news
broadcasts hold responsible for so many of the world's problems may seem far-fetched to you. It
seemed far-fetched to me when I first encountered it, before I consulted the Gospels closely. Yet
you should know that many, many contemporary Christians have reached life-changing personal
conclusions about the Gospel message and its relation to Islam.
"There is compelling anecdotal evidence of a surge in conversions to Islam since September 11,
not just in Britain, but across EuropeAmerica. One Dutch Islamic centre claims a tenfold
increase, while the New Muslims Project, based in Leicester and run by a former Irish Roman
Catholic housewife, reports a steady stream of new converts." (London Times, January 7, 2002.)
and

MAINSTREAM MEDIA IGNORES US

The Western news media only rarely shares the stories of these individual converts to Islam with
the world at large, but I strongly suspect that most of these people -- if they are like me -- found
themselves, at the end of the day, concerned about the consequences of calling Jesus (pbuh)
"Lord" without obeying his instructions ... found themselves far more concerned about that, in
fact, than about any media coverage of geopolitical issues.
This kind of concern causes people to change their lives.

THE CHALLENGE OF Q
Speaking personally, I changed my own life because I could not ignore the implications of the
authentic, stand-alone Gospel passages that today's most accomplished (non-Muslim!) scholars
believe to be of the earliest date available.
These sayings, which form a reconstructed text known as Q, can all be found in the New
Testament. They are almost certainly the closest we will ever be able to come to an authentic oral
tradition reflecting the actual sayings of Jesus (pbuh).

Q CONFIRMS ISLAM
If you are new to Q, you should know what the best New Testament scholars now know, namely
that today's scholarship identifies certain Gospel passages as not only instructive, but historically
more relevant than other passages. This scholarship has led to some fascinating discussions
among scholars (and a comparatively few lay readers).
I believe the Q verses tend to confirm Islam's depiction of Jesus (pbuh) as a human Prophet with
a Divine mandate essentially indistinguishable from that of Muhammad (pbuh).

A HUMAN PROPHET
I did not develop the theory of Q. It has been around for years. "Traditionalist" Christian clergy
and theologians are generally hostile to it. They claim that students of Q are somehow eager to
diminish the status of Jesus (pbuh). Actually, we are eager to learn what he is most likely to have
actually said.
Q represents a major challenge for contemporary Christianity, not least because it strongly
suggests that Islam's picture of Jesus (pbuh) is historically correct. The fact that Q essentially
confirms Islam's image of Jesus (pbuh) as a distinctly human Prophet has not, I think, been
widely noticed by today's Christians. And it must be. Because a careful review of the scriptures
demonstrates that Jesus (pbuh) is in fact calling his people to Islam.

JESUS (PBUH) BROUGHT ME TO ISLAM!

I came to Islam, alhamdulillah, after three decades of restless dissatisfaction with conventionial
Christianity. Although I've read a lot of conversion stories since I embraced Islam in March of
2003, I haven't found many that cited the Gospels as a point of entry to the Holy Qur'an. This is
how it was for me.
I was drawn to the Gospels at a young age -- eleven -- and I read them compulsively on my own,
despite the fact that I did not live in a Christian household. I soon learned to keep religious
matters to myself.

EARLY QUESTIONS
For most of my adolescence I studied the Christian scriptures on my own. I still have the red
King James Bible I bought as a child; my own handwritten note on the front page proclaims June
26, 1974, as the date I accepted Jesus (pbuh) as my personal savior.
When I say I read the scriptures compulsively, I mean that I was drawn to the Gospels of
Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John like a magnet. There are plenty of notes and highlightings in that
old Bible of mine in Psalms, in Ecclesiastes, in Proverbs -- but most of the notes and underlinings
are in the Gospels. But I sensed, even at an early age, that there were some internal problems with
the texts I loved so dearly.

WHO TAMPERED WITH THE GOSPELS?

I can clearly remember reading the account in the 22nd chapter of Luke where Jesus (pbuh)
withdrew from the disciples, prayed, and returned to find them fast asleep. Who, I wondered,
could have possibly observed him praying ... and then related the incident so that it eventually
could be included in the Gospel of Luke? There's another passage in the Gospels where Jesus
(pbuh) supposedly includes the words "let him who reads understand" in one of his spoken
discourses, which seemed odd to me. And there was yet another spot where the New Testament
author assured first-century Christians that their generation would see the second coming of the
Messiah -- a passage I found difficult to square with modern Christian doctrine. These and other
queries about the New Testament arose while I was still quite young, certainly before I was
fifteen. Had someone manipulated the Gospels? If so, who? And why?
I "filed" my questions for later, and decided that the real problem was that I was not part of a
vigorous Christian faith community.

CATHOLIC
At eighteen, I headed East for college and entered the Roman Catholic Church. In college, I met a
beautiful and compassionate Catholic girl who was to become the great love and support of my
life; she was not particularly religious, but she appreciated how important these matters were to
me, and so she supported me in my beliefs. I do a great injustice to her seemingly limitless
resources of strength, support, and love by compressing the beginning of our relationship into a
few sentences here.

AN ENCOUNTER WITH A PRIEST

I asked the campus priest -- a sweet and pious man -- about some of the Gospel material that had
given me trouble, but he became uncomfortable and changed the subject. On another occasion, I
remember telling him that I was focusing closely on the Gospel of John because that Gospel was
(as I thought then) a first-person account of the events in question.
Again, he stammered and changed the subject and did not want to discuss the merits of one
Gospel over another; he simply insisted that all four were important and that I should study all of
them. This was a telling conversation, and a fateful one, as it turned out.

CHRISTIANITY? OR PAULISM?
Now, this is not my life story, but rather my reversion account, so I'm going to fast-forward over
a lot of important events. That sweet campus priest eventually married my girlfriend and me, and
we settled in suburban Massachusetts. We each moved ahead professionally and became
grownups. We had three beautiful children. And I kept reading and rereading the Bible. I was
drawn, as ever, to the sayings about the lamp and the eye, the Prodigal Son, the Beatitudes, the
importance of prayer, and so many others -- but I had steadily more serious intellectual problems
with the surrounding "architecture" of the New Testament, particularly with the Apostle Paul.
The fact that Paul never seemed to build a theological argument around anything that Jesus
(pbuh) actually said was a big, big problem for me.
In the mid-1990s, my wife and I both became deeply disenchanted with the Catholic Church, in
part because of a truly terrible priest who gave very little attention to the spiritual needs of his
community. We later learned that he had been covering up for a child abuser!

PROTESTANT
I found it necessary to immerse myself in a faith community. I joined, and became active in, the
local Protestant denomination, a Congregational Church.
So I led Sunday School classes for children, and briefly taught a Gospel class on the Parables for
the adults. In the Sunday School classes for the kids I stayed right with the curriculum I had been
given; but in the adult class, I tried to challenge the participants to confront certain parables
directly, without filtering everything through the Apostle Paul. We had interesting discussions,
but I sensed some resistance, and I didn't try to teach an adult class again. My wife eventually
joined my church. (She is a member there today.)
By this point, I had become deeply affected by the apparent intersection of the Christian mystic
tradition and that of the Sufis and the Zen Buddhists. And I had even written on such matters. But
there seemed to be no one at my church who shared my zeal for these issues.

FOCUSING ON THE GOSPEL SAYINGS

In particular, I was interested in the research being done that indicated that the oldest strata of the
Gospels reflected an extremely early oral source known as Q, and that each of the individual
sayings of Jesus (pbuh) needed to be evaluated on its own merits, and not as part of the narrative
material that surrounded it.
This is because that narrrative material was added many years later.

AN EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT?
In fact, the more I researched this subject, the more I found myself thinking of that conversation
about the Gospel of John with my priest.I realized that what he had been unwilling or unable to
tell me was that the author(s) of the Gospel of John had been lying. This was manifestly not an
eyewitness account, though it claimed to be.
I was in a strange situation. I was certainly enjoying the fellowship of the Christians at my
church, who were all committed and prayerful people. Being part of a religious community was
important to me. Yet I had deep intellectual misgivings about the supposed historicity of the
Gospel narratives. What's more, I was, increasingly, getting a different message from the Gospel
sayings of Jesus (pbuh) than that which my fellow Christians were apparently getting.

WRESTING WITH THE DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY

The more I looked at these sayings, the more impossible it became for me to reconcile the notion
of the Trinity with that which seemed most authentic to me in the Gospels. I found myself
face-to-face with some very difficult questions.
* Where in the Gospels did Jesus use the word "Trinity"?
* If Jesus (pbuh) was God, as the doctrine of the Trinity claims, why did he worship God?
* AND -- if Jesus (pbuh) was God, why in the world would he say something like the following?
"Why callest thou me good? There is none good but one, that is, God." (Mark 10:18)
Did he somehow forget that he himself was God when he said this?
(A side note -- I had a discussion with a woman who assured me that this passage was not really
in the Gospels, and who refused to believe that it appeared there until I gave her the chapter and
verse number and she looked it up for herself!)

THE HOLY QUR'AN

In November of 2002, I began to read a translation of the Qur'an.
I had never read an English translation of the entire text of the Qur'an before. I had only read
summaries of the Qur'an written by non-Muslims.(And very misleading summaries at that.)
Words do not adequately describe the extraordinary effect that this book had on me. Suffice to
say that the very same magnetism that had drawn me to the Gospels at the age of eleven was
present in a new and deeply imperative form. This book was telling me, just as I could tell Jesus
(pbuh) had been telling me, about matters of ultimate concern.

AUTHORITATIVE GUIDANCE
The Qur'an was offering authoritative guidance and compelling responses to the questions I had
been asking for years about the Gospels.
"It is not (possible) for any human being to whom God has given the Book and Wisdom and
Prophethood to say to the people: 'Be my worshippers rather than God's.' On the contrary, (he
would say): 'Be devoted worshippers of your Lord, because you are teaching the Book, and you
are studying it.' Nor would he order you to take angels and Prophets for lords. Would he order
you to disbelieve after you have submitted to God's will?" (Qur'an 3:79-80)
The Qur'an drew me to its message because it so powerfully confirmed the sayings of Jesus
(pbuh) that I felt in my heart had to be authentic. Something had been changed in the Gospels,
and that something, I knew in my heart, had been left intact in the text of the Qur'an.

STARTLING PARALLELS
Below, you will find just a few examples of the parallels that made my heart pliant to the worship
of Allah (swt). Each Gospel verse comes from the reconstructed text known as Q -- a text that
today's scholars believe represents the earliest surviving strata of the teachings of the Messiah.
Note how close this material is to the Qur'anic message.

Q AGREES WITH QUR'AN ON TAWHEED (MONOTHEISM)

In Q, Jesus (pbuh) endorses, in no uncertain terms, a rigorous monotheism.
"Get thee behind me, Satan: for it is written, 'Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only
shalt thou serve.' (Luke 4:8)

Compare:
"Children of Adam, did We not command you not to worship Satan? He was your sworn enemy.
Did We not command you to worship Me, and tell you that this is the straight path?" (Holy
Qur'an 36:60-61)

Q AGREES WITH QUR'AN ON AQABA (THE UPHILL PATH)

Q identifies a Right Path that is often difficult, a path that unbelievers will choose not to follow.
"Enter ye in through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate, and broad is the way that leadeth to
destruction, and many there are who go in there. Narrow is the gate, and narrow is the way,
which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it." (Matthew 7:13-14)

Compare:
"The worldly life is made to seem attractive to the disbelievers who scoff at the faithful, but the
pious, in the life hereafter, will have a position far above them." (Holy Qur'an 2:212)
"Would that you knew what the uphill path is! It is the setting free of a slave or, in a day of
famine, the feeding of an orphaned relative and a downtrodden destitute person, (so that he would
join) the believers who cooperate with others in patience and kindness." (Holy Qur'an 90:12-17)

Q AGREES WITH QUR'AN ON TAQWA (FEAR OF GOD)

Q warns us to fear only the judgment of God.
"And I say unto you, my friends, Be not afraid of them that kill the body, and after that have no
more that they can do. But I will forewarn you whom ye shall fear. Fear Him, which after He
hath killed, hath the power to cast into Hell. Yea, I say unto you, fear Him!" (Luke 12:4-5)

Compare:
"To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and the earth. God's retribution is severe. Should you
then have fear of anyone other than God?" (Holy Qur'an 16:52)

Q AGREES WITH QUR'AN ON THE TRAPS OF DUNYA (EARTHLY LIFE)

In Q, Jesus (pbuh) warns humanity plainly that earthly advantages and pleasures should not be
the goal of our lives:
"Woe unto you that are rich! For you have received your consolation. Woe unto you who are full!
You shall be hungry. Woe unto you who laugh now! You shall weep and mourn." (Luke 6:24)

Compare:
"The desire to have increase of worldly gains has preoccupied you so much (that you have
neglected the obligation of remembering God) -- until you come to your graves! You shall know.
You shall certainly know (about the consequences of your deeds.) You will certainly have the
knowledge of your deeds beyond all doubt. You will be shown hell, and you will see it with your
own eyes. Then, on that day, you shall be questioned about the bounties (of God). (102:1-8)

Q WARNS MANKIND NOT TO ASSUME ENTRY TO HEAVEN IS ASSURED!

Consider also the following chilling words from the Messiah, which should (!) make every heart
humble, choke off all forms of arrogance in spiritual matters, and quiet every attack upon a
fellow monotheist:
"And I say unto you, that many shall come from the east and west, and shall sit down with
Abraham and Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven. But those who believe they own the
kingdom of heaven shall be cast out into the outer darkness. There shall be weeping and gnashing
of teeth." (Matthew 8:11-12)
Obviously, this is an important teaching for all people of good will to bear in mind ... and to etch
upon the memory.

Q SAYS NOTHING OF CRUCIFIXION OR SACRIFICE!

You have seen how the historically earliest verses -- the Q verses -- parallel the major teachings
of the Qur'an. Also worthy of mention is the fact that Q teaches nothing whatsoever of the
Crucifixion, of the sacrificial nature of the mission of Jesus (pbuh) ... an intriguing omission
indeed!
We are left then with an amazing early Gospel -- a Gospel that (non-Muslim) scholars believe is
historically closest to Jesus (pbuh) -- a Gospel that has the following characteristics:
· Agreement with the Qur'an's uncompromising message of God's Oneness.
· Agreement with the Qur'an's message of an afterlife of salvation or hellfire ... based on our
earthly deeds.
· Agreement with the Qur'an's warning not to be misled by dunya -- the attractions and pleasures
of worldly life.
AND ...
  A complete ABSENCE of any reference to Christ's death on the cross, resurrection, or
sacrifice for humanity!
This is the Gospel that today's most advanced non-Muslim scholars have identified for us ... and
this Gospel is pointing us, if only we will listen to it, in precisely the same direction as the
Qur'an!
MY DEAR CHRISTIAN BROTHERS AND SISTERS -- I BEG YOU TO ASK YOURSELVES
PRAYERFULLY, TO SEEK ALMIGHTY GOD'S GUIDANCE ON THIS QUESTION: CAN
THIS POSSIBLY BE A COINCIDENCE?

SHARE THE WORD!

I became a Muslim on March 20, 2003. It became obvious to me that I had to share this message
with as many thoughtful Christians as I could. I wrote a book of Dawah to share with
open-minded students of the Gospels. There are many, many more parallels between the oldest
words of Jesus (pbuh) and the Holy Qur'an; I discuss them at length in my book BEYOND
MERE CHRISTIANITY.
Please share this book's message with the Christians in your life!
============================
Read Brandon Yusuf Toropov's BEYOND MERE CHRISTIANITY at:
<http://www.islambasics.com/view.php?authID=111>
Order copies of the book from Darussalam: info@ darussalam.com <http://>
Email me at: yusuf.toropov@gmail.com
<http://us.f337.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=yusuf.toropov@gmail.com>
Visit www.JesustheMuslim.com <http://www.jesusthemuslim.com/>

The Koran, Interest & The Economy

Muhammad A. Asadi
I) Modern Banking History:

The real breakthrough for modern banking was in 1453 after the fall of Constantinople. The rich
Jews fled being suspicious of the new conquerors, first to Italy and then to London carrying with
them their vast wealth. According to one perspective, the word "Bank" originated from the Italian
word for "Bench", as these Jews carried on their business of money lending and money changing
on benches. They were called Lombards as they carried on their business in Lombardy. The
Lombard Street in present day London, England is named after them. The most famous of these
Italian bankers were the Medici Family (Meyer, Duesenberry, Aliber 36)

An alternative perspective as to the origin of banking is a German one. In 1401 formal banking
started in Germany as partnership institutions. According to this theory, the word "Bank"
originated from the German word "Bach" which means a partnership firm with a number of
partners.

Modern, present day banking operates mainly by giving interest to people from whom it has
borrowed money, and after keeping a small percentage of it [people's wealth or money] as
reserves and vault cash, lending or investing the same money [people's wealth] at a higher rate of
interest or return and keeping the difference as profit [The major source of revenue for banks].
This is in addition to the profit made by banks on the various bank services provided.

The Koran, over 1400 years back condemned today's modern banking concepts before they were
put into wide scale practice: "And what you give in interest [riba in Arabic] that it may increase
on (other) people's wealth, increases not with Allah (God)...(Koran 30:39)."

The Koran states explicitly that trade is not the same as interest:

Those who consume interest shall not rise, except as he rises whom Satan by his touch prostrates
[i.e one who is misled]; that is because they say:"Trade is like interest"; whereas, Allah [God] has
permitted trading but forbidden [Haraam in Arabic] interest. Whosoever receives a warning from
his/her Lord, he shall have his past gains and his affair is committed to Allah (God); but
whosoever reverts (to devouring interest) those, they are the inhabitants of the fire, therein
dwelling forever. (Koran 2:275)

According to the above Koranic verse, trade is not the same as interest. Interest that banks give to
us on our money lent is not trade. Trade involves the profit/loss made by the exchange of goods
and services mostly involving some medium of exchange (eg. money) while Interest is the cost of
borrowing money (the medium of exchange) and does not involve goods and services primarily.

Buying shares in companies is trading [for example] as you become a co-owner of the company
to the extent of the face value of your share and as such share in its trading profits. If a person is a
Muslim, he/she should have no part of their interest profit. Likewise, debentures issued by
companies, pay interest and as such are forbidden to Muslims.

A bank is not just another business like a furniture store or a lumberyard. The decisions made by
bankers quite literally permeate the entire economy, affecting the decisions made by other
business people, housewives, and government officials. In fact, reduced to its simplest terms, the
whole idea behind central banking and monetary policy is that if we can somehow influence the
decisions made by bankers, then these decisions, in turn, will influence the decisions made by
everyone else and in this indirect fashion we can control the overall functioning of the
economy.(Luckett 142)

The Koran talks about inflation [over 1400 years back!] and adjusting the money you lent for
inflation [but not charging interest]: "...but if you repent (from devouring interest), you will have
your principal, un wronging and un wronged (Koran 2:279)."

If I do not adjust my principal for inflation while receiving the money that I lent someone earlier,
I will be "wronged" as that amount, which I receive now [unadjusted] will buy fewer goods than
it would have when I lent it. The Koran says that you will have your principal, "un wronging (i.e
you wont charge interest) and un wronged (i.e you will adjust for inflation)." Such a conclusion is
implicitly suggested by the above verse.

The functions of modern day commercial banks, primarily built upon borrowing and lending for
interest, has wide scale effects on the economy [as is suggested by Luckett's quote above].

II) Interest & Investment

Interest plays a big role in reducing capital investment and hence development:

Investment is spending on addition to capital stock [machinery, structures, inventories etc]. Such
investment is undertaken with the aim of making profits in the future by operating machines and
factories. Suppose firms borrow to buy capital that they use. Then the higher the rate of interest,
the more firms have to pay out in interest each year from their investment. Thus the higher the
rate of interest, the less they will want to invest. Conversely, a low rate of interest makes
investment spending more profitable, therefore reflected in a higher level of planned investment.
(Dornbusch, Fischer 115)

If a person borrows to invest, then the higher the rate of interest, the less profitable his investment
would be, so he would invest less. Investment would be the most profitable [and hence the
highest] if there was no interest in the economy and lent money was only adjusted for inflation at
payback time.

Even if a person does not borrow but finances the purchase of capital with the money that he/she
possesses, even then a higher rate of interest would reduce investment and if interest did not exist
in the economy, investment would be the most profitable and the highest [because of opportunity
cost, the cost of the next best alternative that is foregone]: "A decision to increase the amount of
capital available usually entails a present sacrifice and a future gain (Lipsey 392)."

When there is no interest in the economy, theoretically speaking, it would always pay to purchase
a further unit of capital and investment and development would occur till the marginal efficiency
of capital got equal to zero: "It always pays to purchase a further unit of capital whenever its
marginal efficiency- the monetary return on $1 more spent on purchasing capital- exceeds the
rate of interest (Lipsey 399)." Imagine a society like that!
III) Interest & Savings

Raising the rate of interest does not increase savings:

But should we really expect an increase in the interest rate to increase savings? It is true that
when the interest rate rises, saving is made more attractive. But it is also made less necessary.
Consider someone who has decided to save an amount that will ensure that $10,000 per year is
available for retirement. Suppose that the interest rate now is 5% and the person is saving $1,000
per year. Now let the interest rate rise to 10%. With such a high interest rate, the individual needs
to save less now to provide the given 10,000 per year during retirement. It may be possible to
provide the same retirement income by saving only about $650 a year. Thus an increase in the
interest rate might reduce saving. (Dornbusch, Fischer 278)

The Koran condemns interest [simple & compound]:

"O you who believe! Devour not interest, doubled and redoubled, and be careful of Allah (God);
haply so you will prosper." (Koran 3:130)

Devouring interest, according to common sense would be charging interest on the money you
lend out whether it be lent out to a bank or another person. The Koran (30:39-quoted earlier) also
condemns giving in interest so that further interest can be consumed ("so that it increases on
people's wealth").

The Koran condemns consuming interest in strong words:

"O you who believe be careful of Allah (God) and give up the interest that is outstanding. And if
you do not then be warned of war from Allah (God) and His messenger.." (Koran 2:278-279)

Note: The above verse refers to believers: "O you who believe.."

According to Koran 2:275 that was quoted earlier, a person when he receives God's warning i.e
words of the Koran, can keep the past gains but give up, according to this verse the present and
the future claims to interest.

The Koran does allow for a stewardship concept of banking in which you get all of the banks
services excluding consuming interest. The banks can make a profit by charging you a fee. If you
borrow from a bank or anyone else and if the bank or the person from whom money is borrowed,
charges interest from you, it is not your fault- the Koran only condemns charging or consuming
interest], or giving interest so that that interest is further increased (on people's wealth).
IV) Charity, The Koran & Economics

The Arabic word "Zakah",translated into English means 'purity'. As used in the Koran (believed
by Muslims to be God's word) it signifies the "purity" a person achieves through giving in charity
in God's way. It's principle is discussed in Koran 9:103 & 92:18. It is enjoined on believers
according to Koran 9:60 (this verse also narrates the categories of people to whom charity is
applicable). The amount due according to the Koran (though Muslim tradition states a different
percentage) is 50% of savings beyond a persons legitimate needs ( see Koran 17:29 & 25:67).

Is Zakah (obligatory charity) good for the economy?

Zakah is due out of savings according to the Koran (whether the savings (those that are beyond a
persons legitimate needs) be small or large,it does not matter). Out of the amount saved 50% has
to be given (spent) in God's way, according to the Koran by those who claim to be Muslims.

" The alms are only for the poor and the needy, and those who collect them (for distribution), and
those whose hearts are to be reconciled (resettlement of families, refugees etc), to free captives
(slaves etc) and the debtors in need, and for the cause of Allah (God) and the needy travellers; a
duty imposed by God. God is Knower, Wise" (Koran 9:60).

What are savings?

" Saving is income that households receive but do not spend on buying goods and services. " (See
any introductory Economics text)

The Koran asks men (women) who are believers to spend on fulfilling their legitimate needs as
they wish, keeping within the boundaries set by God, in the Koran and says at the same time,
"..but waste not by excesses" (Koran 7:31)

Therefore, what is not spent out of a person's income on fulfilling his (her) legitimate needs
should 'Islamically' be saved. And out of what is saved (and what is beyond a person's legitimate
needs) 50 % should be given in charity in God's way.

The categories of people mentioned in Koran 9:60 to whom Zakah (charity) is due are all "needy"
in some way or the other. By giving your savings to such people, all or at least a major part of it
will be spent immediately on consumption. Note that savings are a "withdrawal" from the circular
flow of income while consumption is an "injection" into the circular flow of income in the
economy. This injection results in an increase in the Real National Income (i.e National Income
adjusted for changes in the price level). The economy is given a positive boost, under-
consumption is reduced, a more equitable distribution of income is achieved and an economy in
depression can well be on its way to recovery.

God's wisdom or the words of a man living in the Arabian desert 1400 years back ?
"Whatever spoils of war God has given to His messenger from the people of the cities belongs to
God, His messenger, your near kinsmen (who are needy), orphans, the needy and the travellers,
SO THAT IT DOES NOT MAKE A CIRCUIT AMONG THE RICH OF YOU." (Koran 59:7)

The paragraph that follows shows the wisdom of this 'ancient' book (the Koran), which skeptics
claim was written by a man who had absolutely no schooling and lived in the Arabian wilderness:

The onset and severity of the great depression (1929-1941) can also be attributed to under
consumption; production had outstripped consumption.

Under consumption also resulted from the unequal distribution of income. Between 1920 and
1929 per capita income rose about 9% but the income of the wealthiest 1% rose about 75%,
accounting for most of the increase. Much of this increase was put into luxuries , savings, stock
market investments, instead of being spent on consumer goods. (Chapter 23 page 426. A People
& a Nation: U.S History since 1865).

Also:

An unexpected deflation [going down of prices] causes a redistribution of income from debtors
[the one who has borrowed money] to creditors [those who have lent money]....This
redistribution reduces aggregate demand [AD], since creditors tend to spend only a relatively
small share of their added income, while debtors [just like the needy people I mentioned above]
have nothing to fall back on and are forced to reduce their consumption to meet their higher real
interest payments [this worsens a depression]. (Gordon, Macroeconomics, 6th ed, Prentice Hall,
page 169)

An opposite redistribution to the one above, would be caused by Zakat (charity), increasing AD
and diminishing the effects of a recession.

What does the Koran say ?

"That which you give in interest that it may increase on people's wealth increases not with God
but that which you give in charity ,seeking God's will (and not selfish interest), has increase
manifold" (Koran 30:39).

Injections into the circular flow of income in the economy,like the ones caused by charity to the
needy, which is immediately spent on consumption, do cause "manifold increase" in GNP via the
multiplier. The Charity, however, is not to be coerced out of the person concerned as according to
Islam (based on the Koran): "There is no compulsion in religion.." (Koran 2:256). & " You are in
no way a compeller over them.." (Koran 50:45)
V) The Koran & Pareto Optimality:

"O believers, consume not your goods between you in falsehood, instead let there be trading by
mutual consent.." Koran 4:29

A pareto optimal position is reached when the condition of a particular person cannot be made
better off without making the other person worse off. Therefore mutual benefit is optimized at a
pareto optimal position. The Koran knew about this much before economists.

If the exchange between two individuals is voluntary, the strong presumption is that both
individuals gain from the exchange. Indifference curve analysis can be used to determine that
only through voluntary exchange which the Koran recommends, can a pareto optimal position be
reached. The Edgeworth Box diagram analyses that [ see Microeconomics by Salvatore page
122-123].

VI) Conclusion

By lending and borrowing for interest like banks do, the result is decreased investment (due to
profits from investment being made less attractive i.e a higher opportunity cost of investing, or a
higher interest cost of investing by borrowing funds), they also cause inflation without a
corresponding increase in production and decrease in unemployment by speculative investment
rather than productive investment.

Further, interest does not necessarily make savings more attractive because an increase in the rate
of interest can make savings less necessary also (to reach a given goal, when interest rate rises
you now have to save less per period of time to reach that goal and so have to sacrifice less
present consumption for future consumption). Therefore the presence of interest doesn't increase
society's well being at all.

On the contrary, charity and its consequences will according to the above exposition, increase
investment by increasing demand through a more equitable distribution of income. The system of
trade encouraged by the Koran, that which involves "Mutual Consent" would lead to societal well
being, being maximized.

We can therefore safely conclude:

"Indeed! this Koran guides towards that which is the straightest..." (Koran 17:9)

Works Cited

The Koran. Translation

Asadi, Muhammed A. Koran: A Scientific Analysis. Lahore. IPU. 1992.

