G.

P L A N N E R S

Basically all managers carry out and become planners. The difference lies in the breadth of the
plans drawn up.

The planners are :

1. The manager carries out his own planning

 In this case the manager individually carries out his own planning without
including his subordinates.
2. The manager carries it out but is adapted to the proposals of the subordinates
 In this case the plan is drawn up by the manager, but its preparation is based on
information, proposals, suggestions from subordinates.
3. The manager sets the chart, the subordinates plan it.
 The manager assigns and gives the chart, while on the basis of the chart the
subordinates or the planning section draw up the details.
4. It is the subordinates who plan and the manager who decides.
 Planning in this way means that the subordinates plan it, the manager is asked to
approve it.
5. Joint participation in planning
 Managers rarely do their own planning or hand over planning thoroughly to their
subordinates usually planning is done by:
 Holding consultations, all taking part in planning, this will cause
excitement of work for the members.
 The manager may also assign a committee in planning.
 Managers can also use special teams in planning.

H. PLANNING RELATED TO SCHEDULING

Many types of short-term planning relate to scheduling which includes the act of setting time
values for each required activity and for the entire project. Scheduling gives vitality and practical
meaning to a plan.

Take a look at the following picture :

 A Map Used For Scheduling

The map is known as a map of Gantt planned by Henry L. Gantt, a management expert and a
practicor of early 20th century.
I. NETWORK PLANNING
The advantages that can be obtained by using this network analysis are:
1) Organize data and information systematically,
2) Determination of the order/priority of work,
3) Can find jobs that can be delayed without causing late completion of the project / work as
a whole so that from these works can be saved energy, time and funds.
4) Can determine the work that must be completed immediately in a timely manner
5) Can make a decision immediately if the contract period, is not the same as the normal
completion period of the project.
6) Can immediately determine which jobs should be done with overtime, or which jobs
should be subcontracted so that the completion of the project / work as a whole can be in
accordance with consumer demand.
From some of the advantages of using the network as a planning tool, it is clear that the
network is very helpful for management to compile planning. This will be even more
pronounced if these projects are large projects, and the relationship between one another's
work is very complex. By using the network, the complexity of the relationship between
each of these jobs is described / facilitated, so that the preparation of planning will be
successful. With this good planning, the completion of the work will be in accordance
with the planning that has been prepared, and can produce the most efficient time &
costs.