Dornbusch, Rudgier. Fischer, Stanley. Macroeconomics. 4th ed. McGraw Hill International
editions.

Katzman, Norton, Escott, Chaudoff, Peterson, Tuttle Jr, Brophy. U.S History Since 1865. A
People & A Nation. 3rd ed. Boston. Houohton Mifflin Co.

Gordon. Robert S. Macroeconomics. 6th edition. Prentice Hall.

Lipsey, Richard G. An Introduction to Positive Economics. 6th ed. George Weidenfield &
Nicholson Ltd.

Luckett, Dudley G. Money & Banking. Mc Graw Hill Book Co Inc. 1976.

Thomas, Meyer. Duesenberry, James S. Aliber, Robert Z. Money Banking & the Economy.
London, NY. W. W Norton & Co 1981.

Satan: The Master Hypnotist

Douglas Brown, Ph.D.
Why does man deny God's profound signs within himself and throughout creation? Why
did early peoples deny the miracles God sent to them? Why do most people prefer
innovations, conjecture, opinion, and tradition over the sure guidance of the Quran? Why
have Muslim religious leaders attempted to ignore and belittle the irrefutable miraculous
code dis-covered in the Quran? Why have Muslim religious leaders made such absurd
claims as "the Quran does not contain 114 chapters" and "the Basmalah does not
consist of 19 letters?"
The answer is: The majority of humanity has given itself over to Satan, the Master
Hypnotist. In keeping with His plan to crush all doubt in the hearts of sincere believers,
God has made this answer even more overwhelmingly clear. God granted Satan power
to hypnotize the de-scendants of Adam who choose Satan's point of view, namely, that
"God Alone is not enough." This power is given to Satan under one crucial condition:
Anyone shall snap out of the hypnotic trance upon deciding to worship God alone. Such
freedom of decision shall be preserved under all circumstances.
The Master Hypnotist's effectiveness lies in the fact that the majority of humans have
chosen to remain under his domination and control.
He (Satan) said, "My Lord, since You have willed that I go astray, I will surely
entice them on earth; I will send them all astray. Except those among Your
worshipers who are devoted absolutely to You alone." He (God) said, "This is a
law that is inviolable: you have no power over my servants; you only have power
over the strayers who follow you." [15:39-42]
Satan advises his "Muslim" allies not to accept the Quran alone. He tells the "Christians"
to accept Jesus as God or son of God. He tells them to limit the extent that they will
believe everything in the scripture. And Satan instructs the humans to resist the signs of
God.
As soon as the human chooses NOT to uphold the Word of God ALONE and worship
God ALONE, the Master Hypnotist robs and strips the human of his mind. Satan even
makes his followers believe that they are guided.
He (God) guides some people while others are committed to straying. They have
chosen the devils as their masters, instead of God, YET THEY BELIEVE THAT
THEY ARE GUIDED. [7:30]
How Satan hypnotizes humanity
Hypnosis is a trance-like condition characterized by an altered state of consciousness,
diminished will power, and an increased responsiveness to suggestion. People differ in
their suggestibility to hypnosis. A person cannot be hypnotized against his will; he must
obey the suggestions of a hypnotist. Hypnosis has been employed to help people with
physical and psychological diseases, as well as for harmful purposes. An effective
hypnotist is skilled in gaining the confidence of his clients. He knows that 'it takes two',
the client and himself, to produce the desired effects. Our concern here is with the
Master Hypnotist who misleads humanity en masse. The Master Hypnotist also gains
the trust of his subjects. But, unlike human hypnotists, he is invisible.
...He (Satan) and his tribe can see you, while YOU DO NOT SEE THEM. We appoint
the devils as companions of those who do not believe. [7:27]
Satan meets and even exceeds the qualifications of a hypnotist because he knows
when and how to make his suggestions, according to a person's mind, character,
desires and habits. He has considerable knowledge of human nature, and he has
thoroughly succeeded in rendering millions of humans unable to use their minds.
(Satan said,) "I will come to them from before them, and from behind them, and
from their right, and from their left, and You will find most of them
un-appreciative." [7:17]
People who are unappreciative of God are hypnotized by Satan without their knowledge.
Countless millions of people say, "I believe in God," when in fact their hearts do not
mean it. Their utterance is no more than lip service to go along with parents, friends, or
the society at large. Whenever they have opportunities to break away from deception
and doubt, they cling to fabricated falsehoods. This leaves them susceptible to Satan's
hypnosis. For the Master Hypnotist is given access to the person's true intentions and
innermost beliefs, not outward appearances and lip-service utterances. By going against
their God-given instinct to worship God alone and uphold His word alone, people enable
the Master Hypnotist to set them up for self-destruction behind an invisible barrier.
Recall that your Lord summoned all the descendants of Adam, and had them bear
witness for themselves: "Am I not your Lord?" They all said, "Yes. We bear
witness." Thus, you cannot say on the Day of Resurrection, "We were not aware
of this." [7:172]
Some followers of the scripture wish to lead you astray, but they only lead
themselves astray, without perceiving. [3:69]
They repel others from this (Quran), as they themselves stay away from it, and
thus, they only destroy themselves with-out perceiving. [6:26]
As for those who reject our revelations, we lead them on without them ever
realizing it. I will even encourage them; My scheming is formidable. [7:182-183]
Satan gradually instills his suggestions into the minds of his subjects; ideas counter to
the worship God alone. Satan hypnotizes his subjects into doing anything that reflects
disbelief, idol-worship, or hypocrisy.
They are like the devil: he says to the human being, "Disbelieve," then as soon as
he disbelieves, he says, "I disown you. I fear God, Lord of the universe." [59:16]
A trained hypnotist slowly infuses his directives into the subject's mind because this
"drop by drop" approach helps the subject understand the instructions. But, in Satan's
case, it is a matter of making a person feel at home with negative prompts. God protects
His sincere servants from the Master Hypnotist's obvious and subtle attempts to
hypnotize them.
I seek refuge in You from the whispers of the devils. And I seek refuge in You, my Lord,
lest they come near me." [23:97-98]
And the devil will say, after the judgment had been issued, "God has promised
you the truthful promise, and I promised you, but I broke my promise. I had no
power over you; I simply invited you, and you accepted my invitation. Therefore,
do not blame me, and blame only yourselves. My complaining cannot help you,
nor can your complaining help me. I have disbelieved in your idolizing me. The
transgressors have incurred a painful retribution." [14:22]
When you read the Quran, you shall seek refuge in God from Satan the rejected.
He has no power over those who believe and trust in their Lord. His power is
limited to those who choose him as their master, those who choose him as their
god. [16:98-100]
(O Satan,) "You have no power over My servants. You only have power over the
strayers who follow you." [15:42]
"You may entice them with your voice, and mobilize all your forces and all your
men against them, and share in their money and children, and promise them.
Anything the devil promises is no more than an illusion. As for My servants, you
have no power over them." Your Lord suffices as an advocate. [17:64-65]
 Characteristics of The Master Hypnotist’s Subjects
Hypnotized people, those who fail to devote their worship to God alone and uphold His
word alone, exhibit unusual behavior because they are completely out of touch with their
own minds. They have submitted their mind and their will to Satan by setting up the
words of men to rank with the word of God. They have set up their scholars and religious
leaders as gods beside God as stated in verse 9:109. They lose all contact with reality
except through Satan’s suggestions. It is a common phenomenon that we show
someone clear Quranic assertions that the Quran is "complete, perfect, fully detailed,
and shall be the sole source of religious guidance," only to discover that the person is
totally helpless; unable to see or accept such Quranic truths.
When they are told, "Follow these revelations of God," they say, "No, we follow
only what we found our parents doing." What if the devil is leading them to the
agony of Hell? (31:21)
It is obvious that such persons have submitted themselves to Satan, the Master
Hypnotist, and that he fully controls their minds, their eyes, and their hearing. Thus, they
cannot think, see, or hear anything on their own. The Quran explains this strange
phenomenon very clearly in verses 17:45 and 18:57:
When you read the Quran, we place between you and those who do not believe in
the Hereafter an invisible barrier. (17:45)
Who are more evil than those who reminded of their Lord’s proofs, then disregard
them, without realizing what they are doing. Consequently, we place shields on
their hearts to prevent them from understanding it (the Quran), and deafness in
their ears. Thus, no matter what you do to guide them, they can never ever be
guided. (18:57)
The "invisible barrier" and "shield" mentioned in these verses are the hypnosis inflicted
upon those who refuse to believe in the Quran and submit to its truths.
Stated below are eleven descriptions of persons under hypnosis (Hollander, B. "History
and results of hypnotism." In search of the soul. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., pp.
281-296). After each general description of a person’s behavior under hypnosis, specific
examples of disbelievers’ identical behavior will be given from the Quran.
1) The subject readily accepts the hypnotist’s suggestions as fact or reality. He neither
questions them nor the hypnotist.
If you obey the majority of people on earth, they will divert you from the path of
God. They follow only conjecture; they only guess. (6:116)
2) The subject has his own system of beliefs and ideas that fit the desires of the
hypnotist.
We have permitted the enemies of every prophet—human and jinn devils—to
inspire in each other fancy words, in order to deceive. Had your Lord willed, they
would not have done it. You shall disregard them and their fabrications. This is to
let the minds of those who do not believe in the Hereafter listen to such
fabrications, and accept them, and thus expose their real convictions. (6:112-113)
3) The subject can be made to forget his own identity, specific experiences, and whole
periods of life.
Do not be like those who forgot God, so He made them forget themselves. These
are the wicked. (59:19)
4) The subject can be made to believe he experienced something that he never really
experienced or that never actually occurred.
Do not be like those who say, "We hear," when they do not hear. The worst
creatures in the sight of God are the deaf and dumb, who do not understand.
(8:21-22)
5) The subject may make false interpretations based on false premises conjured up in
the hypnotic state. Outside efforts to correct his perceptions are useless as long as he is
under hypnotic suggestions.
We control their minds and their hearts. Thus, since their decision is to disbelieve,
we leave them in their transgressions, blundering. (6:110)
Some of them listen to you, but can you make the deaf hear, even though they
cannot understand? Some of them look at you, but can you guide the blind, even
though they do not see? (10:42-43)
6) A hypnotized person can be made to think a real experience is a delusion.
We thus control the minds of the guilty. Consequently, they cannot believe in him
(the messenger). This has been the system since the past generations. Even if we
opened for them a gate into the sky, through which they climb; they will say, "Our
eyes have been deceived. We have been bewitched." (15:12-15)
7) Through suggestion, the hypnotist can influence and make the subject’s senses
cease to function normally. For example, a person with excellent vision can be told he is
blind, and he will be unable to see.
This is like the "invisible barrier" placed between disbelievers’ minds and the most
obvious truths.
We have committed to Hell multitudes of jinns and humans. They have minds with
which they do not understand, eyes with which they do not see, and ears with
which they do not hear. They are like animals; no, they are far worse—they are
totally unaware. (7:179)
8) A hypnotized person can be active, responsive, and fully involved with an idea.
However, the hypnotist can command the person to be non receptive to the real
meaning of specific things.
The Master Hypnotist commands some of his subjects to pretend that they sincerely
accept God’s guidance in the Quran, while they really do the exact opposite.
Some of them listen to you, then as soon as they leave they ask those who were
enlightened, "What did he just say?" God thus seals their hearts and,
consequently, they follow only their opinions. (47:16)
9) A subject can be led to inflict pain on himself without feeling it; he can also become
insensitive to any pre-existing pain.
The Master Hypnotist dupes his victims into dismissing misfortune as "signs of piety"
instead of tests and/or reminders to worship God alone. In keeping with their free choice,
he also makes them blind to the severe spiritual injury they inflict upon themselves by
rejecting God’s assertions that the Quran is complete, perfect, and fully detailed. (6:19,
38 & 114)
If only they implored when our test afflicted them! Instead, their hearts were
hardened, and the devil adorned their works in their eyes. (6:43)
10) When questioned about their incentives for acting out post-hypnotic suggestions,
subjects believe they act on their own and make up plausible excuses for their behavior.
Some say they feel compelled to act a certain way.
They commit a gross sin, then say, "We found our parents doing this, and God
has commanded us to do it." Say, "God never advocates sin. Are you saying
about God what you do not know?" (7:28)
The idol worshipers say, "Had God willed, we would not worship any idols
besides Him, nor would our parents. Nor would we prohibit anything besides His
prohibitions." Those before them have done the same. Can the messengers do
anything but deliver the complete message? (16:35)
11) A hypnotist can make a subject deny his own past actions.
On the day when we summon them all, we will ask the idol worshipers, "Where are
the idols you set up?" Their disastrous response will be, "By God our Lord, we
never were idol worshipers." Note how they lied to themselves, and how the idols
they had invented have abandoned them. (6:22-24)
The Day will come when God resurrects them all. They will swear to Him then, just
as they swear to you now, thinking that they really are right! Indeed, they are the
real liars. The devil has possessed them, and has caused them to disregard God’s
message. These are the party of the devil. Absolutely, the party of the devil are the
losers. (58:18-19)
Hypnotized Subjects Dread Exposure by the Quran’s
Miraculous Code
When the staff of Moses swallowed the magicians’ tricks, they had sense enough to
recognize that it was a great sign from God; they immediately snapped out of hypnosis.
"Throw what you hold in your right hand, and it will swallow what they fabricated.
What they fabricated is no more than the scheming of a magician. The magician's
work will not succeed." The magicians fell prostrate, saying, "We believe in the
Lord of Aaron and Moses." (20:69-70)
The Quran’s miraculous mathematical code sweeps away all deceit and doubt about the
Quran as God’s complete final message to humanity. According to God Almighty
Himself, it is "one of the great miracles" meant to put all speculation, philosophizing, and
doubt to rest, and to restore Islam to its original purity.
This is one of the great miracles. A warning to the human race. For those among
you who wish to advance, or regress. (74:35-37)
Unfortunately, the Master Hypnotist has commanded his loyal subjects to regress; to run
from the Quran’s miraculous code and from its message. Ironically, the Quran has
predicted that they will run from the Quran’s miraculous mathematical code "just like the
zebras flee from the lion." (74:49-51)
...and to expose those who harbor doubt in their hearts, and the disbelievers; they
will say, "What did God mean by this allegory?" God thus sends astray whomever
He wills, and guides whomever He wills. None knows the soldiers of your Lord
except He. This is a reminder for the people. (74:31)
A.L.R. These (letters) are proofs of this scripture; a profound Quran. Certainly,
those who disbelieved will wish they were submitters. (15:1-2)
But they are afraid and unwilling to snap out of hypnosis. So, their master has instructed
them to wage their feeble and hopeless campaign to suppress God’s miracle that proves
and supports His message to the world.
They want to put out God’s light with their mouths, but God insists upon
perfecting His light, in spite of the disbelievers. (9:32)
Among the people, there are those who argue about God without knowledge, and
follow every rebellious devil. (22:3)
The mathematical code is alerting them to the fact that they have been duped by the
Master Hypnotist; that they are hypnotized. And, it is pointing out that they have
perpetuated false teachings. The only way to snap out of hypnotism is to disassociate
oneself from the idol worship. The idols include whatever has been designed to
"supplement" the Quran, the pristine teachings of Islam revealed to Prophet
Mohammed.
The messenger said, "My Lord, my people have deserted this Quran." (25:30)
The true followers of Islam have certain, unshakable belief in God and the Quran alone.
They are not hypnotized, for they have been freed by their only Lord—God—from the
spell of the Master Hypnotist.
The Quran provides the "great criterion" that tells us if we are under the spell of Satan:
When God ALONE is mentioned, the hearts of those who do not believe in the
Hereafter shrink with aversion. But when others are mentioned beside Him, they
become satisfied. (39:45)
Satan advises his "Muslim" allies not to accept the Quran alone. He tells them to limit
the extent that they will believe everything in the Quran. He instructs the humans to
resist signs of God.
As soon as the human chooses not to uphold the word of God alone and worship God
alone, the Master Hypnotist robs and strips the human of his mind. He even makes his
followers believe that they are guided.
Some He guided, while others are committed to straying. They have taken the
devils as their masters, instead of God, yet they believe that they are guided.
(7:30)

Marriage, Polygamy and the Hedonistic

Paradox
Rodeen Rahbar, M.D.
"With courage you will dare to take risks, have the strength to be compassionate and the wisdom
to be humble. Courage is the foundation of integrity."

--Keshavan Nair

It is no wonder that today people are afraid of marriage. Commitment to another person is scary
because it requires trust and not all people are trustworthy. To marry is first to take the risk of
commitment, second to have the strength to be compassionate and finally the wisdom and
humility to endure adversity. Many people accomplish the first step, some accomplish the
second, and fewer yet accomplish the third. Commit we do, promises we make, but when we
learn what it can mean to strive together for the felicity of mutual love, intimacy, and social
security, we are quick to renounce our vows. The story of the marriage commitment as the perfect
life turned to dreaded confinement (in Hollywood culture -- the abominable An American Beauty)
is one shared by many troubled men and women throughout history – as these stories play out we
witness shocking consequences to self, mates, children, and society. In deed, a marriage can
present a microcosm of the struggles all must face in the experience of the human condition.

Some may argue that the pursuit of marriage is not worth a struggle. We do not really know the
person we marry until we have already committed to them – when adversity strikes will our trust
prove to be misplaced? Is it worth striving when a spouse becomes a burden through abuse,
depression, manipulation, anger, or obsession? The answer may surprise you. In fact, Keshavan is
right – wisdom and humility bring the courage critical to integrity and marriage success. But to
be truly fearful -- one with courage enough to tackle any endeavor, one must foremost be bound
by a profound humility. The prime example is when a man or woman submits to the will of a
higher power: one who is bound by God‟s laws and armed with God‟s wisdom. God will provide,
in Keshavan‟s words, “the courage to take risks and the wisdom and humility to tackle the
consequences.” In the case of marriage, one can then take the first step – to dare to take the “risk”
of commitment.

Why is it that the God-fearing man or woman can commit without fear? Simply, it is because the
risk of submitting to any person or being is betrayal. When the hedonistic principle of self-love
becomes more important than the commitment to the needs and/or wishes of the other party, a
conflict of interest can result in betrayal. When we commit, we commit to a future that we can
not predict and risk succumbing, for example, to a character flaw that may rear its ugly head long
after vows are made and promises forgotten. If we are God-fearing, we know that He will support
us and hence we have the courage to dare risk. Our ultimate commitment, then, is to God and
when adversity strikes, the God-fearing will also have the strength to endure.

The commitment to God must be remembered at all times and marriage functions to remind us.
One may wonder why a loving God would want to punish his servants through marital strife.
Although it is true that God has designed marriage to provide a loving relationship between the
sexes, he has also designed it as the ultimate test of character – generally if one party in a
marriage relationship is tempted to act hedonistically she or he will release God‟s wrath. When
we forget God we pursue self-love and forget interdependence. A subtle hedonism may then
ensure bringing broken promises and false pretensions that may ultimately destroy the healthiest
relationship. A hedonistic act may be as small as not helping a spouse with daily chores or as
grave as sudden abandonment. In the end, all such acts erode at any relationship, no matter how
(superficially) healthy.

One act that can inflict irreparable damage to an otherwise healthy relationship is adultery. It is
the prime example of hedonistic irresponsible behavior. As the epitome of self-love, it is
partaking in the pursuit of transient pleasure and selling short our courage and integrity. God has
designed such action to bring chaos and misfortune. It is clear in the Qur‟an and in the Bible and
Torah that those who avoid this are wise and I am about to outline only a few reasons why.

Because the physician is in prime position to witness how extramarital or polygamous

relationships manifest as utter devastation to people‟s lives, he can see the beauty and truth
behind the scriptural commandments. Those who commit adultery almost certainly bring
devastation to their lives. Perhaps most important is that adultery serves a threat to social
stability. The most dramatic social effect of any polygamous mating is on children. Children
borne from haphazard and irresponsible mating may not have clearly identifiable parents. The
effect is more than just identifying biological dad -- modern age DNA testing can help rectify this
problem; however, children require economic, personal, and social commitment that can be
burdening to society when accountability in such situations is defaulted. What kind of message
does a child receive when mom has multiple boyfriends and dad has never been around? A DNA
test can identify a parent but it can not ensure the social and economic protection of children.

Even in the rare case where children borne of extramarital mating receive adequate care and
parents are properly identified, hedonistic polygamy still poses a serious threat to the health of
man, woman, and child. Multiple sex partners is the leading risk factor for sexually transmitted
disease which include but are not limited to dementia, arthritis, heart problems, hepatitis, liver
cancer, immune deficiency, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, genital
cancer, and death.

Despite profound health and social risks, polygamy is widespread practice in the United States.
The problem stems partially from a culture of materialism -- the belief that money can solve
and/or mitigate problems. Thousands of jobs exist and thrive on this very basic fact -- and the
health profession is no exception. There are pills for colds, aches, fevers, high cholesterol,
obesity, and infection. There is even a pill for erectile dysfunction. It is no wonder that one might
assume a pill, too, can wipe away the health consequence of irresponsible mating! The person
who is asked to “undo” the health and psychological damage inflicted from irresponsible
hedonistic behavior is the bearer of the white coat – the physician. Never mind the ill effects of
smoking, drinking, and careless sex – it‟s the thrill of the moment that counts; the doctor is there
for when one becomes ill and “death is bound to come some day.” Our culture, fascinated with
hedonistic lifestyles, mirrors this belief in its expectations of modern medicine – medicine (and
the money going into it) will solve the problem and hence irresponsible self-serving lifestyles can
flourish.

I must warn you that although physicians can and do help many people their services are not a
substitution for a healthy lifestyle. The root problem in health care lies in the patient‟s life
choices – something a person can only change himself. Some may assume that a sexually
transmitted disease can be treated with “just an antibiotic and it will go away.” In reality, this just
scratches the surface. Some sexually transmitted diseases can be slowed but rarely if never cured
by medical therapy – these include Hepatitis C, HIV, infectious arthritis and many others. The
problem is simply much larger than the infectious source. Eradicating a bacteria or virus by
administration of an appropriate drug will sometimes provide a complete medical cure. But it can
also overlook permanent damage caused by a sexually transmitted disease before the time of
diagnosis – in these cases, treatment, if there is any at all, can have devastating consequence. And
the treatment may have complications that may be worse than the original disease!

Let us examine a real medical scenario. Cervical cancer, the reader may be surprised to know, is
caused by a sexually transmitted disease. Many people find this surprising. The major risk factor
for cervical cancer is the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) which is quickly becoming one of the
largest sexually transmitted disease among heterosexuals in the west. HPV infection may result in
warts that may appear on the genitals. Sometimes these warts are visible; but if they lie on a
woman‟s cervix or in the foreskin of an uncircumcised male it becomes difficult to know she/he
is infected. But it is not the warts that are dangerous – though they are unpleasant to behold.
Rather, the danger is that some strains of HPV can initiate a deadly disease process that may
cause cervical cells to become dysplastic (grow in a disorderly and potentially unpredictable
manner). A test called a PAP smear can detect the early stages of cervical dysplasia [all sexually
active women with multiple partners need this test performed routinely] that can develop into
cancer (pre-cancerous stages). If caught early, treatment can be curative in the pre-cancerous
stages. Unfortunately, some types of pre-cancerous treatment might give rise to a variety of new
medical problems such as cervical incompetence. Other treatments in more advanced stages like
frank cervical cancer include radiation or surgery that can cause pain and compromises sexual
function. Still, even with treatment, there is no guarantee that the cancer is cured and the cervical
disease may recur!

Medical treatment, too, is costly and taxing to the body. A prime example is the medical
treatment of the Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. Caused by various bacteria including Chlamydia
Trachomatis and N. Gonnorrhea, the disease is transmitted from a man to a woman (the man
infected with these bacteria may not know he is infected) and multiply in the vagina. If the
bacteria ascend up into the uterus and the fallopian tubes they can cause infection with abdominal
(belly) pain, tube scarring, and ovarian abscess. Abscesses can be drained, antibiotics
administered, and a patient sent home feeling much better in the short term. But the infections
may have already caused permanent scarring of a woman‟s fallopian tubes (the tube that allows a
fertilized egg to pass into the uterus). If this tube is blocked by scars, a newly fertilized egg may
become stuck in the tube and implant in the tube wall instead of in the uterine wall. This situation
is called an ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the uterus usually in a blocked tube) and is a
medical emergency! A fetus growing in the small fallopian tube can rupture causing extreme pain
(peritonitis), infection, blood loss and possibly even death. Major surgery to remove the ovary
and tubes must then be undertaken. Thankfully, instead of an ectopic pregnancy, sometimes the
scarring can completely inhibit sperm passage preventing any pregnancy at all. Since fertilization
occurs high in the fallopian tube (the “ampulla”) – a woman may become functionally sterile.
One must ask herself: is PID worth losing the ability to naturally conceive a child – ever again? Is
it worth the risk of ectopic pregnancy and possibly death?

For those who like to quantify pain and suffering – it is clear -- the treatment for the permanent
sequelae of PID is both ineffective and costly. In the United States, over 1,000,000 cases of PID
occur each year and the direct and indirect costs of the consequences amount to greater than $4
billion annually in the 1990‟s. These costs involved over 267,000 inpatient hospital admissions
and 119,000 operations annually. But the costs do not stop there. Billions of dollars more are
spent on treating many of the other complications of sexually transmitted diseases. Gonorrhea,
for example, in addition to PID can also cause arthritis, phayngitis, peri-hepatitis, endocarditis
(affects heart valves and cause result in valve failure, heart failure, and blood infection), and
sepsis (infection, fever, and hemodynamic instability). Chlamydia, in addition to PID, can also
cause the Reiter‟s Syndrome (arthritis, urethritis, and uveities) making every day tasks like
walking or urinating painful, and causing vision problems. Medical treatment for the above and
for others like HIV (results in AIDS and death), syphilis (usually treatable but can be very
dangerous if not caught early), Hepatitis B (can cause hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma –
liver cancer), herpes simplex, and many others is not justifiably efficacious.

And it is important to remember that sexually transmitted diseases harm not just the self but also
the innocent by bequeathing devastation upon children. In fact, some sexually transmitted disease
can be harmless in an adult but very serious in a newborn. There are many examples but only one
will be provided here: herpes infection in the nonpregnant woman is usually self-limited –
tingling and burning on the genitals is followed by a vesicular rash that resolves in weeks without
treatment. The rash may reoccur spontaneously at unpredictable times but does not usually cause
long-term health problems. However, maternal herpes infection during childbirth can be very
dangerous to a baby passing through a birth canal with active vesicles. Thankfully, good medical
advice from an obstetrician can prevent this situation. But not every case can be caught and the
result can be neonatal herpes – a serious and potentially fatal threat to a newborn baby. One must
always consider if a hedonistic lifestyle, if possibly worth the risk to self, is it also worth the risk
to others – including an innocent child!?

Society itself has addressed the dangers of irresponsible polygamy by condoning its antithesis –
the setting of guidelines for behavior. All of the diseases previously discussed can be avoided
by one principle: a commitment to responsibility. It is here that the value of a committed
relationship is understood: defining when sexual activity is culturally acceptable and when it is
offensive avoids the pitfalls of an "open" sexual policy – mating based solely on hedonistic
principles. Formal declaration of commitment between mates, or marriage, is a ceremonial
contract that pledges freedom from the burden of disease, abuse, and chaos. There is an
assumption that such individuals have pledged commitment to the sequelae of their union – to
live with love, intimacy, and social responsibility. It is therefore not surprising that some form of
marriage ceremony is present in virtually all cultures worldwide.

Though marriage guidelines unanimously exist, this does not ensure they are neither effective nor
best. The cultural definition of "ideal and responsible" and even the definition of marriage vary.
In many parts of the world monogamous marriage is the rule but in others limited polygamy, or
multiple marriages, is also accepted. In many Middle Eastern countries limited polygamy in the
context of polygyny, in which one man may marry several women, is permitted. Alternatively, in
ancient Briton, primitive Arabia, the Canary Islands, India, Ceylon, Thibet, Malabar, and New
Zealand a practice known as polyandry, in which one woman marries several men, is uncommon
but accepted practice.

Limited polygamous marriage – both polyandry and polygyny – represents commitment.

Accountability to husbands and/or wives requires responsibility and maintains some social order.
Disease, if not eliminated, is at least controlled. Still, any form of polygamous relationships is
less than ideal. When children are the product of polyandry, for example, it may be difficult to
identify paternity. Polygyny, in contrast, does eliminate this difficulty; however, it is still plagued
by difficulties common to any polygamous practice: favoritism among mates, unequal treatment,
and abuse. In polyandry the female may prefer certain of her husbands or in polygyny the male
may prefer certain of his wives. These situations are a violation of the basic trust and respect
between mates and may eliminate the impetus for exclusivity. Infidelity with health and social
chaos then results.

Monogamous marriage, in contrast, is a better way to avoid the difficulties of partner favoritism.
Monogamy avoids contact with individuals that carry disease – it can reduce STD risk to virtually
zero. The use of protective measures, which reduces the incidence of sexually transmitted
disease, does not completely avoid them. Condom usage, for example, does significantly
decrease health risk but can fail where monogamy would not. One reason for failure is that few
condom users are consistently compliant. Though unmarried couples statistically nearly always
use condoms on their first sexual encounter, statistics show that usage drops after second, third,
and fourth encounters. Further, condoms are not infallible – a tear or defect will not protect one
from disease exposure. Additionally, condoms may interfere with sensation or be viewed as
nuisance.
And even with protective measures premarital and extramarital sex still ignores the very
important dimension of commitment. Without commitment, multiple sexual encounters leave
little guarantee that the principles of mutual respect are operating. One or both partners may be
unfaithful or dishonest. One affair with the wrong person can prove to have unpleasant and
surprising consequences to self, children, and mates. It is for these reasons that multiple partners,
early age of first sexual intercourse, and unmarried status are three significant risk factors for
sexually transmitted diseases and significant health problems. And they are also risk factors for
significant social problems including unwanted pregnancy, questionable paternity, spousal and
child abuse.

In summary, it should be clear why God intends human beings to contract into monogamous
marriage. The God-fearing men and women have the wisdom and humility and hence the courage
and strength to endure the commitment of marriage. By doing so, they will live a happier life and
also avoid many problems. They will strengthen the principle of basic trust and respect between
mates and encourage honesty, faith, and fidelity. Their children will be borne from a sacred union
and have clear and identifiable parents. Health risks to themselves, their mates, and children are
minimized. Monogamy suppresses the hedonistic principle that drives polygamy -- it is not
sexual activity itself that is paradoxical but the hedonistic lifestyles of women and men. To be
God fearing is to have the humility to maintain chastity, uphold honesty, and respect
righteousness thereby celebrating the felicity and order of altruistic sexual union. To shun these
on hedonistic grounds is to suffer the hedonistic paradox -- infidelity, dishonesty, disrespect, and
the chaos of a diseased, hypocritical union. Marriage, despite its inherent difficulties, is ordained
by God and is justly rewarded. Perhaps commitment is not so bad, after all.

Copyright © 2001 by Rodeen Rahbar, M.D. Permission to reprint granted for charitable and
educational purposes only

Symmetry and Equality in the Quran

Senobar Tafazoli
The meaning of "symmetry" in Webster's dictionary is "balanced proportion, beauty of form
arising from balanced proportions, the property of remaining invariant under certain changes."
The meaning of equality is: "like in quality, nature, or status." There is equality and symmetry all
through the Quran. There is symmetry between the flies and the humans, among messengers and
messengers, messengers and their followers, male and female. When God speaks of Heaven,
usually the next verse is balanced with discussion of Hell and vice versa. The same is true of day
and night, the sun and the moon and so on.
God puts the believers and the messengers on the same level: "The messenger has believed in
what was sent down to him from his Lord, and so did the believers. They believe in God, His
Angels, His scripture, and His messengers: They make no distinction among any of His
messengers" [2:285]. Note also that He has put the messengers on the same level as us.
Abraham is on the same level as the other believers: "Peace be upon Abraham . . . we thus reward
the righteous. . . . He is one of our believing servants" [37:109, 110, 111].
Moses and Aaron are also put on the same level as the other righteous believers: "Peace be upon
Moses and Aaron. . . . We thus reward the righteous. . . . Both of them were among our righteous
servants" [37:120, 121, 122].
God places Muhammad on the same level as the other prophets. He does not want us to make any
distinction among them: "We have inspired you, as we inspired Noah and the prophets after him.
And we inspired Abraham, Ismail, Isaac, Jacob, the Patriarchs, Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and
Solomon. And we gave David the Psalms" [4:163].
In the following verse Muhammad and his followers are placed on the same level: ". . . God will
not disappoint the prophet and those who believed with him. Their light will radiate in front of
them and to their right. They will say, 'our Lord, perfect our light for us and forgive us, you are
omnipotent' " [66:8]. Muhammad is put on the same level as other Messengers: "Muhammad was
no more than a messenger like the messengers before him. . . " [3:144]. God puts Muhammad and
his followers on the same level. God tells Muhammad to say: "Say, "This is my path: I invite to
God, on the basis of a clear proof, and so do those who follow me . . .' " [12:108]. We too must
not elevate the messengers above righteous believers.
Both Moses and Aaron are given manifest authority, and they are put onthe same level as their
followers, ". . . We will strengthen you with your brother, and we will provide you both with
manifest authority. Thus, they will not be able to touch either of you. With our miracles, the two
of you, together with those who follow you, will be the victors" [28:35]. Moses is in charge yet
both of them are prophets and both have been given manifest authority. Also, it is Aaron who can
speak well.
Jesus is put on the same level as the righteous: "He will speak to the people from the crib, as well
as an adult; he will be one of the righteous" [3:46].
There is symmetry even in criminal justice: "O you who believe,
equivalence is the law decreed for you when dealing with murder the free for the free, the slave
for the slave, the female for the female. If one is pardoned by the victim's kin, an appreciative
response is in order, and an equitable compensation shall be paid. This is an alleviation from your
Lord and mercy. Anyone who transgresses beyond this incurs a painful retribution. Equivalence
is a life saving law for you, O you who possess intelligence, that you may be righteous"
[2:178,179]. If someone cuts one's ear one cannot turn round and kill him. There must be
forgiveness or an equivalent esponse.

All through the Quran we are told to be equitable in every thing we do, even in retribution:
"During the Sacred Months aggression may be met by an equivalent response. If they attack you,
you may retaliate by inflicting an equitable retribution. You shall observe God and know that
God is with the righteous" [2:194].
In the following verse God has perfected His blessings on the family of Jacob, not Joseph alone.
That is the same way he had blessed Abraham and Isaac. They were all given the equivalent
blessings. "Your Lord has blessed you (Joseph), and has given you good news through your
dream. He has perfected His blessings upon you and upon the family of Jacob, as He did for your
ancestors Abraham and Isaac before that. Your Lord is Omniscient, Most Wise" [12:6].
God puts Mary and Jesus on the same level. He treats Mary and Jesus the same, calling them both
a portent for the whole world. "As for the one who maintained her virginity, we blew into her
from our Spirit and thus we made her and her son a portent for the whole world" [21:91].
The following verses put husband and wife on the same level: ". . . You commit no error by
mutually agreeing to any adjustments to the dowry. God is Omniscient, Most Wise" [4:24]. Note
that the dowry adjustment is made after mutual agreement.
Regarding divorcing a wife: God says not to take back anything you have given her and says:
"How could you take it back after you have been intimate with each other . . ." [4:21]. Note it
does not say you have been intimate with her -- the women is put on the same level as the man.
The following verse demonstrate equality between male and female: "Their Lord responded to
them: ' I never fail to reward any worker among you for any work you do, be you male or female
-- you are equal to one another. . ." [3:195].
There is also a parallel between the bad men and bad women and the good men and the good
women: "The bad woman for the bad men and the bad men for the bad women, the good women
for the good men, and the good men for the good women." [24:26].
The following verse shows the parallel between men and women: "The submitting men, the
submitting women, the believing men, the believing women, the obedient men, the obedient
women, the truthful men, the truthful women, the steadfast men, the steadfast women, the
reverent men, the reverent women, the charitable men, the charitable women, the fasting men, the
fasting women, the chaste men, the chaste women, and the men who commemorate God
frequently, and the commemorating women; God has prepared for them forgiveness and a great
recompense" [33:35].
God spreads human beings through joining male and female; they are equally responsible: "O
people observe your Lord; the One who created you from one being, and created from it its mate,
then spread from the two many men and women. . ." [4:1].
The following verse is about Joseph and the governor's wife. Joseph is not any better than the
governor's wife except that God sent him a proof. Otherwise, "She almost succumbed to him, and
he almost succumbed to her, if it were not that he saw a proof from his Lord. We thus diverted
evil and sin away from him, for he was one of our devoted servants" [12:24].

Speaking of property transactions, God tells us mutually acceptable transactions are permitted:
"O you who believe, do not consume each other's properties illicitly -- only mutually acceptable
transactions are permitted. . ." [4:21].
On the subject of idol worship ,God brings the idol to the level of a fly, telling us that both are
helpless. "O people, here is a parable that you must ponder carefully: the idols you set up beside
God can never create a fly, even if they banded together to do so . Furthermore, if the fly steals
anything from them, they cannot recover it; weak is the pursuer and the pursued" [22:73].
God tells us that the believers and those who are well founded in knowledge believe in the Quran
and what was revealed before the Quran, putting both groups on the same level: "As for those
among them who are well founded in knowledge and the believers, they believe in what
wasrevealed to you, and in what was revealed before you. . ." [4:162].
The Queen of Sheba places herself on the same level as Solomon: ". . . My lord, I have wronged
my soul. I now submit with Solomon to God Lord of the universe" [27:44]. Note that she does
not say she will follow Solomon.
God in His infinite grace makes symmetrical statements by bringing Himself to our level. The
following five verses demonstrate this:
". . . God supports those who support Him. God is Powerful Almighty" [22:40].
". . . If you support God He will support you, and strengthen your footholds" [47:7].
"O you who believe, if you revert from your religion, then God will substitute in your
place people whom He loves and who love Him. . ." [5:54].
"As for the early vanguards who immigrated (Muhajerin ) and the supporters who gave
them refuge (Ansar) and those who followed them in righteousness. God is pleased with
them, and they are pleased with Him" [9:100].
"Their reward (SENOBAR: FROM?)at their Lord is the garden of Eden with flowing
streams, wherein they abide forever. God is pleased with them, and they are pleased with
Him. . ." [98:8].

"As for you O content soul . . . Return to your lord, pleased and pleasing" [89:27, 28].
God in His infinite grace has made Submission a symmetrical state.
"You shall remember Me, that I may remember you, and be thankful to Me; do not be
unappreciative" [2:152].

The Six Stages Of The Creation in The Quran

Evolution of the Universe and Life on Earth
Arnold Yasin Mol©2006

29:20 Say, “Travel in the earth and find out how He originated creation. And how
afterward, Allah brings forth entirely new forms. Verily, Allah is the Designer of all
things.”
A small introduction.

10:3 But, your Lord (Who sent this Book) is Allah Who created the heavens and the earth
in SIX STAGES, and is established on the Throne of His Almightiness in Supreme Control.
He, the Director of all directions, Issuer of all decrees, runs the Universe according to His
Laws. No intercessor can stand in His Court but as a witness of Law (2:255, 16:111)). Such
is Allah, your Sustainer. You shall serve Him. Won‟t you use your intellect and reasoning?

11:7 He created the heavens and the earth in SIX STAGES and established Himself on the
throne of His Almightiness. He has Supreme Control over the origination of life which
began in water (21:30). Life is a test for yourselves to see which of you leads a balanced life
and is best in conduct. Yet, if you (O Prophet), say, “You will be raised again after death,”
the rejecters of the Truth will surely answer, “This is clearly nothing but a fabulous
delusion!” (45:24).

32:4 Allah it is Who has created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in
SIX STAGES, and is established on the Throne of His Almightiness of Supreme Control
(7:54). You have no patron and no intercessor beside Him. Will you not, then, bear this in
mind?

57:4 He it is Who has created the heavens and the earth in SIX STAGES, and is established
on the Throne of His Almightiness of Supreme Control. (7:54,10:3, 13:2, 20:5, 25:59, 32:4,
57:4). He knows all that enters the earth and all that comes forth from it, and all that
descends from the sky, and all that ascends therein. And He is with you wherever you may
be. And Allah is Seer of what you do.

The 6 Stages are from the moment of the creation of matter, and the organizing of the matter into
clusters and eventually into stars and planets and so on from the big-bang to now. The evolution
of the universe took 6 different stages, and the earth and other planets and stars were developed
in 2 stages. Life was developed in 4 stages. So together, it took 6 stages to result in evolved life.
These stages don't refer to time stages, but to different levels of evolution of the universe and its
life in it, each needing its own step with its own timespan. The biggest mistake people make is
looking at the stages as if they occur with each taking the exact same time. So let's see what the
Quran tells us more.

41:9. Say: "Do you refuse to believe in Him who created the earth in TWO SPANS of time,
and set up compeers to Him, the Lord of all the worlds?

41:9 Say, "What! Do you indeed deny Him Who has created the earth in TWO STAGES?
(Firstly when it shot away like a fiery ball from the Cosmic matter and secondly, when it
cooled off sufficiently to become habitable). And would you still ascribe rivals unto Him?
He it is, the Sustainer of the Worlds." (36:40, 79:30).

As you can see, the Quran explains here, that the earth is part of the heavens, the stars and all
other formations in the universe. So this refers to all formations in the universe of stars and
planet-bodies took 2 stages. Remember these stages don't refer to every stage taking the same
amount of time, but refer to different stages, parts of development. So let's see to which stages the
Quran refers too:

THE TWO STAGES OF CREATING THE PLANETS AND STARS.

STAGE 1 THE BIG-BANG

21:30 Are the unbelievers not aware (after this proclamation) that the heavens and the
earth used to be ONE SOLID MASS/RATAQ/ ‫رتقا‬that We exploded into
parting/FATAQ/‫ ?ففتقناهما‬And that out of water We made every living thing? Will they not,
then, acknowledge the Truth?
Cosmologist Martin Rees in his book "Our cosmic habit":
"Our universe may once have been squeezed to a single point, but everyone whether on earth, or
Andromeda, or even on the galaxies remotest from us can equally claim to have started from that
point.."(page 55)

Astrophysicist Paul Davies in his book "The mind of God":

"....the basis of the well-known big-bang theory, according to which the entire universe came into
existence abruptly, about fifteen billion years ago, in a gigantic explosion."(page 47)

"The universe evidently began, in some sense,"wound up", and is still currently unwinding.[..]If
one imagines "running the cosmic movie backward", then the galaxies get closer and closer
together until they merge.`(pages 47-8)

Look at the words he choose: "wound up", and see what words God used for: "solid mass/bound
together". It coincides perfectly.

Also really important note is the use of the word "fataq" which means: to break, dissolve,
seperate, split. And the opposite word "rataq" meaning: to merging, attaching of elements to
make them one. These are the perfect definitions for the big-bang, where one word defines the

“rataq” defines exactly the situation from before the big-bang, as the word “fataq” defines
exactly the situation of the big-bang itself and the spreading of the energy.
Just as the Big Bang in reality is an unwinding of the Universe, in the same way it will role up
again. Or as explained by Edward Hardy in his "Origin and Evolution of Universe":
“In some tens of times 10to the 9th years, the recession of the neighbouring galactic systems will
cease, and the process will start to reverse.”

21:104 On that Day We shall roll up the Sky as a written scroll is rolled up. Then, just as
We initiated the first Creation, We shall create a new Universe. This is a Promise
incumbent upon Us. Truly We shall fulfill it.

Then the expansion began, Paul Davies again:

"They found that the universe is, in fact, EXPANDING, with the galaxies rushing away from each
other."(page 47)
51:47 And it is We Who have built the Universe, and behold, We are steadily STEADILY
EXPANDING IT.

STAGE 2 EVOLVING FROM LOOSE ENERGY AND MATTER INTO CLUSTERS OF

PLANETS AND STARS

41:11 Likewise, He it is Who designed well the Sky when it was SMOKE/DUKHAAN
(Nebulae of gas). And He said to it and the earth, "Come both of you willingly or
unwillingly." They said, "We do come, obedient." („Thumm‟ = Afterward, then, so,
likewise, similarly, in the like manner. The Cosmic bodies coming into their orbits willingly
or unwillingly indicates their having been made subservient to the Divine Laws, without
free will 3:82, 13:15).

Astrophysicists Neil deGrasse Tyson and Donald Goldsmith in their book "Origins":
"[..attempting to explain the formation of the sun and its planets, Kant proposed a "nebular
hypothesis" according to which a SWIRLING MASS OF GAS AND DUST that surrounded our
star-in-formation condensed into clumps that became the planets.[...]Astrophysicists now have
good evidence that stars form, not one by one but by the thousands and tens of thousands, within
giant CLOUDS OF GAS AND DUST that may eventually give birth to about a million individual
stars."(page 185-6)

Now look at the term used here in the Quran, the word "dukhaan" which means literaly "smoke".
Smoke is made up out of GAS AND DUST, so there could not have been a better word for it to
be used. As in the quote above it is clearly mentioned the stars and planets where formed out of
GAS AND DUST .

After these 2 stages that took billions of years(estimated around 10 billion years) our earth was
formed, then after the forming of the young earth the last 4 stages occurred that formed life.

79:30 And after that He made the earth shoot out from the Cosmic Nebula and made it
spread out egg-shaped. („Dahaha‟ entails all the meanings
rendered 21:30, 41:11).

41:10 And He it is Who placed therein firm mountains towering above it, and bestowed
enduring Bliss upon it. And He measured therein its sustenance in Four Seasons, alike for
all who (invariably) need it. (39:67, 56:63-73).

21:30 Are the unbelievers not aware (after this proclamation) that the heavens and the
earth used to be one solid mass that We exploded into parting? And that out of water We
made every living thing? Will they not, then, acknowledge the Truth?

20:50 He replied, "Our Lord is He who creates and shapes everything, assigns its role and
guides it aright."

THE FOUR STAGES OF LIFE.

These are the last four stages, which together with the first two stages of the creation. Give
together the six that are mentioned in the verses 10:3, 11:7, 57:4 and 32:4.

Allah is called our Rabb, which means: Who fosters, nourishes, brings up and regulate the things
from the crudest state to that of the highest perfection, is such a matter to make it attain one
condition after an other until it reaches its goal of completion.

He is also called Al-Bari, the Evolver and Al-Masuwwir, the Bestower of Forms/Fashioner in
59:24.

The concept of Evolution was first described by the Greeks, but it was further developed by the
early Muslims. Great Muslim scholars and scientists as Al-Kindi, Ibn-Rushd, Ibn Tufayl,
Ibn-Arabi, Ibn-Khaldun al described and promoted the concept of Evolution. Before the 1800's,
Evolution Theory was known in Europe as the 'Muhammedan Creation Theory' and was
described in almost all Muslim Medicine and Science Books. It was also part of normal education
in the Muslim schools and Universities.

Ibn Khaldun [1332-1406, 400 years before Darwin!] wrote in his Muqaddimah, an Introduction
to History:

"One should then look at the world of Creation. It started out from the minerals and
progressed, in an ingenious, gradual manner to plants and animals. The last stage of
minerals is connected with the first stage of plants, such as herbs and seedles plants. The
last stage of plants such as palms and vine sis connected with the first stage of animals, such
as snails and shellfish which have only the power to touch. The word 'connection' with
regard to these created things means that the last stage of each group is fully prepared to
become the first stage of the next group. The animal world then widens, its species become
numerous, and, in a gradual process of creation, it finally leads to man, who is able to think
and reflect. The higher stage of man is reached from the world of monkeys, in which both
sagacity and perception are found, but which has not reached the stage of actual reflection
and thinking. At this point we come to the first stage of man ( after the world of monkeys).
This is as far as our (physical) observation extends."

This is just one example out of hundreds of opinions and observations made by Muslim scholars
in the early centuries of Islam. When Darwin made his own speculations based on the Muslim
Theory of Evolution, it was taken up by the Materialist Movement of the West. Because the
Theory of Evolution is not supported by the Bible, and also because Darwin's speculations gave
room for a Creator-less creation, Darwin's version of the Theory was taken up by the Atheist.
Through this Evolution Theory was seen as equal to Atheism, and Muslims, through loss of their
knowledge and their aversion of the Materialist Colonial powers of the West that had conquered
them, became to reject the Theory of Evolution. And took up together with the Christian world,
the concept of Instant Creation. A concept that goes directly against the language of the Quran
and its Message as will be shown.

The FIRST of these four, refer to the emergence and forming of the first larger amino-acids,
which formed RNA and DNA. This started in water, and then from clay. The primal soup is were
the first amino-acids were formed, and which afterwards developed further into RNA and DNA
in the clay-layers surrounding the pools. These pools were a mixture of sulphurs, acids and salts,
which were heated by the young earth's crust. These pools can still be found today around the
earth, and also at the sea bottom you have underwater volcano's which gave the perfect mixture
of heat, carbon, sulphurs, acids, salts and water. Both places are adressed in the Quran.

Primal soup and underwater volcano's:

25:54 And He it is Who has created the human being from this very water, (21:30, 24:45)
and then He has established relationships by lineage and by marriage, for, your Lord is the
Designer of all things. (The best relationships are established on the basis of Ideology 3:102,
49:10-13).

21:30 Are the unbelievers not aware (after this proclamation) that the heavens and the
earth used to be one solid mass that We exploded into parting? And that out of water We
made every living thing? Will they not, then, acknowledge the Truth?

24:45 And Allah has created every living creature from water. (Life began in water 21:30).
Some of them crawl on their bellies, some walk on two legs, and some walk on four. Allah
creates things with a Purpose and according to His Laws. He has Supreme control over all
things and events and verily, Allah is the Appointer of due measure of all things.

Development of RNA and DNA in the Clay particles surrounding the heat pools:

32:7 Who created everything in perfect balance. Thus He initiated the creation of man
(kind) from hydrated inorganic matter.
32:8 Then He made him to be reproduced out of the essence of a humble fluid. (The
inorganic matter was hydrated and from its extract life was initiated. Eventually, the
evolution reached a point when procreation with male and female gametes was established
37:11).

15:26 And, indeed, We created man from sounding clay, out of dark inorganic matter.
(37:11).

15:28 Recall when your Sustainer said to the angels, "Behold, I am about to create a mortal
man out of inorganic matter.” (2:30-35, 7:11-22, 17:61, 19:21, 20:116-120).

15:33 He replied, "I am not one to bow to man whom You have created from sounding clay
out of inorganic matter."

32:7 Who created everything in perfect balance. Thus He initiated the creation of man
(kind) from hydrated inorganic matter.

55:14 He created/Khalaqa the human out of inorganic matter that sounded like an empty
pot/Fakha'ar. (And it was empty of a trace of the finished form).

The word Fakha'ar means: baked pottery or a baked vessel of clay. The word Khalaqa means: To
bring a thing into existence according to a certain measure, or proportion, so as to make it equal
to another thing that is not pre-existing. Together it will make the verse like this:

55:14 He formed and proportioned the human through successive stages as Clay is molded
into shape and stages and baked into pottery.

23:12 Now, indeed, We created the human being from the essence/Sulalah of clay. (22:5).

The word Sulalah means: An extract of a thing, the clear, or pure, part or choice, or best, or most
excellent part of a thing. One may conclude that man was created from an extract of clay. Does
sulalah refer to silicone? Scientists belief that mineral Clay particles were the catalysts, as well as
stabilizer in the polymerisation reaction of amino acids to RNA and DNA.

Here is an quotation of one of Holland's leading scholars, Professor dr. Stephen B.J.Menken,
Chief Evolution biologist of Amsterdam University in "The Origin" by Niki Korteweg:

"With the making of the first step to the primal soup which contains all basicelements for
life to a living organism, we stumble upon a lot of problems. One of the problems is the
UV-radiation of the sun. We are protected by our skin and the earth's ozonlayer from the
worst radiation. The young earth didn't have a protecting ozonlayer, so the UV-radiation
reached freely the atmosphere and the top waterlayers. A second problem is that the most
simple organic substances can move in all directions in a watery substance. For life to
emerge, it is necassery that the substances remain together, a third problem is the
sensitivity of DNA and RNA, mainly the carbonic-sugars, which brake apart easy.

There must have happened two things will the substances of the primal soup evolve to
something more complicating, to life. The substances must remain together and protected
against harmfull influences from outside.[..]

The second most important theory is that of the clayparticles. These particles are common
on earth. They're layered, smaller then two micrometre and can bind all organic molecules
and make them react with each other. On the surface of the clayparticles, can by example,
RNA been build up from simple molecules. Next to that, enhance the clayparticles, the
forming of fatty-acids, in which an enviroment can evolve which is separated from the
outside world.[..] The walls of every cell, of plants, animals and fungies, are build up out of
double layered fatty-acids.[..] In a solution of fatty-acids together with clayparticles,
bindings emerge of double layered fatty-acids.[...] If on the surface of the enclosed
clayparticles, molecules get 'stuck', this can be most important for the origins of life, then
by this theory can we explain the build of the primitive cell."

7:189 (The Message encompasses life in its totality.) Recall that Allah created life from a
single life cell, then made male and female cells, and then shaped you into human beings,
males and females..... .”
The SECOND STAGE is that of the first one-celled, the blue-algae‟s that produced also large
quantities of oxygen. These one-celled made the first steps for complexer organisms, and evolved
further into other one-celled, and later one formed complexer multi-celled clusters. In these
clusters, each cell got its own function, as they were all separate cells working together, without a
central nerve-system. As the environmental changes forced the clusters into becoming more
complex and in need for a central control centre, which triggered the forming of cells with the
function of guiding the other cells functions, a simple nerve-system.

The Algues were the first producers of Oxygen. Without these large amounts of algae‟s, the
Oxygen layer would not have formed, and further complexer life would not have been possible.
Oxigen is only formed in plant life, with exception of some Bacteria. Without the green plants,
we would not have been here:

36:80 (The same Creator) Who produces for you fire out of the GREEN TREE, so that,
behold, you kindle from it.

Green trees produce Oxygen that makes fire possible. It is open carbon fuel fire that pushed our
development. When man was still in its prehistoric form, we ate raw meat and plants. To chew on
this, large muscles were needed for our jaws and also large intestines were needed to process the
raw food. When mankind started to use fire for cooking its food. The bodies of cells in the food
were broken, and thus easier to process. Normally it took us hours of chewing to destroy the
cell-bodies in the food. Now it only took minutes. This meant that the large muscles on our skulls
were not needed anymore, and so more room was given for growth of our brain, that first was
held up by the needed space for the large jaw-muscles.

Also our intestines could become shorter, and so our body could walk more erect. This
simultaneous spur of growth and new possibilities for our brain and body, made us take large
steps of development, that before took 100.000's of years, and which now were taken in steps of
40-20.000 years.

The green plant life created the possibility for complex life by creating an Oxigen atmosphere,
and it also created the way for ancient man to make the step from ape-man to modern humans.
This is why fire is so important to mention as done in 36:80.

The THIRD STAGE was the multiple-celled organisms that emerged from the multi-celled
clusters that had simple nerve-systems. These evolved further into far complexer organisms with
specific organs and highly complex nerve-systems. As the early reptiles(including dinosaurs),
birds, insects, fishes and other sealife, amfibiants and mammals. After this third stage, it was
ready for the fourth and last stage, that of the beings with highly evolved nerve-systems that have
high consciousness‟s.

24:45 And Allah has created every living creature from water. (Life began in water 21:30).
Some of them crawl on their bellies, some walk on two legs, and some walk on four. Allah
creates things with a Purpose and according to His Laws. He has Supreme control over all
things and events and verily, Allah is the Appointer of due measure of all things.
STAGE FOUR The emergence of humans. This process took millions of years. Where each
stage succeeded one another. Till we, the homo sapiens are the last result. And also other higher
mammals as whales and dolphins.

Stephen Jay Gould says in "Ever Since Darwin":

Evolution usually proceeds by "speciation"---the splitting of one lineage from a parental
stock---not by slow transformation of these large parental stocks. Repeated episodes of speciation
produce a bush.(Page 61)

82:7 Who created you, then fashioned you, then proportioned you? (95:4).
82:8 Having shaped you and put you together well/Rakkaba in accordance with His Laws.
(59:24).

The verb Rakkaba means "to create a thing from components; put or set one part of it upon
another". Thus referring that we are the results of earlier processes.

80:17 Man destroys himself, how ungrateful, rejecting the Sublime Truth!
80:18 Out of what thing has He created him?
80:19 From the male and the female gametes He created him, and then
fashioned him in DUE PROPORTION/FAQADDARAHU.

Faqaddarah means:
Fa= (Allah) determines
Qaddara=proportions/measure
Hu=of ( the newly formed human)

This can be seen as a reference to the DNA, which contains the complete program of all the
proportions of the human body.

7:11 We created you, then shaped you, then told the angels, "Be of service to Adam! And
they agreed to be of service, all but Iblis (Satan). He was not of the subservient. [Take a
panoramic view of your common origin. Life began as a single life cell from hydrated
inorganic matter (23:13). We made you Adam (Homo sapiens, male and female). And We
made the angels (the Universal Forces) subservient to you. Satan or Iblis, your own
rebellious desire, refused to submit to your higher controls of judgment.]

The word Adam comes from the Root Adama which literally means: To reconcile, to be brown.
Adam means: Human skin, Human being, Man, Person, Intelligent Person, Brown Man, Human
Race, Mankind, Civilized Person, Person who is created from different substances, Person in
possession of different powers, One who has heirs, One who enjoys the conforts of Life, One who
is by nature social and hard.

2:30 Your Lord announced His Plan to the angels (the Laws and Forces in the Universe),
“Behold, I am about to place on Earth A NEW CREATION/KHALIFAH that will have
dominion over it.”
Adam means Intelligent Man, which is also the exact meaning of Homo Sapiens, the scientific
term for Modern Man. In 2:30, the first humans are called Khalifah, which means One who
comes after and stands in the place of someone who precedes him.

6:133 Your Lord is Absolute, the Lord of Mercy. He could replace you with whomever He
Will, like He RAISED YOU FROM THE GENERATIONS OF OTHER FOLK.

And who did we succeed? As explained earlier, we used to be different of body-structure because
we ate raw food. After we started to cook our food, our body structure became more developed
and our brain grew larger. This is directly explain in this verse:

76:28 (Who gave them the mind and body to behave the way they choose?)We it is Who
have created them, and strengthened their frame. And if We Will, We can replace them
entirely with other nations.

And that our brain grew larger because of the change, through this we developed a personality
that could make use of a larger memory and insight:

2:31 And Allah endowed humanity/Adam with the capacity to attain knowledge. Then He
showed the angels certain things and said to them, “Tell me if you have the capacity of
learning about these, if you are truly better qualified to have supremacy in the planet
Earth.

15:29 And when I have perfected him in due proportion and breathed into him something
of My Energy, bow before him.” (That something will be the gift of free will, the ability to
make decisions 76:3).

We also know that the first humans developed in Africa between 2 million and 200.000 years
ago. So our ancestors were black of skin, which is also the MAIN meaning of Adama, To be
brown.

71:14 Knowing that He has created you in successive stages.

71:17 And Allah has caused you to grow as a growth from the earth/as a (geneological) tree.
The earlier species were more animal-like, and a lot more aggressive towards other species
because of instinct, but our Free Will has not made us less aggressive. This is expressed in 2:30
by the Malikah, the Forces of the Universe:

2:30 .....They exclaimed, “Will you place on it such creation as will cause disorder therein
and shed blood! - Whereas we strive to establish Your Glory in the Universe and make
manifest that You are Impeccable!” He answered, “Behold, I know that which you know
not.”

The Quran shows us perfectly our path from the smallest life cells to the first plantlife. Then to
the ape-man to Modern Man who eventually spread from Africa towards the most outer borders
of the Earth.
7:172 Your Lord brought forth generations from the Children of Adam, and they have
been the living testimony that He creates and provides them with sustenance. “Am I not
your Sustainer?” They practically admit, “Yes, verily. We testify.” Thus you cannot say on
the Resurrection Day, “We were not aware of this.”

Through this spreading over the earth. The Children of Adam were exposed to different
circumstances, and thus their bodies adapted to these circumstances. Eyes adapted, skin color,
body hair, body length and so on.

35:28 And of human beings, and other creatures, and the cattle have diverse colors. This is
how it is: of all His servants only the ULAMA get some idea of the Glory of Allah (by
examining the wonders in Nature. ULAMA = men and women of scientific knowledge. They
understand that) Allah is Almighty, the Absolver of imperfections.

30:22 And of His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the diversity of
your tongues and colors. Herein, behold, are Signs for those who make best use of what
they learn.

And we know today also that species are still in constant development:

29:20 Say, “Travel in the earth and find out how He originated creation. And how
afterward, Allah brings forth entirely new forms. Verily, Allah is the Designer of all
things.”

42:29 And among His Signs is the creative design of the Heavens and the Earth, and the
living creatures which He has dispersed throughout them. And He is Able to gather them
together when He will. (Herein is an allusion to the existence of life in other celestial bodies,
and to man meeting with the 'aliens' some day 16:49).

87:1 Strive to raise the Name of your Lord, the Most High.). 87:2 Who creates and
proportions. (So that all things might become what they are meant to be). 87:3 And Who
appoints due measure and then shows the way (to all things as to their functions and
fullfillment).

BISMILLAHIR RAHMANIR RAHIM

With the Glorious Name of Allah, the Source of Instant and Eternal Beneficence and Mercy
Who embraces the entire Universe in His fold, nourishing and taking care of all things for
what they are meant to be, just as a mother's womb nourishes the embryo without any
returns.
['Rahm' in 'Rahman' and 'Raheem' encompasses all the meanings rendered.]

I highly recommend to obtain the below mentioned books for further research and understanding.
sources:

"Dictionary of the Holy Quran" by Abdul Mannan Omar

"Lane's Lexicon Arabic English Dictionary" by Lane

"Quran As It Explains Itself" by Shabbir Ahmed M.D.

"The Unifying Theory of Everything: by Muhammed Asadi

"Wonders of the Quran" by Organisation Salaam

"Origins of Man" by Maurice Bucaille

"Creation and/or Evolution" by T.O. Shanavas

"Origins" by N.D.Tyson and D.Goldsmith

"The mind of God" by P.Davies

"Our cosmic habitat" by M.Rees

“Origin and Evolution of Universe” by Edward Hardy

"The Origin" by Niki Korteweg

Scientific Approach To Afterlife

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The scientific approach of the Afterlife, taking away the myth, replacing it with reality.

Arnold Yasin Mol©

I‟ve been studying Quantum physics for quite some time now, and i‟m going to share with you a
little intro on the latest theory that will sound a bell of recognishing. First i start with a little intro
on an understanding, that takes away the superstition side of mediums and reincarnation stories.
Then it will move on to understanding resurrection. I tried here to explain it in the most simple
and short form. I really believe, God gave us the means to take away anything out of the myths
and fantasy, and that we can find answers in the laws of this creation.
Reincarnation is based on teachings of a Greek school around a 100BC, they influenced
Buddhism and Hinduism with this doctrine, as it never mentioned by Buddha or in the Veda's.
And this spread throughout the continents. So firstly it has no theological bases being known in
the religions.

The story of Buddha and the General:

"What do you mean with re-birth?"The General asked ; "When you were younger, you went to
military school? Was the person who went to the school, the same person when he finished the
training?"Asked the Buddha;"No, i guess not"The General said;"The younger person who went
for education died, the person who finished the training, wasn't that younger person anymore,
wasn't he? The younger untrained you, died, and was reborn again in the trained version. The
untrained you, died, and the trained you was born, but they are both you. This cycle goes on your
whole life."Said the Buddha.

We know now through Quantum physics, that the material world around us, is not based on
'loose' particles with empty space between them. Now it is shown with experiments, that there is
no empty space, all is filled with energy. We live in one gigantic energy field. This energy field is
even bigger then our universe, and probably encompasses al universes. So this means if you
move your arm, you 'push' aside energy, and this will have effect throughout the whole field, it
will not have huge effect, but it is like your in a pool, and you cause ripples and currents when
you splash your arms, not just around you, but in the whole pool.

The reality around us is based on different levels of worlds, that all are fixed in this field. Your
organs are made out of cells, the cells out of cytoplasma, the cytoplasma out of molecules, the
molecules out of neutrones,protones,elektrones, these are based on quarks and energy waves,
these are again based on smaller waves and then you will end up in infinity, you will end up in a
giant pool of energy. So these all form different levels of worlds that are all formed out of one
source. The Quantum Vacuum. We are like icecubes flaoting in water, made out of the same
substance, but are on different levels. One of the key factors they have found out is that time
doesn't exist in this field. They 'linked' two molecules in a lab, they split them up, but they found
out it doesn't matter how far the molecules are separated, they remain 'linked', what happens to
one molecule will effect the other. And this goes with the speed of billion times the light speed. If
they let the molecule change its spin, immidiatly the other molecule will also adapt its spin as it
were next to the other molecule while in reality they were miles apart.

Also something they discovered through various experiments is that this field can contain
information. They found this out through resonant fields that remained after experiments. What
they did in the lab, had a remaining effect in the field, like it 'remembered' what they did during
their experiments. This came about in lots of different labatories. Also neurologists started to
work with them that are specialized in memory. They think they have enough evidence that most
memory is stored in the Quantum vacuum, and not your brain. It is like the field workes as a
gigantic 'memory'. The ripple of something that happened in the vacuum, from a movement to a
thought, will cause a ripple in the field, because you use the vacuum's energy, the molecules that
are used in those processes are all formed out of the field. So all that is done with those molecules
and particles will effect the vacuum. So even all your thoughts are inprinted in the vacuum. It is
like the mother-Book that is mentioned in the Quran and other revelations. It doesn't forget, your
actions and all the actions of everything made out of the field, of all the creations that ever were
and are now are stored as ripples in the field. Our brain can tap into the field, it can trace our own
'frequency' it seems. Experiments with mice showed, that every time they burned away a little
part of the brain, they hoped to determine were memory lies. So they learned the rats to follow
mazes, everytime they burned a part of the brain, the mice still remembered how to walk the
maze. Even after burning away 70% of the brains, the mice still knew the way, they hardly could
drag themselves, their limb-functions were minimum, but the memory remained. After a lot of
these types of researches on memory like this, and most show, that as long a little part remains,
even when the limbs can't even function properly anymore, the connection with the information
remained. So this shows the brain is far more likely to be a transmitter, a link between the
information, your 'frequency', then the storage of the information. This gave a whole new
implacation to neurology.

The field is now common knowledge in science, from higher physics to doctors, all have shown
results our conceptions of the vacuum are proven true. There were some neurologists who found
out some people are more sensetive for the vacuum then others, that could tap in more then just
their energy ripple in the vacuum. They could see other peoples memories and what people were
doing in the room next door. These were proven in multiple labs and experiments. So the idea
started that our bodies could maybe also pick information up from the field, maybe from people
already deceased. This would be really logical, as most experiments show, the vacuum exists and
the vacuum also stores all information in ripples of all that happened inside its creations, then it is
highly likely sensitive people could also pick up information of already deceased persons. Not
only their memory, but also their bodies picking up features as birth-marks that also is stored and
picked by the cells of your bodies. So this explains why there are such detailed stories by kids
about people living hundreds of years ago. Why they can pick up foreign languages, feel you.
Why animals feel you, why pets like dogs now their boss is dead, without being there to see it,
they 'feel' it. Sensetive people can pick up any information caused by humans, and thinking
they're 'mediums' of deceased people or they're telephatic. They're not, they're just....more
sensetive.

They came on this thought because in most experiments, children till the age of 8, were the most
sensetive for picking up information in the field. And most recordings of past lives came from
children, this is a logical link, so the hypothese is backed by scientifical confirmations from other
branches of sciences. This also gave explanations on prophecies by peoples on events, why
people know a love-oned died the moment it happens without being there, why you know
somebody stares at your back, why the heartbeats of people in room after a time synchronize,
why twins can sense each other across the world, why kids(who are the most sensetive with
picking up info from the vacuum)can speak foreign languages without ever learning. This is
because we are all linked through the Quantum vacuum and pick up information that is stored in
the field. Even NASA is now busy with trying to see if they van use this vacuum as energy
source for their rockets. It is researched for using it as a communication-device, using the 'linked'
molecules as signals.

This explained so many mysteries as gravity and cell-communication and so on. They mostly call
it the Quantum vacuum, Quantum foam or the Zero point Field, because the energy remains
below 0 kelvin, while all matter stops being active at this tempature.

Also one of the implications of this all, was the understanding of the emerging of the universe
and how it handles information. One of the most worked out theories, is that like i told above, all
information of everything that ever happenend inside the quantumfield, will be stored,
'remembered' by the field. It sounds really like the 'mother-book' the Quran talks about. This
universe will die out one day, all energy and matter will loose all their movement, and so the
universe will 'die'. One of the most basic theories is, is that
1.all will implode and form a new bigbang.
2. all will be dragged into black holes, and then will create a new bigbang on the other side of the
holes.

So a new bigbang is the most likely thing that will occur, but now watch, all the information
stored by the Quantumfield still remains, that cannot be deleted. And labs-tests shows, matter and
energy follow the 'ripples' inside the field, they frollow the information. So this means, all energy
will form new matter, just in our bigbang, it will dispurse and seperate and follow the same
speed, just like in our universe 'version'. It will form stars and planets, while following this blue
print, stored inside the field. Matter will follow the 'grooves' allready made in our universe. But
this also means our universe will also create life again! This means humans will develope again,
and will follow a growth in knowledge. You will be created again, because you are also still part
of the blue print. Does this already starting to sound familiar with something? But here's the
catch, the energy and matter, will follow the most dominate 'ripples'. So if you have done mostly
good in your life, this will be more dominate in your next ''you". The acts you have done most in
life, will dominate your next "you". These are just theories, but these are made without scientists
ever thought of linking them to the 'afterlife'. And these are becoming more and more theories
that are accepted, because of the evidences are pilling up. So a person doing 'good' now, as
his/her most dominate act, will affect your next you in a serious matter, this same applies to doing
'bad'. Somebody living 'heaven', because of his previous life doing good, somebody living 'hell'
because of doing bad previously.
The higher a society becomes, the more higher it will get in the 'next' universe. So everything you
do now, will have serious effect on the 'next'creation. From what you do as an individual, to what
society as a whole does. This is why Islam/submission is needed, because we will create a better
version in the here and now and the hereafter, litteraly.

It is hard to explain so much information in such a small topic. But these are becomming more
and more highly accepted theories now. Is this maybe a scientific approach to the afterlife?
Godwilling we know more in time.

I can recommend the books by L.McTaggert; The Field, and The Reenchanted cosmos and
Cosmic vision by E.Laszlo.

Jinn As Found In The Quran

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Jinn as found in the Quran

By Arnold Yasin Mol © 2006
One of the biggest problems today with interpretation of the Quran, is the concept of leaving
words untranslated. The idea that some words are titles, fixed meanings, can create confusing and
contradicting subjects. Also it has taken away many important messages which Allah through the
Quran tries to teach us. So what I‟ll try to show in this book, is that the Quran contains no titles,
except for a few names of persons and places. Thus approaching words in the Quran, not as titles,
but as words with meanings itself relevant through the contexts of the verses. Making it
subjective to the context, and not one-given meaning as would be, by approaching it as titles.
Leaving the words not untranslated, or a filled in meaning from history, but translating them
exactly to what they mean in the Arabic. This can give surprising and exciting results. The word
jinn, was always approached as a title, one fixed meaning, as for example the word human. But is
this truly so? Does the word jinn, malik-a, shaitan have fixed meanings throughout the Quran?
Let‟s see what these words mean and see if we get the same understanding of its meaning in
every verse it is used. Is jinn really the mythological entities, made from „fire‟, and having
children with us, deceiving us, as this is the meaning given as jinn in a title? First we‟re going to
look to the real meanings of the words, and then how they‟re used inside the Great Reading of
God, and see how the Quran explains itself, how it must be understood.
We are warned in the Quran that we will immobilize the Quran‟s meaning, by creating fixed
understandings. See 25:30

The prophet will say: "O my Lord, my people had fettered/ chained/fixed
positions/understandings in the Qur'an(made the Quran mahjoor)." (25:30)(A horse or
camel tied head to foot was called mahjoor, and the rope used for tying, al-hijaar(Taj). Making
the animal immobile, as it stuck in its position, where the owners will leave it. The Quran today is
thus fettered/chained by custom and tradition, fixed titles and meanings of words, hearsay reports
compiled centuries later, and laws and by-laws enacted by men, each group having its own fiqah
and shariah, which are held more sacrosanct and given predence over the Quran, and making thus
the Quran fixed in meaning, where they want, and how they want. Making the versatile meanings
immobile, freezing a certain meaning, and chaining the Quran with that meaning.)
Jinn is Arabic for things/beings not seen/hidden/concealed/rarely seen. When I would say
walking beings, does this point out to humans alone? No, every thing that walks fall under this
description and isn‟t a fixed title that points out to one species alone. The word human directly
points out to one species and cannot be used for any other creature on earth. The word jinn is the
same as the description walking beings, it doesn‟t point out to one thing alone, as a lot of things
are not seen/hidden. The fixed meaning was forced on the word over time, and dominates now
the approach to the Quran. Even old scholars as Ibn Kathir who also point out that jinn is a
description of several things and not one species, is ignored, even though he is one of the most
quoted scholars in the sunni world.
Jinn= he/it concealed=covered with darkness (see also use in 6:76)=intense/confusing
darkness=that which is concealed from man‟s senses=rarely seen=things/beings that are hidden.
Iblis=Ibless: its derived form "balasa" ( Baa Laam Seen) which means
deprivation/hopelessness/frustration/Person of desperate character/struck dumb with despair/who
despaired/who became broken in spirit/mournful/who was perplexed and unable to see his
way/who was prevented from attaining his wish/who became unable to prosecute his wish.
Shaitan=Shiin-Tay-Nun (root of shaytan) = become distant/far/remote, enter firmly / become
firmly fixed therein / penetrate and be concealed, turn away in opposition (from direction/aim),
devil, one excessively proud/corrupt, unbelieving/rebellious/insolent/audacious, rope, deep
curved well, it burned, became burnt, serpent, any blamable faculty or power of a man, long rope,
opponent, accuser, adversary.
Malik-ah=the one(s) in control/given control/in authority/in power. Normaly translated with
„angels‟.
Djenna=Garden Hidden=The Garden is hidden beneath the trees, whereby here the trees
resemble the deeds of mankind. It refers to the ground of man‟s conciousness, and the perfect
society, in this life and the Next. This explains also the tree which Adam was forbidden to
approach, which refer to a deed that shouldn‟t been done. If we look at context of 2:36-38, this
deed probably was the people splitting up in groups or goals.
Ja-hannam=Valley of Hannam=Valley near Jerusalem, where humans were sacrificed, criminals
were convicted, bodies of people with diseases were burned=ultimate metaphor for loss of
reason, logic, peace and truth, causing agony and being astray of the truth, in this life, and the
Next. It refers to the stagnation of people‟s nafs/soul/Self and of society. It is used for war and for
a society which falls into destruction for not following God‟s law.

Shaitan and Iblis explained.

First we‟ll look at the starting point, from where all traditional approaches of Jinn begin. Shaitan
and Iblis.
[15:26-33]

26. And, indeed, We created man from sounding clay, out of dark inorganic matter.
27. As We fashioned jinns before from intense radiated heat.
28. But when your Sustainer said to the angels: "I am verily going to create a human being
from fermented clay dried tingling hard;
29. And when I have fashioned him and breathed into him of My Energy, bow before him
in homage;"
30. The angels (malikah) bowed in homage in a body .
31. Except Iblis. He refused to bow with the adorers.
32. "How is it, O Iblis," said (the Lord), "you did not join those who bowed in homage?"
33. "How could I bow," said he, "before a mortal whom You created from sounding clay
out of inorganic matter?"
15:27. As We fashioned that is concealed (jinns) before from scorching winds.
The verses where Iblis and shaitan are used, are almost all directly linked to human‟s creation,
and thus coincides with something within humans itself, that was created first/before/ thought up.
As referring to the rebellious/desperate side of humans being first designed by God, before He
created the human itself. As what is called iblis/shaitan, „the opponent‟ and „desperate and
frustrated side‟ and „is distanced from God‟, the rebellious emotions and psyche inside man,
claims to be made from fire, a nature to take apart Truth and reason as fire takes apart bigger
molecules into smaller ones, this description is always together with that humans beings are made
from clay. And is thus linked with the jinn mentioned with these verses. As the „Self‟ of humans
was already designed by God, before the human itself was created, as can be seen by this verse:

2:30 And your Sustainer said to the powers of Nature (malikah = ones in control)l: “I am
placing a successor on Earth.” They said: “Would You place in it he who would corrupt in it,
and spill blood, while we sing Your glory, and praise You?” He said: “I know what you do not
know.”
As seen by this verse, there was already something known about mankind, a part of it‟s nature,
which would lead to rebellion. As it shows, the quality characteristics were already present when
the human was designed in the mind of God, how God‟s thinking works is of course. beyond us,
as we can see we are already given a position in the creation But think, what is the main
characteristic that distinguishes humans from the rest of creation? Is it freewill? Throughout the
Quran, it is shown that all creation has freewill. So what is it then that makes humans deviate
from the rest? It still has to learn, to choose the guidance of God. A human being has a built in
resistance against it‟s own existence. To choose if he serves God‟s creation. We still have to learn
what is good for us, and what is not. With this knowledge, look again:

15:27. As We fashioned that which is concealed (jinn), before from intense scorching winds.
And so this is one of the things that make humans special inside the creation, and was our main
characteristic, first made, before we were developed . As the rebel/desperate side is created to
make mankind know what free-will is. What makes up a house? At least walls and a roof, these
are the basics that makes a house, a house. The thing that makes humans, humans, is our potential
of free-choice, or rather, to go against our nature. So the first thing that would, the first lines on
our blue print would be that capability. That is why I believe God says, that He made the
concealed fiery part of mankind first, which explains this verse. This capability is an immense
responsibility and destined for mankind to carry (33:72). All other creation knows exactly what
their function and purpose is, except for mankind. We have to learn it from scratch. The
resistance against this learning process is called Iblis. That we eventually will learn, can be seen
by the words of God: “I know what you do not know.”
Also one important approach, is that jinn, also refers to something concealed by darkness,
referring that it is concealed by time. In this way it refers to legends, ancestors, dead people who
are revered as rulers and religious leaders, and for example, prehistorian man. This would give
us:

15:27 Before humanity became civilized, (you can say that) We created the prehistorian
man from flames,( i.e. with fiery disposition in self-preservation). (Translation by Dr.Shabbir)
In the story of Adam (First peoples, see the plural use in 2:36-38 and 7:11), mankind is warned to
be aware for the opponent inside their Self, as it will create distance between them and God and
progress (Shaitan=Shaat=long rope), and it will not serve mankind(7:11). Its nature is called as
a blazing fire. As its nature is to be opponent to the Truth, and is part of the human nature that
cannot be part of the Heaven (Djenna=hidden Garden=perfect conciousness and society) of
man‟s thinking. And burns away logic and understanding of Reality. And will cause a barrier
(Jahim) between you and progress. This warning is repeated several times in the Quran, as
making clear how dangerous this part of the human spirit is. So shaitan/Iblis is no real creature or
entity, as this was in history the practice. Human emotions, bad and good, were personified into
beings, mostly only as metaphors, which people started to believe as real existing separate
entities, gods, idols. Man saw that these emotions had power on man. And were thus to believed
as being real gods, idols as the god of love, lust, greed, compassion, hate, anger, strength;
personifying human emotions. Things to be revered and worshipped. Humankind bowed to stars,
fire, our own desires. Anything that looked to have influence on us. This concept of reverence
was expelled from the monotheistic religions, and God was the only one accepted as being bowed
too. So almost all idols were lost. God was the overall source of Power and Goodness. But not of
evil, this had to be placed outside of God. Instead of accepting the evil as something inside of us.
It was projected on mythical creatures, the old made up idols of evil. All other idols had lost their
function, except for the personification of man‟s own evil side.
As the ancient Jews and Nazareans (Christians) didn‟t believe in a personified evil/rebel, as can
been seen in the usage of the word shaitan and diabolos in the Bible. Where even the prophet
David is called the shaitan(opponent) of Saul. Shaitan is sometimes even used for
God(Chronicles 21: 1-14, 2 Samuel 24:1-15) as being the Opponent of the rejecters of His
revelations. By thus showing, the word was not used as a title, but as a normal word, just
meaning opponent or slanderer, which could be applied to everything that fitted the meaning of
the word. (See: I Timothy 3:11, 2 Timothy 3:1 – 3, Titus 2:3, John 6:70, Matt 16:23, Acts 5: 1-
11, Hebrews 2:14, Gen 3:1-5 ,Rev 12:9 , Rev 20:2 , S&H 564:32 , Mis 191:4, 1 Chron. 21:1;
Job 1:6-12 Zech. 3:1-2).
This was also with the Zoroastrian faith, where evil and good where human qualities, balanced
inside our soul and creation, where only in later generations they became real separate existing
entities. When these faiths became assimilated into other cultures, as with the happened with the
Jews during the Diaspora, they became acquainted with the Persian doctrine of opposites, which
was already fully developed, where they copied the personification, and passed this partially on
to the Christians. And thus the evil being the opposite of God. Where it only became a real
doctrine when the Greek-Romans took over Christianity, they saw Jesus as the personified good,
and the devil as the personified evil. They condemned all other personified emotions, except the
evil side. This remained a real existing creature that lured people to evil, as this justified the Jesus
is God-on-earth dogma as it needed an opposite for Jesus, which was also partially influenced by
the deformed Zoroastrian faith, where these were the Logos(word) is the son of God(Mithra), and
the duality of good and evil on earth, in Ormuzd and Ahriman, which only turned into deities
hundreds of years after Zarathustra.
This Persian doctrine was also assimilated into the understanding of the Quran, as its converts
mostly consisted of Christians, Zoroastrians and pagans, where these personifications were
normal understandings and accepted by all. And again, when studying the mythical stories around
Muhammed, people created again opposites by making Muhammed the personification of the
good, and the devil again the personification of evil on earth. People fooling themselves with this
Dualism which is an ancient left-over from polytheism. And by thus, creating stories around
Muhammed to make him this personification of good, making him perfect and flawless, to fit this
doctrine. As the „devil‟ was the perfect evil, its opponent must be the direct opposite, the perfect
flawless good.
With God and the prophet‟s as the Good, and the devil as the Evil. We are being blocked of the
beautiful and important examples, metaphors and direct information God gives in the Great
Quran. Also using the personification, as a denial of the evil potentials that is sparked inside the
human itself, by placing the blame on something outside of us, that lures us. This is taking away
partially our responsibility of the evil done. „The devil made me do it‟. So instead of accepting it
is a part of us, we only accept the part of falling for the temptation of the evil side. This
suppression of our subconciousness, this non-acceptance, also created projections on other
humans. Other humans were made evil. As the psychologist Jung said; „This made the people
project all that was wrong in society, on certain races. The Jews, Gypsies and gays were blamed
for all that was wrong and evil, and this was one of the main catalyst for the Holocaust‟.
As for God using a metaphor, that make it look like shaitan/iblis is a real creature, as some
people pointed out to me, as it talks and answers, i only have to remind the people, on
expressions like: ”My heart told me to do this…” “My rage made me do this.” And so on. God
uses the exact same expressions, to clarify it for us, in terms anybody from every level of
intelligent and backgrounds can understand.
So if we would translate the verses I gave at the beginning of this chapter again without the fixed
titles, we get:
[15:26-32]

26. Mankind indeed, We created from sounding clay, out of dark inorganic matter.
27. As We fashioned the concealed from man‟s senses before from intense radiated fire.
28. But when your Sustainer said to the ones in control (malikah)l: "I am verily going to
create a human being from fermented clay dried tingling hard.
29. And when I have fashioned him and breathed into him of My Energy , serve (sujood)
him in homage .”
30. The ones in control all serve (sujood) in homage .
31. Except the desperate and frustrated side (Iblis). He refused to serve with the submitted .
32. "How is it, O desperate and frustrated side (Iblis)," said (the Maintainer), "you did not
join those who serve in homage ?”
(Sujood=to submit, to bow down, to serve)

And if we read it with all explained, we end up with something like this:

26. Mankind We fashioned from from sounding clay, out of dark inorganic matter (through
Evolution),
27. As We fashioned the concealed (lusts, desires, rebellious, evil side, straying ego‟s)from
man‟s senses before from intense radiated fire (being designed to be the part of the human
spirit).
28. But when your Lord said to the ones in control (powers of creation, from Laws of nature,
to the smallest cells that make out your body): "I am verily going to create a human being
from fermented clay dried tingling hard (through Evolution);
29. And when I have fashioned him and breathed into him of My spirit, submit (sujood)
before him in homage (everything is made to serve mankind);"
30. The ones in control (powers of nature) all serve (sujood) in homage ( fulfilling their
creation, serving God‟s plan)
31. Except the desperate side. He refused to serve with the submitted (creation).
32. "How is it, O desperate and frustrated side(Iblis)," said (the Maintainer), "you did not
join those who serve in homage?"
33. “How could I serve," said he, "before a mortal whom You created from sounding clay
out of inorganic matter (through Evolution)?"
A connection is to be seen with all the verses, where jinn and human are mentioned together. This
important connection shows that not all the jinns in the Quran are made from fire, but only the
ones directly connected with the creation of the human body. As showing that these jinns (things
being concealed for our sense’s/not seen (by our thinking)) refer to the humans strong emotions
as lust, anger, despair, hate, rage, greed, all serving the ego, and not serving the human, as it can
destroy/harm the person itself or/and other humans. And by thus showing exactly what God is
telling through the story of Adam. As these were not created to serve mankind, but to test it, to
make it learn.
When looked carefully upon the circumstances where Iblis is used, and where shaitan is used.
One will notice a difference, that with Iblis=desperate side, it only refers to when the evil side is
only talking about itself, about it‟s own nature. And shaitan=rebel/opponent/distanced from
Truth/God is mentioned when the evil/rebellious side of man is being used. So Iblis is used for
explaining the desires, emotions that prevent them from choosing the right way, they are
explained to what their position is in man. And shaitan is mentioned when these desires and
emotions are used to prevent the human itself and others from choosing the right way of progress.
Shaitan means Iblis is at work. This can be clearly seen by the next couple of verses, where the
desperate side of men(Iblis), won‟t pay any obedience to mankind(7:11), it explains it will not
serve us. And the rebel side is used to lead people away, becoming distanced from
God(shaitan)(7:20), and so here it explains the difference of Iblis and shaitan. So God explains
with these terms, our psyche, and what will happen to us if we listen to them and get driven by
them.
[7:11-27]

11. Verily We created you and gave you form and shape, and ordered the ones in power to
serve Adam (mankind) in Homage; and they all bowed but the desperate and frustrated
side (Iblis), who was not among those who being subservient (sujood) (served mankind for
the better).
12. "What prevented you" (said God), "From being subservient
(sujood) to (Mankind) at My bidding?" "I (straying ego, desire) am better than him," said
he. "You created me from fire, and him from inorganic matter."
13. So God said: "Descend (to the lowest part of creation). You have no right to be insolent
here. Go, and away; you are one of the damned." (In Djenna, evil and these destructive
emotions are not present, on this high level of thinking and experiencing, and when the
perfect society is attained)
14. "Grant me respite," said he, "till the raising of the dead (Use me to test mankind till the
end of this Earth and the creation of the new universe)."
15. And God said: "You have the respite."
16. "Since You led me into error (created me to err)," said the desperate and frustrated
side of mankind(Iblis), "I shall lie in wait for them along Your straight path.
17. And I shall come upon them from the front and behind, right and left; and You will not
find among them many who would give thanks."
18. "Be gone," said (God), "contemptible and rejected! As for those who follow you (are
driven by desires,lusts), I shall fill up Jahannam(state of misery) with all of you.
19. And you, O Mankind, and your spouse, live in Djenna (inner peace and perfect society)
and eat your fill wheresoever you like, but do not approach this tree (deeds and thinking),
or you will become iniquitous."
20. But the rebellious, the side distanced from progress (shaitan) suggested (evil) to them, in
order to reveal their hidden parts of which they were not aware (till then), and said: "Your
Sustainer has forbidden you (to go near) this tree that you may not become ones in power
or immortal."
21. Then he said to them on oath: "I am your sincere friend;"
22. And led them (to the thoughts) by deceit. When they tasted (the fruit/result) of the
tree(deed) their disgrace became exposed to them; and they patched the leaves of the
Hidden Garden (perfect consciousness and society) to hide it. And the Sustainer said to
them: "Did I not forbid you this tree (deed, thinking)? And I told you that the rebellious,
the side distanced from progress (shaitan) (inner lusts, straying ego‟s) was your open enemy.
23. They said: "O our Sustainer, we have wronged ourselves. If You do not forgive us and
have mercy upon us, we shall certainly be lost."
24. "Go," said God, "one the antagonist of the other, and live on the earth for a time
ordained, and fend for yourselves.
25. You will live there, and there will you die," He said, "and be raised from there (On the
Day of New Creation)."
26. O children of Adam, We have revealed to you a dress that would both hide your
nakedness(weakness) and be an adornment, but the raiment of piety is best. This is one of
the tokens of God: You may haply reflect.
27. O sons of Adam, let not the opponent, rebellious, the side distanced from progress and
from God (shaitan) beguile you as he did your parents out of Hidden Garden (perfect
consciousness and society), and made them disrobe to expose their disgrace to them. For he
and his host can see you from where you cannot see them. We have made the opponents, the
ones distanced from righteousness, Truth, Reality, God, progress (shaitan) the friends of
those who do not believe.
So Iblis is used to explain this side of man, it will not serve mankind:

11. Verily We created you and gave you form and shape, and ordered the ones in power to
be of service to Adam (mankind); and they all bowed but the desperate and frustrated
side(Iblis), who was not among those who being subservient (sujood) (served mankind for
the better).
And Shaitan is used when Iblis is at work:

20. But the rebellious, the side that is distanced from progress (shaitan) suggested (evil) to
them, in order to reveal their hidden parts of which they were not aware (till then), and
said: "Your Sustainer has forbidden you (to go near) this tree that you may not become
ones in power or immortal."
This is also an interesting one on how to fit in the understanding of jinn together with
shaitan/iblis:

18:50. When We said to the ones in control: "Serve (sjudoo) Adam (mankind) in homage,"
they all served and obeyed (sjudoo) but the desperate side (Iblis). He was one of the things
concealed to man‟s senses and rebelled against his Sustainer's command. And yet you take
him and his offspring (results of these lusts, emotions) as your friends (dearer) instead of
Me, even though they are your enemies. How sad a substitute for the evil-doers!
So what is Iblis? What did all of these verses tell us till now? It is called a malikah, one with
authority, power and control. And in the context of these verses, the malikah here refer to the
creation. So Iblis is part of the creation, Iblis means someone desperate, deprivation,
hopelessness , frustration, Person of desperate character, struck dumb with despair. In 7:12 it
refers to having false pride and thinking to be superior over other things. It is created to err in
7:16. It is the desperate side created inside man which has control and power over us, and will
not bow to us, to help us reach a higher stage of existence. It is concealed from sense‟s, jinn. It is
referred as being made out of fire. Fire is a state of energy that can take large molecules and
make them separate to react with others, and become smaller molecules. Also fire can spread
uncontrollably and can almost use anything as fuel. Very interesting definition. It coincides
perfectly with our desperate and frustrated side, which takes apart Truth and logic, mixes it with
illusion. It can use almost anything to be ignited if we allow it. In a state of despair and
frustration, anything can be used as a reason to be angry or sad. And when Iblis is in use, it is
called shaitan, something that will distance us from God and our fulfillment, it is rebellious and
our opponent, our enemy.
[17:61-65]

61. When We asked the ones in control to serve (sjudoo) Adam (mankind), they all served
but the desperate and frustrated side (Iblis), who said: "Can I serve him whom You created
from inorganic matter?"
62. (And) said: "Look! This is what you have honored above me(I control the human not
the other way around)! If You defer (my term) till the Day of New Creation, I will bring his
progeny into complete subjugation, barring a few."
63. (And God) said: "Away! Whosoever of them follows you will surely have Jahannam
with you as requital -- an ample recompense.
64. Mislead any of them you may with your voice, attack them with your cavalry and
soldiers on foot, share their wealth and children with them, and make promises to them." --
But the promises of the rebellious side is nothing but deceit.
65. "You will surely have no power over My devotees: Your Lord is sufficient as their
protector."
This link between jinn=fire and humans=matter, is to always be found together. As shows that
only the concealed things, the inner sides of the psyche, that were created with mankind (See for
scientific evidence on creation out of clay, at the end of the article), are made out of fire,
symbolically referring to the nature of these desires, emotions and ego, what we refer to as the
destructive side of man. See also; 55:14-15, 38:71-85. Explaining thus, that it is only this jinn ,
Iblis, that is made out of fire, and not all jinns mentioned in the Quran. This is really important if
we want to move on to understand the other uses for Jinn inside the Quran. As can been seen as
how the sjeitan/iblis is used in the Quran, that it are perfect examples of how the ego and bad
emotions as lust, hate and anger work. Also one of the important clues is verse 21:37, where the
term; “KHULIQAL insanu MIN „ajal”, literaly means; “He created man out of haste”.
Whereas the clear understanding is: „Man has been created with a tendency to be hasty and
looking for instant gains or results’. Such is the case with “KHULAQAL jaanna MIN marijin
MIN naar”; “He created the concealed sides of man with a fiery disposition(fire)”.
As we look at the behaviour of “shaitan” as given in the Quran, you can see clearly the
correlation between ego, lusts, desires and so on:
-We must learn to kill our ego‟s, evil sides: 2:54, 12:53, 38:26
-We can worship the ego and desires, as shaitan/iblis is exactly described: 2:87, 5:30, 25:43,
45:23, 47:14-16
-Makes use of intoxicants and other addictive, illusive acts:5:90, 58:10
-How it adorns your acts: 6:43, 8:48, 16:63, 29:38
-Is your companion: 43:36-39
-Breaks promises, as it always lures you into temporally acts that will only end up in it being
illusion and fruitless: 4:120, 14:22, 17:64, 25:29

4:119. And mislead them and tempt them, and order them to slit the ears of animals; and
order them to alter God's creation." He who holds the opponent, enemy, slanderer, the
distanced side (Shaitan=straying ego) as friend in place of God will assuredly be damned to
perdition.
120. Whatever the promises he makes, whatever the desires he enkindles, and whatever the
hopes the rebellious side rouses in them, are no more than delusion.
-It causes you to forget: 5:91, 6:68, 18:63
-It will denounce its real influence, as you are the one who lures yourself into accepting it as your
guide: 14:22, 59:16

14: 22. When the reckoning is over the opponent, enemy and slanderer (straying ego) will
say: "The promise that was made to you by God was indeed a true promise; but I went
back on the promise I had made, for I had no power over you except to call you; and you
responded to my call. So blame me not, but blame yourselves. Neither can I help you nor
can you give me help. I disavow your having associated me earlier (with God). The
punishment for those who are wicked is painful indeed."
-Itself is a submitter to God, as it, as all creation, fears Him: 59:16
-Instills fear: 3:175
-Makes people tamper with Revelations: 22:52
-Leads people from the Truth: 25:29, 58:19
-Is calls man‟s worst enemy: 2:208, 7:22, 12:5, 17:53, 20:117, 28:15, 35:6, 36:60, 43:62
-Misleads: 4:60, 119, 36:62, 38:82
-It has no power over believers as they can control their desires, ego and aggressions: 15:40-42,
16:99, 17:65, 34:21, 38:83
-It has no real power:34:21

34: 20-21. Thus the desperate and frustrated side (Iblis) found his supposition about them
to be true; and except for a section of believers they follow him. He had no authority over
them save for the purpose of Our knowing who believed in the world to come, and who
doubted it. For your Sustainer keeps a watch over everything. Say: "Call on those you
imagine are idols apart from God. They are not masters even of an atom's weight in the
heavens and the earth, nor do they have a share in them, nor is any one of them a helper (of
God).
-Choosing for your desires, makes you belong to them: 58:19
-Creating wedges between people: 12:100, 17:53
-It will only have power over those who let them rule them, when they reject the Truth: 15:39,
42-43, 16:100, 34:20, 58:19
-We need to remind ourselves of our ego, to protect ourselves against it: 3:36, 16:98, 23:97-98
-It provokes you: 5:90-91
-it whispers in our mind: 7:20, 200-201, 20:120, 23:97-98, 41:36, 59:16, 114:4-6
All these are true attributes of our straying ego, desires and strong emotions, the destructive side
of man, as doubt, animosity, greed, hate and anger. That all can lead us astray. These are
concealed (jinn) attributes of our consciousness, and hard to control. Some also talk as well about
humans as about your own ego, but it is always their ego that made the other humans become
opponents of the Truth.

47: 14. Can one who stands on a clear proof from his Lord, be like one enamored of his evil
deeds and follows his inane desires?
God gives here a connection with jinn=not seen, concealed (for human senses), and ego.

45:23 Have you seen the one who took his ego as his god, and God led him astray, despite
his knowledge, and He sealed his hearing and his heart, and He made a veil on his eyes?
Who then can guide him after God? Will you not remember?
One important note is also, that humans and other things can be called shaitan. Again a proof,
Iblis refers to the rebellious side, as the Quran never says, humans can be Iblis. For example let‟s
translate shaitan in verse 5:90:
Translated as Shaitan being Iblis at work:
“O you who believe, intoxicants, and gambling, and altars, and arrows of chance are tools
of affliction used by the rebellious side (shaitan). You shall avoid him so that you may be
successful.”
Translated as humans being shaitan:
“O you who believe, intoxicants, and gambling, and altars, and arrows of chance are tools
of affliction used by the ones distanced from progress (shaitan). You shall avoid him so that
you may be successful.”
So one who uses something of the mentioned above, is themselves distanced from progress, God
and Truth. This works with a lot verses, where multiple things fit, which is the beauty of Arabic
and especially an open mind.
Other meanings of Jinn inside the Quran.

6:112. That is how We have made for each apostle opponents, the satans among men and
jinns, who inspire one another with deceitful talk. But if your Lord had willed they would
not have done so. Pay no attention to them and to what they fabricate.

Without titles:

6:112. That is how We have made for each apostle opponents, the slanderers, the ones
distant from God (shaitan) among the people/mankind and the concealed/rarely
seen/covered in darkness(jinns), who inspire one another with deceitful talk. But if your
Lord had willed they would not have done so. Pay no attention to them and to what they
fabricate.
In this verse, jinn refers to peoples, ones that are rarely or even never seen of the peoples as well
the ego and desires. This can be a lot of different kinds of people. From people working for the
government in secret, rulers of nations, people who are not out in the open, doing their business
for everybody to see, people in jungles, nomads, foreigners. Hermits, monks, rulers of religious
groups. Religious leaders that are long dead. The list is long, but it is clear who falls under this
group, and who does not.(see also the explanation with verse 27:17)
Another verse:

6:100 And they made partners with God from among the concealed/not seen/rarely
seen/covered in darkness, while He had created them. And they invented for Him sons and
daughters without them having any knowledge! Be He glorified and far above what they
describe.
Here it can refer to the deification of the feelings and emotions humans can have, as told in the
beginning, was common practice, and still is. And making them idols, as compeers to God. Who
as He says, is the One who created those feelings. And also here can it mean, all powers unseen
to man, as from wind to laws and forces of Nature, deceased people, like dead ancestors,
prophets, people in power as chiefs or dictators and so on, everything people can see as idols,
everything that falls under the category: not seen/concealed/rarely seen by the peoples. As like in
Egypt and Sumeria for example, the ancient kings were made gods, as Osiris and Marduk, as they
are covered in darkness of time. Also religious leaders from the past, that concocted doctrines
still followed, but are themselves covered in darkness, through death and time. Which all
perfectly coincides with the meaning in this verse. And more can be found. As this verse also
explains one of the main interpretations:

25:43 Have you seen the one who has taken his ego as his idol? Will you be a caretaker over
him?
6:128 And an Era (when) we gather them all: "O assemblies of concealed/not seen/covered
in darkness , you have managed to take many humans." Their supporters from the humans
said: "Our Sustainer, Master, we have indeed enjoyed one another, and we have reached
our destiny to which You delayed us." He said: "The Fire is your dwelling, in it you shall
abide eternally, except as your Lord wishes." Your Lord is Wise, Knowledgeable.
Here, it refers to the straying ego and desires that led people astray, and made them residents. As
it is the main reason why all the people, of societies as well as from people not directly in/part of
it, of Jahannam ended up there. Here the reference, also to enjoying each other, enjoying the
desires and ego‟s, as they feed each other, and is thus meant metaphorically from that
perspective. It refers here to rulers of nations and religious groups. People working in secret
behind the scenes of politics. And also can refer to the people of the past who made up doctrines
that the people later still followed. As again the people of the past, laying in darkness, and are not
seen. Many things.
[6:129-132]

It is such that We make the wicked as supporters to one another for what they had earned.
"O you assemblies of concealed/rarely seen ones and people, did not messengers come to
you from amongst you and relate to you My revelations, and warn you of the meeting of
this Era?" They said: "Yes, we bear witness upon ourselves;" and the worldly life deceived
them, and they bore witness on themselves that they were rejecters. That is because your
Lord was not to destroy any town because of its wickedness while its people were unaware.
As the Quran never mentions the jinn having any Book received, as well that, if they were
mythological creatures, it is weird both jinn and people are be to given the Quran, that the Quran
is for both groups, and that there are only human messengers mentioned inside of it. Also only
examples of history, laws and advises of mankind, meant only for mankind and not for the
mythological invisible spirits. Where are the invisible spirits prophets? Where are the laws for the
invisible spirits? Why aren‟t they mentioned in the Quran? As this goes against logic, as well as
there is a much better answer for it. Here ins is used for the people, as opposite of jinns, people
not direct living in those societies, as living in small villages, nomads, living in jungles, bums,
hermits, monks and nuns, people working behind the scenes of government, and anything that
falls under normally concealed/not seen/rarely seen in the society, by the people. And thus the
Quran again explains itself, what is meant in this verse with jinn. As it directly talks to intelligent
beings as receiving the message. And still also can in a metaphorically sense, talk also using jinn
as for the ego, desires, emotions and fantasies and so on, as not being obedient to the Truth.

7:38 He said: "Enter with the multitude of nations before you from human societies/people
and the not seen/rarely see to the Fire (of stagnation)!" Every time a nation entered, it
cursed its sister nation, until they are all gathered inside it; then the last of them says to the
first: "Our Sustainer, these are the ones who have misguided us, so give them double the
retribution of the Fire!" He replied: "Each will receive double, but you do not know."
7:179 And We have committed to Jahannam many not seen/rarely seen ones and mankind;
they had hearts with which they did not comprehend, and they had eyes with which they
did not see, and they had ears with which they did not hear. They are like cattle; no, they
are even more astray. These are the unaware ones.
Here it again in the first sense talk directly of intelligent beings, who have hearts and senses to
comprehend and not comprehend the Truth, and are compared as ignorant followers, as cattle.
Being unaware of their straying and their being slaves to their leaders, ego, desires, emotions,
fantasies and evil side. So this would refer to humans who are rarely seen; monks, rulers of
nations and religious groups, people working behind the scenes and so on.

11:118-119 And had your Sustainer wished, He could have made all mankind one nation,
but they still would continue to disagree. Except whom your Lord, Sustainer has mercy
upon, and for that He has created them. And the word of your Lord came true: "I will fill
Hell with the concealed/not seen/rarely seen and Mankind together!"
If we look at the surrounding verses, it does talk about all mankind, and by thus here, it can mean
again people concealed/not seen directly/rarely seen in society, as well as the desires and so on.

17:88-89 Say: "If all the mankind and the concealed/not seen/rarely seen (by the people)
were to gather/unify to bring a Quran like this, they could not come with its
like/similarity/equal ness, even if they were helping/supporting one another." And We have
cited to mankind in this Quran of every example, but most of mankind refuse to be
anything but a rejecter of Truth!
I think we can draw here the same conclusions as with the above examples of 7:179 and
11:118-119. That it can refer to as well humans as ego, desires, fantasies and so on, that can fall
under the concept of making a writing as compared to the Quran.

27: 10. “Throw away your asa." When he saw it vibrate like a jinn he turned his back and
fled without turning (to look). "O Moses," (said the voice), "be not fearful. Surely those sent
as messengers do not fear in My presence. "

Asa can mean multiple things, it is normaly translated with staff/cane, but the overall meaning is
a state of oneness. It is also used for a community, strength, that which supports, truth or
conviction. So I would translate it like this:

27: 10. “Throw away your conviction." When he saw it vibrate like something rarely seen
he turned his back and fled without turning (to look). "O Moses," (said the voice), "be not
fearful. Surely those sent as messengers do not fear in My presence. "

This verse again shows beautifully that if you translate the word jinn, instead of leaving it in
Arabic, making it a title, you get a clear meaning. Moses had to throw away his old convictions,
and view of the truth. He perceived the Real Truth as something incredible, and was scared of it.
Interesting is that one of the names of God is Haqq, Truth and Reality. And He says in this verse:
"be not fearful. Surely those sent as messengers do not fear in My presence. " So it can be
interpretated that it was the Truth that shook Moses.

The jinns of Solomon.

These next verses are very important as to prove the right understanding of how the word jinn, is
meant differently throughout the Quran. First let‟s read the verses:
[27:16-19]

16. Solomon was heir to David, and he said: "O people, we have been taught the language of
Tair, and have been given of everything. This is a clear favour indeed."
17. His armies of jinns (nomads, tribes, people from rarely seen societies) and men and Tair
assembled, formed into ranks, (and marched)
18. Till they reached the Valley of Naml. Said the lady of Naml: "O Naml, go into your
dwellings lest Solomon and his hordes should crush you unawares."
19. (Solomon) smiled, amused at her speech, and said: "O Lord grant me that I should be
grateful for the favours You have bestowed on me and my parents, and do good things of
Your pleasing; and admit me among Your righteous devotees by Your grace."

The story of the ants and the bird is very intriguing. It has 2 approaches which will be given here.
Since words have more then one meaning or background it is interesting what people choose
sometimes, and have a distorted idea of a meaning. The Arabic naml, means ants, but was also
the name of a tribe in Syria, even ibn Kathir who is so wrong on 80% of his explanations on the
Quran, noted this fact. In his tafseer, he identifies, namlat, the lady of Naml, as belonging to the
tribe of Banu Shisan. So it is the tribe that was scared of Solomon's army. Also on the story of the
'bird' that comes in the verses after that, the arabic word hud-hud, means hoopoe, but again was
also the name of a South Yemen tribe, and men were often named after their tribes as well as
birds. The King of Himjar was called Hoedad; in the Bible, the king of Syria is called Ben Hadad
(see 1 Kings 15:18). Also a very important notion is the fact that the bird Hoopoe is not build for
long flights, and that Solomon would threaten a small bird with such a punishment, as cutting the
throat of such a small bird is a precise job. Tair is commonly used for birds, but is also applied to
non-winged beings, tayyar means fleet-flooted horse, and at-tairan is metaphorically used for
marching to jihad. When Solomon says that they had been taught the language of tair, he uses the
word mantiq which is used for human speech or logic, and man alone of all created beings is
called haivani-natiq, speaking animal, the language of birds is called saut. The intention behind
the use of tair, as of jinn cannot be disregarded. The Tair were a conquered tribe or race and
Solomon had knowledge of their language. Important note is that Solomon clearly says, that
everyone of his people was taught the language Tair, not just him. So it can‟t denote a „prophet‟s
miracle‟ as this is the traditional view. Similarly jinns applies here to the nomadic tribes many of
whom were recruited by the king of Tyre for Solomon, (see the Bible, chapter Kings 1,5.) So they
were called not seen ones, because they came from a land and people that were not seen
normally. So it refers to where they come from, not the direct situation of if they were seen or not
seen at that moment by Solomon and his people. And by thus refers to foreigner/stranger. So
their country and people are jinn for Solomon and his people, making them called jinns. It was by
the hand of Hud-hud that brought the letter(kitab=writing) to Sheba, and he was the one who
brought the throne to Solomon, here we have to understand that in the Quran, all the thrones
mentioned is used symbolic, as with the Throne of God, meaning the Power/authority of God,
same is here, where Solomon was brought knowledge about the 'power', or as to say how her
government, how her power was in her kingdom.
[27:20-41]

20. When he reviewed the Tair, he said: "How is it I do not see Hud-hud? Is he absent?
21. I will punish him severely, or cut his throat, unless he bring a valid excuse."
22. But he was not long in coming, and reported: "I have been around where you have not
been. I come from Saba with positive news. […..]
27. (Solomon) said: 'We shall see if you speak the truth or you are a liar.
28. Take this letter from me, and deliver it to them and withdraw, then see what reply they
give in return."[….]
36. So, when the envoys came to Solomon he said: "Do you wish to increase my wealth? Yet
what God has given me is better than what He has given you. No. Be gratified in your
present.
37. Go back to them. We shall soon come with our armies which they will not be able to
face. We shall drive them out of (the land) with ignominy, and they will be humbled."
38. He (then) said (to his courtiers): "O you nobles, is there any one who can bring me her
throne before they come to me in submission?"
39. A crafty jinn (intelligent person, tribesman, person of leadership) said: "I will bring it
before you rise from your seat, for I am strong and trustworthy."
40. But one who had knowledge of the letter, said: "I will bring it to you in the twinkling of
an eye." When Solomon saw it before him, (he said): "This is by the grace of my Lord that
He may test me whether I am grateful or I am thankless. Yet if one is grateful, he is grateful
for himself, and if one is thankless, then surely my Lord is unconcerned and
magnanimous."
41. (Turning to his nobles) he said: "Change the appearance of her throne. Let us see if she
is rightly guided, or is not guided at all."
This understanding clearly changes again the whole concept and understanding of jinn, and
proves the word is used differently, based on the context. It is interesting to note the power of
suggestion as a lot of the claimed powers of the mythological invisible spirits, come from these
verses. As here the jinn says that he will bring the throne in a blink of an eye, and by thus people
believe the jinn are as fast as light. When in normal life, people would say this, no-one will
believe you do it in a blink of an eye, they know it is just an expression. But with the expressions
used in the Quran, people do take it seriously. This contradicting behavior with interpretation can
be seen with a lot of interpretations of the Quran. Here the jinn says, „I‟ll bring it before you rise
from your seat‟, which is clearly just meant as an expression.
But as explained, tair can also mean cavalry, mantiq means logic, and Hud-hud being one of
importance. Jinn can also refer to leaders, and here it is used for the leader of cavalry. I agree
with the translation of Dr.Shabbir also being possible and probably be the most logical one:
[27:16-41]

16. Solomon was David‟s heir in continuation of Allah‟s Revelation. He said, "O People! We
have been given a great cavalry of ready horses with the best knowledge of training them,
and given every blessing. This evidently is a great Bounty on our nation.” (Solomon ruled as
King from 965 to 926 B.C.)
17. Solomon‟s army included warrior tribes of the woods and the mountains, dwellers of
townships, and great riders of the tribe of Taer. They were well disciplined, and dedicated
to any appointed mission.
18. Once (when Solomon was on an expedition to the South), they came upon the valley
ruled by Queen An-Naml. The Queen, (realizing the power of Solomon), ordered her
armies, “Go back in your barracks, lest Solomon and his armies crush you without knowing
that we are a peaceful tribe.”
19. Solomon smiled joyously at her words and said, "My Lord! Enable me to be grateful for
your blessings upon me and my parents. Enable me to work for the betterment of humanity
and thus please You. Include me, by Your Grace, among your righteous servants."
20. (Leaving the peaceful tribe of An-Naml alone, Solomon marched forward.) As he
examined the cavalry, he said, “How is it that I do not see the commander Al-hoodhood, the
Hoopoe? Is he one of the absentees?”
21. (Absconding from the marching army was a breach of discipline.) Solomon said,
"Unless the commander presented a good reason I would punish him or demote him to a
low rank."
22. But before long Al-hoodhood showed up. (He was coming back from a reconnaissance
mission to the Kingdom of Queen Bilqis, Sheba). He said, "I have come with the latest news,
some important and reliable information from the land of Sheba that you are not aware
of.” (Their armies were planning an expedition towards the North).
23. “Behold, the country is ruled by a Queen who has been given everything and she has a
tremendous throne.”
24. "I found her and her people worshiping the sun instead of Allah. Their ego makes them
think that they are doing right. Satan (the priesthood of the Sun Temple) hinders them
from the Right Path. So they cannot find the Right Way."
25. "They do not understand that they must adore Allah Who brings forth from His Unseen
treasures in the heavens and the earth, and Who knows all that you hide and declare."
26. "(They need to know that) there is no god but Allah, the Lord of the Supreme Control.”
27. Solomon listened to the report and decided to carry out further investigation to
ascertain the truth. Said he, "We shall see whether you have told the truth or are one of the
liars."
28. (He gave a letter to the Commander of the cavalry to take to the court of Sheba, and to
watch their response), "Go with this letter of mine and make sure you convey it to them,
and then come back with the answer they give." [….]
38. (When Solomon found out that the Queen was coming), he said, “O Chiefs! Which one
of you can present the best plan to get her throne before they come to me surrendering?”
(1500 miles between Ma'arib, the capital of Sheba to Jerusalem.)
39. One of the strong commanders of the mountain division said, "My troops can
accomplish this mission with lightening speed, before you rise up to think of and assign
anyone else. Behold, I am competent and trustworthy for this job."
40. Another powerful commander, who had knowledge of the
correspondence, said, "I can accomplish the mission even sooner, before your gaze returns
to you (before you having to rethink)." (Solomon dispatched the forces, and the mission was
smoothly accomplished. The Queen‟s throne was brought to Jerusalem before she arrived
and) he saw it set in his presence. He said, "This success is a blessing from my Lord, that He
may try me whether I am grateful or ungrateful. Whoever is grateful is grateful for his own
good, and whoever is ungrateful, should know that my Lord is Self-Sufficient, Supremely
Honorable.”
[34:12-14]

12. We (subjugated) the wind to Solomon. Its morning's journey took one month, and the
evening's one month. We made a spring of molten brass to flow for him; and many jinns
(tribesman, intelligent people, fantasies(all are rarely or not seen)) laboured for him by the
will of his Lord. Anyone of them who turned from Our command was made to taste the
torment of blazing fire.
13. They made for him whatever he wished, synagogues and statues, dishes large as
water-troughs, and cauldrons firmly fixed (on ovens; and We said): "O House of David, act,
and give thanks." But few among My creatures are thankful.
14. When We decreed death for him (Solomon), nothing showed his death to the rarely seen
ones (Rulers of other nations, the people who worked in his government, Tribesmen, Priests,
Leaders of his army) until a creature of the earth ate away the strength he had mustered.
When the power base fell, the Wild Tribes rebelled regretting that they should have done it
sooner only if they knew the new unjust King. (The „creature of the earth‟ was the highly
incompetent son Rehoboam, and successor of Solomon 38:34. Historically, ten of the
Israelite Tribes also broke away from the Kingdom at that point).
Other meanings of jinn.
32:13 Had We intended We could have given every Self its guidance; but inevitable is My
word that I will fill up Jahannam with men and the things concealed for human sense‟s
together.
Here is it again mankind and it‟s ego, desires and everything that has no place in Heavenly
experience, as in my best understanding. And also, legends, like referring mankind, as what is
alive now, people who are still alive to be ´seen´, and the deceased people of the past. Explaining
thus maybe, that the mankind in the Quran is used in the way, of speaking to the people who are
alive to hear the Quran, and the jinn as the people who are concealed through death now.
[34:40-42]

40. The day He will gather all of them together, He will ask the the ones in control(powers
of Creation, Laws of Nature): "Did they worship you?"
41. "God forbid!" (they will answer). "You are our protector not they. In fact, they
worshipped the concealed things/ones/rarely seen/covered by darkness. Most of them
believed in them."
42. That day you will have no power to profit or harm each other; and We shall say to the
sinners: "Taste the punishment of Fire which you had denied."
People worshiped here the personifications as idols, as well as in just following their inner
desires/fantasies as they were idols, and also ancestors, dead people out of legends, religious
leaders, kings and rulers, forces. The ´not seen´ category is big. Worshiping them as wanting
nothing else. This behavior is given out through the Quran.

37:158. They link Him with the ones concealed by lineage, yet the concealed ones know they
will be brought before Him.
159.God is too glorious for what they ascribe to Him 160.Except His chosen creatures who
do not.161. So neither you nor those you worship 162. Can mislead anyone away from Him,
Again, referring to the worship of their ego‟s, fantasies (made-up idols) and desires, unseen
forces of Nature, dead prophets and peoples and so on.

45:23 Have you seen the one who took his ego as his god, and God led him astray, despite
his knowledge, and He sealed his hearing and his heart, and He made a veil on his eyes?
Who then can guide him after God? Will you not remember?
41:25. We had assigned to them close companions who made their past and present look
attractive to them; and the fate that had once befallen the communities of the concealed/of
rarely seen ones and people before them was justified upon them. They were indeed bound
to perish.
It is clear it talks about beings, as well directly of ego‟s or desires, as it refers to the communities
perishing, which both can mean physical and non-physical. Also the notion on jinn, here referring
to the people of the past, as legends, religious leaders and so on. And the people before even
those who are legends now.

41:29. Those who disbelieve will say: "O Lord, show us those among the concealed ones and
mankind who had led us astray that we may trample them underfoot and make them
wholly abject."
Again, multiple interpretations possible, as they all fit, as it can refer to as well beings, parts of
human nature, dead prophets, ancestors, forces of nature and so on. And giving an interesting
notion again, that the word ins, used here in the Quran, for the present people, as the jinn for the
people covered by darkness, as in being dead.

46:17. But he who says to his parents: "Shame on you: You intimidate me that I will be
resurrected when many generations will have passed before me?" And (the parents) would
implore God's help: "Woe to you. You better believe. The promise of God is certainly
true." Yet he answers: "These are only fables of long ago."
18. They are those on whom the sentence of God would be justified as on communities of
not seen/rarely seen and people before them. They will surely perish.19. Each will have a
position in accordance with his deeds; and no wrong will be done to them.
Here I believe, it refers more to jinns being humans, but it can also be taken metaphorically, as
again, the destructive inner bad desires will perish.
[46:29-32]

29. And (remember), when We turned a company of not seen ones (nomads,hermits)
towards you to listen to the Qur'an, they arrived when it was being recited, and they said:
"Keep silent." When it was over they came back to their people, warning them:
30. "O our people:" they said: "we have listened to a Book which has come down after
Moses, confirming what was (sent down) before it, showing the way to the truth and a path
that is straight.
31. O our people, hearken to the summoner of God, and believe in him, so that He may
forgive you your sins and save you from a painful doom.
32. He who does not listen to the summoner of God cannot weaken (the power of) God on
earth, nor will he have protectors other than Him. They are clearly in the wrong."
It directly refers to them learning from the Quran, as well Muhammed seeing them, the Quran
only comes as a message for Mankind, and that certain jinns, concealed ones are also, considered
as humans. And by thus proven again, that the word jinn is not a title, but a word that has to be
translated and seen in the context of the verses. These jinns were nomads or travelers, munks or
hermits from monasteries that were scattered all around Arabia.

51:56 I did not create the concealed/not seen ones and the humans except to serve Me.
This applies to as well human rulers, kings, people of authority in society, intelligent people, men
with outstanding abilities, nomads, jungle people, human emotions, inner desires, fantasies and
unseen powers of Nature etc. Because everything serves the creation. As well again, it pointing to
people of the past and the people of now, the jinns and the ins.

55:33 O assemblies of concealed/not seen ones/rarely seen and humans, if you can penetrate
the outer limits of the heavens/skies and the Earth‟s regions, then go ahead and penetrate.
You will not penetrate without authority.
Here it can refer to fantasies in a positive manner, intelligent people and other people „not seen‟
in the populated societies. That will be part of developing higher sciences. Also it has to be
remembered that most of the people developing such technology, work on military bases, and are
not part of normal society for years, they are „concealed‟ for most people of society. Working and
living in secret. As we now, through the history of the space programs of Russia and America. If
we take this verse meaning that. Also can it refer to higher thinking, our thoughts going beyond
ideas we have know, applying to jinn as fantasies. As for both, space-program as higher thinking,
takes power/authority.

55:39 On that Day, no more questioning is asked of human or concealed ones as to his sins.
Clear enough for me, this refers primarily to human beings, rulers, intelligent people.

55:56.In them are attendants with a splendid look, unknown before by any human or
concealed/not seen ones.
55:74 No human has ever touched them, nor concealed/not seen one.
In both translations, Jinn can mean as well humans, as fantasies, taking touched/unknown
metaphorically. As no fantasy has ever touched them.
[72:1-16]

1. It has been inspired to me that a group of (normally) not seen(nomads, hermits, monks,
travelers) were listening." They said: "We have heard a magnificent Quran!
2. Which guides to the right path; and we have come to believe in it, and will not associate
any one with our Lord.
3. Exalted is the glory of our Lord; He has neither wife nor son.
4. Certainly the foolish among us say preposterous things of God.
5. We had in fact thought that societies and normally not seen (nomads) would never speak
a lie about God,
6. But some men used to seek refuge with some concealed ones (nomads, hermits, monks,
straying ego‟s), and this increased their waywardness;
7. So they began to think, even as you do, that God would not resurrect any one.
8. We sought to pry into the secrets of the heavens (making horoscopes, astrology), but
found it full of fierce guards and shooting flames.
9. We sat in observatories to „listen‟; but any one who listened found a shooting star in wait
for him (it will work against them). 10. We do not know if this means ill for the dwellers of
the earth, or their Lord wishes guidance for them.
11. For some of us are upright and some otherwise: Surely we follow different ways.
12. We realized that we could not weaken the power of God on earth, nor outpace Him by
running away.
13. So when we heard the guidance we believed in it; and he who believes in his Lord will
neither fear loss nor force.
14. Some of us have come to submission, and some of us are iniquitous.'" Those who have
submitted have taken the right course;
15. But those who are iniquitous will be fuel for Hell.
16. (Say): "If they keep to the right path We shall give them water in abundance to drink
17. In order to try them through it. But whoever turns away from the remembrance of his
Lord, will be given increasing torment by Him."
This clear enough, as it directly refers to the nomads, hermits, travelers living in the time of
Muhammed. At that moment they were seen by the prophet, so there status of being jinn, doesn‟t
always refer to the direct situation, but to the normal situation. Normally these people were not
seen by Muhammed and his people, and by thus carry the title jinn, rarely seen. That told about
the Quran, when they got back to their people. Here they also refer to human activity of telling
fortunes through the stars, and acknowledging that it will only work against them. Describing
themselves, as some of us good, some of us bad. There is my vision, no doubt that here jinn is
meant as the persons normally not seen, the nomads, hermits, monks. That they were most likely
Followers of Jesus can be seen by verse 72:3: ´Exalted is the glory of our Lord; He has neither
wife nor son.´
Sura 114

In the name of God, the Almighty, the Most Merciful

Say: "I seek refuge with the Lord of mankind,"

"The King of mankind,"

"The God of mankind,"
"From the evil of the sneaking whisperer,"
Who whispers into the chests of mankind,"
"From among the concealed ones and mankind."
Here again it can refer to human jinns as well as evil concealed senses, thoughts and so on. Also
even people from the past, as asking to protect against lies from the past.

Conclusion.
I have tried my best to give make an as clear answer as I can from the Quran itself. I believe, I
have proven that the word jinn, doesn‟t has a fixed meaning, as it is depended on the context of
the verses. We have come across the meanings as ego, desires, fantasies, bad/evil thoughts,
emotions as hate, anger. Humans living out of direct view of the more populated societies, as
nomads, people living in jungles. People working behind the scenes in politics, rulers of nations
or religious groups, intelligent people that live secluded. Monks, nuns, hermits. Bums, top
criminals, people living maybe in a city, but are not part of its system. People living in secluded
villages or societies and so on. People of the past, legends. Ancestors, imaginary idols, peerless
people. More ideas can come up, as the word jinn is versatile in its applying. But I hope to have
broken the myth of the invisible spirits, as these are not given in the Quran. I admit, they are also
not denied, as they can fall under the term hidden, but there has been no verses given at all, that
give any clue of their existence. The rule I applied here, is looking for the meanings of words,
through text analysis, instead of applying given fixed title meanings, is in my eyes, the true key to
the Quran, the Reading, as it will give wider understandings, in words as Djenna, Jahannam,
mailik-ah and so on. More research must be done, may God accept this work. All faults are of my
own. May this be the start…..
Evolution:

Here is an comment by one of Holland's important scholars, Professor dr. Stephen B.J.Menken,
Chief Evolution biologist of Amsterdam University:

"With the making of the first step to the primal soup which contains all basic elements for life to a
living organism, we stumble upon a lot of problems. One of the problems is the UV-radiation of
the sun. We are protected by our skin and the earth's ozonlayer from the worst radiation. The
young earth didn't have a protecting ozonlayer, so the UV-radiation reached freely the
atmosphere and the top water layers. A second problem is that the most simple organic
substances can move in all directions in a watery substance. For life to emerge, it is necessary
that the substances remain together, a third problem is the sensitivity of DNA and RNA, mainly
the carbonic-sugars, which brake apart easy.

There must have happened two things will the substances of the primal soup evolve to something
more complicating, to life. The substances must remain together and protected against harmful
influences from outside.[..] The second most important theory is that of the clay particles. These
particles are common on earth. They're layered, smaller then two micrometer and can bind all
organic molecules and make them react with each other. On the surface of the clay particles, can
by example, RNA been build up from simple molecules. Next to that, enhance the clay particles,
the forming of fatty-acids, in which an environment can evolve which is separated from the
outside world.[..] The walls of every cell, of plants, animals and fungi’s, are build up out of
double layered fatty-acids.[..] In a solution of fatty-acids together with clay particles, bindings
emerge of double layered fatty-acids.[...] If on the surface of the enclosed clay particles,
molecules get 'stuck', this can be most important for the origins of life, then by this theory can we
explain the build of the primitive cell."

Sources:
Harper Bible Dictionary
Tay ul-roos Arabic Dictionary
Raghib Arabic Dictionary
Lane‟s Arabic Dictionary
Dictionary of the Quran by A.M.Omar
Quran Translation by Ahmed Ali
Quran Translation by Dr.Shabbir Ahmed M.D.
Quran Translation by Freeminds Organisation
Quran Translation by Mohammed and Samira Ahmed

Djenna and Jahannam

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Djenna and Jahannam

Arnold Yasin Mol©
People are brought up with the concepts of heaven and hell, like it are physical places. But when
you study the subject, it shows that this is an old idea which was taken in by the muslims. Most
early commentators of the Quran, came from different backgrounds, Persian, Christian and so on,
and took in their concepts of Djenna and Gehenna in the interpretation. Instead of letting the
Quran explain itself, they already had a prenotion of the meanings. This preconcieved idea
became the overall meaning, and has clouded the true meaning.

The concept of a punishing God which must be pleased is as old as humanity. If you go against
Him, you will punished, if you do what He says, He will „forgive‟ you. How does this work
together with an all-mercifull God, which at the same time puts a gun at your head?
This is one of the oldest dilemma‟s in monotheistic faiths where at one side they proclaim a
mercifull God, and on the other hand a God who will punish you if you don‟t listen. It is like God
warns you not to put your hand in the fire, some people will neglect this, and put their hands in
the fire, so they burn themselves for their own stubborness, and because they didn‟t listen, God
will put their hand again in the fire? Because of these dilemma‟s i started to investigate more.
There are better books about this subject which encountered the same conclusions as i did, as
books by Parwez. So i tried to keep this a short introduction.
Introduction.
God has created us out of mercy, and this is His goal of our excistence:
11:119. Except whom your Lord has mercy upon; and for that He has created them.
Djenna means garden in foilage, which refers that the ground is covered by the trees. The trees
stand for the deeds, and the fruits for the results of those deeds, so djenna is the ground of your
conciousness. The ground of which your deeds(trees) grow. That we will keep on living is a fact
given in the Quran, but in the state we will live and live now, is called Jahannam or Djenna. So
first there must be a Djenna in the minds of people, before it can be in their surroundings.
Jahannam(arabic&hebrew)/Gehenna(greek) is an old valley south of Jerusalem, Ja=valley
Hannam=valley name. People used to be sacrificed there to idols, also the valley was used later
on as an execution ground for criminals and also a place were bodies and clothing were burned,
who had died of a contagious diseas. Also in Jesus's time it was still used for burning the rubbish
and garbage of Jerusalem. Which in itself gives the idea that Jahannam is made 'out of rubbish' or
illusion. That Gehenna has the same reference as Djenna, being the ground of conciousness, is
shown by the tree of bitterness( see 37:62, 64, 146; 44:43), where it represents an evil and
harmful deed, and it fruits represents the bad results. So again, it is the Jahannam in their minds
that causes the Jahannam in their surroundings.

So it are metaphors for a certain states of mind, to be an idolator, criminal and so on, you have to
be in a certain state of mind to think like that. Jahannam is the over-all name for those states of
mind which lead to destruction of the Self or Soul. No one believes people will end up in the
valley south of Jerusalem in the Hereafter, everyone sees this as a metaphor, but why then do
people take the burning and fire literaly?

God already explains that the descriptions of Gehenna and Djenna are metaphors, allegories. (see
13:35 and 47:15)

When understanding the true meaning of yaumwedeen(see further up the article), the true
understanding of Jahannam and Djenna becomes clear that they are states of mind, as the people
of Jahannam can talk with the people of Djenna(7:44-50) but that there is a veil of difference
between the 2 states of mind(7:46), and that the people of Djenna don't feel the flames of
Jahannam because of the difference of thinking(21:102). Which refers to that the fires burn away
logic and truth.

Throughout the Quran, God gives us examples of ways of thinking. Think like this, and you
are/end up in Jahannam. A certain belief will create a certain state of mind, which again causes
certain deeds. Certain deeds or ways of thinking are directly connected with Djenna or Jahannam.
Like 'Those who are righteous attain Djenna', or 'Who disbelieves will be in Jahannam '. You see
a instant cause and effect, people fill in themselves that Djenna or Jahannam only comes after a
certain event as 'judgement day', but this is not what the message of these verses, no time limit is
given, it gives a direct cause with an instant effect. These verses show that Jahannam is
something that covers the mind:
104:6 A Fire kindled by Allah.
104:7 Which originates in, and engulfs, the hearts.
104:8 Verily, it closes upon them. (As they keep rejecting the Truth)
104:9 In extended columns.
To be in Djenna means to have the best deeds to get the best results in life. The tree of Adam and
spouse, was a deed that gave not the best result, and by thus, they were metaphorically thrown
out of this state of mind and experience(Djenna).
Jahannam and Djenna already excist here:

3:133 Move forward eagerly to the tranquil security that comes from your Lord, and to the
Paradise that transcends spatial boundaries, encompassing the Heavens and the Earth. It
has already been prepared for those who live upright. (Paradise is not confined to the
Heavens. Like Hell, it begins right here in this worldly life).
16:97 Whoever, whether male or female, does works that help others and is a believer, We
shall certainly cause them to live a good life, and We shall grant them the rewards
considering the best of their actions.
41:31 We are close to you in the life of the world and in the Hereafter. In it (in your
paradise on the earth and in the Hereafter) you shall have all that you may desire and in it
you shall have all that you ever prayed for.
And Jahannam is for example already given as:
6:42. And We have sent others to nations before you. We then took them with adversity and
hardship, perhaps they would implore.
So the punishment is for them to learn from, this concept will be explained later on with the use
of the word „fitnah‟ and „zaqum‟.
God says in the Quran that everyone will see Jahannam, which refers to that everyone has been in
that state of mind and experience, somewhere in their life(19:71).

Eternal punishment?
The purpose of this excistence is continious evolution:
39: 20. But those who reverence their Lord, they will have places constructed upon higher places,
with rivers flowing beneath them. God's promise, and God does not break the promise.
So is Jahannam then for eternity? Let‟s see the verses and words involved:
11:106 Now those who by their deeds brought misery on themselves will be in the Fire;
sighing and wailing will be their portion. (21:100).
11:107 Therein to abide, as long as the New Universe endures; that is time beyond count,
unless your Lord decrees otherwise. Your Lord is Doer of what He Wills in the World of
Command. (The current Universe will be dismantled for a new Universe 5:44, 14:48,
21:104, 25:22, 39:37, 69:16, 70:9).
As long God deems it neccesary, people will be in Jahannam. But look at the difference between
these verses above and the verse that comes after it:
11:108 The happy ones on that Day will enter the Garden and live there as long as the New
Universe endures, that is time beyond count; until your Lord opens for them the way to further
evolution, a gift unfailing.
With the verses about Jahannam, we don't see something like: 'a punishment unfailing'.
We only see this with Djenna: 'a gift unfailing'.
So Jahannam, will be somewhere in the evolution of the universe, to be left behind, as humankind
has learned enough not to be no more in that state of mind and experience. So everyone will be in
Djenna, and creating paradise in our lives. Which will go on forever, a true gift unfailing. But to
understand this better, we have to look at some more verses.
Here is a summary of the use of 'eternal' in the Quran, and shows it is used and only meant for as
long the condition is present, which indicates, as shown in 11:107-109 that hell is only there till a
certain moment, as only Djenna is approached as a gift unfailing, while Gehenna is not
mentioned as a punishment unfailing, this is a truly important difference, God doesn‟t forget and
just like He mentioned everything with a purpose, He also never neglects things without a
purpose.

All forms derived from the root of KHaLaDa (to be eternal, live forever, to remain for ever in
place, or to stay for long time, or life time) occur 87 times in the Quran. If my preliminary count
is correct, in 40 occurrences it describes the duration of reward in Djenna (2:25; 2:82; 3:15;
3:107; 3:136; 3:198; 4:13; 4:57; 4:122; 5:85; 5:119; 8:42; 9:22; 9:82; 9:89; 9:100; 10:26; 11;
23; 11:108; 14:23; 18:108; 20:86; 21:102; 23:11; 25:15; 25:16; 25:76; 29:58; 31:9; 39:73;
43:71; 46:14; 48:5; 50:34; 57:12; 58:22; 64:9; 65:11; 98:8; 50:34 ), and in 40 occurrences it
describes the duration of the stagnation of Jahim(=barriere which cannot be crossed) (2:39; 2:81;
2:162; 2:217; 2:257; 2:285; 3:88; 3:116; 4:14; 4:93; 4:169; 5:80; 6:128; 7:36; 9:17; 9:63;
9:68; 10:26; 10:27; 10:52; 11:107; 13:5; 16:29; 20:101; 21:99; 25:29; 25:69; 32:14; 33:65;
33:103; 39:72; 40:76; 41:28; 43:74; 47:15; 59:17; 64:10; 72:23; 85:17; 98:6).
The word KHaLaDa also conveys the meaning of long duration. For instance, the classic Arabic
dictionary Lisanul Arab lists the plural form KHawaLiD to mean mountains and rocks since they
last very long. The Quran, at least in one instance, uses the past tense of the word to describe an
act lasting lifetime (7:176). The verse describes a fanatic disbeliever and tells us that he "Akhlada
ilal ardi." that is, stuck to the ground, stuck to lowly ideas! In this article I do not argue that the
meaning of the word KHaLaDa and all its derivatives convey only the idea of a very long time or
a period of a particular life time. Though there might be some evidence for such an argument, and
the lack of usage of this word for God might be considered supportive evidence, presently I am
not convinced.
As for the adverb ABaDa (eternally, ever, forever), it occurs 28 times in the Quran, and out of
these, in nine occurrences it is used to describe the duration spent in Djenna (4:57; 4:122; 5:119;
9:22; 9:100; 18:3; 64:9; 65:11; 98:8 ) and in three verses this word is used for the duration spent
in Gehenna (4:169; 33:65; 82:23). Verses 5:37; 22:22; 32:20 state that the deniers will want to
exit Gehenna, but they will never be able to do so. The arguments of those who reject eternal
judgement is rejected (3:24).
ABaDa is used in 9:84; 9:108; 24:4; 33:53; 59:11; 62:7 to mean eternity contingent with the life
of the subject:
"You shall never (La.... ABaDa) pray for any of them when he dies... " (9:84)
"You shall never (La ... ABaDa) pray in such a masjid..." (9:108)
"... and never (La ... ABaDa) accept t any testimony from them..." (24:4)
"... You shall never (La ... ABaDa) marry his wives after him." (33:53)
"... We will never (La ... ABaDa) obey anyone who against you..." (59:11)
"... They will never (La ... ABaDa) long for it... " (62:7)

All these negative statements use ABaDa to express a prohibition that will last forever. More
accurately, as long as conditions exist. For instance, when the person prohibited from funeral
prayer himself dies, the prohibition too ends naturally. A dead person cannot pray at the grave of
another dead person and therefore, this prohibition does not practically last for eternity. Similarly,
when the wives of the Prophet all died, the prohibition to marry them ceased to exist. Therefore,
the eternity of prohibition was in fact limited by the condition or life-time of the subject. In other
words, in the above examples, the word ABaDa indicates the entirety of a particular period.
[Thanks to E.Yuksel for this summary]
So it is clear that the use of eternal in the Quran only refers to as long as the condition is there.
Which coincides directly with 11:106-108.

Resurrection Day, is the period when all humans will be born again in the next universe. This law
of Nature has been discovered now, and shows that everything is already programmed into the
blue print of the universe, see my article „The scientific approach to the Afterlife‟.

Yaumwedeen.
yaumweDeen is mostly translated wrong with 'day of judgement'. Yaumwe can mean any time
period as can be seen with the verses that use it for a moment(55:29) and 50.000 years(70:4). So
yaumwe can be a splitsecond as well as eternity. So Yaumwedeen refers to that the Law of God is
always working any moment of the day, every second of your excistence.

The 'Day of Judgement' was taken over by the Christians who took it from the Egyptians. This
later on found it's way into the understanding of the Quran.

The Quran talks about certain moments inside the Yaumwedeen and not any specific 'day' or
moment. Your death is one moment inside the yaumwedeen, as well the moment you are reading
this post, as well your next life. So yaumwedeen refers to the eternal law of God working in the
creation. Yaumwedeen is present at any moment in your excistence.
Yaumwedeen is directly explained by this verse:
99:6 That period(Yaumwe), the people proceed/arise separately to see their deeds.
7 So who makes/does a smallest particle of anything (smaller than an atom's) weight (of)
good sees it.
8 And who makes/does a smallest particle of anything (smaller than an atom's) weight (of)
bad/evil sees it.

You can see that judgement is directly tied to the deeds.

Next to yaumwe, the word Deen must be correctly understood. The word 'Deen' has very wide
meaning. On the one hand, it means Sovereignty; reins of power; state; constitution; law and
order; judgement sound result; reward and punishment; cause and its effect. On the other hand it
means to be subservient; to obey; to bow down. When it attributed both to Allah and to man, it
means the obedience to the laws of Allah. A number of Quranic verses can be quoted in support
of the above said concepts. We quote here a comprehensive one.

3:83 Do they seek for other than the 'Deen' of Allah while all creatures in the heavens and
the earth bow down to his laws willingly or unwillingly and (ultimately) all come back to it
It means that Allah is the Sovereign of the universe. The entire creation is bound by the splints of
His laws. The inanimate objects submit to Him by means of the physical laws which are
ingrained in their very substance. They thus submit to the divine command willingly. As regard
animals they receive the divine guidance by means of instincts. They also can not deviate from
the way of life given to them by the Creator and thus submit to the divine laws willingly.
However, the case is different with man. Human physical body like all other creatures, is
controlled by physical laws and instincts and thus submits to the divine command willingly. But
human personality is controlled by another set of laws which were given to mankind through the
messengers of Allah.
This is followed by saying:

3:85 If any one follows a way of life(Deen) other than Islam (i.e. submission to the laws of
Allah) never will it he accepted of him; (He may gain the pomp and glory of the present)
but he shall be the loser in the end.
Accordingly, 'Deen' is the way of life consistent with the divine laws. But this can be achieved
through an organisation where the central command becomes an instrument to enforce these
laws. Such and organisation comes into being, as the result of belief in Allah and the deeds
consistent with the laws revealed by Him in other words, the organisation of 'Deen' can not be
established without having an independent State.

24:55 Allah has promised those amongst you who work deeds consistent with the divine
laws that He will, of surety grant them in the land succession (of power) as He granted it to
those before them.
What is the object of this succession of power, has been explained in the later part of the same
verse:

24:55 That they will establish in authority their 'Deen' the one which He has chosen for
them: and that the will change (their state) after the fear in which they (lived) to one of
security and peace.
It means that the succession of power in the land is only the means to establish the organisation
of Deen, so that believers may be able to live a life of peace and security. This peace and
security, on the other hand, is not an end by itself. Its objective is explained in the next part of the
same verse

24:55 That they will bow down before My laws (only) and not associate aught with My
Sovereignty.
So for example, verse 1:4 would be translated like this:

1:4 The nourishment and development of his Personality is subject to the deeds man
performs, the results of which are under complete control of Allah's law of requital, in this
world and in the hereafter.
So it refers to the Divine Laws working in the universe, as well as when the Divine Laws as
given in the Quran will be ruling the land.
When understanding the true meaning of yaumwedeen, the true understanding of Gehenna and
Djenna becomes clear that they are states of mind, as yaumwedeen will work also in the
Hereafter. The people of Gehenna can talk with the people of Djenna(7:44-50) but that there is a
veil of difference between the 2 states of mind(7:46), and that the people of Djenna don't feel the
flames of Gehenna because of the difference of thinking and experience(21:102).

Fire.

And what about the use of Fire/Jahim? Well, fire has some interresting qualities. First it needs
fuel, and from a physics point of view, fire is a form of energy that takes larger molecules apart
and forms them into simpler formations, or in other words, it takes structures apart. So if you are
„in the Fire‟, it means you are feeding it with something, plus it takes apart a structure. But which
structure? The Reality around you, the Truth. So Fire refers to illusion, as illusion can only be
made, truth doesn‟t need to be upheld to excist. The earth remains round even after all humans
are dead, it is an unchangable truth. But to say the earth is flat, this idea can only excist through
humans, it can only stay alive, be fed, while there are humans around to profess it. People who
believed the earth was flat, neglected all the signs that the earth was round, the signs didn‟t got
through their illusion, it was like they were taken apart in their mind.
Fire refers to something that consumes and doesn't feed you. Like an illusion only consumes as
you cannot base it on reality, so you have to feed yourself to keep it alive, instead of it feeding
you and keeping you alive.

For example Idolatry is called an illusion in 31:30, and in 2:257 it is said that people who commit
idolatry are in the fire.

31:30. That is so for God is the Reality(Haq), and what they invoke other than Him is
illusion. Indeed God is all-high and supreme.
2:257. God is the friend of those who believe, and leads them out of darkness into light; but
the patrons of the ones who bury the truth for themselves(kafaruu) is everything that is
served next to God/idols(taghhout) who lead them from light into darkness. They are the
residents of Fire, and will abide therein.
So Fire refers to illusion, as well as a state of excistence which will get them nowhere, as will be
seen later, Fire is always connected with rejecting the Truth. And as an example given above, as
long as people reject the Truth as simple as the earth is flat, they will remain in their state of
excistence which will lead them to nowhere. They are in stagnation. That it also refers to
stagnation can be seen by these verses:

87: 9. So remind, perhaps the reminder(the Quran) will help.

10. He who is reverent will remember.

11. And he who is wicked will avoid it.

12. He will enter the great Fire.
13. In which he will neither die nor live.
People who live in illusion because they reject the Truth, will enter the Fire of illusion, in which
they will neither live nor die, they will neither progress nor go backwards, they are in stagnation.
We cannot progress without God‟s guidance as given in the Quran.
Now, one person asked me how certain verses work with this approach. He gave a verse to
explain:

“O you who believe! save yourselves and your families from a fire whose fuel is men and
stones; over it are angels stern and strong, they do not disobey Allah in what He commands
them, and do as they are commanded. 66:6

I don't like the meaning 'angels' as the word malikah has a different meaning. Malikah comes
from M-L-K, realm/kingdom/authority/control, so i would rather translate malikah as: the ones in
control/authority. for me there are different types of malikah, and in this verse to me it refers to
natural laws of cause and effect.

That the Jahim's fuel is men, refer to that only humans can be in this mindstate, and the stones to
me refer to stubborness or rockhard convictions in their hearts, as the hearts of the rejectors are
called harder then rocks in 2:74

2:74. Yet, in spite of this, your hearts only hardened like stones or even harder, but among
stones are those from which rivers flow; and there are also those which split open and water
gushes forth; as well as those that roll down for fear of God. And God is not negligent of all
that you do.
So the real translation of the verse looks like this:
66:6 O You who have chosen to be graced with belief! Save yourselves and your families
against a Fire whose fuel is people and their stone hard convictions of denial in their hearts.
The guardians of this Fire are the invincible, changeless Divine Laws that never fail to
execute Allah‟s Ordinance, and carry it out without exception.

Djenna and Jahannam.

And indeed the next verses are interresting:

52:13 A time(yaumwe) they are being called repeatedly to Jahannam's fire , pushing away
violently and roughly.
14 This (is) the fire which you were with it denying .
15 So is magic/sorcery that (so is that magic/sorcery)? Or you do not understand?
16 Suffer it , so be patient or do not be patient, (it is) equal on (to) you, truly you are being
reimbursed what you were doing.

As shown earlier, yaumwe in 52:13 doesn't mean day specifically, but can mean any time period
from each moment as in 55:29 and 50.000 years in 70:4. If you read the whole chapter, to me it
talks about having societies based on the Quran or societies based on human's thinking. In the
end a society not based on God's wahi will fall into misery, and will make the people be caught in
the Fire/Jahim, as there will be no more progress for them. They never expected this to happen as
they thought they can do it themselves as shown in verse 15. That they will have to face the
consequences of their thinking and doings which they performed can be seen in verse 16, where
they will be confronted with their results(fruits) of their deeds. Like i said, it is your mindstate
that will determine your deeds. So if the mindstate is not based on God's truth, the fruits will not
give good results in the end and will cause destruction.

Compared to the people who do follow the revelation/wahi of God, which will give them the
knowledge of a perfect society and mindstate, and will give them perfect results/fruits. Which can
be seen beautifully with the verses 52:17 to 28. And will make them progress, and thus make
their Self/Nafs to a higher level in the next life.

To clarify, Djenna and Jahannam first begin in the mind. Your mindstate determines your
responses to your surroundings. So if you have a Jahannam mindstate, you create Jahannam
around you. You will not find peace in this mindstate, you are neither alive or dead(87:13). You
will do deeds that will destroy yourself, as only trough following God's revelation, people will
find the perfect knowledge to progress themselves to the fullest, as indivuduals as well as a
society.

As Djenna is the ground of your conciousness and will create a peacefull mind and by thus a
peacefull and reality based deeds. As can be seen in these verses:
89:27. (It will be said to the pious): "O (you) the one in (complete) rest and satisfaction!
28. "Come back to your Lord, Well-pleased (yourself) and well-pleasing unto Him!
29. "Enter you, then, among My honoured slaves,
30. "And enter you My Paradise!"

Also a country which is not ruled by God's Law is also called Jahannam as it will eventualy
destroy itself as only through God's revelation humans will find the best Laws and wisdom to
create the perfect society. A country that is ruled by God's revelations is also Djenna, as God's
Law will give a perfect society and the best peacefull mind for individuals. As can be seen from
the verses 52:7-16 which talk about a Jahannam society, and 52:17-28 which talk about a Djenna
society.

So it is a mindstate as well as a physical place. Just like masjid al-haram literally means a place
where people bow to God's restrictions. The place that bows down to God´s laws has to be your
mind/conciousness as well the country you live in, your house, your schoolsystem, tv programs,
all should obey God‟s laws. So by this example it is again seen how something is as well talking
about a mental place as a physical place.

Imagine the freedom, joy and progress of a society based on God's laws, it will create things
unimaginable.

32:17 So no Self knows what I hide for them from a sights' delight , a reimbursement
because (of) what they were doing .

And the Djenna in the next life will be truly unimaginable, as our technology now is
unimaginable for people 100 years ago. In the next life we will be so far off, i will not discuss
that even.

The main purpose is to show is it is US that will create Djenna or Jahannam. It are OUR
mindstate and the results of those mindstates that will create Djenna or Jahannam now and in the
next life. Waiting for Djenna in the next life has created Jahannam now on earth!!! There is no
real progress and we are working our way towards WW3. That it is so important people have to
understand the real purpose of God's revelation and what He uses as examples of results of
following those laws. You don't earn Djenna by waiting and praying. You have to create Djenna
by working hard to imply God's Laws here on earth, using prayer and fasting for a peacefull
mindstate, and taking action to create a peacefull land.

Do people think Muhammed created such a perfect state just by praying and waiting? No, they
knew it was them, themselves who created Djenna. So we must stop waiting and hoping for
something we have to create ourselves. That is what the whole Quran is about, action! Don't look
at the tree waiting till the apple falls, you are hungry now, so pluck it by using your God given
powers and using the wisdom God gave us in His revelation. Let‟s look at some more verses:

18:99 We will let some nations to invade others on a Period when the trumpets of war will
be blown. Then We will gather them together in battle-fields.
These verses are talking about Gog and Magog(harmfull nations), as can be seen by the verses
preceding these 2. In verse 99, it clearly talks about the nations being in great conflict which each
other, and 'the trumpet will be blown' refers to a momentus period, a time of change and
importants, and 'We collected them all together' refers to where the people will have one
common goal and they will all strive to reach that goal.

18:100 And We displayed Jahannam on that Era(yaumwe) to the rejectors of truth clear to
see.

Because of this common goal (which is most likely to be greed, lust, wealth, power and so on)
they will be confronted with misery, as a man-made system can never prevail, and following lust
and wealth will only create unbalance and will eventualy turn against them.
This can be seen with wars as WW2, which was truly a Jahannam on display, and now with Iraq,
where the sunnis and the shias are in conflict over each other, while in the same time having the
same goal. Because of this, they are creating Jahannam.

101 Those who their sights were in a concealment from My reminder, and they were not
being able (of) hearing .

102 Did those who bury the Truth for themselves think that they take My servants (as)
guardians/allies from other than Me? We have prepared/made ready for the rejecters
Jahannam (as) a place of descent .

These people don't accept God's guidance and rather listen to human made laws. Because like the
shias and sunnis are following man-made concepts(take My servants (as) guardians/allies from
other than Me) instead of the Quran , they are destined to create misery and will not progress as
a people( prepared/made ready for the rejecters Jahannam (as) a place of descent ).

15:43- And surely Jahannam is the promised place of them all:

44- It hath several gates, and each gate hath an appointed portion.

The seven in verse 44, can also mean several as for example in 2:29. It refers to the multiple
ways in how humans can create Jahannam in their mind and in their surroundings. It has several
gates or ways to enter misery, just like there are several ways to start a war, the conflincts can
also be called gates towards war. So the gates refer to certain deeds, acts and thinking which are
gates towards misery. Greed, racism, lust, dictatorism, lies, rejection of truth are all gateways
towards misery and will create Jahannam in your mind and in the land.

39:71 And those who disbelieved are driven to Jahannam (in) groups until when they came
to it, (then) its entrances were opened, and its safe keepers said to them: "Did not
messengers from you come to you, they read/recite on (to) you your Lord's evidences/verses
, and they give you notice (of) this your time, this meeting?" They said: "Yes, certainly."
And but the torture's expression became a fact on the rejectors.

Like mentioned earlier, only through God's guidance people will attain the perfect society and
balance on earth, a peacefull minstate and peacefull land. So when the nations who neglected
God's guidance have fell into destruction, they will be confronted by the nations and/or people
who do follow God's guidance, and they will have to admit that they were warned for following
their greed and lusts, and that it will make them fall into misery(Jahannam). It can be seen now
already in the West, were people are unhappy, even though they have all they want, as they're
trapped in following wealth and status. The human-system doesn't work, and Nature and 3world
countries are being destroyed because of the lust of the West.

39:72 (It) is said: "Enter Jahannam's entrances, eternally in it, so how bad (is) the
arrogants' residence ?"

Enter misery in your mind and land for not following God's guidance. As again be clearly seen by
this verse:

87: 9. So remind, perhaps the reminder(the Quran) will help.

10. He who is reverent will remember.

11. And he who is wicked will avoid it.

12. He will enter the great Fire.
13. In which he will neither die nor live.

32:20 As to those who are rebellious and wicked, their abode will be the Fire: every time
they wish to get away therefrom, they will be forced thereinto, and it will be said to them:
Taste ye the Penalty of the Fire, the which ye were wont to reject as false.

Again people who are 'rebellious', as refering not to accept God's guidance, will not attain a
peacefull mind state, as well as a peacefull land. You can see that only those who are wicked and
rebelious will stsay in the Fire. This refers to that as long these people will remain rejecting God's
guidance and/or commiting harmfull deeds, they are in the Fire, in a mindstate in which they will
not progress. Fire refers to that it consumes everything and cannot feed anything, this compared
to the streams and fruits of Djenna. So they will not progress as a society or individual. This
stagnated position will disapear as soon those people will stop being rebelious and/or wicked.

Jahannam, the purifier.

Remember that when people fall into misery, they will acknowledge that following God's
guidance is the best way. So falling into misery(jahannam) is also a lesson. Jahannam is called
maula/protector in 57:15 of the rejectors, as refering it to be a between phase, and also called
umm/mother in 101:9, which refers that Jahannam is a lesson to them for knowing that following
lusts will not attain them anything. It is a classroom that will show them their way will get them
nowhere. Jahannam mindstate is only a between-phase between believing in illusion and reality,
following God's guidance and following human ideas, which is why everyone will see Jahannam,
once in their excistence 19:71. This verse beautifully shows that everyone in their lifetime has
one time neglected following God's guidance which in the end gave them misery.
That Jahannam is a between phase can also be seen at the use of fitnah in 2:191, 29:2&10, where
it refers to the trials for the believers. Fitnah comes from the meaning of purifying gold or
throwing in rubbish to the fire. Which refers to loosing illusions that will create bad fruits/results,
as they are confronted with the truth during those fitnah's. The gold=nafs must be cleaned of all
veils/illusions as in 17:46, so it can attain the higher mindstate. In 37:63 people in Jahannam will
also get fitnah, which refers to the tree of zaqum.

As shown by the word Djenna=garden covered in foilage, the ground refers to the nafs which
has certain knowledge, which will create certain deeds=trees, and the fruits are it's results. So is
the tree of zaqum a deed which is called a fitnah 37:63, a purifying deed. Zaqum means literally,
a tree with small round leaves without thornes, it has a penetrating smell and is bitter, the tips of
the leaves are filthy tasting.

So for them it is purifying, but this purifying will be experienced as eating something filthy. It is
falling into destruction which will taste bitter, but is in the same time a purifying thing, as they
have at least lost the concept that lusts will get them anywhere. So the are purified from the
concepts of following their own desires and neglecting God's guidance.
One of the verses most people come to me with, while discussing these approaches, is this verse:

4: 56. Those who have rejected Our signs, We will admit them to a Fire. Every time their
skins are cooked, We replace them with other skin that they may taste the retribution. God
is Noble, Wise.
So if the Fire ain´t real, how come the skins are replaced, as the skin is the only part of the body
that can feel heat? This is very interresting question indeed. I believe God gave us a scientifical
fact hidden in a metaphor. As explained earlier, Fire refers to illusion and a state of excistence
which leaves them in stagnation. And what does skin mean? Skin is what touches the
surroundings, so this refers to the reality around them. This verse explains that every time their
surroundings is wasted, it will get replaced, but as long as they keep rejecting the Truth, it will be
a continious cycle of falling into misery and destruction.
In the end, people will accept that only through God‟s guidance they can achieve the perfect
mindstate and society. Some through direct acceptance of the Revelation, others through constant
trial and error which in the end leaves them only God‟s Revelation to try out.
When we study the Gatha's of Zoroasthra, we can see that their concept of paradise, was that the
Law of God ruled the earth, and by thus creating 'heaven'. This concept can be seen throughout
the Gatha's next to the pure monotheism they proclaim. Only in the later writings was this
concept disturbed and replaced by an underworld of punishment and an upperworld of reward.
This change happened at the same era when the theology of Zaroastrha was formed into
polytheism. That polytheism and the wrong concept of Djenna and Gehenna go together can also
be seen with the Christian theology, as Jesus refers most of the time to the Kingdom of God being
already here in this life. This was changed into an upper- and underworld concept of heaven and
hell, when the theology of Jesus was taken over by the Greeks who turned it into a polytheism.

Gospel of Thomas:
Jesus said, "If those who attract you say, 'See, the Kingdom is
in the sky,' then the birds of the sky will precede you. If they
say to you, 'It is under the earth,' then the fish of the sea will
precede you. Rather, the Kingdom of God is inside of you, and it is
outside of you. [Those who] become acquainted with [themselves]
will find it; [and when you] become acquainted with yourselves, [you
will understand that] it is you who are the sons of the living
Father. But if you will not know yourselves, you dwell in poverty
and it is you who are that poverty."

This was a short introduction, and i hope it clearified some thoughts.

More be will written on this subject Incha-Allah, as this is a wide subject and a controversial one.
But without really understanding this, we cannot understand the message of the Quran, so for
now i keep reminding people of this verse:
11:119. Except whom your Lord has mercy upon; and for that He has created them.

A Scientific Approach To God

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A scientific approach to God‟s image and the

Oneness of God
Arnold Yasin Mol©2006
"The early man had little knowledge how nature worked and why, except what he himself could
experience, out of this the feeling of mystery must have emerged. The feeling there is a true
reality behind this life. This is how the concept of divinity, of the transcendent, a universal Good,
bigger that the human and nature, a source of nurture, a ruler on destiny. This concept of power,
of a Creator, in the sense of that is everything, a power of the higher and this reality must have
come about. In our language it resembles the Transcendent and Immanent. If this can be seen as 1
God, as most researchers think, can not be proven of course. But it is certainly true, that in our
days, with the cultures who don't use writing, and resembles early man in a lot of ways, like the
use of oral tradition. That with these cultures, it is a common believe that there is only one
highest god, one creator, and next to this god, they have to deal with lower spiritual beings as
totems, cultural heroes, ancestors and local gods. But this god, sticks out with head and shoulders
above all of these lower powers. For most it is a vague, and and incomprehensible power. That in
their eyes doesn't intervene in daily life. So this is why they use their idols to ask help. [...]When
cultures grew, this aminism developed into polytheism. But in the background, this highest god
always remained, although it was ignored. This faith, or rather understanding developed back in
to monotheism as it is to be found in the scriptual faiths of today. So after a long route the highest
power always prevailed. The concept of religion, has to be traced back in the faith of a holy
power that goes beyond this universe, and supports it. It could be that this wasn't given no form,
and stayed a vague term of providence, as a creating and recreating force, working in food, sex,
fertility, birth, death and the changing of seasons. When this view, that this force exists, found it's
own life in different aspects and functions, this developed into spirits, ghosts and idols, with each
its own tasks.[...]
It reappearing throughout the whole history of mankind. The remerging of faith in every fase of
cultures and religions since prehistoric times, gives a clear indication that it is something that is a
spontaneous part of man itself. It is an expression of a feeling and thinking man is born with, not
so much an outcome of observation and knowledge of the universe and nature. Without a doubt
did this develope into the monotheisms of today, in the God as only creator and sustainer of all
things. Far from that polytheism developed into monotheism, does the evidence show that the
concept and knowledge of the universe, while it grew developed different gods and powers over
time, while the highest being turned into a vague figure, that didn't intervene, and was hidden in
the mists of animism and polytheism and the absolutism of Hinduism and in the far east."
Gerben J.F. Bouritius Lector in the fenomology of religions and faiths of the Theological
Faculty in Tilburg
“What is God? Where is God?” Every person on earth will give you a different answer to these
questions. “Nowhere. Outside the universe. In heaven. In yourself. God is love. God is the
Quantum Zero Point Field. God is energy. God is in these rocks. Inside this temple.” These are
some remarks people could give. Which one is true? They are all based and formed on personal
experience, intelligence, feelings, knowledge, personal opinions, knowledge formed by religion
or tradition, conjecture. So is God for everyone different? Is our God experiences subjected to
every persons willingness of limit to where God can be present in their lives, can the experience
be formed? I believe they are all true, and none. Humankind always hasve to form something into
a shape, to name it. An experience or feeling, a scientific idea about the world around us. We
always have to label it, put a name card on it. Shape it into an image. This is no weakness, it‟s
build within our nature, it helps us to deal with the things we encounter in life. But in one thing
we went wrong, went ahead of ourselves, crossed a limit. We tried to grasp the Ungraspable. See
Him who can‟t be seen.
Some see God as energy, some see Him in the smile of a child. We try to find Him somewhere in
our lives. To give form to God, to grasp Him. Give Him a place, and by doing so we give Him a
size, a form, a limit to where He is present in our lives and thoughts.
I say; STOP! Drop all the thoughts you‟re having and let‟s start over, from the beginning. Look at
ourselves and wonder why do you have such thoughts? On what experience and knowledge you
have formed God on? Is it reasonable, did you really searched God, or did you search a form or
place for Him? Did you allow people to form Him for you? When you reflect on yourselves to
see where you‟re ideas come from, you will see that, most of it comes from your background,
education, experience. All things that are limited and by thus create a limit for God unknowingly.
So let‟s start over and see where we will end.
You will agree with me that there are two worlds we can reach; the world we see with our eyes,
touch with our fingers, the air we breath. The material world. The other one is linked to this
world, but can also go beyond it. The world of feelings. Love, happiness, pain, hate, hope,
despair, anger, sorrow. We all know them, we all have a different approach to them, we name
them like this, we can‟t truly grasp them, but nobody will deny their existence. These worlds are
linked, intertwined in one another, they form one another. So lLet‟s see what we know now about
the first world, the material world.
Science has come a long way. Every time they thought they had reached a limit, a new horizon
appeared. The knowledge of the building blocks that form our material world, got smaller and
more complicated over the years. First we started to understand that everything was build with
small „construction‟ blocks, and we called them molecules. This idea is thousands of years old,
coming from the ancient history, passed on to us through the ancient Greeks. The fundamentals
of the laws of the building blocks grew over the ages, until the 19th and 20th century we started to
understand that they had so many properties, they also had to be formed by even smaller
particles. Being present in each molecule in a different amount and formation and giving each
molecule its unique qualities. Protons, neutrons and electrons. And of course these later on turned
out be constructed by again smaller parts, quarks. Quarks had smaller substances and from there
on it never stopped. Now we have reached a point we know we can‟t go further. We start to
understand we live in one unlimited energy field. No vacuum, no spaces between the energy.
Scientists have given it different names but they all agree on
the properties, Zero Point Field, Akasha field. The name doesn‟t matter.
Because of this discovery we can understand a lot of things we earlier couldn‟t explain, now we
can fill in the blanks. Now quantum physics works together with biology, neurology, chemistry,
philosophy and religion. New theories emerged from all different fields of science, explaining the
most fundamental questions. The communication between cells, where gravity gets its energy
from. The field answered a lot of material world answers. But it gave also a new explanation for
the reality of the material world. People always hear things like; this life is an illusion, or life is a
dream. Most religions say it, the holy books mention it. Philosophers wrote hundreds of books
about it. Now this idea, this way of thinking comes from a place we would not expected to come
from; science. In neurology there were already ideas that the world didn‟t exist outside us. Our
senses feel, hear, see, taste something coming from outside us. It goes trough our nerves and
inside our brains and the feeling gets reproduced to our conscious. So we can never step outside
our brain and nerves to experience the outside world. How then can we know it is real? This
pondered scientists and philosophers for years. In dreams you can feel senses, experience
realness. Climb a mountain while never leaving your bed. You don‟t need a reality around you to
experience things.
Life looks like a big super movie, a hologram. The people who examine the outside world, came
with the same conclusion. There is no „outside‟ just a „something‟. But not only outside you, you
yourself are part of that „something‟. Even your conscious is build up out of that „something‟.
Life is truly a hologram…. So there you are, reading this, with your thoughts. Thinking they are
only in your head. There is no head! There is nothing, and everything. We are all connected with
everything. Part of the „something‟. All is real, but in the same time not a real as before, only
your thoughts and actions remain. Your choices of feelings when you experience the hologram is
all that that is real. But also still based on that „something‟.
But what creates this hologram? Allows your choices? Your consciousness? All sciences show a
design in the creation around you and in yourselves. When you read this article, you know it was
written by an intelligence. I could have taken some ink and a piece and drop itnk on a piece of
paper a million times. Never would it have formed a sentence, even a word. I have to direct the
ink, control it to form a word or a sentence. The design in DNA, the law of physics that balance
the mechanism of the creation are so precise, like in the words of professor Paul Davies:‟ This
can be no trivial detail, no minor byproduct of mindless, purposeless forces. We are truly
meant to be here‟. So what‟s behind this perfectly formed hologram, this perfect movie set?
Does the energy field form it? So we can name this field God? No, then you start limiting and
labeling again. I myself wouldn‟t call it that. That kind of description makes an „iít‟ out of the
„something‟. The something designs our being, our experiences, our world. God is everything,
and goes beyond everything, beyond your thoughts. Beyond the field. God doesn‟t end up on a
chalkboard between thousands of formulas. Just like feelings, the Everything can‟t be described.
You can‟t write the feeling of love for me on paper, you can only describe the effect the feeling
has on you. The field can be an expression of God, a way to show His power and presence to us.
Showing that you can‟t escape Him, you can‟t get attached to things, possessions. It‟s all a
hologram, not real. Theo only realtrue attachment is to Him. The field is balanced, controlled by
perfect laws, creating us and our universe. It shows us a message, HeI isam here, wherever that
issomewhere.
„IÍt „ knows, „iít‟ forms. „IÍt lives and makes us live. It is conscious and truly unlimited in
every-thing. And an „iít‟ can live, but an „iít‟ is something not personal. An „iít‟ is something
unknown.
But we know that‟s not the case, we have known „iít‟ from the beginning. In every language we
give a different name, but the meaning is the same. God, Allah, Aum, Adonai, Wakantanka,
Ahura Mmazda. So many names, but all the same qualities given to the Highest being, the
Highest Reality. The Ultimate Everything. And still a lot of scientists can‟t find there place in
religion, they acknowledge the fact of a Creator, but don‟t know what to do with their
“discovery”. The image of that Creator mentioned in the revelations of the world, say the same
thing we know know through science. But they look at the religions and only see the traditions
and superstitions that surrounds the religions. They don‟t take the effort to go beyond theose
things that bury the true meaning mentioned in the holy books and oral traditions. Most traditions
and beliefs that comes with a holy revelation, contradict what that revelation says. The scriptures
are more realistic, more grown than the later formed traditions that surrounds them. The doctrines
that later on have been formed, has more to do with the power and position the people gained
using the scriptures, or misunderstandings that formed over the years, superstitions. They buried
the true message hidden in the revelations. than with the true message given in it. Or with the
misunderstanding of its meaning. Superstition. The scriptures are always the innocent victims,
their words used too give people authority, instead of giving the scriptures the true importance.
And by thus later on getting labeled as concocted. Or Tthey are seen as ignorant efforts to explain
our reason of existence, but doesn‟t science try to do the same?
Of course it is really important we have to look at scriptures in a scientific way. We have to look
at the psychology and social factors behind the revelations. Their history and purposes for the
laws and wisdom mentioned in them. I‟m not going to start the discussion in this article, which
scripture is wrong or not, how much they are corrupted or not, that is not the purpose of this
article, this article is about the image of God people have. The purpose of this article is to show
that the main message in the revelations are all the same, that science shows the same
information. That is, stop giving God a form or place. Let‟s stop trying to grasp the Ungraspable.
God is everything, and can‟t be comprehended. This is sometimes hard for people to understand.
We are a “thing” that can never engulf the Everything. But we still can have a relationship with
Him. We have been created with a meaning, so to know us, we have to start with knowing Him.
Some people say:” Look God inside of you”. I say turn it around; “Look you inside of God”.
I am the Pproducer and the Ddestroyer of the whole universe. There is nothing else, O
Dhanañgaya! higher than Myself; all this is woven upon Me, like numbers of pearls upon a
thread. And all entities which are of the quality of goodness, and those which are of the quality of
passion and of darkness, know that they are, indeed, all from Me; I am not in them, but they are
in Me.

Bhagada-vita Chapter 7, verses 6 and 10.

O You who are All! You are of infinite power, of unmeasured glory; you pervade All, and
therefore You are All!

Bhagada-vita Chapter 11, verse 40

Know therefore today, and lay it to your heart, that the Lord is God in heaven above and on the
earth beneath; there is no other.

Deuteronomy 4,39
O‟man, worship the Omniscient, Omnipresent, Originator, Immortal, AllpervadingAll-pervading
God, and dedicate thyself to Him.

Sama Veda, book2 agneya kanda, decade 1, verse 7

The visible and invisible universe displays His grandeur. Yea, He is greater than this universe.
All worlds are but a part of Him, the rest lies in His Immortal, Resplendent Nature.

Yayur Veda, Chapter 31. verse 3

The birds and beasts, the trees and rocks, are the work of some great power. We believe that He,
Wakantanka, is everywhere.

Chased by bears, Chief of Lakota Indians

"It is I who am the light which is above them all. It is I who am the All. From Me did the All
come forth, and unto Me did the All extend. Split a piece of wood, and I am there. Lift up the
stone, and you will find Me there."

Gospel of Thomas, verse 77

To God belongs the East and the West. Wherever you turn the presence of God is everywhere:
All-pervading is He and All-knowing.
Quran, Chapter 2, verse 115
This is God, your Lord; there is no god but He, the Creator of all things. So pay homage to Him,
for He takes care of everything. No eyes can penetrate Him, but He penetrates all eyes, and He
knows all the mysteries, for He is All-knowing.

Quran, Chapter 6, verses 102-103

That is so for God is the undeniable Reality. It is He who brings the dead to life, for He has the
power over every thing.

Quran, Chapter 22, verse 6

So science and religion can walk hand in hand, they are meant toshould walk hand in hand. They
complete each other. They are not each others enemies, they are true brothers.
“For the scientist who has lived by his faith in the power of reason, the story ends like a bad
dream. He has scaled the mountains of ignorance; he is about to conquer the highest peak; as he
pulls himself over the final rock, he is greeted by a band of theologians who have been sitting
there for centuries.”

Robert Jastrow, astrophysicist

So now science serves theology, it helps in the better understanding on how great a miracle it is
we are here. It helps to a better understanding of the wisdom given to us byfrom our ancestors.
But it helps also in one real important matter. In the information given above, it is clearly shown
that there is only one everything. You can‟t have two everythingseverything‟s, you can‟t split it
up in little fractions, or place the power in a certain spot. Everything is one and alone. Everything
is everywhere. Imagine, EVERYTHING……Everything you look at, your computer, your
reflection in the mirror. The stars above, the whole universe and what lies beyond it. Everywhere
you look, you look at Him, all is connected. You can‟t grasp it, you can‟t form a picture or place
for Everything. God is One. There is only one origin. One beginning. One Everything.

1:1BISMILLAHIR RAHMANIR RAHIM With the Glorious Name of Allah, the Source of
Instant and Eternal Beneficence and Mercy Who embraces the entire Universe in His fold,
nourishing and taking care of all things for what they are meant to be, just as a mother's
womb nourishes the embryo without any returns.
['Rahm' in 'Rahman' and 'Raheem' encompasses all the meanings rendered.]
Almost all traditions and revelations, oral or written, proclaim this. From the Bible to the Vedas,
the Quran to the Zend Avesta, the traditions of Buddha to the traditions of the American Indians.
From east to west, north to south. Almost all people, cultures know the most High. They all
proclaim the One is above all. There is nothing else that has power, nothing else that matters.
Nothing that goes beyond it. How then can it be their doctrines and way of thinking contradict
this? Hindus proclaim their monotheists while worshipping hundreds of statues. Christians claim
their monotheists while saying He is split up in three parts. American Indians say mother earth
nurtures them. Muslim mention Muhammed next to God. Buddhists give power to Buddha.
People who acknowledge a Most High, but are only dealing with their ancestors or all kinds of
spirits. And the list goes on and on. They give power or importance to something that is just a
´thing´ inside the Everything. A ´thing´ that is not even a drop in the ocean of Everything. A
´thing´ that is so minute, so powerless, because it is build up out of the Everything. An ice cube
in an ocean. When you build something, or mention a name, you use God‟s presence. You
´borrow´ God to make a statue, praise a name, bow down for something. When you use your
thoughts, you make use of God. God gave us the power to form our reality around us, using Him.
So when you praise something that is not the Everything, you praise something that has no power
of its own. It doesn‟t belong to itself. It isn‟t loose from the Everything. It is made up out of the
Everything. That little part does not resemble the Everything.
It would be like somebodyI grabbed your hand, folded your fingers so it formed a fist and say;”´
this fist can help me, this fist is special. Hit that person for me, protect me, fist.”´ Wouldn‟t you
say; “`the fist is not special, without me it can‟t do nothing. I decide if I would help you, the fist
can‟t decide that on its own. I‟m its master. Why don‟t you ask me to help you? Why do you ask
a part of me, Thatwho has no power of its own? Where has this idea come from?”` then the
person mightay say; “`Ok, then I ask you to help me with your fist”`.. Wouldn‟t your answer be;
“`I decide if I help you with my fist, I decide with what I‟m going to help you.” .´ Imagine then
you helped him, protected him using your fist. And afterwards he would say; “`thank you, I swear
there is no protector but you and your fist is your helper.”` wouldn‟t you start all over again?
“`my fist didn‟t help you, I did, why mention it even? I used my fist, and it may be it was an
important means to help you, but still I helped you. It was me, and me alone who helped you.
Why mention it like you have to?” ` If you praise a created thing, you praise a drop inside God.
Does this drop really have any power?
So think closely how you “use” God. In what ways you use the power given to you, and Who to
give thanks too.
Understand this and you know the true relation between you and God. There is no space between
you and your Creator, no barrier. The revelations say there is no god except God, no power
except the Power. This is not only a theological fact, it is now also a truly scientifically one.
There is only one Everything, only one Power, One God. All is One. Let all the people of all
religions understand this and we have something that truly unites us. This is step one to the
higher ladder of evolving to a higher society. This will make us forget we have some differences
like our color of skin or language. We are all related, created by the same One, for the same
purpose. To find ourselves. All the holy revelations and creeds have the same main theme. We
have to drop all the superstition and traditions that stop us to grow as humans and society, the
things that are not confirmed by the scriptures and logic. And learn the background and history of
the scriptures and traditions. Lets put the revelations next to the scientific discoveries, and get rid
of the things that holds us back. Let us be ruled by reason and wisdom, using both science and
religion. Let us grow back to another. lets pick up our ladders to God and find the chains that
bindsconnect us, not separates us. Lets return to God.
There is no god except God. God: There is no god but He, the Living, Eternal, Self-subsisting,
Ever-s ustaining. Neither does somnolence affect Him nor sleep. To Him belongs all that is in the
heavens and the earth; and who can intercede with Him except by His leave? Known to Him is all
that is present before men and what is hidden (in time past and future), and not even a little of His
knowledge can they grasp except what He will. His seat extends over heavens and earth, and He
tires not protecting them: He alone is all High and Supreme.

Quran, Chapter 2, verse 255mentioned in multiple verses.

Surely the believers and the Jews, the Nazareans(Christians) and the Sabians, whoever believes in
God and the Last Day, and whosoever does right, shall have his reward with his Lord and will
neither have fear nor regret.
Surely, those who believe, those who are Jewish, the Christians, the Converts; ANYONE who
believes in God, and the believes in the Hereafter, and leads a righteous life, will receive their
recompense from their Lord; they have nothing to fear; nor will they grieve.

Quran, Chapter 2, verse 62 and Chapter 5, verse 69.

Who, dedicating all their actions to Me, and (holding) Me as their highest (goal), worship Me,
meditating on Me with a devotion towards none besides Mme, and whose minds are fixed on Me,
I, wWithout delay, come forward as their deliverer from the ocean of this world of death. Place
your mind on Me only; fix your understanding on Me. In Me you will dwell hereafter, (there is)
no doubt.

Bhagada-vita, Chapter 12, verse 6

Hear, O Israel! The Lord our God is one God! Therefore you shall adore the Lord your God with
all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.

Deuteronomy Chapter 6,verses 4-5

Gospel of Mark, Chapter 11, verses 29-30
God is the Creator of the universe, its One Lord, the sustainer of luminous objects like the sun.
He was present before the creation of the world. He sustains this earth and the sun in past, present
and future. Let us worship with self dedication of our soul, Him, the Embodiment of Happiness.

Yayur Veda, Chapter 23, verse 1

Him who I desire to worship and celebrate with my hymns, I beheld just now with my eyes, Him
who knows the truth, Him, the Living Wise, as the source of the good mind, the good action, and
the good word, so let us put down our gifts of praise in the dwelling-house of the heavenly
singers….For the Holy One held I Thee, Mazda Ahura.

Zend-Avesta, Chapter Gatha 2, verses 8-9

Great Spirit, You have always been, and before You nothing has been.
There is no one to pray to but You. The star nations all over the heavens are Yours, and Yours are
the grasses of the earth. You are older than all need, older than all pain and prayer.
Sioux Prayer
Agree and be united: Let your minds be all of one accord, even as the learned sages of ancient
days, unanimously worship GOD.
Athar Veda, Book 6, Hymn 64, verse 1

Deen Islam is not a lost cause, but a waiting

promise
By Arnold Yasin Mol 2006
All our efforts for to establish the Deen on earth, even if it's just following the Laws of the Quran
or it is spreading its Message. It is not a lost cause. Allah has promised victory for the Quranic
Deen, as all nations will eventually accept it as the only true way for humanity.

When people and nations fall into misery, they will acknowledge that following God's guidance
is the best way. So falling into misery and war(jahannam) is also a lesson. Jahannam is called the
maula/protector in 57:15 of the rejectors, as refering it to be a between phase of humanity, and
also called umm/mother in 101:9, which refers that Jahannam is a position of nurturing as a
lesson to them for knowing that following all selfish desires will not attain them anything. It is a
classroom that will show them their way will get them nowhere. Jahannam in the history of this
earth, is a lesson between believing in illusion and reality, following God's guidance and
following human ideas, which is why everyone will see Jahannam, once in their excistence
19:71. This verse beautifully shows that everyone in their lifetime has one time neglected
following God's guidance which in the end gave them misery.

That Jahannam is a between phase of humanity can also be seen at the use of fitnah in 2:191,
29:2&10, where it refers to the trials for the believers. Fitnah comes from the meaning of
'purifying gold' or 'throwing in rubbish to the fire'. Which refers to loosing illusions that will
create bad fruits/results, as they are confronted with the truth during those fitnah's, they are
confronted with the Law of Requital, the result of their deeds. The gold=nafs must be cleaned of
all veils/illusions as in 17:46, so it can attain the higher mindstate and society. In 37:63 people in
a Jahannam will also get fitnah, which refers to 'the tree of zaqum'.

As shown by the word Jannah='garden covered in foilage', whereby the ground refers to the
Nafs/Self or society which has certain knowledge and beliefs, which will create certain
deeds=trees, and the fruits are it's results. So is the same understanding with 'the tree of zaqum'
which is a deed which is called a 'fitnah' in 37:63, a purifying deed. Zaqum means literally, 'a tree
with small round leaves without thornes, it has a penetrating smell and is bitter, the tips of the
leaves are filthy tasting'. It is a real existing tree in East Arabia. It is so bitter, even camels don't
eat it.

So for humanity, the Hells on earth they have created themselves through following their selfish
desires, are purifying, but this purifying will be experienced as eating something filthy. It is
falling into destruction which will taste bitter, but is in the same time a purifying thing, as they
have at least lost the belief that greed will get them anywhere, they will loose the belief humanity
can guide itself alone or by 'religions'. They are purified from the concepts of following their own
desires and neglecting God's true guidance.
In short, humanity will learn the truth, as it will be sick of all the misery they have created
throughout the ages, and they will accept the Quran as their guide:

With the Glorious Name of Allah, the Instant and Sustaining Source of All
Mercy and Kindness.
110:1 When comes Allah's Help and the Victory.
110:2 And you see the people enter Allah‟s Religion in throngs. (19:96).

9:33 He it is Who has sent His Messenger with Guidance and the True Religion (DEEN =
The System of Life), that He may cause it to prevail over all religions and systems of life,
even though the idolaters may detest it. (9:31-33, 14:48, 18:48, 48:28, 61:9).

I will quote Alamma Parwez and Muhammed Asad, who both beautifully show that the
acceptance of the true Deen by the world is a long process.

"This discussion emerged out of the question: why the Quranic Social Order which assures a
peaceful, prosperous and glorious life to mankind has not been established anywhere in the
world, not even in any Muslim state, although the Divine Guidance has been with us for fourteen
centuries. The answer so far provided is that cosmic process is slow, very slow when measured
by serial or historic time. The point requires further elucidation. Evolutionary changes take place
in the outer universe automatically, according to Divine plan, and by stages, each involving
thousand and thousand of years to accomplish.
This cosmic process. In the case of man, however, this process works in a somewhat different
way. Man (and here we mean not travelling in the light of Divine guidance) when pressed by
circumstances to modify any existing state of affairs, adopts a course which he thinks the best,
works on it strenuously day in and day out, but finds at the end that the course adopted was
wrong. He abandons it and embarks upon another course. This he has to repeat time and again.
Often he feels exhausted during the course of his journey and leaves the experiment incomplete in
dire frustration. Even when he reaches his destination, the labour involved and the time spent do,
not commensurate with the result achieved—the span of human life is so short and the distance to
be traversed so lengthy. This process of "trial and error" is another form of cosmic process. Man
has, however, not been left in wilderness to find his way out, un-aided by guide or without any
signposts on his way. He has been blessed with Divine guidance. If he adopts the course
suggested by it straightway, not only is he protected against pitfalls but the time taken to reach
the goal also shrinks from cosmic reckoning to human calendar. Fourteen hundred years ago, a
group of believers made this experiment most successfully, which, apart from the miraculous
results it produced, proved that neither the Quranic Social Order was a utopia nor the
programme laid down to establish it was un-workable.

Their later generations, however abandoned that course, with the result that they met the same
fate as did the past -nations who acted similarly. (This, by the way, is the negative proof of the
efficacy of the Divine Law governing the rise and fall of nations). The Divine course is still there
and can be taken up by any nation who wishes to reach human destination safely and within the
shortest possible time:
Say : The truth from your Rabb is there ; so let whosoever will accept, and let whosoever
will reject (18 29)."
[Islam; A Challenge to Religion by G.A.Parwez]

And here is Muhammed Asad, the renowned translator:

"I had no illusions as to the present state of affairs in the Muslim world. The 4 years i have spend
in those countries had shown me that while Islam was still alive, perceptible in the world-view of
its adherents and their silent admission of its ethical premises, they themselves were like people
paralysed, unable to translate their beliefs into fruitful action. But what concerned me more than
the failure of present-day Muslims to implement the scheme of Islam were the potentialities of
that scheme itself. It was sufficient for me to know that for a short time, quite at the beginning of
Islamic history, a successful attempt HAD been made to translate that scheme into practice; and
what had seemed possible at one time might perhaps become really possible at another.

What did it matter, I told myself, that the Muslims had gone astray from the original teachings
and subsided into indolence and ignorance? What did it matter that they did not live up to the
ideal placed before them by the Arabian Prophet 13 centuries ago-if the ideal itself still lay open
to all who were willing to listen to its message? And it might well be, I thought, that we
latecomers needed that message even more desperately than did the people of Muhammed's time.
They lived in an environment much simpler than ours, and so their problems and difficulties had
been much easier of solution. The world in which I was living-the whole of it-was wobbling
because of the absence of any agreement as to what is good and what is evil spiritually and,
therefore, socially and economically as well. I did not believe that individual man was in need of
'salvation': but I did believe that modern society was in need of salvation. More than any
previous time, I felt with mounting certainty, this time of ours was in need of an ideological basis
for a new social contract: it needed a faith that would make us understand the hollowness of
material progress for the sake of progress alone-and nevertheless would give the life of this
world its due; that would show us how to strike a balance between our spiritual and physical
requirements; and thus save us from the disaster into which we were rushing headlong."[Road to
Mecca by M.Asad]

What are Malikah (angels) according to the

Quran?
The term Malikah comes from the root MLK, which means generally:
have control, rule, reign, have power, be capable of, can do, have authority, hold. It is the same
root from which the word Malik comes from, which means Supreme Master, King or Ruler.

Malikah are told to control the Creation. So what does control the Creation? We know now that
the Laws of the Universe, which determines the limits and measures of energy and matter, it are
the forces that HOLD energy and matter, and have authority over all Creation.

So this includes Gravity, Speed of Light, the Quantum Field, the Planck Constant and so on. Also
it refers to the Laws that control your psyche. When you experience a lot of stress, your
physiology changes, and your state of mind is affected by this. The Laws of Morality that are in
the consciousness of mankind.

When we kill somebody, 90% of all people will feel guilty and regret. This is a Law constructed
in your psyche. When we see some that we believe is beautiful, we are attracted to it, this is a
Law.

When we do good or bad, it is imprinted onto our Self, our Nafs or being. This will affect the
further development of your Self, just like your body is influenced by the nutrition it gets. This is
again a Law that has AUTHORITY on us.

These are just some examples of Malikah, the Ones that are in control and authority of the
Creation. They are meant and constructed in such a way, so we can attain the Higher State of
existence, Jannah.

Just like roads are built to lead you to your destination, so are these Laws constructed by Allah as
roads that will guide us to our destiny. Your body is meant to grow. Your DNA contains
Information that guides your body into its growth and sustainment. So the DNA contain Laws of
your development, Malikah, and are a good example how all Malikah of the Creation work in the
same way and are part of our development and nourishment.

The Malikah listen to Allah without any rebellion, as it is Allah who writes these Laws into the
fabric of the Universe. These roads are meant to guide us into our Higher stages of existence.
This is also why Allah will not deviate from His Laws, as His Goal for us is fixed. If He changes
the roads, He also changes the Goal. Rome will lay where it is, it will not change its position, so
all roads to Rome cannot deviate from it, otherwise it is not a road to Rome anymore, but a road
to somewhere else.

The same way it is with the Laws of the Universe, the Malikah, they are meant to serve us, bring
us to our ultimate Goal.

This is also why the Quran rejects the idea of miracles. As miracles would mean deviating from
the roads, and thus deviate from its original Goal. Allah calls Himself: Maliki-YauwmeDeen.
Where one of its meanings is: 'The Supreme Controller and Master over the path to the Ultimate
Outcome'.

He has already established an Outcome for us, and He uses the Malikah, the Angels, to reach that
Outcome. This is why He says:
And We made the angels (the Universal Forces) subservient to you.

This is also why Iblis is called a Malikah. As Iblis comes from Balasa, which means 'something
in despair and frustration'. It refers to our rebellious side, the side that wants to go against the
Laws, wants to go against our Ultimate Outcome. It is built in our psyche, so we can experience
Free Will. This side has control over us, and is thus a Malikah, a Law that controls our psyche.
But this side will not bring us to our Ultimate Outcome, it will not be a road that will guide us,
but a road that will deviate us from our Ultimate Outcome, this is why it says it is made to err, see
7:16. But this road is needed so we can experience Free Will.

So Iblis is a perfect explanation of a Law of our psyche, a Malikah.

This is when the Laws were constructed and thus the Ultimate Outcome became clear:
2:30 Your Lord announced His Plan to the angels (the Laws and Forces in the Universe),
“Behold, I am about to place on Earth a new creation that will have dominion over it.”

Here it explains perfectly how every Law only contains information of its part of the road to the
Ultimate Outcome:
2:31 And Allah endowed humanity with the capacity to attain knowledge. Then He showed
the angels certain things and said to them, “Tell me if you have the capacity of learning
about these, if you are truly better qualified to have supremacy in the planet Earth.
2:32 They humbly said, “Glorified are You, High Above all creation! We only know the
tasks You have assigned to us. Verily, You, and only You, are all-Knowing, all-Wise.”

DNA only contains information on our body, it doesn't control or have information on how
gravity holds matter. This is why it is symbolically said that the Malikah say 'we only know what
You have taught us=what You have inscribed as our task'.

Our bodies has certain limits of what it can take. When a point of disease or deter ration has
reached its limit, your body will stop working. These limits are also Malikah, Laws that control
us.
4:97 As for those who wrong their own “Self” by not striving until the angels (the Universal
Laws of death) approach them, they are asked, “What kept you occupied?” They say, “We
were weak and oppressed in the land.” The angels say, “ Was not the earth of Allah
spacious enough for you to migrate?” As for such, their habitation will be Hell, a miserable
destination.

The Laws of our inner psyche, our sub-consciousness, will be shocked by the upcoming
shut-down of the body, and thus all barriers which withheld the consciousness to have complete
access to the sub-consciousness, will disappear. And thus all inner-realities will come out and
confront the consciousness with all the Truths it had locked inside. Deep down we know the
Truth completely. This is why rejection of the Revelation, is called Kafr. Which means 'to bury
or cover something'. This is exactly what people who deny the Truth do, they bury the Truth
inside their subconciousness.

In the traditional stories, Angels had different duties. Micheal controlled earthquakes and so on.
They didn't understood that these Laws that control the Creation are the Malikah themselves.
13:13 And the thunder and the (other) angels strive to glorify Him by carrying out their
duties in awe of Him. And He it is Whose physical Laws let loose the thunderbolt to strike
the earth. And yet they stubbornly argue about Allah‟s Laws (and fall for superstitions).
Though Awesome He is in Power!
This is why they demand an Angel to come to them, but their idea of Angels is completely
different from the Reality:
15:7 “Why don't you bring angels to us if you are a man of truth?”
3:124 Remember when you said unto the believers, “Is it not sufficient for you that your
Lord should help you with three thousand angels, sent down to your hearts?”

This Dr.Shabbir's understanding of the verse, which is indeed a good understanding, but I believe
there is also another explanation, the 3000 for me shows there is more to it. As said before,
Malikah means something with power and authority, and in the above verse it is about engaging
in battle. So the power and authority refers to having these in battle. How? Well the Quran
prepared them for battle, and made them powerfull:

4:71 O You who have chosen to be graced with belief! Be fully prepared against danger.
You shall remain alert to meet aggression. Take your precautions then mobilize in groups
or all together as determined by your commander.

8:60 Make ready for them all the power you can muster, and all the equipment you can
mobilize so that you may deter the enemies of Allah, and your enemies. And others beside
them whom you know not, Allah knows them. Whatever wealth and effort you spend on
your defenses, will be your spending in the Cause of Allah, and it will be repaid to you
generously. And you shall not be wronged.

47:4 Now if you meet the disbelievers in battle, then, strike at their command centers. Until,
when you have subdued them, then, bind them firmly...
9:5 When the four Sacred Months are over and if the idolaters are still aggressing, (neither
becoming law-abiding citizens of the State, nor emigrating), subdue them whichever tribe
they may belong to, take them captive, and besiege them, and prepare for them each
ambush....

4:102 O Messenger! When you are with them and establish the congregations of prayers for
them, let some of you stand guard, and let them hold their weapons standing with you as
you prostrate. Then let the other group who has not prayed take their turn praying with
you, while the others stand guard and hold their weapons. The disbelievers wish to see you
neglect your weapons and equipment, and ambush you once and for all. You commit no
error, if you are hampered by rain or injury, by putting down your weapons. But always be
fully prepared against danger. Verily, Allah has readied a humiliating suffering for those
who deny the Truth.

So it is the Muslims themselves who were Malikah, ones with authority and power in battle.
There are more verses I believe Malikah is used for powerfull humans. For example with the
story of Mary and Zacheria and Abraham, where Malikah were humans with great authority.
who, through Revelation, could tell them what Allah had in store for them. This is why also the
word Malikah comes from the same root as Malik, Master or King. This is why Allah says in the
Quran:
6:9 If We sent an angel to them, We would have sent him in the form of a man (so that he
could live with them and speak to them), and the truth would remain obscure as it is to
them now.

As the most people have a mythological idea on Malikah, it is refuted in the Quran. This maybe
also refer that the Prophet himself is also a Malikah, a being with authority and control through
Revelation.

Then you have this very misunderstood verse that will explain the term Malikah much more:

35:1 All Praise is due to Allah, the Originator=fatiri of all Highs and their Lows, Who
appoints His angels as message-bearers having wings=ajnihatin two, three and four. (Many
of the angels, the physical laws in the Universe, have more than one function). He increases
in creation what He Will. For, Allah is the Appointer of due measure of all things, and He is
Able to do all things.

To understand the complete meaning of this verse, we must look at the words used. Allah is
mentioned here with one of His Attributes, Fatir. This comes from the root fatara, which means
to cleave or break, also it means bring forth and to create something new or for the first time.

Scholar Muhammed Ali believes it refers to the creation of matter at the BigBang, which I agree
with. As the BigBang was cleaving/disunite the merged energy and creating it into something
new, matter. This is exactly the 2 meanings of the word fatara . Also from the same root, is the
word fitrah, meaning compensition or originial substance, and thus refers to that all creation had
the same origin of compensition.
This is why one of the understood meanings of Allah's name Fitrah is: The Gift to know Allah
through which He created Mankind. As fitrah, the original substance of mankind connects
directly with the Maker of the fitrah. When this is all understood, then the true concept of the rest
of the verse will become clear.

The word jiniha or janah, is normally translated with wing. But this in no way refers to a real
wing like that of a bird. Janaha in Classic Arabic refers to power, as an old Arab saying goes:
Huwa maqsoes al-janah meaning, his wing is cut refering that that person has no strenght or
ability and even that such a person is infertile.

Ajnihatun coming from the same root, also means Wing of an Army or Shelter or Protection.

So this shows that the Malikah mentioned in this verse has multiple powers and abilities in the
creation. So which Malikah are referred to in this verse then? The verse already starts with the
Attribute of Fatir, the Originator of all energy of the Creation. And in the last part of the verse it
says : 'He increases in creation what He Will'. So these Malikah are Laws that control the growth
process of the Creation. During the BigBang, innumerable laws sprung forth that determined the
flow of the energy and guided it into matter and magnetic forces and other forces. So it are these
Laws, for example the Planck Constant, that are the Malikah as told of in this verse.

This will explain for example this verse:

39:75 And you will see the angels surrounding the Throne of the Almighty‟s Supreme
Control extolling their Lord‟s Glory and Praise. And all will be judged aright. And they
will say in concert, “All Praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.” (Allah‟s physical
Laws in the Universe will help the guided mankind establish the Divine Rule on earth, as it
is in the Cosmos. And the Divine System in the lives of mankind will make them truly see
that all Praise indeed belongs to the Giver of such Benevolent Guidance).

Where the Malikah that hold the Throne of Supreme Control, are the Forces of Creation, that are
so precise, they are the proofs of His Power and Glory, and thus Praise Him. Just like good
grades show a person's intelligence, and thus praises his intelligence, the same is with Allah,
where His precise Laws show His Glory, and are thus a representation of praising Him.

Because people had their own made-up concept of Angels:

34:40 The Day He gathers all people He will ask the angels, "Did they worship you?”

They will say:

34:41 They will answer, "Glory is Yours! You are our Master, not them. Nay, they used to
worship the invisible guises of their selfish desire=jinn=not seen. Most of them were
believers therein.”

People were worshipping their own illusion of what Angels were, this is why they are called jinn,
not seen, as they do not exist.

89:22 And your Lord comes, and His angels, rank upon rank. (A great
Revolution will come and the Divine System will be established. The
Universal forces will line up to that end).
As Dr.Shabbir beautifully explains, the term Angels/Malikah is also used for the Divine Laws of
the Quran. And when the Divine System is established on earth, the Malikah of the Quran, the
Divine Laws of the Quran, will come one by one, rank by rank, level by level. This also gives a
second meaning to the 2 above verses, where the Malikah are asked what did they serve, and the
Malikah or Laws will point out that humans served the jinn, or man-made laws and not the
Divine Laws of the Revelation.

This is an article that will show how Angels were depicted throughout History:
http://www.artsales.com/ARTistory/angelic_journey/index.html

Malikah Names:

Malikah is also used for special Forces that bring the Revelation, called Jibril, coming from Jabr
and il.

Jabr means mending a broken thing and also giving a poor man so liberally as to make him well
off and a brave person, and il refer to Powerful or Mightyness. So Jibril is translated as That
which mends the poor human with Power and Might so it will be well off and a brave creature.
And thus refers to that it brings the Revelation that restores the original path of Mankind so it
will be on the right track again and has courage to follow that path again.

This is exactly what the Revelation does. Jibril is also called Ruh-Al-Qudus. Ruh is used in the
Quran for Revelation, Wahi, Inspiration. It also means Essence. Rihun means Wind, Power,
Dominance, Conquest, Good and pure thing, Mercy, Aid against the Enemy. In the Quran it also
used for Punishment when in singular or Blessing when in plural. Qudus means Holiness or
Purity. So indeed Ruh-Al-Qudus is to be understood as Divine Energy or Divine pure Essence of
Power.

Mikal means Who is like Allah. But this meaning is highly influenced by the Jewish Hebrew
understanding of the angels and thus I don't believe this is the correct understanding of the name.
So it will need more research to understand it.

But it is clear now what these verses mean:

2:97 (They are displeased with Gabriel for bringing Revelation to a gentile Prophet. 2:90)
Say (O Prophet), “Who bears a grudge against Gabriel?" For he it is who has revealed this
Qur‟an upon your heart by Allah‟s Will. And this Revelation confirms the Divine Origin of
the earlier Revelations, and it is a Beacon of Light and a glad tiding for all those who
acknowledge it.

2:98 Whoever bears a grudge against Allah, and His angels and His Messengers, and
Gabriel and Michael, must know that verily, Allah opposes the rejecters of the Truth.

People have a grudge against the possibility of people being able to receive Revelation, they
would rather have that this possibility didn't exist.

Conclusion:

As shown, the term Malikah, is used for several things. Forces of Creation, as the law of Gravity,
the Planck Constant, laws that determine magnetic fields, Quantum fields, matter and so on. It is
also used for humans with special authority or ability. Forces that bring the Revelation. Forces
that will create us again in the new Universe. It has many levels of understanding. But none is
like what the traditional approach thinks it is.